S T A T U S
Req Rec Ele Lim Not
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Std | X | XXX | XXX | | |
S +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Draft | X | X | XXX | | |
T +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Prop | | X | XXX | | |
A +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Info | | | | | |
T +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Expr | | | | XXX | |
E +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Hist | | | | | XXX |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+-----+ +-------+ +------+
|home | =======> |foreign| ------> |mobile|
|agent| | agent | <------ | node |
+-----+ +-------+ +------+
1) Datagram to /|\ /
mobile node | / 4) For datagrams sent by the
arrives on | / mobile node, standard IP
home network | / routing delivers each to its
via standard | |_ destination. In this figure,
IP routing. +----+ the foreign agent is the
|host| mobile node's default router.
+----+
------ Destination Polygon
| A |
--------------
| | B | | Router's Service Area Polygon
--------------
| C |
------
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+
| Type |Length | FDDI Address |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 33 | 33 | DST13 | DST14 | DST15 | DST16 |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+----+----+------------+--------------+----------+-----+
| DA | SA | Req Config | Allow Config | Data | FCS |
+----+----+------------+--------------+----------+-----+
| 10 bits | 86 bits | 32 bits |
+----------+--------------+---------------------+-----------------+
|1111111010| 0 | Interface Token |
+----------+--------------+---------------------+-----------------+
Confidentiality Integrity
31 (MSB) 16 15 (LSB) 0
------------------------------------|-----------------------------------
| TS (5) | U(3) | IA (4) | MA (4) | TS (5) | U(3) | IA (4) | MA(4) |
------------------------------------|-----------------------------------
TCP port 25 +-----------------+
---------------------->| | #########
| Queue |<># Mail #
TCP port 25 | Manager | # Queue #
<----------------------| | #########
+-----------------+
Local * ^ Local * Local
IPC * | IPC * IPC
* | *
* | *
* | *
V | V
Non-SMTP +----------+ +----------+
Protocol | Gateway | | Local | #########
<==============>| Delivery | | Delivery |>># Mail #
| Agent | | Agent | # Spool #
+----------+ +----------+ #########
+---------------+
| Application |
| Specific MIBs |
+---------------+
|
+--------+ +---+ +---+ +---------------+
|Other | |MTA| |DSA| | Application |
|services| |MIB| |MIB| | MIB |
+--------+ +---+ +---+ +---------------+
| | | |
+--------------------+ +---------------+ +--------------+ +------+
| Network Services | | System | |Host Resources| |MIB-II|
| Monitoring MIB | |Application MIB|--| MIB |--| |
+--------------------+ +---------------+ +--------------+ +------+
+----------++----------++----------++----------++----------+
| Track #1 || Track #1 || Track #2 || Track #1 || Track #2 |
| Header || Entry || Header || Entry || Entry |
+----------++----------++----------++----------++----------+
+---------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| ADDR_PEER | Address of peer host |
| ADDR_LINK | Address of one-hop router |
| BS_LOC_X | One-hop router's X coordinate (header only) |
| BS_LOC_Y | One-hop router's Y coordinate (header only) |
| PKT_SEQUENCE | Sequence number of packet |
| PKT_SENTTIME | Time packet was sent |
| PKT_HOPS | Number of hops packet took |
| SOCK_PORTS | Sending and receiving ports |
| IP_PROTO | Protocol number of an IP packet |
| ICMP_PINGTIME | Roundtrip time of an ICMP ECHO/REPLY pair |
| ICMP_KIND | Type and code of an ICMP packet |
| ICMP_ID | The id field of an ICMP packet |
| PROTO_FLAGS | Protocol-specific flags |
| PROTO_ERRLIST | Protocol-specific status/error words |
+---------------+-----------------------------------------------+
Table 1: Current optional fields for packet entries
+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| DEV_ID | Major and minor number of device (header only) |
| DEV_STATUS | Device specific status registers |
| WVLN_SIGTONOISE | Signal to noise ratio reported by WaveLAN |
| WVLN_SIGQUALITY | Signal quality reported by WaveLAN |
| WVLN_SILENCELVL | WaveLAN silence level |
+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------+
Table 2: Current optional fields for packet entries
+------------+--------------------------------------------+
| MH_LOC_X | Mobile host's X coordinate (map-relative) |
| MH_LOC_Y | Mobile host's Y coordinate (map-relative) |
| MH_LOC_LAT | Mobile host's GPS latitude |
| MH_LOC_LON | Mobile host's GPS longitude |
+------------+--------------------------------------------+
Table 3: Current optional fields for general entries
+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| Collection | Modulation | Analysis |
+-----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| NetBSD | In Progress | Supported | Supported |
| BSDI | Supported | Planned | Supported |
+-----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
This table summarizes the currently supported platforms for the tracing
tool suites, and the platforms to which ports are underway.
+-----------+ write to disk
| Trace | ==============>
| Collector |
+-----------+
A
========================================|===== kernel boundary
+-----------------+ |
| Transport Layer | |
|-----------------| +------------------+
| Network Layer |------------>| Trace +------+ |
|-----------------| | Agent |buffer| |
| NI | NI | NI |------------>| +------+ |
+-----------------+ +------------------+
This figure illustrates the components of trace collection. The NI's
are network interfaces.
-- LLC portion (PPP Information Field) -------------
| |
-+----------+----------+----------+----------+-------------------+-
| Protocol | DSAP | SSAP | Control | LLC Information |
| 0x004B | Address | Address | Field | Field |
-+----------+----------+----------+----------+-------------------+-
-- HPR Network Layer Packet (NLP) --
| (PPP Information Field) |
-+----------+--------+--------+------------------+-
| Protocol | NHDR | THDR | data |
| 0x004D | | | |
-+----------+--------+--------+------------------+-
LOOKUP FH=0x0 "a" --->
<--- FH=0x1
LOOKUP FH=0x1 "b" --->
<--- FH=0x2
LOOKUP FH=0x2 "c" --->
<--- FH=0x3
LOOKUP FH=0x0 "a/b" --->
<--- FH=0x1 (symbolic link)
READLINK FH=0x1 --->
<--- "/x/y"
LOOKUP FH=0x0 "/x/y"
<--- FH=0x2
LOOKUP FH=0x0 "a/b" --->
<--- FH=0x1 (symbolic link)
READLINK FH=0x1 --->
<--- "x/y"
LOOKUP FH=0x0 "a/x/y"
<--- FH=0x2
-------------- MOUNT port ? --------------> Portmapper
<-------------- Port=984 ------------------
LOOKUP FH=0x0 "a" --->
<--- FH=0x1
LOOKUP FH=0x1 "b" --->
<--- FH=0x2
LOOKUP FH=0x2 "c" --->
<--- FH=0x3
MANAGER
/ \
2.3 / \ 2.4
/ \
/ \ ANALYSIS
METER <-----> METER READER <-----> APPLICATION
2.2 2.7
Ignore
--- match(S->D) -------------------------------------------------+
| Suc | Fail |
| | Ignore |
| match(D->S) -----------------------------------------+
| | Suc | Fail |
| | | |
| | +-------------------------------------------+
| | |
| | Suc |
| current(D->S) ---------- count(D->S,r) --------------+
| | Fail |
| | |
| create(D->S) ----------- count(D->S,r) --------------+
| |
| Suc |
current(S->D) ------------------ count(S->D,f) --------------+
| Fail |
| Suc |
current(D->S) ------------------ count(D->S,r) --------------+
| Fail |
| |
create(S->D) ------------------- count(S->D,f) --------------+
|
*
+-------- test ---------+ +---- action -----+
attribute & mask = value: opcode, parameter;
International |
Backbones/National ---------------
/ \
Regional/MidLevel ---------- ----------
/ \ \ / / \
Stub/Enterprise --- --- --- ---- ----
||| ||| ||| |||| ||||
End-Systems/Hosts xxx xxx xxx xxxx xxxx
labels= | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
--------+-----+------+--------+----------+----------+
.| . | bad | bad | bad | bad |
d.| *. | d. | bad | bad | bad |
c.d.| *. | *.d. | c.d. | bad | bad |
b.c.d.| *. | *.d. | *.c.d. | b.c.d. | bad |
a.b.c.d.| *. | *.d. | *.c.d. | *.b.c.d. | a.b.c.d. |
Legend: ---+---+---+-- = 802 network, Ethernet or FDDI
|| = Paired HIPPI link
H = Host computer
PP = Outboard Protocol Processor
G = Gateway
+----------+-----------+---------------------+----------- ------+
| | | | 0 - 7 |
| HIPPI-FP | HIPPI-LE | IEEE 802.2 LLC/SNAP | IP . . . bytes |
|(8 bytes) |(24 bytes) | (8 bytes) | fill |
+----------+-----------+---------------------+----------- ------+
31 23 15 7 0
+-------------------------------+---------------+---------------+
| (not used for ULA) |ULA byte 0 |L|G| ULA byte 1 |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| ULA byte 2 | ULA byte 3 | ULA byte 4 | ULA byte 5 |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
Destination
+-------------------+-------------------+
| 32 | 64 |
+----+-----+-------------------+-------------------+
| | W=0 | Accept 32 | Accept 32 |
| 32 +-----+-------------------+-------------------+
| | W=1 | N/A | N/A |
Source +----+-----+-------------------+-------------------+
| | W=0 | Accept 32 | Accept 32 |
| 64 +-----+-------------------+-------------------+
| | W=1 | Reject | Accept 64 |
+----+-----+-------------------+-------------------+
+----------+ +----------+
| | | |
| +--------+ +--------+ |
| | HIPPI | Cable | HIPPI | |
| | +--------------------->| | |
| | Source | | Dest. | |
| System +--------+ +--------+ System |
| X +--------+ +--------+ Y |
| | HIPPI | Cable | HIPPI | |
| | |<---------------------+ | |
| | Dest. | | Source | |
| +--------+ +--------+ |
| | | |
+----------+ +----------+
+------+-------------------------+------+
| Idle | Connected | Idle | . . .
+------+-------------------------+------+
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
|I-field| |Packet | |Packet | |Packet |
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
|Burst| |Burst|...|Burst|
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
+------------------------------------------------+
REQUEST---+ +----
+--------------------------------------------+
CONNECT---------+ +--
+---------------------------------------+
PACKET-------------+ +----
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
READY------------+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +--
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-----+
BURST--------------+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +--------
31 28 26 23 11 0
+-+---+-+-+---+-+-----------------------+-----------------------+
|L| |W|D|PS |C| Source Address | Destination Address |
+-+---+-+-+---+-+-----------------------+-----------------------+
11 5 0
+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| Switch Number | Port Number |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+
31 26 23 11 0
+---------+---+-+-----------------------+-----------------------+
|0 0 0 0 0|x 1|C| Unused | Destination Address |
+---------+---+-+-----------------------+-----------------------+
31 26 24 15 4 3 0
+---------+---+-+---------------+-----------------------+-------+
|0 0 0 0 0|x 1|C| Unused | Destination Address | Link |
+---------+---+-+---------------+-----------------------+-------+
request chain ------------------------>
UA -------------------v------------------- O
<----------------------- response chain
request chain -------------------------------------->
UA -----v----- A -----v----- B -----v----- C -----v----- O
<------------------------------------- response chain
request chain ---------->
UA -----v----- A -----v----- B - - - - - - C - - - - - - O
<--------- response chain
[resource]->[decoder]->[entity ]->[ SGML ]->[application]->[display]
[manager] [parser]
^ |
| |
+----------+
Global Internet
^
|
|
Back1-------------------Back2
| |
+-----------+ +----------+
| | | |
Reg1.1------Reg1.2 Reg2.1-----Reg2.2
| | | |
| | | |
Branch Branch Branch Branch
1.1.1 to 1.2.1 to 2.1.1 to 2.2.1 to
1.1.N 1.2.N 2.1.N 2.2.N
172.31.4.1/24 172.31.5.1/24
| |
| |
+-------------------------------------+
| Router 1 |
| |
| 10.1.0.1/16 |
| # |
+-------------------#-----------------+
| 172.31.1.1/24 # | 172.31.2.1/24
| # |
| # |
| # |
| # |
| # |
| # |
| 172.31.1.2/24 # | 172.31.2.2/24
+-------------------#-----------------+
| Router 2 |
| |
| 10.1.0.2/16 |
| |
+-------------------------------------+
| |
| |
172.31.5.1/24 172.31.6.1/24
| +------------+ +------------+ |
| | | | | |
| e0 | |s0 s0 | | |
|-------------| R1 |................| R2 |-------|
| 192.168.1.1 | 10.1.0.1/16| | 10.1.0.2/16| |
| /24 | | | | |
| +------------+ +------------+
DMZ +--------+ Peri-
|---| Public | meter
+-----------+ | | Hosts | | +-----------+
From | External | | +--------+ |---| Internal |
Internet...| Screening |---| +--------+ | | Screening |
| Router | |---| Bastion|------| | Router |....To
+-----------+ | | Host | | +-----------+ Internal
| +--------+ | +-----------+ Network
| +--------+ |---| Dialup |
|---| Split | | | Access |
| | DNS | | | Server |
| +--------+ | +-----------+
| 3 | 5 bits | n bits | 56-n bits | 64 bits |
+---+----------+------------+--------------+--------------------+
|010|RegistryID| ProviderID | SubscriberID | Intra-Subscriber |
+---+----------+------------+--------------+--------------------+
| 64 bits | 16 bits | 48 bits |
+--------------------------------+-----------+------------------+
| Subscriber Prefix | Subnet ID | Interface ID |
+--------------------------------+-----------+------------------+
| 3 | 5 bits | n bits | m bits | 56-n-m | 64 bits |
+---+----------+----------+----------+------------+----------------+
|010|RegistryID| National | Provider | Subscriber |Intra-Subscriber|
| | |RegistryID| ID | ID | |
+---+----------+----------+----------+------------+----------------+
+---+--------------------------+---+---------------+
| c ! | c ! protocolDir |
| n ! protocolDirID | n ! Parameters |
| t ! | t ! |
+---+--------------------------+---+---------------+
protocolDirID
+----------------------------------------+
| |
| 4 * N octets |
| |
+----------------------------------------+
protocolDirID protocolDirParameters
+---+--------+--------+--------+--------+---+---+---+---+---+
| c | proto | proto | proto | proto | c |par|par|par|par|
| n | base | L3 | L4 | L5 | n |ba-| L3| L4| L5|
| t |(+flags)| | | | t |se | | | |
+---+--------+--------+--------+--------+---+---+---+---+---+ subOID
| 1 | 4 or 8 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 |1/2| 1 | 1 | 1 | count
protocolDirID
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| proto | proto | proto | proto |
| base | L3 | L4 | L5 |
| | | | |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+ octet
| 4 or 8 | 4 | 4 | 4 | count
Fig. 2
base-identifier format
+---+---+---+---+
| | | | |
| f |op1|op2| m |
| | | | |
+---+---+---+---+ octet
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | count
GSS-API library defaults
|
|
V text, for
text --------------> internal_name (IN) -----------> display only
import_name() / display_name()
/
/
/
accept_sec_context() /
| /
| /
| / canonicalize_name()
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| |
V V <---------------------
single mechanism import_name() exported name: flat
internal_name (MN) binary "blob" usable
----------------------> for access control
export_name()
+- -+
| MTU - sizeof(IPv6_hdrs) - UDP_hdrlen - RIPng_hdrlen |
#RTEs = INT | --------------------------------------------------- |
| RTE_size |
+- -+
----- ----- ----- -----
|IR1| |IR2| |XR1| |XR2|
--+-- --+-- --+-- --+--
| | | |
--+-------+-------------+-------+--
|--------RIPng--------|
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
----------------
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0
|=======| |===|
| Leftmost Bits Repeated to Fill Open Bits
|
Original Bits
+--------+----~~----+---+--~~--+---+-----------+---+---+
| opc=1 | filename | 0 | mode | 0 | multicast | 0 | 0 |
+--------+----~~----+---+--~~--+---+-----------+---+---+
+-------+-----------+---+-------~~-------+---+
| opc | multicast | 0 | addr, port, mc | 0 |
+-------+-----------+---+-------~~-------+---+
-------------- --------- ---------
| RIP | | RIP | | SAP |
-------------- --------- ---------
| | |
-------------- | |
| UDP | | |
-------------- | |
| | |
-------------- ----------------
| IP | | IPX |
-------------- ----------------
| |
-------------------------------------------
| Circuit Manager |
-------------------------------------------
||||||||||
||||||||||
---------------------------
| Connection Oriented |
| WAN stack |
---------------------------
|___Net_Controller___|__________Messages__________|____Net_Member_B____|
|The Create Group |<---- Command-Create Group | |
|command is | | |
|received by net | | |
|member A. | | |
|State 1 | | |
| |Create Grp Keys_1----> | |
| | |State 2 |
| |<-----Create Grp Keys_2 | |
|State 2 | | |
| |Negotiate Grp Keys_1------> | |
| | |State 3 |
| |<-----Negotiate Grp Keys_2 | |
|State 4 | | |
Figure 1: State Diagram: Create Group Keys
|___Net_Controller___|__________Messages________|Net_members,individual|
| |Create Session KEK_1----> | |
| | |State 5 |
| |<-----Create Session KEK_2 | |
|State 5 | | |
| |Negotiate ess. Keys_1----->| |
| | |State 6 |
| |<-----NegotiateSess. Keys_2| |
|State 7 | | |
| |Download Grp Keys--------> | |
| | |State 8 |
| |<----- Key download ack | |
|State 9 | | |
Figure 2: State Diagram: Distribute Keys
|___Net_Controller___|__________Messages________|Net_members,individual|
|The Create Group |<---- Command-Create Group | |
|command is | | |
|received by net | | |
|member A. | | |
|State 1 | | |
| |Create Grp Keys_1----> | |
| | |State 2 |
| |<-----Create Grp Keys_2 | |
|State 2 | | |
| |Negotiate Grp Keys_1------>| |
| | |State 3 |
| |<-----Negotiate Grp Keys_2 | |
|State 4 | | |
| |Rekey _Multicast-------> | |
| | |State 10 |
Figure 3: State Diagram: Rekey
|___Net_Controller___|__________Messages________|Net_Members,individual|
| |<------ Request_Group_Join | |
|State 11 | | |
| |Create Session KEK_1----> | |
| | |State 5 |
| |<-----Create Session KEK_2 | |
|State 5 | | |
| |NegotiateSess. Keys_1----->| |
| | |State 6 |
| |<-----NegotiateSess. Keys_2| |
|State 7 | | |
| |Download Grp Keys--------> | |
| | |State 8 |
| |<----- Key download ack | |
|State 9 | | |
Figure 4: State Diagram: Member Join
|___Net_Controller___|__________Messages__________|_____Net_Members_____|
| |Delete_Group_Keys ------> | |
| | |State 12 |
| |<------ Grp_Keys_Deleted_Ack| |
|State 9 | | |
Figure 5: State Diagram: Cooperative Delete
|___Net_Controller___|__________Messages____________|_____Net_Members__|
| |Delete_Group_Keys ------> | |
| | |State 13 |
Figure 6: State Diagram: Hostile Delete
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| | | |
| PRECEDENCE | TYPE OF SERVICE | 0 |
| | | |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| | | |
| PRECEDENCE | TYPE OF SERVICE | 0 |
| | | |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
IP subnet X IP subnet Y IP subnet Z
<---------------------> <-----------------> <--------------------->
+-------+ Default +-------+ Default +-------+ Default +-------+
| | -VC | CSR 1 | -VC | CSR 2 | -VC | |
| Host +=============+ +===============+ +=============+ Host |
| X.1 +-------------+++++---------------+++++-------------+ Z.1 |
| +-------------+++++---------------+++++-------------+ |
| +-------------+++++---------------+++++-------------+ |
| |Dedicated | | Dedicated | |Dedicated | |
+-------+ -VCs +-------+ -VCs +-------+ -VCs +-------+
<--------------------------------------------------->
Bypass-pipe
Ether Ether ATM ATM Ether Ether
| | +-----+ +-----+ | |
| | | | | | | |
S1--| S2---| S3---| | | |---D3 |---D2 |--D1
| | | | | | | |
|---R1---|---R2---| |--R3--| |---R4---|---R5---|
| | | | | | | |
| | +-----+ +-----+ | |
subnet subnet subnet subnet subnet subnet
#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6
(Re-mapping location)
|
v
-----------------------------------------
| |Source | Home | Routers |
-----------------------------------------
(Assoc. |Centralized | A1 | X | X |
maint)-> ----------------------------------------
|Distributed | X | A2 | A3 |
----------------------------------------
+-----------+ +-----------+ +---------+
| Mainframe | | IP Router +- ppp -+ DLSw |
+--+--------+ +-----+-----+ | Work |
| | | Station |
| | +---------+
+--+--+ +-------------+ |
| FEP +- TR -+ DLSw Router +-- IP Backbone
+-----+ +-------------+ |
|
|
+-----------+ +---------+
| IP Router +- ppp -+ DLSw |
+-----+-----+ | Work |
| Station |
+---------+
| DLSw Session |
+-------------------------------+
Figure 2-1. Running DLSw on a large number of workstations creates a
scalability problem.
| DLSw Session | | DRAP Session |
+--------------+ +--------------+
Figure 2-2. DLSw Remote Access Protocol solves the scalability problem.
+-------------+-----------+-----------+
| DRAP Header | DRAP Data | User Data |
+-------------+-----------+-----------+
Figure 3-1. DRAP Frame Format
=============================
| | |
| | |
d1 d4 d7
/ \ |
/ \ |
d2 d3 d5
| |
| |
e1 d6
==================================
| | | |
| | | |
e1 d1 d4 d7
/ \ |
/ \ |
d2 d3 d5
|
|
d6
=============================
| | |
| | |
d1 d4 d7
/ \ |
/ \ |
d2 d3,e1 d5
|
|
d6
=============================
| | |
| | |
d1 d4 d7
/ \ |
/ \ |
d2 d3 d5
| |
| |
e1 d6
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|10010100|00000100| 2 octet value |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
+-----------+ +-----------+ +---------+
| Mainframe | | IP Router +- ppp -+ DLSw |
+--+--------+ +-----+-----+ | Work |
| | | Station |
| | +---------+
+--+--+ +-------------+ |
| FEP +- TR -+ DLSw Router +-- IP Backbone
+-----+ +-------------+ |
|
|
+-----------+ +---------+
| IP Router +- ppp -+ DLSw |
+-----+-----+ | Work |
| Station |
+---------+
| DLSw Session |
+-------------------------------+
Figure 2-1. Running DLSw on a large number of workstations creates a
scalability problem.
+-----------+ +--------+
| Mainframe | | DCAP |
+--+--------+ +-----+ Client |
| | +--------+
| ppp
| |
+--+--+ +--------+ +------+------+
| FEP +- TR -+ DLSw +-- IP Backbone --+ DLSw Router |
+-----+ | Router | | DCAP Server |
+--------+ +------+------+
|
ppp
| +--------+
+-----+ DCAP |
| Client |
+--------+
| DLSw Session | | DCAP Session |
+----------------------+ +--------------+
Figure 2-2. DLSw Client Access Protocol solves the scalability
problem.
+-------------+-----------+-----------+
| DCAP Header | DCAP Data | User Data |
+-------------+-----------+-----------+
Figure 3-1. DCAP Frame Format
TCP Session Up
<-------------
CAP_EXCHANGE (cmd)
<-------------
CAP_EXCHANGE (cmd)
------------->
CAP_EXCHANGE (rsp)
------------->
TEST(P) CAN_U_REACH
<-------- <-------------
TEST(F) I_CAN_REACH
--------> ------------->
START_DL
<-------------
DL_STARTED
------------->
XID(P) XID_FRAME
<-------- <-------------
XID(F) XID_FRAME
--------> ------------->
XID(P) XID_FRAME
<-------- <-------------
SABME CONTACT_STN
--------> ------------->
UA STN_CONTACTED
<-------- <-------------
I FRAME INFO_FRAME
<-------- <-------------
I FRAME INFO_FRAME
--------> ------------->
DISC HALT_DL
<-------- <-------------
UA DL_HALTED
--------> ------------->
CLOSE_PEER_REQ
<-------------
CLOSE_PEER_RSP
------------->
TCP session down
<-------------
IP (ipaddrEntry 1 ) IP (ipaddrEntry 2) IP (ipaddrEntry 3)
| | |
| | |
| | proprietary protocol
| | layer (ifIndex 3)
| | |
| | |
DLCI 20 DLCI 30 DLCI 40/41/42
(ifIndex 2) (ifIndex 2) (ifIndex 2,
logical ifIndex 3)
| | |
| | |
|____________________|_____________________|
|
|
FR DLMCI (ifIndex.2)
|
|
Physical Interface (ifIndex.1)
Object Meaning for Frame Relay Interface
______ _____________________________________
Implementation Name |Abbreviation | Page
======================================|================|======
A-Window-To-Directory |AWTD | 33
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
Critical Angle X.500 Enabler |CAXE | 35
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
cxdua |cxdua | 39
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
Cycle (tm) LiveData (tm) |Cycle | 41
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
DC X500 |DCX500 | 43
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
Directory Enquiries |DE | 52
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
Digital X.500 Directory Server |DXDS | 55
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
DIR.D(tm) V2.6 |DIR.D | 61
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
DIR.X(tm) V3.1 |DIR.X-3.1 | 64
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
DIR.X(tm) V4.0 |DIR.X-4.0 | 70
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
DIR.X-SYNC(tm) V2.0 |DIR.X-SYNC | 76
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
DX500 OpenDirectory(tm) |DX500 | 80
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
FORUM LOOK'UP(tm) |FORUM | 82
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
FX*500(tm) |FX*500 | 87
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
Global Directory Server |GDS | 95
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
i500 Enterprise Directory Server |i500 | 101
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
ISODE Rel. 3.0 X.500(1993) Directory |ISODE.r3 | 105
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
ISOPLEX DS (tm) DSA |ISOPLEX | 109
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
LDAP Implementation |LDAP | 113
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
maX.500 Macintosh DUA Interface |maX.500 | 117
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
Messageware DSA |MDSA | 120
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
Implementation Name |Abbreviation | Page
======================================|================|======
Messageware PC-DUA |MDUA | 124
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
NonStop Directory Services |NSDS | 127
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
ORG.D(tm) V2.0/V2.1 |ORG.D | 132
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
OSIAM X.500-88 |OSIAM-88 | 136
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
OSIAM X.500-93 |OSIAM-93 | 139
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
PMDF-X500 |PMDF | 145
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
TransIT500 |T500 | 149
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
waX.500 :: Windows Access to X.500 |waX.500 | 163
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
X500-DS |X500-DS | 165
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
X500-DUA |X500-DUA | 165
--------------------------------------|----------------|------
Set to | When | Applies to
-------------------------|------------------------------|------------
included Holdtime | adding oif off Join/Prune | (S,G) (*,G)
| | (*,*,RP)
Increased (only) to | When | Applies to
-------------------------|------------------------------|------------
included Holdtime | received Join/Prune | (S,G) (*,G)
| | (*,*,RP)
| |
Value of (*,*,RP) | (*,*,RP) oif-timer restarted | (S,G) (*,G)
oif-timer | |
| |
Value of (*,G) | (*,G) oif-timer restarted | (S,G)
oif-timer | |
Decreased (only) to | When | Applies to
-------------------------|------------------------------|------------
Oif-Deletion-Delay | prune received | (S,G) (*,G)
Set to | When | Applies to
----------------------|--------------------------|------------
[Data- Timeout] | created off data packet | (S,G)
| |
included Holdtime | created off Join/Prune | (S,G) (*,G)
(*,*,RP)
Increased (only) to | When | Applies to
----------------------|--------------------------|------------
[Data-Timeout] | receiving data packets | (S,G)no RPT-bit
| |
Value of oif-timer | any oif-timer restarted | (S,G)RPT-bit (*,G)
| | (*,*,RP)
| |
[Assert-Timeout] | assert received | (S,G)RPT-bit
| | (*,G)w/null oif
.
Etc. / \
/ \
/ o \
/ / \ \
Replicated / / \ \
Area --------------/--/-> \ \
/ / \ \
/ / \ \
/ / \ \
Subordinate /__/_____________\__\
knowledge--------/-> o o o \
/ / \ \
Prescriptive---/-> o o \
ACI Subentries/ \
Unit of Replication
# Rule specification file to tally IP packets in three groups:
# UA to AIT, UA to elsewhere, AIT to elsewhere
#
# -------+-------------------+-----------------+--------
# | | |
# +----+-----+ +----+-----+ +---+---+
# | UA | | AIT | | meter |
# +-+-+-+-+--+ +-+-+-+-+--+ +-------+
#
SourcePeerType & 255 = IP: PushtoAct, ip_pkt;
Null & 0 = 0: Ignore, 0;
#
ip_pkt:
v1 & 0 = SourcePeerAddress: AssignAct, Next;
Null & 0 = 0: Gosub, classify;
Null & 0 = 0: GotoAct, from_ua; # 1 ua
Null & 0 = 0: GotoAct, from_ait; # 2 ait
Null & 0 = 0: NoMatch, 0; # 3 other
#
from_ua:
v1 & 0 = DestPeerAddress: AssignAct, Next;
Null & 0 = 0: Gosub, classify;
Null & 0 = 0: Ignore, 0; # 1 ua-ua
Null & 0 = 0: GotoAct, ok_pkt; # 2 ua-ait
Null & 0 = 0: Gotoact, ok_pkt; # 3 ua-other
#
from_ait:
v1 & 0 = DestPeerAddress: AssignAct, Next;
Null & 0 = 0: Gosub, classify;
Null & 0 = 0: NoMatch, 0; # 1 ait-ua
Null & 0 = 0: Ignore, 0; # 2 ait-ait
Null & 0 = 0: GotoAct, ok_pkt; # 3 ait-other
#
ok_pkt:
Null & 0 = 0: Count, 0;
,--------------------. ,--------------------.
| FAS | | Switch |
| | | CCE |
`--+----+----+-------' `------+-----+----+--'
^ | ^ ^ | ^ | ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ | ^ | | ^ |
| | | | | | | | | AR | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | '--------------' | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | ARA | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | '------------------' | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | FUA | | | | | | |
| | | | | | `------------------------' | | | | | |
| | | | | | FUN | | | | | |
| | | | | `----------------------------' | | | | |
| | | | | FCR | | | | |
| | | | `----------------------------------' | | | |
| | | | FCA | | | |
| | | `--------------------------------------' | | |
| | | FAU | | |
| | '--------------------------------------------' | |
| | FAA | |
| `------------------------------------------------' |
| FAR |
`----------------------------------------------------'
Transport Service User
|
|-ISO Transport Service Definition [ISO8072]
|
+--------------------------------------------------+
| Transport Service Provider |
| ISO Transport Protocol Specification [ISO8073] |
+--------------------------------------------------+
|
|-ISO Network Service Definition [ISO8348]
|
Transport Service User
|
|-ISO Transport Service (modified)
|
+--------------------------------------------------+
| Transport Service Provider |
| ISO Transport Protocol (modified) Specification |
+--------------------------------------------------+
|
|-TCP as a Connection Oriented Network Service
|
+--------+--------+----------------+-----------....---------------+
|version |reserved| packet length | TPDU |
+----------------------------------------------....---------------+
<8 bits> <8 bits> < 16 bits > < variable length >
+---------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Proposed in CR TPDU | CC TPDU |
| | |
|Preferred class | Alternative class | Response |
+--------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
| | | |
|class 0 | none | class 0 |
| | | |
|class 2 | class 0 | class 2 or 0 |
| | | |
|class 2 | none | class 2 |
| | | |
+---------------------------------------------+----------------------+
+------+ +----+ +----+
|x25ple| |isdn| |isdn| Terminal Endpoints (X.25 or ISDN)
+--+---+ +-+--+ +-+--+
| | |
| +------+ | | | <== Interface to upper layers,
| | +------------+ | | to be provided by ifStack
| | | | | table
++-+-++ +-+-+ +-+-+
|lapd | D channel |ds0| |ds0| B channels
+--+--+ Data Link Layer +-+-+ +-+-+
| | |
+--+----------------------+------+--------------------+
| ds1 or isdns/isdnu |
+-----------------------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Network Layer Protocol |
+------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +------+
| | | | | | | | | | <== appears active
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
| PPP | | PPP | | F/R | | PPP | | F/R |
| for | | for | | for | | for | | for | ifEntry with
|Peer1| |Peer2| |switch |Peer3| |switch shadow PeerEntry
| | | | | A | | | | B |
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
| | | | <== some actually are
+--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+
| B | | B | | B | | B | | B |
|channel| |channel| |channel| |channel| |channel|
+--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+
| | | | | | | | | |
+------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +------+
| Basic/Primary Rate Interface |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Network Layer Protocol |
+------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +------+
| | | | | | | | | | <== appears active
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
| PPP | | PPP | | F/R | | PPP | | F/R |
| for | | for | | for | | for | | for | ifEntry with
|Peer1| |Peer2| |switch |Peer3| |switch shadow PeerEntry
| | | | | A | | | | B |
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
| | | | <== some actually are
+--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+
| B | | B | | B | | B | | B |
|channel| |channel| |channel| |channel| |channel|
+--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+
| | | | | | | | | |
+------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +------+
| Basic/Primary Rate Interface |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
+--+ Ethernet +--+ +-----+ +--+ +-----+ +--+ Ethernet +--+
|H1|----------|R1|---| ATM |---|R2|---| ATM |---|R3|----------|H2|
+--+ +--+ +-----+ +--+ +-----+ +--+ +--+
trigger pkt
|----------> trigger packet
|-------------> trigger packet
FANP |--------------> trigger pkt
<=============> FANP |----------->
<==============>
+--+ +--+
|R1|------------------------------|R2|
+--+ +--+
| PROPOSE |
|===============================>|
VCID | [VCID, target IP] |
negotiation | PROPOSE ACK |
|<===============================|
| [VCID] |
| |
| OFFER |
|===============================>|
Flow-ID | [VCID, flow-ID] |
notification | READY |
|<===============================|
| [VCID, flow-ID] |
| |
: : :
: : :
| READY |
|<===============================|
Dedicated-VC | [VCID, flow-ID] |
refresh | READY |
|<===============================|
| [VCID, flow-ID] |
+--+ +--+
|R1|------------------------------|R2|
+--+ +--+
| |
| REMOVE |
|================================>|
| [VCID] |
| |
| REMOVE ACK |
|<================================|
| [VCID] |
+--+ +--+
|R1|------------------------------|R2|
+--+ +--+
| ATM signaling |
| (release) |
|<===============================>|
| |
v v v
| | |
| Begins initialization |
| | |
| _____________/|\____________ |
|/DHCPDISCOVER | DHCPDISCOVER \|
| | |
Determines | Determines
configuration | configuration
| | |
|\ | ____________/ |
| \________ | /DHCPOFFER |
| DHCPOFFER\ |/ |
| \ | |
| Collects replies |
| \| |
| Selects configuration |
| | |
| _____________/|\____________ |
|/ DHCPREQUEST | DHCPREQUEST\ |
| | |
| | Commits configuration
| | |
| | _____________/|
| |/ DHCPACK |
| | |
| Initialization complete |
| | |
. . .
. . .
| | |
| Graceful shutdown |
| | |
| |\ ____________ |
| | DHCPRELEASE \|
| | |
| | Discards lease
| | |
v v v
Figure 3: Timeline diagram of messages exchanged between DHCP
client and servers when allocating a new network address
v v v
| | |
| Begins |
| initialization |
| | |
| /|\ |
| _________ __/ | \__________ |
| /DHCPREQU EST | DHCPREQUEST\ |
|/ | \|
| | |
Locates | Locates
configuration | configuration
| | |
|\ | /|
| \ | ___________/ |
| \ | / DHCPACK |
| \ _______ |/ |
| DHCPACK\ | |
| Initialization |
| complete |
| \| |
| | |
| (Subsequent |
| DHCPACKS |
| ignored) |
| | |
| | |
v v v
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| |INIT-REBOOT |SELECTING |RENEWING |REBINDING |
---------------------------------------------------------------------
|broad/unicast |broadcast |broadcast |unicast |broadcast |
|server-ip |MUST NOT |MUST |MUST NOT |MUST NOT |
|requested-ip |MUST |MUST |MUST NOT |MUST NOT |
|ciaddr |zero |zero |IP address |IP address|
---------------------------------------------------------------------
-------- -------
| | +-------------------------->| |<-------------------+
| INIT- | | +-------------------->| INIT | |
| REBOOT |DHCPNAK/ +---------->| |<---+ |
| |Restart| | ------- | |
-------- | DHCPNAK/ | | |
| Discard offer | -/Send DHCPDISCOVER |
-/Send DHCPREQUEST | | |
| | | DHCPACK v | |
----------- | (not accept.)/ ----------- | |
| | | Send DHCPDECLINE | | |
| REBOOTING | | | | SELECTING |<----+ |
| | | / | | |DHCPOFFER/ |
----------- | / ----------- | |Collect |
| | / | | | replies |
DHCPACK/ | / +----------------+ +-------+ |
Record lease, set| | v Select offer/ |
timers T1, T2 ------------ send DHCPREQUEST | |
| +----->| | DHCPNAK, Lease expired/ |
| | | REQUESTING | Halt network |
DHCPOFFER/ | | | |
Discard ------------ | |
| | | | ----------- |
| +--------+ DHCPACK/ | | |
| Record lease, set -----| REBINDING | |
| timers T1, T2 / | | |
| | DHCPACK/ ----------- |
| v Record lease, set ^ |
+----------------> ------- /timers T1,T2 | |
+----->| |<---+ | |
| | BOUND |<---+ | |
DHCPOFFER, DHCPACK, | | | T2 expires/ DHCPNAK/
DHCPNAK/Discard ------- | Broadcast Halt network
| | | | DHCPREQUEST |
+-------+ | DHCPACK/ | |
T1 expires/ Record lease, set | |
Send DHCPREQUEST timers T1, T2 | |
to leasing server | | |
| ---------- | |
| | |------------+ |
+->| RENEWING | |
| |----------------------------+
----------
Figure 5: State-transition diagram for DHCP clients
Code Len Subnet Mask
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 1 | 4 | m1 | m2 | m3 | m4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Time Offset
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 2 | 4 | n1 | n2 | n3 | n4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 3 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 4 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 5 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 6 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 7 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 8 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 9 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 10 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 11 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len Host Name
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 12 | n | h1 | h2 | h3 | h4 | h5 | h6 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len File Size
+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 13 | 2 | l1 | l2 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Dump File Pathname
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
| 14 | n | n1 | n2 | n3 | n4 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
Code Len Domain Name
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 15 | n | d1 | d2 | d3 | d4 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len Swap Server Address
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 16 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Root Disk Pathname
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
| 17 | n | n1 | n2 | n3 | n4 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
Code Len Extensions Pathname
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
| 18 | n | n1 | n2 | n3 | n4 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
Code Len Value
+-----+-----+-----+
| 19 | 1 | 0/1 |
+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Value
+-----+-----+-----+
| 20 | 1 | 0/1 |
+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Address 1 Mask 1
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 21 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | m1 | m2 | m3 | m4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Address 2 Mask 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
| a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | m1 | m2 | m3 | m4 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
Code Len Size
+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 22 | 2 | s1 | s2 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Timeout
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 24 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Size 1 Size 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
| 25 | n | s1 | s2 | s1 | s2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
Code Len MTU
+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 26 | 2 | m1 | m2 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Value
+-----+-----+-----+
| 27 | 1 | 0/1 |
+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Broadcast Address
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 28 | 4 | b1 | b2 | b3 | b4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Value
+-----+-----+-----+
| 29 | 1 | 0/1 |
+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Value
+-----+-----+-----+
| 30 | 1 | 0/1 |
+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Value
+-----+-----+-----+
| 31 | 1 | 0/1 |
+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Address
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 32 | 4 | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Destination 1 Router 1
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 33 | n | d1 | d2 | d3 | d4 | r1 | r2 | r3 | r4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Destination 2 Router 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
| d1 | d2 | d3 | d4 | r1 | r2 | r3 | r4 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
Code Len Value
+-----+-----+-----+
| 34 | 1 | 0/1 |
+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Time
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 35 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Value
+-----+-----+-----+
| 36 | 1 | 0/1 |
+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Time
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 38 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Value
+-----+-----+-----+
| 39 | 1 | 0/1 |
+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len NIS Domain Name
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
| 40 | n | n1 | n2 | n3 | n4 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 41 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 42 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len Vendor-specific information
+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
| 43 | n | i1 | i2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
Code Len Data item Code Len Data item Code
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| T1 | n | d1 | d2 | ... | T2 | n | D1 | D2 | ... | ... |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----
| 44 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | b1 | b2 | b3 | b4 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----
| 45 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | b1 | b2 | b3 | b4 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----
Code Len Node Type
+-----+-----+-----------+
| 46 | 1 | see above |
+-----+-----+-----------+
Code Len NetBIOS Scope
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----
| 47 | n | s1 | s2 | s3 | s4 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
| 48 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
| 49 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
Code Len NIS Client Domain Name
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
| 64 | n | n1 | n2 | n3 | n4 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 65 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len Home Agent Addresses (zero or more)
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 68 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 69 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 70 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 71 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 72 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 73 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 74 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 75 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 76 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len Address
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 50 | 4 | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Lease Time
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 51 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Value
+-----+-----+-----+
| 52 | 1 |1/2/3|
+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len TFTP server
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
| 66 | n | c1 | c2 | c3 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
Code Len Bootfile name
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
| 67 | n | c1 | c2 | c3 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
Code Len Address
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 54 | 4 | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Option Codes
+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
| 55 | n | c1 | c2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
Code Len Text
+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
| 56 | n | c1 | c2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
Code Len Length
+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 57 | 2 | l1 | l2 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len T1 Interval
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 58 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len T2 Interval
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 59 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Vendor class Identifier
+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
| 60 | n | i1 | i2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
Code Len Type Client-Identifier
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
| 61 | n | t1 | i1 | i2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
CRITERIA: | MODE A | MODE B
=========================+====================+===================
Definition: | Zone Key Off line | Zone Key On line
=========================+====================+===================
Server Workload | Low | High
-------------------------+--------------------+-------------------
Static Data Security | Very High | Medium-High
-------------------------+--------------------+-------------------
Dynamic Data Security | Medium | Medium-High
-------------------------+--------------------+-------------------
Key Restrictions | Fine grain | Coarse grain
-------------------------+--------------------+-------------------
Dynamic Data Temporality | Transient | Permanent
-------------------------+--------------------+-------------------
Dynamic Key Rollover | No | Yes
-------------------------+--------------------+-------------------
0 1 2 3
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| zone | strong | unique | general |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
0 1 2 3
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| mode | strong | unique | general |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
+------------------+-----------------------------------+
| SCSI header | IP datagram |
+------------------+-----------------------------------+
Leaders in Telecommunications Training and Education Worldwide
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
. (root)
|
+-----------------+-----------+--------+-----------------+...
| | | |
edu it us fr
| | | |
+---+---+... +-----+-----+... +-----+-----+... +--+---+...
| | | | | | | | | |
... ... cnr X42D infn va ca X42D X42D inria
| | | |
+------------+------------+... ... ... +----+-------+...
| | | | |
ADMD-PtPostel ADMD-garr ADMD-Master400 ADMD-atlas ADMD-red
| | | |
+----------+----+... ... +-------+------+... ...
| | | |
PRMD-infn PRMD-STET PRMD-Telecom PRMD-Renault
| | | |
... ... ... ...
parse single attribute
(enclosed in "." separators)
|
(yes) --- <label>$@ ? --- (no)
| |
map to <label> (no) <label>$<blank> ? (yes)
| | |
| map to <label>- map to <label>"b"
| | |
| map "\." to -d- |
| | |
| map "-" to -h- |
| | |
| map non A/N char to -<3digit>- |
restart | | |
^ | remove (if any) last "-" |
| | | |
| \-------> add a "." <--------------/
| |
\---------- take next attribute (if any)
parse single attribute
(enclosed in "." separators)
|
(yes) ---- <label> ? ---- (no)
| |
map to <label>$@ (no) <label>"b" ? (yes)
| | |
| map to <label>$ map to <label>$<blank>
| | |
| map -d- to "\." |
| | |
| map -h- to "-" |
| | |
| map -b- to " " |
restart | | |
^ | map -<3digit>- to non A/N char |
| | | |
| \--------> add a "." <----------/
| |
\------------- take next attribute (if any)
====== ___ ======
| | --------- __/ \__ --------- | |
| | __| _|_ |__ / IP \ __| _|_ |__ | |
====== | | | < Network > | | | ======
/______\ --------- \__ __/ --------- /______\
Origin Origin DLSw \___/ Target DLSw Target
Station partner partner Station
TEST_cmd DLC_RESOLVE_C CANUREACH_ex TEST_cmd
-----------> -----------> -----------> ---------->
TEST_rsp DLC_RESOLVE_R ICANREACH_ex TEST_rsp
<--------- <----------- <----------- <----------
null XID DLC_XID
-----------> ----------->
circuit_start
TCP Connection Setup
<------------->
Capabilities Exch.
<------------->
CANUREACH_cs DLC_START_DL
-----------> ----------->
resolve_pending
ICANREACH_cs DLC_DL_STARTED
<----------- <-------------
circuit_established circuit_pending
REACH_ACK
-----------> circuit_established
XIDFRAME DLC_XID null XID
-----------> ---------> -------->
XID DLC_XID XIDFRAME DLC_XID XID
<-------- <----------- <----------- <----------- <--------
XIDs DLC_XIDs XIDFRAMEs DLC_XIDs XIDs
<----------> <----------> <------------> <------------> <--------->
SABME DLC_CONTACTED CONTACT DLC_CONTACT SABME
-----------> -----------> -----------> -----------> -------->
connect_pending contact_pending
UA DLC_CONTACT CONTACTED DLC_CONTACTED UA
<--------- <----------- <----------- <----------- <--------
connected connected
IFRAMEs DLC_INFOs IFRAMEs DLC_INFOs IFRAMEs
<----------> <-----------> <------------> <------------> <-------->
====== ___ ======
| | --------- __/ \__ --------- | |
| | __| _|_ |__ / IP \ __| _|_ |__ | |
====== | | | < Network > | | | ======
/______\ --------- \__ __/ --------- /______\
Origin Origin DLSw \___/ Target DLSw Target
Station partner partner Station
NAME_QUERY DLC_DGRM NETBIOS_NQ_ex DLC_DGRM NAME_QUERY
-----------> -----------> -----------> -----------> --------->
NAME_RECOG DLC_DGRM NETBIOS_NR_ex DLC_DGRM NAME_RECOG
<----------- <------------ <----------- <----------- <---------
CANUREACH_cs DLC_START_DL
-----------> ----------->
resolve_pending
ICANREACH_cs DLC_DL_STARTED
<----------- <-----------
circuit_established circuit_pending
REACH_ACK
-----------> circuit_established
CONTACT DLC_CONTACT SABME
-----------> -----------> --------->
connect_pending contact_pending
UA DLC_CONTACT CONTACTED DLC_CONTACTED UA
<--------- <----------- <----------- <----------- <---------
connected connected
IFRAMEs DLC_INFOs IFRAMEs DLC_INFOs IFRAMEs
<------------> <------------> <------------> <------------> <-------->
------------------------------------------------------------------
| bb_high_layer_information |
------------------------------------------------------------------
| high_layer_information_type 3 (vendor-specific |
| application id.) |
| high_layer_information 00-60-D7 (EPFL OUI) |
| 01-00-00-01 (Arequipa) |
------------------------------------------------------------------
+------+ +------+
| Node +--------------------------------+ Node |
+------+ +------+
+--------+ +--------+
| Frame +----------------------+ Frame |
| Switch +--------+ +--------+ Switch |
+--+-----+ +-+----+-+ +--------+
| | Frame | +--------+
+--+-----+ | Switch | +--------+ | Frame |
| Frame | +-----+--+ | Frame +------+ Switch |
| Switch | +---------+ Switch | ++-------+
+-------++ +--------+ |
|________________________________________|
+----------+----------+----------+----------+
| | | | |
| Flag | Address | Control | Protocol |
| 01111110 | 8bits | 00000011 | 16 bits |
+----------+----------+----------+----------+
+-------------+------------+----------+-----------
| | | | Inter-frame
| Information | FCS | Flag | fill or next
| | 16/32 bits | 01111110 | address
+-------------+------------+----------+------------
+-------------+-+
| | | | | | | | |
| | node addr |1|
+-+-----------+-+
^ ^
| |
| +------- EA bit (always 1)
|
1 : broadcast, multicast
0 : unicast
+-------------+-+
| | | | | | | | |
| |port number|1|
+-+-----------+-+
^ ^
| |
| +------- EA bit (always 1)
|
1 : broadcast, multicast
0 : unicast
+-----------+------------+
I command I address I
+-----------+------------+
I<- 32bit ->I<- 32 bit ->I
---- address request ----> 0x01
0x03 <---- address assignment ----
+------+ +------+
| node +--------------------------------+ node |
+------+ +------+
0x01 <---- address request ----
---- address assignment ----> 0x03
---- address request ----> 0x01
+------+ --- address assignment --> 0x03
| +-------------->-----------------+
| node + |
| +--------------<-----------------+
+------+
Switch Number(variable length)
|
| +--- Port Number
| |
V V
|<->|<------->|
+-------------+-+
| | | | | | | | |
| | |1|
+-+-----------+-+
^ ^
| |
| +------- EA bit (always 1)
|
1 : broadcast, multicast
0 : unicast
The Last Update Expiration Garbage Collection
| | |
Routing V T T T V T T T V
Table +-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------X
Entry metric < 16 | metric = 16 |
----------------------->|---------------------->|
EXPIRATION_TIMER GC_TIMER
Stop Advertising
|
Advertised V
Metric -- metric <16 ------+-- metric = 16 -------X
0F 0D 0B 09 07 05 03 01 --- port number
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | --- 1: forward
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ 0: inhibit
First Update Last Update
| |
V T T T T T T T V
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---
A bit in
the routing 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
table ^ ^
<--------->| <--------->|
^ route up ^ route down
| |
FORWARD_DELAY PORT_EXPIRATION
+----------+---------------------+----------+
| | | |
| Flag | Address | Protocol |
| 01111110 | 16bits | 16 bits |
+----------+---------------------+----------+
+-------------+------------+----------+-----------
| | | | Inter-frame
| Information | FCS | Flag | fill or next
| | 16/32 bits | 01111110 | address
+-------------+------------+----------+------------
+-------------+-+-------------+-+
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | node addr |0| node addr |1|
+-+-----------+-+-------------+-+
^ ^ ^
| | |
| | +------- EA bit (always 1)
| +------- EA bit (always 0)
1 : broadcast, multicast
0 : unicast
* |RT1|RT2|
+---+Ia +---+ * ------------
|RT1|------|RT2| T RT1| | X |
+---+ Ib+---+ O RT2| X | |
* Ia| | X |
* Ib| X | |
**FROM**
+---+ *
|RT7| * |RT7| N3|
+---+ T ------------
| O RT7| | |
+----------------------+ * N3| X | |
N3 *
|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|
|1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 |8 |9 |10|11|12|N3|N6|N8|N9|
----- ---------------------------------------------
RT1| | | | | | | | | | | | |0 | | | |
RT2| | | | | | | | | | | | |0 | | | |
RT3| | | | | |6 | | | | | | |0 | | | |
RT4| | | | |8 | | | | | | | |0 | | | |
RT5| | | |8 | |6 |6 | | | | | | | | | |
RT6| | |8 | |7 | | | | |5 | | | | | | |
RT7| | | | |6 | | | | | | | | |0 | | |
* RT8| | | | | | | | | | | | | |0 | | |
* RT9| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |0 |
T RT10| | | | | |7 | | | | | | | |0 |0 | |
O RT11| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |0 |0 |
* RT12| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |0 |
* N1|3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
N2| |3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
N3|1 |1 |1 |1 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
N4| | |2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
N6| | | | | | |1 |1 | |1 | | | | | | |
N7| | | | | | | |4 | | | | | | | | |
N8| | | | | | | | | |3 |2 | | | | | |
N9| | | | | | | | |1 | |1 |1 | | | | |
N10| | | | | | | | | | | |2 | | | | |
N11| | | | | | | | |3 | | | | | | | |
N12| | | | |8 | |2 | | | | | | | | | |
N13| | | | |8 | | | | | | | | | | | |
N14| | | | |8 | | | | | | | | | | | |
N15| | | | | | |9 | | | | | | | | | |
H1| | | | | | | | | | | |10| | | | |
|RT12|N9|N10|H1| |RT9|RT11|RT12|N9|
* -------------------- * ----------------------
* RT12| | | | | * RT9| | | |0 |
T N9|1 | | | | T RT11| | | |0 |
O N10|2 | | | | O RT12| | | |0 |
* H1|10 | | | | * N9| | | | |
* *
RT12's router-LSA N9's network-LSA
RT6(origin)
RT5 o------------o-----------o Ib
/|\ 6 |\ 7
8/8|8\ | \
/ | \ 6| \
o | o | \7
N12 o N14 | \
N13 2 | \
N4 o-----o RT3 \
/ \ 5
1/ RT10 o-------o Ia
/ |\
RT4 o-----o N3 3| \1
/| | \ N6 RT7
/ | N8 o o---------o
/ | | | /|
RT2 o o RT1 | | 2/ |9
/ | | |RT8 / |
/3 |3 RT11 o o o o
/ | | | N12 N15
N2 o o N1 1| |4
| |
N9 o o N7
/|
/ |
N11 RT9 / |RT12
o--------o-------o o--------o H1
3 | 10
|2
|
o N10
Destination Next Hop Distance
__________________________________
N1 RT3 10
N2 RT3 10
N3 RT3 7
N4 RT3 8
Ib * 7
Ia RT10 12
N6 RT10 8
N7 RT10 12
N8 RT10 10
N9 RT10 11
N10 RT10 13
N11 RT10 14
H1 RT10 21
__________________________________
RT5 RT5 6
RT7 RT10 8
Destination Next Hop Distance
__________________________________
N12 RT10 10
N13 RT5 14
N14 RT5 14
N15 RT10 17
...........................
. + .
. | 3+---+ . N12 N14
. N1|--|RT1|\ 1 . \ N13 /
. | +---+ \ . 8\ |8/8
. + \ ____ . \|/
. / \ 1+---+8 8+---+6
. * N3 *---|RT4|------|RT5|--------+
. \____/ +---+ +---+ |
. + / \ . |7 |
. | 3+---+ / \ . | |
. N2|--|RT2|/1 1\ . |6 |
. | +---+ +---+8 6+---+ |
. + |RT3|------|RT6| |
. +---+ +---+ |
. 2/ . Ia|7 |
. / . | |
. +---------+ . | |
.Area 1 N4 . | |
........................... | |
.......................... | |
. N11 . | |
. +---------+ . | |
. | . | | N12
. |3 . Ib|5 |6 2/
. +---+ . +----+ +---+/
. |RT9| . .........|RT10|.....|RT7|---N15.
. +---+ . . +----+ +---+ 9 .
. |1 . . + /3 1\ |1 .
. _|__ . . | / \ __|_ .
. / \ 1+----+2 |/ \ / \ .
. * N9 *------|RT11|----| * N6 * .
. \____/ +----+ | \____/ .
. | . . | | .
. |1 . . + |1 .
. +--+ 10+----+ . . N8 +---+ .
. |H1|-----|RT12| . . |RT8| .
. +--+SLIP +----+ . . +---+ .
. |2 . . |4 .
. | . . | .
. +---------+ . . +--------+ .
. N10 . . N7 .
. . .Area 2 .
.Area 3 . ................................
..........................
Network RT3 adv. RT4 adv.
_____________________________
N1 4 4
N2 4 4
N3 1 1
N4 2 3
|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|
|1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |7 |N3|
----- -------------------
RT1| | | | | | |0 |
RT2| | | | | | |0 |
RT3| | | | | | |0 |
* RT4| | | | | | |0 |
* RT5| | |14|8 | | | |
T RT7| | |20|14| | | |
O N1|3 | | | | | | |
* N2| |3 | | | | | |
* N3|1 |1 |1 |1 | | | |
N4| | |2 | | | | |
Ia,Ib| | |20|27| | | |
N6| | |16|15| | | |
N7| | |20|19| | | |
N8| | |18|18| | | |
N9-N11,H1| | |29|36| | | |
N12| | | | |8 |2 | |
N13| | | | |8 | | |
N14| | | | |8 | | |
N15| | | | | |9 | |
|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT
|3 |4 |5 |6 |7 |10|11|
------------------------
RT3| | | |6 | | | |
RT4| | |8 | | | | |
RT5| |8 | |6 |6 | | |
RT6|8 | |7 | | |5 | |
RT7| | |6 | | | | |
* RT10| | | |7 | | |2 |
* RT11| | | | | |3 | |
T N1|4 |4 | | | | | |
O N2|4 |4 | | | | | |
* N3|1 |1 | | | | | |
* N4|2 |3 | | | | | |
Ia| | | | | |5 | |
Ib| | | |7 | | | |
N6| | | | |1 |1 |3 |
N7| | | | |5 |5 |7 |
N8| | | | |4 |3 |2 |
N9-N11,H1| | | | | | |11|
N12| | |8 | |2 | | |
N13| | |8 | | | | |
N14| | |8 | | | | |
N15| | | | |9 | | |
dist from dist from
RT3 RT4
__________________________________
to RT3 * 21
to RT4 22 *
to RT7 20 14
to RT10 15 22
to RT11 18 25
__________________________________
to Ia 20 27
to Ib 15 22
__________________________________
to RT5 14 8
to RT7 20 14
Destination RT3 adv. RT4 adv.
_________________________________
Ia,Ib 20 27
N6 16 15
N7 20 19
N8 18 18
N9-N11,H1 29 36
_________________________________
RT5 14 8
RT7 20 14
Network address IP address mask Subnet size
_______________________________________________
128.185.16.0 0xfffff000 4K
128.185.1.0 0xffffff00 256
128.185.0.8 0xfffffff8 8
LS LSA LSA description
type name
________________________________________________________
1 Router-LSAs Originated by all routers.
This LSA describes
the collected states of the
router's interfaces to an
area. Flooded throughout a
single area only.
________________________________________________________
2 Network-LSAs Originated for broadcast
and NBMA networks by
the Designated Router. This
LSA contains the
list of routers connected
to the network. Flooded
throughout a single area only.
________________________________________________________
3,4 Summary-LSAs Originated by area border
routers, and flooded through-
out the LSA's associated
area. Each summary-LSA
describes a route to a
destination outside the area,
yet still inside the AS
(i.e., an inter-area route).
Type 3 summary-LSAs describe
routes to networks. Type 4
summary-LSAs describe
routes to AS boundary routers.
________________________________________________________
5 AS-external-LSAs Originated by AS boundary
routers, and flooded through-
out the AS. Each
AS-external-LSA describes
a route to a destination in
another Autonomous System.
Default routes for the AS can
also be described by
AS-external-LSAs.
+----+
|RT10|------+
+----+ \+-------------+
/ \ |Routing Table|
/ \ +-------------+
/ \
+------+ / \ +--------+
|Area 2|---+ +---|Backbone|
+------+***********+ +--------+
/ \ * / \
/ \ * / \
+---------+ +---------+ +------------+ +------------+
|Interface| |Interface| |Virtual Link| |Interface Ib|
| to N6 | | to N8 | | to RT11 | +------------+
+---------+ +---------+ +------------+ |
/ \ | | |
/ \ | | |
+--------+ +--------+ | +-------------+ +------------+
|Neighbor| |Neighbor| | |Neighbor RT11| |Neighbor RT6|
| RT8 | | RT7 | | +-------------+ +------------+
+--------+ +--------+ |
|
+-------------+
|Neighbor RT11|
+-------------+
+---+ +---+
|RT1|------------|RT2| o---------------o
+---+ N1 +---+ RT1 RT2
Type Packet name detailed section (transmit)
_________________________________________________________
1 Hello Section 9.5
2 Database description Section 10.8
3 Link state request Section 10.9
4 Link state update Section 13.3
5 Link state ack Section 13.5
Type Packet name detailed section (receive)
________________________________________________________
1 Hello Section 10.5
2 Database description Section 10.6
3 Link state request Section 10.7
4 Link state update Section 13
5 Link state ack Section 13.7
+----+ UnloopInd +--------+
|Down|<--------------|Loopback|
+----+ +--------+
|
|InterfaceUp
+-------+ | +--------------+
|Waiting|<-+-------------->|Point-to-point|
+-------+ +--------------+
|
WaitTimer|BackupSeen
|
|
| NeighborChange
+------+ +-+<---------------- +-------+
|Backup|<----------|?|----------------->|DROther|
+------+---------->+-+<-----+ +-------+
Neighbor | |
Change | |Neighbor
| |Change
| +--+
+---->|DR|
+--+
+-------+
|ExStart|
+-------+
|
NegotiationDone|
+->+--------+
|Exchange|
+--+--------+
|
Exchange|
Done |
+----+ | +-------+
|Full|<---------+----->|Loading|
+----+<-+ +-------+
| LoadingDone |
+------------------+
Down Down
Hello(DR=0,seen=0)
------------------------------>
Hello (DR=RT2,seen=RT1,...) Init
<------------------------------
ExStart D-D (Seq=x,I,M,Master)
------------------------------>
D-D (Seq=y,I,M,Master) ExStart
<------------------------------
Exchange D-D (Seq=y,M,Slave)
------------------------------>
D-D (Seq=y+1,M,Master) Exchange
<------------------------------
D-D (Seq=y+1,M,Slave)
------------------------------>
...
...
...
D-D (Seq=y+n, Master)
<------------------------------
D-D (Seq=y+n, Slave)
Loading ------------------------------>
LS Request Full
------------------------------>
LS Update
<------------------------------
LS Request
------------------------------>
LS Update
<------------------------------
Full
Type Dest Area Path Type Cost Next Adv.
Hop(s) Router(s)
____________________________________________________________
N N1 0 intra-area 10 RT3 *
N N2 0 intra-area 10 RT3 *
N N3 0 intra-area 7 RT3 *
N N4 0 intra-area 8 RT3 *
N Ib 0 intra-area 7 * *
N Ia 0 intra-area 12 RT10 *
N N6 0 intra-area 8 RT10 *
N N7 0 intra-area 12 RT10 *
N N8 0 intra-area 10 RT10 *
N N9 0 intra-area 11 RT10 *
N N10 0 intra-area 13 RT10 *
N N11 0 intra-area 14 RT10 *
N H1 0 intra-area 21 RT10 *
R RT5 0 intra-area 6 RT5 *
R RT7 0 intra-area 8 RT10 *
____________________________________________________________
N N12 * type 1 ext. 10 RT10 RT7
N N13 * type 1 ext. 14 RT5 RT5
N N14 * type 1 ext. 14 RT5 RT5
N N15 * type 1 ext. 17 RT10 RT7
Type Dest Area Path Type Cost Next Adv.
Hops(s) Router(s)
__________________________________________________________________
N N1 1 intra-area 4 RT1 *
N N2 1 intra-area 4 RT2 *
N N3 1 intra-area 1 * *
N N4 1 intra-area 3 RT3 *
R RT3 1 intra-area 1 * *
__________________________________________________________________
N Ib 0 intra-area 22 RT5 *
N Ia 0 intra-area 27 RT5 *
R RT3 0 intra-area 21 RT5 *
R RT5 0 intra-area 8 * *
R RT7 0 intra-area 14 RT5 *
R RT10 0 intra-area 22 RT5 *
R RT11 0 intra-area 25 RT5 *
__________________________________________________________________
N N6 0 inter-area 15 RT5 RT7
N N7 0 inter-area 19 RT5 RT7
N N8 0 inter-area 18 RT5 RT7
N N9-N11,H1 0 inter-area 36 RT5 RT11
__________________________________________________________________
N N12 * type 1 ext. 16 RT5 RT5,RT7
N N13 * type 1 ext. 16 RT5 RT5
N N14 * type 1 ext. 16 RT5 RT5
N N15 * type 1 ext. 23 RT5 RT7
Type Dest Area Path Type Cost Next Adv.
Hop(s) Router(s)
________________________________________________________________
N Ib 0 intra-area 16 RT3 *
N Ia 0 intra-area 21 RT3 *
R RT3 0 intra-area 1 * *
R RT10 0 intra-area 16 RT3 *
R RT11 0 intra-area 19 RT3 *
________________________________________________________________
N N9-N11,H1 0 inter-area 30 RT3 RT11
OSPF encoding RFC 1349 TOS values
___________________________________________
0 0000 normal service
2 0001 minimize monetary cost
4 0010 maximize reliability
6 0011
8 0100 maximize throughput
10 0101
12 0110
14 0111
16 1000 minimize delay
18 1001
20 1010
22 1011
24 1100
26 1101
28 1110
30 1111
....................................
. 192.1.2 Area 1 .
. + .
. | .
. | 3+---+1 .
. N1 |--|RT1|-----+ .
. | +---+ \ .
. | \ _______N3 .
. + \/ \ . 1+---+
. * 192.1.1 *------|RT4|
. + /\_______/ . +---+
. | / | .
. | 3+---+1 / | .
. N2 |--|RT2|-----+ 1| .
. | +---+ +---+8 . 6+---+
. | |RT3|----------------|RT6|
. + +---+ . +---+
. 192.1.3 |2 . 18.10.0.6|7
. | . |
. +------------+ .
. 192.1.4 (N4) .
....................................
Link type Description Link ID
__________________________________________________
1 Point-to-point Neighbor Router ID
link
2 Link to transit Interface address of
network Designated Router
3 Link to stub IP network number
network
4 Virtual link Neighbor Router ID
. Area 1 (transit) . +
. . |
. +---+1 1+---+100 |
. |RT2|----------|RT4|=========|
. 1/+---+********* +---+ |
. /******* . |
. 1/*Virtual . |
1+---+/* Link . Net|work
=======|RT1|* . | N1
+---+\ . |
. \ . |
. \ . |
. 1\+---+1 1+---+20 |
. |RT3|----------|RT5|=========|
. +---+ +---+ |
. . |
........................ +
+------------------------------------+
| * | * | DC | EA | N/P | MC | E | * |
+------------------------------------+
LS Type Description
___________________________________
1 Router-LSAs
2 Network-LSAs
3 Summary-LSAs (IP network)
4 Summary-LSAs (ASBR)
5 AS-external-LSAs
-----------------+------------------+--------------------------
Host A | Host B | Result
-----------------+------------------+--------------------------
v4-compat. addr. | v4-compat. addr. | host to host tunneling
no local v6 rtr. | no local v6 rtr. | in both directions
-----------------+------------------+--------------------------
v4-compat. addr. | v4-compat. addr. | A->B: host to host tunnel
no local v6 rtr. | local v6 rtr. | B->A: v6 forwarding plus
| | rtr->host tunnel
-----------------+------------------+--------------------------
v4-compat. addr. | incompat. addr. | A->B: host to rtr tunnel
no local v6 rtr. | local v6 rtr. | plus v6 forwarding
| | B->A: v6 forwarding plus
| | rtr to host tunnel
-----------------+------------------+--------------------------
v4-compat. addr. | v4-compat. addr. | end to end native v6
local v6 rtr. | local v6 rtr. | in both directions
-----------------+------------------+--------------------------
v4-compat. addr. | incompat. addr. | end to end native v6
local v6 rtr. | local v6 rtr. | in both directions
-----------------+------------------+--------------------------
incompat. addr. | incompat. addr. | end to end native v6
local v6 rtr. | local v6 rtr. | in both directions
-----------------+------------------+--------------------------
......................... .......................
. . . .
. h1 . . |-h2 .
. | . . | .
. H3---R1--------R2---------------r5----r9----+ .
. | | . . | |-H7 .
. | | . . | .
. | | . . | .
. H4---R3--------R4---------------r6----r8-----H8 .
. . . .
......................... .......................
Region A (Dual Routers) Region B (IPv4-only Rtrs)
T H E I N T E R N E T
===========================
| ||
| ||
| ||
| ||
| +----------------------+
| | |
| | PARENT |
| | CACHE |
| | |
| +----------------------+
| ||
DIRECT ||
RETRIEVALS ||
| ||
| HITS
| AND
| MISSES
| RESOLVED
| ||
| ||
| ||
V \/
+------------------+ +------------------+
| | | |
| LOCAL |/--------HITS-------| SIBLING |
| CACHE |\------RESOLVED-----| CACHE |
| | | |
+------------------+ +------------------+
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
V V V V V
===================
CACHE CLIENTS
ESROS ------------------- ------------------- ESROS
User | Layer above ESROS | | Layer above ESROS | User
(Invoker) | | | | (Performer)
------------------- -------------------
^ | | ^
| | | |
v | | v
ESROS ------------------- ------------------- ESROS
Provider | ESROS | | ESROS | Provider
------------------- -------------------
| |
| |
| |
------------------- -------------------
| UDP | | UDP |
------------------- -------------------
_ _/
_ _/
_ . _/
_ . .* . _/
. * .* .
* . *
Invoker Performer
ESRO SAP ESRO SAP
| |
| |
ESROS-INVOKE.req. | | ESROS-INVOKE.ind.
-------->-----------| |-------->---------
| |
ESROS-INVOKE-P.conf.| |
--------<-----------| |
| |
| |
| |
ESROS-RESULT.ind. | | ESROS-RESULT.req.
--------<-----------| |--------<---------
| |
| | ESROS-RESULT.conf.
| |-------->---------
| |
| |
ESROS-ERROR.ind. | | ESROS-ERROR.req.
--------<-----------| |--------<---------
| |
| | ESROS-ERROR.conf.
| |-------->---------
| |
| |
| |
| |
ESROS-FAILURE.ind. | | ESROS-FAILURE.ind.
--------<-----------| |-------->---------
| |
_____________________________________________
| ESRO Service |Type |
|________________|__________________________|
| ESROS-INVOKE |Non-confirmed |
| ESROS-INVOKE-P |Provider-initiated |
| ESROS-RESULT |Confirmed / Non-confirmed |
| ESROS-ERROR |Confirmed / Non-confirmed |
| ESROS-FAILURE |Provider initiated |
|________________|__________________________|
____________________________________________________________
| Primitive |Parameters |
|--------------------------+-------------------------------|
| |Operation-value |
| |Performer-address |
| ESROS-INVOKE.request |Invoke-argument-encoding-type |
| |Invoke-argument |
|--------------------------+-------------------------------|
| |Operation-value |
| |Invoker-address |
| ESROS-INVOKE.indication |Invoke-argument-encoding-type |
| |Invoke-argument |
| |Invoke-ID |
|--------------------------+-------------------------------|
| ESROS-INVOKE-P.confirm |Invoke-ID |
|==========================================================|
| | |
| |Result-argument-encoding-type |
| ESROS-RESULT.request |Result-argument |
| |Invoke-ID |
|--------------------------+-------------------------------|
| |Result-argument-encoding-type |
| ESROS-RESULT.indication |Result-argument |
| |Invoke-ID |
|--------------------------+-------------------------------|
| ESROS-RESULT.confirm |Invoke-ID |
|==========================================================|
| | |
| |Error-value |
| |Error-argument-encoding-type |
| ESROS-ERROR.request |Error-argument |
|--------------------------+-------------------------------|
| |Error-value |
| |Error-argument-encoding-type |
| ESROS-ERROR.indication |Error-argument |
| |Invoke-ID |
|--------------------------+-------------------------------|
| ESROS-ERROR.confirm |Invoke-ID |
|==========================================================|
| | |
| |Failure-value |
| ESROS-FAILURE.indication |Invoke-ID |
|__________________________|_______________________________|
______________________________________________________________
|Service Mode |Performer |Invoker |
|--------------------+-------------------+-------------------|
|Acknowledged Result |RESULT.confirm |RESULT.indication |
| |-------------------+-------------------|
| |FAILURE.indication |RESULT.indication |
| | (protocol) | |
| |-------------------+-------------------|
| |FAILURE.indication |FAILURE.indication |
| | (protocol) | (protocol) |
|____________________|___________________|___________________|
__________________________________________________________________
|Service Mode |Performer |Invoker |
|------------------------+--------------------+-------------------|
|Non-acknowledged Result |RESULT.confirm |RESULT.indication |
| +--------------------+-------------------|
| |RESULT.confirm |FAILURE.indication |
| | | (protocol) |
| +--------------------+-------------------|
| |FAILURE.indication | |
| |(protocol) | |
| |does not |--- |
| |exist | |
|________________________|____________________|___________________|
Invoker Performer
ESROS AP ESROS AP
| |
| |
ESROS-INVOKE.req. | | ESROS-INVOKE.ind.
-------->-----------| |-------->---------
| |
ESROS-INVOKE-P.conf.| |
--------<-----------| |
| |
ESROS-FAILURE.ind. | |
--------<-----------| |
| |
_____________________________________________________________
| Primitive |Parameters |
|__________________________|_________________________________|
| |Operation-value |
| |Performer-address |
| ESROS-INVOKE.request |Invoke-argument-encoding-type |
| |Invoke-argument |
|__________________________|_________________________________|
| |Operation-value |
| |Invoker-address |
| |Invoke-argument-encoding-type |
| ESROS-INVOKE.indication |Invoke-argument |
| |Invoke-ID |
|__________________________|_________________________________|
| ESROS-INVOKE-P.confirm |Invoke-ID |
| |Failure-value |
|__________________________|_________________________________|
| ESROS-FAILURE.indication |Invoke-ID |
|__________________________|_________________________________|
Invoker Performer
ESROS AP ESROS AP
| |
| |
ESROS-RESULT.ind. | | ESROS-RESULT.req.
--------<-----------| |--------<---------
| |
| | ESROS-RESULT.conf.
| |-------->---------
| |
| | ESROS-FAILURE.ind.
| |-------->---------
| |
______________________________________________________________
| Primitive |Parameters |
|__________________________|_________________________________|
| |Result-argument-encoding-type |
| |Result-argument |
| ESROS-RESULT.request |Invoke-ID |
|__________________________|_________________________________|
| | |
| |Result-argument-encoding-type |
| |Result-argument |
| ESROS-RESULT.indication |Invoke-ID |
|__________________________|_________________________________|
| | |
| ESROS-RESULT.confirm |Invoke-ID |
| |Failure-value |
| | |
|__________________________|_________________________________|
| ESROS-FAILURE.indication |Invoke-ID |
|__________________________|_________________________________|
Invoker Performer
ESROS AP ESROS AP
| |
| |
ESROS-ERROR.ind. | | ESROS-ERROR.req.
--------<-----------| |--------<---------
| |
| | ESROS-ERROR.conf.
| |-------->---------
| |
| | ESROS-FAILURE.ind.
| |-------->---------
________________________________________________________
| Primitive |Parameters |
|__________________________|____________________________|
| |Error-value |
| |Error-argument-encoding-type|
| ESROS-ERROR.request |Error-argument |
|__________________________|____________________________|
| | |
| |Error-value |
| |Error-argument-encoding-type|
| ESROS-ERROR.indication |Error-argument |
| |Invoke-ID |
| | |
|__________________________|____________________________|
| ESROS-ERROR.confirm |Invoke-ID |
| |Failure-value |
| | |
|__________________________|____________________________|
| ESROS-FAILURE.indication |Invoke-ID |
|__________________________|____________________________|
Invoker Performer
ESROS AP ESROS AP
| |
| |
ESROS-FAILURE.ind. | |
--------<-----------| |
| |
| | ESROS-FAILURE.ind.
| |--------->---------
| |
_____________________________________________
| Primitive |Parameters |
|__________________________|_________________|
| |Failure-value |
| ESROS-FAILURE.indication |Invoke-ID |
|__________________________|_________________|
_________________________________________
| Failure Value |Meaning |
|_______________|________________________|
| 0 |Transmission failure |
| 1 |Out of local resources |
| 2 |User not responding |
| 3 |Out of remote resources |
| 4 |Reassembly failure |
|_______________|________________________|
______________________________________________________
|From Idle to: |Event |
|___________________________________|_________________|
|CL-Invoker Transition Diagram |ESRO-INVOKE.req |
| 2-way Handshake (Connectionless) | |
|___________________________________|_________________|
|CL-Invoker Transition Diagram |ESRO-INVOKE.req |
| 3-way Handshake (Connectionless) | |
|___________________________________|_________________|
|CL-Performer Transition Diagram |INVOKE-PDU |
| 3-way Handshake (Connectionless) | |
|___________________________________|_________________|
|CL-Performer Transition Diagram |INVOKE-PDU |
| 2-way Handshake (Connectionless) | |
|___________________________________|_________________|
_______________________________________________________________
| State |STA01 |STA02 |STA03 |STA04 |
| |CL Invoker|Invoke PDU |ACK-PDU |Invoker |
|Event |Start |Send |Send |RefNu Wait|
|-----------------+----------+-----------+---------+----------+
|U: INVOKE.request|(1) STA02 | | | |
|-----------------+----------+-----------+---------+----------+
|T: INVOKE PDU | |(2) STA02 | | |
| Retransmit | | | | |
|-----------------+----------+-----------+---------+----------+
|T: Last Timer | |(3) STA04 | | |
|-----------------+----------+-----------+---------+----------+
|P: Result-PDU | | | |(9) STA04 |
|-----------------+----------+-----------+---------+----------+
|P: Failure-PDU | |(5) STA04 | | |
|-----------------+----------+-----------+---------+----------+
|P: ACK-PDU | |(6) STA02 | | |
| (Hold On) | | | | |
|-----------------+----------+-----------+---------+----------+
|P: Duplicate | | |(7) STA03| |
| Result-PDU | | | | |
|-----------------+----------+-----------+---------+----------+
|T: RefNu Timer | | | |(8) STA01 |
|-----------------+----------+-----------+---------+----------+
|P: Result-PDU | |(4) STA03 | | |
|-----------------+----------+-----------+---------+----------+
|T: Inactivity | | |(10) | |
| Timer | | |STA04 | |
|_________________|__________|___________|_________|__________|
____________________________________________________________________
| State |STA01 |STA02 |STA03 |STA04 |
| |CL Performer |Invoke PDU |ACK-PDU |Performer |
|Event |Start |Received |Wait |RefNu Wait |
|-----------------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----------|
|P: Invoke-PDU |(1) STA02 | | | |
|-----------------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----------|
|U: RESULT.req. | |(2) STA03 | | |
|-----------------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----------|
|P: ACK-PDU | | |(3) STA04 | |
|-----------------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----------|
|P: Invoke-PDU | |(4) STA02 |(6) STA03 |(7) STA04 |
| Duplicate | | | | |
|-----------------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----------|
|T: Result-PDU | | |(5) STA03 | |
| Retransmission | | | | |
| Timer | | | | |
|-----------------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----------|
|I: Failure | |(8) STA01 | | |
|-----------------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----------|
|T: Last Time | | |(9) STA04 | |
|-----------------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----------|
|T: RefNu Timer | | | |(10) STA01 |
|-----------------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----------|
|P: ACK-PDU | | | |(11) STA04 |
| Duplicate | | | | |
|-----------------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----------|
|U/P: Hold On ACK | |(12) STA02 | | |
____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
| State |STA01 |STA02 |STA03 |
| |2-Way HS |Invoke PDU |Invoker |
| |CL Invoker |Send |RefNu Wait|
|Event |Start | | |
|-------------------------+-----------+-----------+----------|
|U: INVOKE.req. |(1) STA02 | | |
|-------------------------+-----------+-----------+----------|
|T: Invoke PDU Retransmit | |(2) STA02 | |
|-------------------------+-----------+-----------+----------|
|T: Last Timer | |(3) STA03 | |
|-------------------------+-----------+-----------+----------|
|P: Result/Error PDU | |(4) STA03 | |
|-------------------------+-----------+-----------+----------|
|P: Failure-PDU | |(5) STA03 | |
|-------------------------+-----------+-----------+----------|
|P: Duplicate Result PDU | | |(6) STA03 |
|-------------------------+-----------+-----------+----------|
|T: RefNu Timer | | |(7) STA01 |
|_________________________|___________|___________|__________|
___________________________________________________________________
| State |STA01 |STA02 |STA03 |STA04 |
| |2-Way HS CL|Invoke PDU|Result PDU|Performer |
|Event |Performer |Received |Retransmit|RefNu Wait |
| |Start | | | |
|-------------------+-----------+----------+----------+-----------|
|P: Invoke-PDU |(1) STA02 | | | |
|-------------------+-----------+----------+----------+-----------|
|P: Invoke-PDU | |(2) STA02 |(5) STA03 |(7) STA04 |
| Duplicate | | | | |
|-------------------+-----------+----------+----------+-----------|
|U: RESULT.req. | |(3) STA03 | | |
|-------------------+-----------+----------+----------+-----------|
|I: Failure | |(4) STA01 | | |
|-------------------+-----------+----------+----------+-----------|
|T: Inactivity Timer| | |(6) STA04 | |
|-------------------+-----------+----------+----------+-----------|
|T: RefNu Timer | | | |(8) STA01 |
___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________
| PDU Name |PDU Type Code |
_______________________________________
| ESRO-INVOKE |0 |
| ESRO-RESULT |1 |
| ESRO-ERROR |2 |
| ESRO-ACK |3 |
| ESRO-FAILURE |4 |
| ESRO-SEGMENTED-INVOKE |5 |
_______________________________________
__________________________________________________________
|Bit |8 | 7 |6 |5 |4 |3 |2 |1 |
|----------+--+------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--|
|Octet 1 | Performer SAP |0 |0 |0 |0 |
|----------+--+------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--|
|Octet 2 | Invoke Reference Number |
|----------+--+------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--|
|Octet 3 |Parameter Encoding Type |Operation Value |
|----------+--+------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--|
|Octet 4 | |
| ... | Operation Information |
|Octet N | |
|__________|_____________________________________________|
_______________________
| Value | Meaning |
|_______|______________|
| 0 | BER [5] |
|_______|______________|
| 1 | PER [4] |
|_______|______________|
| 2 | XDR [8] |
|_______|______________|
| 3 | Reserved |
|_______|______________|
---------------------------------------------------------
|Bit | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
|--------|-----------|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
| | Parameter | | | | | | |
| | Encoding | | | | | | |
|Octet 1 | Type | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
|--------|-----------------------------------------------|
|Octet 2 | Invoke Reference Number |
|--------|-----------------------------------------------|
|Octet 3 | |
|... | Result-parameter |
|Octet N | |
---------------------------------------------------------
ESRO-RESULT-PDU Type Code = 1.
_______________________
| Value | Meaning |
|_______|______________|
| 0 | Basic |
|_______|______________|
| 1 | Packed |
|_______|______________|
| 2 | XDR |
|_______|______________|
| 3 | Reserved |
|_______|______________|
---------------------------------------------------------
|Bit | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
|--------|-----------|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
| | Parameter | | | | | | |
| | Encoding | | | | | | |
|Octet 1 | Type | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
|--------|-----------------------------------------------|
|Octet 2 | Invoke Reference Number |
|--------|-----------------------------------------------|
|Octet 3 | Error Value |
|--------|-----------------------------------------------|
|Octet 4 | |
|... | Error parameter |
|Octet N | |
---------------------------------------------------------
ESRO-ERROR-PDU Type Code = 2.
_______________________
| Value | Meaning |
|_______|______________|
| 0 | Basic |
|_______|______________|
| 1 | Packed |
|_______|______________|
| 2 | XDR |
|_______|______________|
| 3 | Reserved |
|_______|______________|
---------------------------------------------------------
|Bit | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
|--------|-----------------------|-----|-----|-----|-----|
| | ESRO-ACK-PDU Type | | | | |
|Octet 1 | | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
|--------|-----------------------------------------------|
|Octet 2 | Invoke Reference Number |
---------------------------------------------------------
ESRO-ACK-PDU Type Code = 3.
_____________________________________________
| ESRO-ACK-PDU Type | Meaning |
|___________________|________________________|
| 0 |Complete 3-way handshake|
|___________________|________________________|
| 1 | Hold on |
|___________________|________________________|
---------------------------------------------------------
|Bit | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
|--------|-----------------------|-----|-----|-----|-----|
|Octet 1 | Not used | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
|--------|-----------------------------------------------|
|Octet 2 | Invoke Reference Number |
|--------|-----------------------------------------------|
|Octet 3 | Failure Value |
----------------------------------------------------------
ESRO-FAILURE-PDU Type Code = 4.
________________________________________
| Failure Value | Meaning |
|_______________|_______________________|
| 0 |Transmission failure |
|_______________|_______________________|
| 1 |Out of local resources |
|_______________|_______________________|
| 2 | User not responding |
|_______________|_______________________|
| 3 |Out of remote resources|
|_______________|_______________________|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|Bit | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
|--------|---------------------------|------|------|------|------|
|Octet 1 | Performer Service | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Access Point Selector | | | | |
|--------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|Octet 2 | Invoke Reference Number |
|--------|-------------------------------------------------------|
| | Parameter | |
| | Encoding | |
|Octet 3 | Type | Operation Value |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
|--------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|Octet 4 |First/| |
| |Other | Segment Number |
|--------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|Octet 5 | |
|... | Operation Information |
|Octet N | |
----------------------------------------------------------------|
ESRO-INVOKE-PDU Type Code = 5.
_______________________
| Value | Meaning |
|_______|______________|
| 0 | Basic |
|_______|______________|
| 1 | Packed |
|_______|______________|
| 2 | XDR |
|_______|______________|
| 3 | Reserved |
|_______|______________|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|Bit | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
|--------|-------------|------|------|------|------|------|------|
| | Parameter | | | | | | |
| | Encoding | | | | | | |
|Octet 1 | Type | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
|--------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|Octet 2 | Invoke Reference Number |
|--------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|Octet 4 |First/| |
| |Other | Segment Number |
|--------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|Octet 5 | |
|... | Result Parameter |
|Octet N | |
----------------------------------------------------------------|
ESRO-RESULT-SEGMENTED-PDU Type Code = 1.
_______________________
| Value | Meaning |
|_______|______________|
| 0 | Basic |
|_______|______________|
| 1 | Packed |
|_______|______________|
| 2 | XDR |
|_______|______________|
| 3 | Reserved |
|_______|______________|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|Bit | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
|--------|-------------|------|------|------|------|------|------|
| | Parameter | | | | | | |
| | Encoding | | | | | | |
|Octet 1 | Type | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
|--------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|Octet 2 | Invoke Reference Number |
|--------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|Octet 3 |First/| |
| |Other | Segment Number |
|--------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|Octet 4 | Error Value |
|--------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|Octet 5 | |
|... | Error Parameter |
|Octet N | |
----------------------------------------------------------------|
ESRO-ERROR-SEGMENTED-PDU Type Code = 2.
_______________________
| Value | Meaning |
|_______|______________|
| 0 | Basic |
|_______|______________|
| 1 | Packed |
|_______|______________|
| 2 | XDR |
|_______|______________|
| 3 | Reserved |
|_______|______________|
________________________________________________________________
|Bit | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
|--------|---------------------------|------|------|------|------|
|Octet 1 | Not used | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|--------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|Octet 2 | Length Indicator |
|--------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|Octet 3 | |
|... | ESRO-PDU |
|Octet N | |
|--------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|Octet | |
| N+1 | Length Indicator |
|--------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|Octet | |
| N+2 | ESRO-PDU |
| ... | |
|--------|-------------------------------------------------------|
| ... | ... |
|________|_______________________________________________________|
ESRO-CONCATENATED-PDU Type Code = 8.
S T A T U S
Req Rec Ele Lim Not
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Std | X | XXX | XXX | | |
S +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Draft | X | X | XXX | | |
T +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Prop | | X | XXX | | |
A +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Info | | | | | |
T +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Expr | | | | XXX | |
E +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Hist | | | | | XXX |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|--------------|---------------------------------------------------|
| Number of | | | |
| groups | 10 | 100 | 1000 |
====================================================================
| Group size | | | |
| (# members) | 20 | 40 | 60 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------|
| No. of srcs | | | | | | | | | |
| per group |10% | 50% |100% |10% | 50% |100% |10% | 50% | 100% |
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| No. of DVMRP | | | | | | | | | |
| router | | | | | | | | | |
| entries | 20 | 100 | 200 |400 | 2K | 4K | 6K | 30K | 60K |
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| No. of CBT | | | |
| router | | | |
| entries | 10 | 100 | 1000 |
|------------------------------------------------------------------|
b b b-----b
\ | |
\ | |
b---b b------b
/ \ / KEY....
/ \/
b X---b-----b X = Core
/ \ b = on-tree router
/ \
/ \
b b------b
/ \ |
/ \ |
b b b
Most Significant Bit Least Significant Bit
|------------------------------------------------------------|
| Calling Error | Routine Error | Supplementary Info |
|------------------------------------------------------------|
Bit 31 24 23 16 15 0
o---------o
Site | Local |
A | File A |
o---------o
|
o----------------------- Mapping A ------------------------o
| | |
| o---------o |
| | Virtual | |
| | File | |
| o---------o |
| o------------------------------------------------o |
| | | |
| | ODETTE-FTP | |
| | | |
| o------------------------------------------------o |
| o---------o o---------o |
| | Virtual | | Virtual | |
| | File | | File | |
| o---------o o----+----o |
| | | |
o------ Mapping B ------------------------ Mapping C ------o
| |
o---------o o----+----o
| Local | Site Site | Local |
| File B | B C | File C |
o---------o o---------o
Request Indication Response Confirmation
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Dest addr ------> same same same
Request Indication
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Data ------------------> same
o-------------------o o-------------------o
| | | |
| USER MONITOR | | USER MONITOR |
| | | |
o-------------------o o-------------------o
| A | A
...............|...|... FILE TRANSFER SERVICE ...|...|...............
| | | |
F_XXX_RQ/RS | | F_XXX_IND/CF F_XXX_RQ/RS | | F_XXX_IND/CF
V | V |
o-------------------o o-------------------o
| |- - - - - - >| |
| ODETTE-FTP Entity | E-Buffer | ODETTE-FTP Entity |
| |< - - - - - -| |
o-------------------o o-------------------o
| A | A
N_XXX_RQ/RS | | N_XXX_IND/CF N_XXX_RQ/RS | | N_XXX_IND/CF
| | | |
...............|...|...... NETWORK SERVICE ......|...|...............
V | V |
o---------------------------------------------------------o
| |
| N E T W O R K |
| |
o---------------------------------------------------------o
| |
F_CONNECT_RQ ---->|------------|----> F_CONNECT_IND
| |
F_CONNECT_CF <----|------------|<---- F_CONNECT_RS
| |
Request Indication Response Confirm
---------------------------------------------------------------------
called-address -> same --- ----
calling-address-> same --- ----
ID1 ------------> same ID2 ------------> same
PSW1------------> same PSW2 -----------> same
mode1 ----------> mode2 ----------> mode3 ----------> same
restart1 -------> same -----------> restart2 -------> same
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Request Indication Response Confirm
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Sender-only ----> Receiver-only --> Receiver-only --> Sender-only
Both -----+-----> Both ----+------> Both -----------> Both
| or +------> Receiver-only --> Sender-only
| or +------> Sender-only ----> Receiver-only
|
or +-----> Receiver-only --> Receiver-only --> Sender-only
or +-----> Sender-only ----> Sender-only ----> Receiver-only
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Request Indication Response Confirm
---------------------------------------------------------------------
restart = Y ----> restart = Y --+-> restart = Y ----> restart = Y
or +-> restart = N ----> restart = N
restart = N ----> restart = N ----> restart = N ----> restart = N
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| |
F_START_FILE_RQ ---->|------------|----> F_START_FILE_IND
| |
F_START_FILE_CF(+|-) <----|------------|<---- F_START_FILE_RS(+|-)
| |
Request Ind. RS(+) CF(+) RS(-) CF(-)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
file-name ----> same ---- ---- ---- ----
date-time ----> same ---- ---- ---- ----
destination---> same ---- ---- ---- ----
originator----> same ---- ---- ---- ----
rec-format----> same ---- ---- ---- ----
rec-size -----> same ---- ---- ---- ----
file-size-----> same ---- ---- ---- ----
restart-pos1--> same-> restart-pos2-> same ---- ----
---- ---- ---- ---- cause ------> same
---- ---- ---- ---- retry-later-> same
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| |
F_CLOSE_FILE_RQ --->|------------|----> F_CLOSE_FILE_IND
| |
F_CLOSE_FILE_CF(+|-) <---|------------|<---- F_CLOSE_FILE_RS(+|-)
| |
Parameters
Request Ind RS(+) CF(+) RS(-) CF(-)
---------------------------------------------------------------------
rec-count ---> same ---- ---- ---- ----
unit-count --> same ---- ---- ---- ----
---- ---- Speaker=Y ---> Speaker=N ---- ----
---- ---- Speaker=N ---> Speaker=Y ---- ----
---- ---- ---- ---- cause ---> same
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Request Indication
------------------------------------
filename -------> same
date -----------> same
time -----------> same
destination ----> same
originator -----> same
------------------------------------
Request Indication
---------------------------------------------------------------------
reason = normal -------> ----
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| |
F_ABORT_RQ ---->|------------|----> F_ABORT_IND
| |
User Initiated Abort
| |
F_ABORT_IND <----|------------|----> F_ABORT_IND
| |
Provider Initiated Abort
User | OFTP | Network | OFTP | User
---------------|------|----------------------|------|---------------
| | | |
F_RELEASE_RQ | | ESID(R=normal) | | F_RELEASE_IND
*--------------|-> ==|======================|=> --|-------------->
(R=normal) | | | |
F_RELEASE_RQ | | ESID(R=error) | | F_ABORT_IND
*--------------|-> ==|======================|=> -|-------------->
(R=error value)| | | | (R=error,AO=D)
User | OFTP | Network | OFTP | User
---------------|------|----------------------|------|---------------
| | | |
F_ABORT_IND | | ESID(R=error) | | F_ABORT_IND
<--------------|-* *=|======================|=> --|-------------->
| | | |
F_ABORT_RQ | | N_DISC_RQ | | F_ABORT_IND
*--------------|-> --|--------->..----------|-> --|-------------->
| | N_DISC_IND | | (R=unsp.,AO=D)
F_ABORT_IND | | N_DISC_RQ | | F_ABORT_IND
<--------------|-* *-|--------->..----------|-> --|-------------->
(R=error,AO=L) | | N_DISC_IND | | (R=unsp.,AO=D)
o------------o
decision | | f_connect_ind
+-----------------| IDLE |-----------------+
| F_CONNECT_RQ | (0) | F_CONNECT_RS |
| o------------o |
V |
o-----------------o |
| | |
| I_WF_FCONNECTCF | |
| | |
o--------+--------o |
| |
| F_CONNECT_CF |
V V
o-----------------o o-----------------o
| | | |
| IDLE SPEAKER | | IDLE LISTENER |
| (1) | | (2) |
| See Speaker | | See Listener |
| State Diagram | | State Diagram |
| | | |
o-----------------o o-----------------o
3.5.2 Speaker State Diagram
o-----------------o o-----------------o
| IDLE LISTENER | | IDLE |
| CD_RQ just sent | | see (0) |
| see (3), Listen | | Idle |
| State Diagram | | State Diagram |
o-----------------o o-----------------o
A A
| |
decision decision decision
F_CD_RQ +----------------+ F_RELEASE_RQ
| | F_EERP_RQ | |
o=================o | o-----------------o
| |<-------------+ | IDLE SPEAKER |
| IDLE SPEAKER | | (4) |
| (1) | decision | CD_IND |
| |<-----------------------------| just received |
o=================o F_EERP_RQ o-----------------o
A A | |
| | | decision and P1 decision and P1 |
| | +-----------------+ +---------------------+
| | F_START_FILE_RQ | | F_START_FILE_RQ
| | V V
| | o---------------o
| | f_file_start_cf(-) | |
| +----------------------| OPENING |
| | |
| o---------------o
| |
f_file_close_cf(-) f_start_file_cf(+)
and not P2 |
| V
o---------------o o---------------o
| | | |------------------+
| CLOSING | | DATA TRANSFER | record to send |
| | | |<-----------------+
o---------------o o---------------o F_DATA_RQ
| A |
| | end of file |
| +-------------------+
| F_CLOSE_FILE_RQ
| o-----------------o
| f_close_file(+) and P2 | IDLE LISTENER |
+--------------------------------------------->| see (2), Listen |
| State Diagram |
Predicates: o-----------------o
P1: Mode = Both or (Mode = Sender-Only)
P2: Negative confirmation or (positive confirmation, Speaker = YES)
3.5.3 Listener State Diagram
o-----------------o o-----------------o
| IDLE SPEAKER | | IDLE |
| CD_IND just | | |
| received see(4) | | see (0) |
| Speaker State | | Idle |
| Diagram | | State Diagram |
o-----------------o o-----------------o
A A
| |
decision f_eerp_ind decision
F_CD_IND +--------------+ F_RELEASE_IND
| | | |
o=================o | o-----------------o
| |<-----------+ f_eerp_ind | |
| |<-----------------------------| IDLE LISTENER |
| IDLE LISTENER | | (3) |
| | f_start_file_ind | CD_RQ |
| (2) | and not p2 | just sent |
| |---------------------+ | |
o=================o F_START_FILE_RS(-) | o-----------------o
A | A A | | |
| | | +-----------------------+ | |
| | | | |
| | | f_start_file_ind and not p2 | |
| | +--------------------------------------+ |
| | F_START_FILE_RS(-) |
| | |
| | f_start_file_ind f_start_file_ind |
| | and p2 and p2 |
| +-------------------------------+ +------------------+
| F_START_FILE_RS(+) | | F_START_FILE_RS(+)
| V V
| o---------------o
| f_close_file_ind and not p1 | DATA |-------------+
+------------------------------| TRANSFER | |
F_CLOSE_FILE_RS(-) | |<------------+
o---------------o F_DATA_IND
o---------------o |
| IDLE SPEAKER | f_close_file_ind and p1 |
| see (1), Spkr |<--------------------------+
| State Diagram | F_CLOSE_FILE_RS(+)
o---------------o
1. Initiator <-------------SSRM -- Responder Ready Message
-- SSID ------------> Identification
<------------ SSID -- Identification
1. Speaker -- SFID ------------> Listener Start File
<------------ SFPA -- Answer YES
2. Speaker -- SFID ------------> Listener Start File
<------------ SFNA -- Answer NO
Go To 1
2. Speaker -- CD --------------> Listener Change Direction
Listener <------------ EERP -- Speaker End to End Response
-- RTR -------------> Ready to Receive
<------------ SFID -- Start File
o----------o o-----------o
| Loc. A |----------- S1 ---------->| Loc. B |
| | | |
| [Ba] |<---------- R2 -----------| [Ba] |
+----------o o-----------o
o---------o o---------o o---------o o---------o
| Loc. A |-- S1 ->| Loc. E1 |-- S2 ->| Loc. E2 |-- S5 ->| Loc. B |
| | | | | | | |
| [Ba,Ca] |<- R8 --| [Ba,Ca] |<- R7 --| [Ba] |<- R6 --| [Ba] |
o---------o o---------o o---------o o---------o
A |
| | o---------o
| +----- S3 ->| Loc. C |
| | |
+--------- R4 --| [Ca] |
o---------o
o---------o o---------o o---------o
| Loc. A |-- S1 ->| Loc. E1 |-- S3 ->| Loc. C |
| | | | | |
| [Ca] |<- R5 --| [Ca,Cb] |<- R4 --| [Ca,Cb] |
o---------o o---------o o---------o
A |
o---------o | |
| Loc. B |-- S2 -----+ |
| | |
| [Cb] |<- R6 ---------+
o---------o
Speaker -- EERP ------------> Listener End to End Response
<------------- RTR -- Ready to Receive
-- EERP ------------> End to End Response
<------------- RTR -- Ready to Receive
-- SFID ------------> Start File
or
-- CD --------------> Exchange the turn
1. Speaker -- SFID ------------> Listener Start File
<------------ SFPA -- Answer YES
Speaker -- Data ------------> Listener Start File
-- Data ------------>
<------------- CDT -- Set Credit
-- Data ------------>
-- EFID ------------> End File
1. Speaker -- EFID ------------> Listener End File
<------------ EFPA -- Answer YES
2. Speaker -- EFID ------------> Listener End File
<------------ EFPA -- Answer YES + CD
-- CD --------------> Change Direction
Listener <------------ EERP -- Speaker End to End Response
-------------- RTR -> Ready to Receive
Go to Start File Phase
3. Speaker -- EFID ------------> Listener End File
<------------ EFNA -- Answer NO
1. Speaker -- EFID ------------> Listener End File
<------------ EFPA -- Answer YES
-- CD --------------> Change Direction
Listener <------------ ESID -- Speaker End Session
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
| SSRM Start Session Ready Message |
| |
| Start Session Phase Initiator <---- Responder |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Pos | Field | Description | Format |
|-----+-----------+---------------------------------------+---------|
| 0 | SSRMCMD | SSRM Command, 'I' | F X(1) |
| 1 | SSRMMSG | Ready Message, 'ODETTE FTP READY ' | F X(17) |
| 18 | SSRMCR | Carriage Return | F X(1) |
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
| SSID Start Session |
| |
| Start Session Phase Initiator <---> Responder |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Pos | Field | Description | Format |
|-----+-----------+---------------------------------------+---------|
| 0 | SSIDCMD | SSID Command 'X' | F X(1) |
| 1 | SSIDLEV | Protocol Release Level | F 9(1) |
| 2 | SSIDCODE | Initiator's Identification Code | V X(25) |
| 27 | SSIDPSWD | Initiator's Password | V X(8) |
| 35 | SSIDSDEB | Exchange Buffer Size | V 9(5) |
| 40 | SSIDSR | Send / Receive Capabilities (S/R/B) | F X(1) |
| 41 | SSIDCMPR | Compression Indicator (Y/N) | F X(1) |
| 42 | SSIDREST | Restart Indicator (Y/N) | F X(1) |
| 43 | SSIDSPEC | Special Logic Indicator (N) | F X(1) |
| 44 | SSIDCRED | Credit | V 9(3) |
| 47 | SSIDRSV1 | Reserved | F X(5) |
| 52 | SSIDUSER | User Data | V X(8) |
| 60 | SSIDCR | Carriage Return | F X(1) |
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
Window Size m -- SSID ------------>
<------------ SSID -- Window Size n
(n less or equal m)
Note: negotiated value will be "n".
5.3.3 SFID - Start File
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
| SFID Start File |
| |
| Start File Phase Speaker ----> Listener |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Pos | Field | Description | Format |
|-----+-----------+---------------------------------------+---------|
| 0 | SFIDCMD | SFID Command, 'H' | F X(1) |
| 1 | SFIDDSN | Virtual File Dataset Name | V X(26) |
| 27 | SFIDRSV1 | Reserved | F X(9) |
| 36 | SFIDDATE | Virtual File Date stamp, (YYMMDD) | V X(6) |
| 42 | SFIDTIME | Virtual File Time stamp, (HHMMSS) | V X(6) |
| 48 | SFIDUSER | User Data | V X(8) |
| 56 | SFIDDEST | Destination | V X(25) |
| 81 | SFIDORIG | Originator | V X(25) |
| 106 | SFIDFMT | File Format, (F/V/U/T) | F X(1) |
| 107 | SFIDLRECL | Maximum Record Size | V 9(5) |
| 112 | SFIDFSIZ | File Size, 1K blocks | V 9(7) |
| 119 | SFIDREST | Restart Position | V 9(9) |
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
SFIDCMD Command Code Character
5.3.4 SFPA - Start File Positive Answer
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
| SFPA Start File Positive Answer |
| |
| Start File Phase Speaker <---- Listener |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Pos | Field | Description | Format |
|-----+-----------+---------------------------------------+---------|
| 0 | SFPACMD | SFPA Command, '2' | F X(1) |
| 1 | SFPAACNT | Answer Count | V 9(9) |
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
| SFNA Start File Negative Answer |
| |
| Start File Phase Speaker <---- Listener |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Pos | Field | Description | Format |
|-----+-----------+---------------------------------------+---------|
| 0 | SFNACMD | SFNA Command, '3' | F X(1) |
| 1 | SFNAREAS | Answer Reason | F 9(2) |
| 3 | SFNARRTR | Retry Indicator, (Y/N) | F X(1) |
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
| DATA Data Exchange Buffer |
| |
| Data Transfer Phase Speaker ----> Listener |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Pos | Field | Description | Format |
|-----+-----------+---------------------------------------+---------|
| 0 | DATACMD | DATA Command, 'D' | F X(1) |
| 1 | DATABUF | Data Exchange Buffer payload | V X(n) |
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
| CDT Set Credit |
| |
| Data Transfer Phase Speaker <---- Listener |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Pos | Field | Description | Format |
|-----+-----------+---------------------------------------+---------|
| 0 | CDTCMD | CDT Command, 'C' | F X(1) |
| 1 | CDTRSV1 | Reserved | F X(2) |
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
| EFID End File |
| |
| End File Phase Speaker ----> Listener |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Pos | Field | Description | Format |
|-----+-----------+---------------------------------------+---------|
| 0 | EFIDCMD | EFID Command, 'T' | F X(1) |
| 1 | EFIDRCNT | Record Count | V 9(9) |
| 10 | EFIDUCNT | Unit Count | V 9(12) |
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
5.3.9 EFPA - End File Positive Answer
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
| EFPA End File Positive Answer |
| |
| End File Phase Speaker <---- Listener |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Pos | Field | Description | Format |
|-----+-----------+---------------------------------------+---------|
| 0 | EFPACMD | EFPA Command, '4' | F X(1) |
| 1 | EFPACD | Change Direction Indicator, (Y/N) | F X(1) |
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
5.3.10 EFNA - End File Negative Answer
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
| EFNA End File Negative Answer |
| |
| End File Phase Speaker <---- Listener |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Pos | Field | Description | Format |
|-----+-----------+---------------------------------------+---------|
| 0 | EFNACMD | EFNA Command, '5' | F X(1) |
| 1 | EFNAREAS | Answer Reason | F 9(2) |
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
| ESID End Session |
| |
| End Session Phase Speaker ----> Listener |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Pos | Field | Description | Format |
|-----+-----------+---------------------------------------+---------|
| 0 | ESIDCMD | ESID Command, 'F' | F X(1) |
| 1 | ESIDREAS | Reason Code | F 9(2) |
| 3 | ESIDCR | Carriage Return | F X(1) |
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
| CD Change Direction |
| |
| Start File Phase Speaker ----> Listener |
| End File Phase Speaker ----> Listener |
| End Session Phase Initiator <---> Responder |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Pos | Field | Description | Format |
|-----+-----------+---------------------------------------+---------|
| 0 | CDCMD | CD Command, 'R' | F X(1) |
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
| EERP End to End Response |
| |
| Start File Phase Speaker ----> Listener |
| End File Phase Speaker ----> Listener |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Pos | Field | Description | Format |
|-----+-----------+---------------------------------------+---------|
| 0 | EERPCMD | EERP Command, 'E' | F X(1) |
| 1 | EERPDSN | Virtual File Dataset Name | V X(26) |
| 27 | EERPRSV1 | Reserved | F X(9) |
| 36 | EERPDATE | Virtual File Date stamp, (YYMMDD) | V X(6) |
| 42 | EERPTIME | Virtual File Time stamp, (HHMMSS) | V X(6) |
| 48 | EERPUSER | User Data | V X(8) |
| 56 | EERPDEST | Destination | V X(25) |
| 81 | EERPORIG | Originator | V X(25) |
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
| RTR Ready To Receive |
| |
| Start File Phase Initiator <---- Responder |
| End File Phase Initiator <---- Responder |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Pos | Field | Description | Format |
|-----+-----------+---------------------------------------+---------|
| 0 | RTRCMD | RTR Command, 'P' | F X(1) |
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
| Pos | Field | Description | Format |
|-----+-----------+---------------------------------------+---------|
| 0 | SIOOID | ODETTE Identifier | F X(1) |
| 1 | SIOICD | International Code Designator | V 9(4) |
| 5 | SIOORG | Organisation Code | V X(14) |
| 19 | SIOCSA | Computer Sub-Address | V X(6) |
o-------------------------------------------------------------------o
SIOOID ODETTE Identifier Character
o--------------------------------------------------------
| C | H | | H | | H | | /
| M | D | SUBRECORD | D | SUBRECORD | D | SUBRECORD | /_
| D | R | | R | | R | | /
o-------------------------------------------------------
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
o-------------------------------o
| E | C | |
| o | F | C O U N T |
| R | | |
o-------------------------------o
o-----+-----------------+-----+--------------------+-----+------
| STH | OEB | STH | OEB | STH | OEB/
o-----+-----------------+-----+--------------------+-----+----
o----------------------------------------------o
| | Other States |
| |--------------------------------------o |
| S | A_WF_CONRS | |
| |----------------------------------o | |
| T | A_NC_ONLY | | |
| |------------------------------o | | |
| A | I_WF_SSID | | | |
| |--------------------------o | | | |
| T | I_WF_RM | | | | |
| |----------------------o | | | | |
| E | I_WF_NC | | | | | |
| |------------------o | | | | | |
| | IDLE | | | | | | |
|==================o---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| | F_CONNECT_RQ | A | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| E | N_CON_CF | X | C | X | X | X | X | X |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| V | SSRM | X | X | H | X | X | X | X |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| E | SSID | X | X | X | D | E | F | F |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| N | N_CON_IND | B | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| T | F_CONNECT_RS | X | U | U | U | U | G | U |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| | ESID(R=10) | X | X | X | F | X | X | X |
o----------------------------------------------o
I | Predicate Actions Output Events Next State
===o=================================================================
A | P1: F_ABORT_IND IDLE
| not P1: 1 N_CON_RQ I_WF_NC
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
B | P3: N_DISC_RQ IDLE
| not P3: N_CON_RS
| SSRM A_NC_ONLY
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
C | 2 I_WF_RM
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
D | P2: 4,2,5 F_CONNECT_CF IDLESP
| not P2: 4,2 ESID(R=10)
| F_ABORT_IND(R,AO=L) WF_NDISC
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
E | P4: 4 N_DISC_RQ IDLE
| not P4: F_CONNECT_IND A_WF_CONRS
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
F | F_ABORT_IND
| N_DISC_RQ IDLE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
G | P2: 4,2,5 SSID IDLELI
| not P2: 4,2 ESID(R=10)
| F_ABORT_IND(R,AO=L) WF_NDISC
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
H | 4,2,3 SSID I_WF_SSID
---------------------------------------------------------------------
o--------------------------------------o
| | Other States |
| S |------------------------------o |
| T | WF_NDISC | |
| A |--------------------------o | |
| T | I_WF_NC | | |
| E |----------------------o | | |
| | IDLE | | | |
|======================o---+---+---+---|
| | TIME-OUT | X | X | A | B |
| |------------------+---+---+---+---|
| E | F_ABORT_RQ | X | A | X | C |
| V |------------------+---+---+---+---|
| E | N_RST_IND | X | X | A | D |
| N |------------------+---+---+---+---|
| T | N_DISC_IND | X | E | F | G |
| |------------------+---+---+---+---|
| | Invalid Buffer | X | X | H | I |
o--------------------------------------o
I | Predicate Actions Output Events Next State
===o=================================================================
A | N_DISC_RQ IDLE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
B | F_ABORT_IND
| N_DISC_RQ IDLE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
C | 1 N_DISC_RQ IDLE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
D | 1 N_DISC_RQ
| F_ABORT_IND IDLE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
E | F_ABORT_IND IDLE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
F | 1 IDLE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
G | 1 F_ABORT_IND IDLE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
H | WF_NDISC
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
I | 1,2 ESID(R=01)
| F_ABORT_IND(R,AO=L) WF_NDISC
---------------------------------------------------------------------
o------------------------------------------------------------------o
| | Other State |
| |----------------------------------------------------------o |
| | WF_NDISC | |
| |------------------------------------------------------o | |
| | OPOWFC | | |
| |--------------------------------------------------o | | |
| | OPO | | | |
| S |----------------------------------------------o | | | |
| | OPOP | | | | |
| T |------------------------------------------o | | | | |
| | CDSTWFCD | | | | | |
| A |--------------------------------------o | | | | | |
| | SFSTWFCD | | | | | | |
| T |----------------------------------o | | | | | | |
| | ERSTWFCD | | | | | | | |
| E |------------------------------o | | | | | | | |
| | WF_CD | | | | | | | | |
| |--------------------------o | | | | | | | | |
| | WF_RTR | | | | | | | | | |
| |----------------------o | | | | | | | | | |
| | IDLESPCD | | | | | | | | | | |
| |------------------o | | | | | | | | | | |
| | IDLESP | | | | | | | | | | | |
|===+==============o---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| | F_EERP_RQ | A | A | W | F | W | U | U | U | U | U | U | U |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| | F_START_ | B | B | W | G | W | U | U | U | U | U | X | U |
| | FILE_RQ | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| | SFPA | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | K | C | C | S | C |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| E | SFNA | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | L | C | C | S | C |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| V | CD | C | C | C | H | R | I | J | C | C | C | S | C |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| E | F_DATA_RQ | U | U | U | U | U | U | U | U | M | V | S | U |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| N | CDT | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | P | O | S | C |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| T | F_CD_RQ | D | U | W | T | W | U | U | U | U | U | X | U |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| | F_REL_RQ(Ok) | U | E | U | U | U | U | U | U | U | U | X | U |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| | F_REL_RQ(Err)| Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | S | Q |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| | RTR | C | C | N | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | S | C |
o------------------------------------------------------------------o
I | Predicate Actions Output Events Next State
===o=================================================================
A | 1,2,3 EERP WF_RTR
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
B | P1: UE
| not P1: 1,2,5 SFID OPOP
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
C | 1,2 ESID(R=02)
| F_ABORT_IND(R,AO=L) WF_NDISC
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
D | 1,2 CD IDLELICD
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
E | 1,2 ESID(R=00) WF_NDISC
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
F | 4 ERSTWFCD
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
G | P1: UE
| not P1: 6 SFSTWFCD
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
H | 1,2 IDLESP
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
I | 1,2,10 SFID OPOP
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
J | 1,2 CD IDLELICD
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
K | P2: 1,2 ESID(R=02)
| F_ABORT_IND(R,AO=L) WF_NDISC
| not P2: 1,2,7,12 F_START_FILE_CF(+) OPO
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
L | 1,2,8 F_START_FILE_CF(-) IDLESP
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
M | P3: 1,2,11,13 DATA OPOWFC
| not P3: 1,2,11,13 DATA OPO
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
N | Note 3 IDLESP
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
O | 12 OPO
| See Note 1
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
P | Protocol 1,2 ESID(R=02)
| Error F_ABORT_IND(R,AO=L) WF_NDISC
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
Q | 1,2 ESID(R) WF_NDISC
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
Continued -->
I | Predicate Actions Output Events Next State
===o=================================================================
R | 1,2,9 EERP WF_RTR
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
S | WF_NDISC
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
T | CDSTWFCD
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
U | User Error UE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
V | User Error - Note 1 UE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
W | User Error - Note 2 UE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
X | Error
---------------------------------------------------------------------
o---------------------------------o
| S | CLOP |
| T |-------------------------o |
| A | OPOWFC | |
| T |---------------------o | |
| E | OPO | | |
|=====================o---+---+---|
| E | F_CLOSE_FILE_RQ | A | E | U |
| V |-----------------+---+---+---|
| E | EFPA | B | B | C |
| N |-----------------+---+---+---|
| T | EFNA | B | B | D |
o---------------------------------o
I | Predicate Actions Output Events Next State
===o=================================================================
A | 1,2,5,7 EFID CLOP
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
B | 1,2 ESID(R=02)
| F_ABORT_IND(R,AO=L) WF_NDISC
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
C | P1: 1,2,3 F_CLOSE_FILE_CF(+,SP=No)
| CD IDLELI
| not P1: 1,2,4 F_CLOSE_FILE_CF(+,SP=Yes) IDLESP
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
D | 1,2,6 F_CLOSE_FILE_CF(-) IDLESP
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
E | See Note 1
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
U | User Error UE
---------------------------------------------------------------------
o-----------------------------------------o
| | CLIP |
| |---------------------------------o |
| | OPI | |
| S |-----------------------------o | |
| T | OPIP | | |
| A |-------------------------o | | |
| T | IDLELICD | | | |
| E |---------------------o | | | |
| | IDLELI | | | | |
|=====================o---+---+---+---+---|
| | SFID | A | A | B | B | B |
| |-----------------+---+---+---+---+---|
| E | DATA | B | B | B | I | B |
| V |-----------------+---+---+---+---+---|
| E | EFID | B | B | B | J | B |
| N |-----------------+---+---+---+---+---|
| T | F_START_FILE_RS | U | U | H | U | U |
| |-----------------+---+---+---+---+---|
| | F_CLOSE_FILE_RS | U | U | U | U | K |
| |-----------------+---+---+---+---+---|
| | CD | C | B | B | B | B |
| |-----------------+---+---+---+---+---|
| | ESID R=Normal | D | F | D | D | D |
| |-----------------+---+---+---+---+---|
| | ESID R=Error | D | D | D | D | D |
| |-----------------+---+---+---+---+---|
| | EERP | E | G | B | B | B |
o-----------------------------------------o
I | Predicate Actions Output Events Next State
===o=================================================================
A | P1: 1,2 ESID(R=02)
| F_ABORT_IND(R,AO=L) WF_NDISC
| not P1: 1,2,3 F_START_FILE_IND OPIP
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
B | 1,2 ESID(R=02)
| F_ABORT_IND(R,AO=L) WF_NDISC
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
C | 1,2 F_CD_IND IDLESPCD
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
D | 1 F_ABORT_IND(Received
| ESID Reason,AO=D)
| N_DISC_RQ IDLE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
E | 4 F_EERP_IND
| 8 See Note 2
| RTR IDLELI
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
F | 1 F_RELEASE_IND
| N_DISC_RQ IDLE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
G | F_EERP_IND
| 8 See Note 2
| RTR IDLELI
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
H | P4: User Error UE
| P2,not P4: 1,2 SFPA OPI
| not(P2,P4): 1,2 SFNA IDLELI
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
I | P5: 1,2 ESID(R=02)
| F_ABORT_IND(R,A0=L) WF_NDISC
| not(P5,P6): 1,2,5 F_DATA_IND OPI
| not P5,P6: 1,2 F_DATA_IND
| 6,7 See Note 1
| CDT OPI
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
J | 1,2 F_CLOSE_FILE_IND CLIP
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
K | P2,P3: 1,2 EFPA(CD-Req) WF_CD
| P2,not P3: 1,2 EFPA(no CD) IDLELI
| not P2: 1,2 EFNA IDLELI
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
U | User Error UE
---------------------------------------------------------------------
o-----------------------------------------------------------------o
| | 7| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| | B -+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| | I 6| 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | T -+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| | 5| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| |----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
|------------| | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| BIT | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 3 2 1 | | | | | | | | | |
|============o====o=====+=====+=====+=====+=====+=====+=====+=====|
| 0 0 0 0 | 0 | | | SP | 0 | | P | | |
|------------|----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 0 0 0 1 | 1 | | | | 1 | A | Q | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 0 0 1 0 | 2 | | | | 2 | B | R | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 0 0 1 1 | 3 | | | | 3 | C | S | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 0 1 0 0 | 4 | | | | 4 | D | T | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 0 1 0 1 | 5 | | | | 5 | E | U | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 0 1 1 0 | 6 | | | & | 6 | F | V | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 0 1 1 1 | 7 | | | | 7 | G | W | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 1 0 0 0 | 8 | | | ( | 8 | H | X | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 1 0 0 1 | 9 | | | ) | 9 | I | Y | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 1 0 1 0 | 10 | | | | | J | Z | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 1 0 1 1 | 11 | | | | | K | | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 1 1 0 0 | 12 | | | | | L | | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 1 1 0 1 | 13 | | | - | | M | | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 1 1 1 0 | 14 | | | . | | N | | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 1 1 1 1 | 15 | | | / | | O | | | |
o-----------------------------------------------------------------o
_____________________________ ____________________________
| _______ | | |
| | | _______ | | _______ |
| |Appli- | | | |RSVP | | | |
| | cation| | RSVP <---------------------------> RSVP <---------->
| | <--> | | | _______ | | |
| | | |process| _____ | ||Routing| |process| _____ |
| |_._____| | -->Polcy|| || <--> -->Polcy||
| | |__.__._| |Cntrl|| ||process| |__.__._| |Cntrl||
| |data | | |_____|| ||__.____| | | |_____||
|===|===========|==|==========| |===|==========|==|==========|
| | --------| | _____ | | | --------| | _____ |
| | | | ---->Admis|| | | | | ---->Admis||
| _V__V_ ___V____ |Cntrl|| | _V__V_ __V_____ |Cntrl||
| | | | | |_____|| | | | | ||_____||
| |Class-| | Packet | | | |Class-| | Packet | |
| | ifier|==>Schedulr|================> ifier|==>Schedulr|===========>
| |______| |________| |data | |______| |________| |data
| | | |
|_____________________________| |____________________________|
Senders Receivers
_____________________
( ) ===> R1
S1 ===> ( Multicast )
( ) ===> R2
( distribution )
S2 ===> ( )
( by Internet ) ===> R3
(_____________________)
Sender || Reservations:
Selection || Distinct | Shared
_________||__________________|____________________
|| | |
Explicit || Fixed-Filter | Shared-Explicit |
|| (FF) style | (SE) Style |
__________||__________________|____________________|
|| | |
Wildcard || (None defined) | Wildcard-Filter |
|| | (WF) Style |
__________||__________________|____________________|
________________
(a)| | (c)
( S1 ) ---------->| |----------> ( R1 )
| Router | |
(b)| | (d) |---> ( R2 )
( S2,S3 ) ------->| |------|
|________________| |---> ( R3 )
|
|
Sends | Reserves Receives
|
| _______
WF( *{4B} ) <- (a) | (c) | * {4B}| (c) <- WF( *{4B} )
| |_______|
|
-----------------------|----------------------------------------
| _______
WF( *{4B} ) <- (b) | (d) | * {3B}| (d) <- WF( *{3B} )
| |_______| <- WF( *{2B} )
|
Sends | Reserves Receives
|
| ________
FF( S1{4B} ) <- (a) | (c) | S1{4B} | (c) <- FF( S1{4B}, S2{5B} )
| |________|
| | S2{5B} |
| |________|
---------------------|---------------------------------------------
| ________
<- (b) | (d) | S1{3B} | (d) <- FF( S1{3B}, S3{B} )
FF( S2{5B}, S3{B} ) | |________| <- FF( S1{B} )
| | S3{B} |
| |________|
|
Sends | Reserves Receives
|
| ________
SE( S1{3B} ) <- (a) | (c) |(S1,S2) | (c) <- SE( (S1,S2){B} )
| | {B} |
| |________|
---------------------|---------------------------------------------
| __________
<- (b) | (d) |(S1,S2,S3)| (d) <- SE( (S1,S3){3B} )
SE( (S2,S3){3B} ) | | {3B} | <- SE( S2{2B} )
| |__________|
_______________
(a)| | (c)
( S1 ) ---------->| >-----------> |----------> ( R1 )
| > |
| > |
(b)| > | (d)
( S2,S3 ) ------->| >-------->--> |----------> ( R2, R3 )
|_______________|
|
Sends | Reserves Receives
|
| _______
WF( *{4B} ) <- (a) | (c) | * {4B}| (c) <- WF( *{4B} )
| |_______|
|
-----------------------|----------------------------------------
| _______
WF( *{3B} ) <- (b) | (d) | * {3B}| (d) <- WF( * {3B} )
| |_______| <- WF( * {2B} )
_____ _____________________ _____
| | data --> | | data --> | |
| A |-----------| a c |--------------| C |
|_____| Path --> | | Path --> |_____|
<-- Resv | | <-- Resv _____
_____ | ROUTER | | | |
| | | | | |--| D |
| B |--| data-->| | data --> | |_____|
|_____| |--------| b d |-----------|
| Path-->| | Path --> | _____
_____ | <--Resv|_____________________| <-- Resv | | |
| | | |--| D' |
| B' |--| | |_____|
|_____| | |
________________
a | | c
( R1, S1 ) <----->| Router |<-----> ( R2, S2 )
|________________|
Send | Receive
|
WF( *{3B}) <-- (a) | (c) <-- WF( *{3B})
|
Receive | Send
|
WF( *{4B}) --> (a) | (c) --> WF( *{4B})
|
Reserve on (a) | Reserve on (c)
__________ | __________
| * {4B} | | | * {3B} |
|__________| | |__________|
|
________________
a | | c
R4, S4<----->| Router |<-----> R2, S2, S3
| |
b | |
R1, S1<----->| |
|________________|
Send Blockade | Reserve Receive
State {Qb}|
| ________
(a) <- WF(*{2B}) {4B} | | * {4B} | WF(*{4B}) <- (c)
| |________|
|
---------------------------|-------------------------------
|
| ________
(b) <- WF(*{4B}) (none)| | * {2B} | WF(*{2B}) <- (d)
| |________|
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Refresh Period R |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Flags | Option Vector |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| IPv4 Receiver Address (4 bytes) |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| |
+ +
| |
+ IPv6 Receiver Address (16 bytes) +
| |
+ +
| |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
RSVP RSVP
Node Send Receive
___ _____________ _______________
Hu UDP(D/Ra,Pu) UDP(D,Pu)
[Note 1] and UDP(D,Pu')
[Note 2]
RSVP RSVP
Node Send Receive
___ _____________ _________________
Hu UDP(G*,Pu) UDP(D,Pu')
[Note 3]
and UDP(G*,Pu)
=====================
| |
| CLIENT |\
| | \ < ---- Local Area /
===================== \ Enterprise Network
\
\
=============================
| Telnet Interface |
| | |
| | |
| ACCESS SERVER | |
| | |
| | |
| Com Port Interface |
=============================
|
|
==================
| |
| MODEM |
| |
==================
|
Access to Remote Service |
most commonly Public Switched ----->|
Network |
|
|
======================
Could be Internet Service | |
Provider, Bulletin Board | |
or FAX machine | REMOTE SERVICE |
| |
| |
======================
LOOKUP FH=0x0 "a" --->
<--- FH=0x1
LOOKUP FH=0x1 "b" --->
<--- FH=0x2
LOOKUP FH=0x2 "c" --->
<--- FH=0x3
-------------- MOUNT port ? --------------> Portmapper
<-------------- Port=984 ------------------
MSB 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 LSB
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 0 | 1/0 | Octet length of address |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
,------------------, USER
__\| Unauthenticated |_________\
| /| (new connection) | /|
| `------------------' |
| | |
| | AUTH |
| V |
| / \ |
| 4yz,5yz / \ 234 |
|<--------< >------------->. |
| \ / | |
| \_/ | |
| | | |
| | 334 | |
| V | |
| ,--------------------, | |
| | Need Security Data |<--. | |
| `--------------------' | | |
| | | | |
| | ADAT | | |
| V | | |
| / \ | | |
| 4yz,5yz / \ 335 | | |
`<--------< >-----------' | |
\ / | |
\_/ | |
| | |
| 235 | |
V | |
,---------------. | |
,--->| Authenticated |<--------' | After the client and server
| `---------------' | have completed authenti-
| | | cation, command must be
| | USER | integrity-protected if
| | | integrity is available. The
| |<-------------------' CCC command may be issued to
| V relax this restriction.
| / \
| 4yz,5yz / \ 2yz
|<--------< >------------->.
| \ / |
| \_/ |
| | |
| | 3yz |
| V |
| ,---------------. |
| | Need Password | |
| `---------------' |
| | |
| | PASS |
| V |
| / \ |
| 4yz,5yz / \ 2yz |
|<--------< >------------->|
| \ / |
| \_/ |
| | |
| | 3yz |
| V |
| ,--------------. |
| | Need Account | |
| `--------------' |
| | |
| | ACCT |
| V |
| / \ |
| 4yz,5yz / \ 2yz |
`<--------< >------------->|
\ / |
\_/ |
| |
| 3yz |
V |
,-------------. |
| Authorized |/________|
| (Logged in) |\
`-------------'
S ---+ +----D
| |
+- R1 -----[zero or more routers]-------R2-+
| |
S2---+ +----D2
____# Countries____ ____# Countries____
Date I B U F O Date I B U F O
----- --- --- --- --- --- ----- --- --- --- --- ---
09/91 31 47 79 49 02/94 62 51 125 88 31
12/91 33 46 78 53 07/94 75 52 129 89 31
02/92 38 46 92 63 11/94 81 51 133 95 --
04/92 40 47 90 66 25 02/95 86 48 141 98 --
08/92 49 46 89 67 26 06/95 96 47 144 99 --
01/93 50 50 101 72 31 06/96 134 -- 146 108 --
04/93 56 51 107 79 31 07/97 171 -- 147 108 --
08/93 59 51 117 84 31
________________
| |
| |
| |
| |
--------->| Non-Member |<---------
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| |________________| |
| | |
| leave group | join group | leave group
| (stop timer, |(send report, | (send leave
| send leave if | set flag, | if flag set)
| flag set) | start timer) |
________|________ | ________|________
| |<--------- | |
| | | |
| |<-------------------| |
| | query received | |
| Delaying Member | (start timer) | Idle Member |
---->| |------------------->| |
| | | report received | |
| | | (stop timer, | |
| | | clear flag) | |
| |_________________|------------------->|_________________|
| query received | timer expired
| (reset timer if | (send report,
| Max Resp Time | set flag)
| < current timer) |
-------------------
________________
| |
| |
| No IGMPv1 |
| Router |
| Present |
| |
---->| |----
| | | |
| |________________| |
timer expires | | IGMPv1 query
| ________________ | received
| | | | (set timer)
| | | |
| | | |
-----| IGMPv1 |<---
| Router |
| Present |
| |
---->| |----
| |________________| |
| |
| IGMPv1 query received |
| (set timer) |
---------------------------
--------------------------------
_______|________ gen. query timer |
--------- | | expired |
| Initial |---------------->| | (send general query, |
--------- (send gen. q., | | set gen. q. timer) |
set initial gen. q. | |<----------------------
timer) | Querier |
| |
-----| |<---
| | | |
| |________________| |
query received from a | | other querier
router with a lower | | present timer
IP address | | expired
(set other querier | ________________ | (send general
present timer) | | | | query,set gen.
| | | | q. timer)
| | | |
---->| Non |----
| Querier |
| |
| |
---->| |----
| |________________| |
| query received from a |
| router with a lower IP |
| address |
| (set other querier |
| present timer) |
---------------------------
________________
----------------------------| |<-----------------------
| | |timer expired |
| timer expired| |(notify routing -, |
| (notify routing -)| No Members |clear rxmt tmr) |
| ------->| Present |<------- |
| | | | | |
|v1 report rec'd | | | | ------------ |
|(notify routing +, | |________________| | | rexmt timer| |
| start timer, | | | | expired | |
| start v1 host | v2 report received| | | (send g-s | |
| timer) | (notify routing +,| | | query, | |
| | start timer)| | | st rxmt | |
| __________|______ | _____|_|______ tmr)| |
| | |<------------ | | | |
| | | | |<----- |
| | | v2 report received | | |
| | | (start timer) | | |
| | Members Present |<-------------------| Checking | |
| ----->| | leave received | Membership | |
| | | | (start timer*, | | |
| | | | start rexmt timer,| | |
| | | | send g-s query) | | |
| | --->| |------------------->| | |
| | | |_________________| |______________| |
| | |v2 report rec'd | | | |
| | |(start timer) | |v1 report rec'd |v1 report rec'd |
| | ---------------- |(start timer, |(start timer, |
| |v1 host | start v1 host timer) | start v1 host |
| |tmr ______________V__ | timer) |
| |exp'd | |<---------------------- |
| ------| | |
| | Version 1 |timer expired |
| | Members Present |(notify routing -) |
------->| |-------------------------------------------
| |<--------------------
------->|_________________| v1 report rec'd |
| v2 report rec'd | | (start timer, |
| (start timer) | | start v1 host timer) |
----------------- --------------------------
________________
| |
| |
timer expired| |timer expired
(notify routing -)| No Members |(notify routing -)
--------->| Present |<---------
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| |________________| |
| | |
| |report received |
| |(notify routing +,|
| | start timer) |
________|________ | ________|________
| |<--------- | |
| | report received | |
| | (start timer) | |
| Members Present |<-------------------| Checking |
| | g-s query rec'd | Membership |
| | (start timer*) | |
---->| |------------------->| |
| |_________________| |_________________|
| report received |
| (start timer) |
-----------------
+-----+ +----+ +----+
| COM | | UK | | FR |
+-----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | |
+---------+ +----+ +----+ +--------------+ +-----+
| VAUGHAN | | AC | | CO | | UNIV-AVIGNON | | AXA |
+---------+ +----+ +----+ +--------------+ +-----+
| | | | |
+------+ +---------+ +----------+ +-----+ +------+
| UNIX | | NEWPORT | | CITYDESK | | SOL | | MAIL |
+------+ +---------+ +----------+ +-----+ +------+
| |
+----+ +-----+
| NS | | FTP |
+----+ +-----+
+------------------+
| ISO 3166 country | . . . . . . . . .
+------------------+ . .
| | | . .
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| AC/ | | CO/ | | OR/ | | LTD | | INC |
| EDU | | COM | | ORG | +-----+ +-----+
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 85 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len NDS Tree Name
+----+----+----+----+----+----+--
| 86 | n | c1 | c2 | c3 | c4 | ...
+----+----+----+----+----+----+--
Code Len Initial NDS Context
+----+----+----+----+----+----+--
| 87 | n | c1 | c2 | c3 | c4 | ...
+----+----+----+----+----+----+--
Code Len NetWare/IP Domain Name
+-----+-----+------+------+------+-----
| 62 | n | c1 | c2 | c3 | ...
+-----+-----+------+------+------+-----
Code Len NetWare/IP General Info
+-----+-----+----+----+
| 63 | 11 | 2 | 0 |
+-----+-----+----+----+
NWIP_EXIST_IN_OPTIONS_AREA (length 0)
+----+----+----+
| 5 | 1 | 1 |
+----+----+----+
NSQ_BROADCAST_SERVER (length 1)
value is YES
+----+----+------------+
| 7 | 4 | IP address |
+----+----+------------+
NEAREST_NWIP_SERVER (length 4)
value is IP address of server
ClientHello -------->
ServerHello
Certificate*
ServerKeyExchange*
CertificateRequest*
<-------- ServerHelloDone
Certificate*
ClientKeyExchange
CertificateVerify*
[ChangeCipherSpec]
Finished -------->
[ChangeCipherSpec]
<-------- Finished
Application Data <-------> Application Data
ClientHello -------->
ServerHello
[ChangeCipherSpec]
<-------- Finished
[ChangeCipherSpec]
Finished -------->
Application Data <-------> Application Data
STATE
+----------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
| A | B | C | D | E
| (Initial | TestOK | Commit | Test | Commit
| State) | | OK | Fail | Fail
| | | | |
EVENT | | | | |
---------+----------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
| 7.2.3.1 | | | |
Receive | All varbinds | | | |
TestSet | OK? | X | X | X | X
PDU | Yes ->B | | | |
| No ->D | | | |
---------+----------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
| | 7.2.3.2 | | |
Receive | | NoError? | | |
Commit- | X | Yes ->C | X | X | X
Set PDU | | No ->E | | |
---------+----------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
Receive | | | 7.2.3.3 | |7.2.4.5
UndoSet | X | X | ->done | X | ->done
PDU | | | | |
---------+----------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
Receive | | 7.2.4.4 | 7.2.3.4 |7.2.4.4 |
Cleanup- | X | ->done | ->done | ->done | X
Set PDU | | | | |
---------+----------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
Session | | rollback | undo | |
Loss | ->done | ->done | ->done | ->done | ->done
---------+----------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
STATE
+--------------+--------------
| A | B
| No transport | Transport
| | connected
| |
EVENT | |
----------------+--------------+--------------
Transport | |
connect | ->B | X
indication | |
----------------+--------------+--------------
Receive | | if duplicate
Open-PDU | | session id,
| | reject, else
| X | establish
| | session
| |
| | ->B
----------------+--------------+--------------
Receive | | if matching
Response-PDU | | session id,
| | feed to that
| X | session's FSM
| | else ignore
| |
| | ->B
----------------+--------------+--------------
Receive other | | if matching
PDUs | | session id,
| | feed to that
| X | session's FSM
| | else reject
| |
| | ->B
----------------+--------------+--------------
Transport | |notify all
disconnect | |sessions on
indication | X |this transport
| |
| | ->A
----------------+--------------+--------------
STATE
+-------------+----------------
| A | B
| No session | Session
| | established
EVENT | |
---------------+-------------+----------------
| 7.1.1 |
Receive | | X
Open PDU | ->B |
---------------+-------------+----------------
| | 7.1.9
Receive | X |
Close PDU | | ->A
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.5
Register PDU | X |
| | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.6
Unregister | X |
PDU | | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | |
Get PDU | |
GetNext PDU | |
GetBulk PDU | X | X
TestSet PDU | |
CommitSet PDU | |
UndoSet PDU | |
CleanupSet PDU | |
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.11
Notify PDU | X |
| | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive Ping | | 7.1.12
PDU | X |
| | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
(continued next page)
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.2
IndexAllocate | X |
PDU | | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.4
IndexDeallocate| X |
PDU | | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.7
AddAgentxCaps | X |
PDU | | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.8
RemoveAgentxCap| X |
PDU | | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.2.4
Response PDU | X |
| | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | |
Other PDU | X | X
---------------+-------------+----------------
+-------------+ +-------------+
| | | |
World View | | Local View | |
Query | | Query | Relevant |
----------->| |------------>| |
| Nomenclator | | CCSO |
| | | |
<-----------| |<------------| Server |
World View | | Local View | |
Response | | Response | |
+-------------+ +-------------+
+-------------+ +-------------+
| | | |
World View | | Meta Data | |
Query | | Request | Distributed |
----------->| Query | ----------->| |
| Resolver | | Catalog |
| | | |
<-----------| (caches) | <-----------| Service |
World View | | Meta Data | |
Response | | Response | |
+-------------+ +-------------+
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ISP-A ) ( ISP-B ) ( ISP-A ) ( ISP-B )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| /\ | /\ | /\ |
| || | || | Pref-A (connection
| Pref-A | Pref-B | Pref-B broken)
| || | || | || |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| BR-A|------|BR-B | | BR-A|------|BR-B |
+-----+ IBGP +-----+ +-----+ IBGP +-----+
+---------+ +---------+
( ) ( )
( ISP-A ) ( ISP-B )
( ) ( )
+---------+ +---------+
| |
+--------+ +--------+
|ISP-BR-A| |ISP-BR-B|
+--------+ +--------+
| /+/ |
/\ | Pref-B /+/ |
|| | /+/ \./
Pref-A| /+/ non- /.\
|| | /+/ direct |
| /+/ EBGP |
+------+ +-------+
|E-BR-A|-----------|E-BR-B |
+------+ IBGP +-------+
+------------------------- Document Set ----------------------------+
| |
| +------------+ +-----------------+ +----------------+ |
| | Document * | | Applicability * | | Coexistence * | |
| | Roadmap | | Statement | | & Transition | |
| +------------+ +-----------------+ +----------------+ |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Message Handling | |
| | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | |
| | | Transport | | Message | | Security | | |
| | | Mappings | | Processing and | | | | |
| | | | | Dispatcher | | | | |
| | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | PDU Handling | |
| | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | |
| | | Protocol | | Applications | | Access | | |
| | | Operations | | | | Control | | |
| | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Information Model | |
| | +--------------+ +--------------+ +---------------+ | |
| | | Structure of | | Textual | | Conformance | | |
| | | Management | | Conventions | | Statements | | |
| | | Information | | | | | | |
| | +--------------+ +--------------+ +---------------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | MIBs | |
| | +-------------+ +-------------+ +----------+ +----------+ | |
| | | Standard v1 | | Standard v1 | | Historic | | Draft v2 | | |
| | | RFC1157 | | RFC1212 | | RFC14XX | | RFC19XX | | |
| | | format | | format | | format | | format | | |
| | +-------------+ +-------------+ +----------+ +----------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| SNMP entity |
| |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | SNMP engine (identified by snmpEngineID) | |
| | | |
| | +------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Dispatcher | | Message | | Security | | Access | | |
| | | | | Processing | | Subsystem | | Control | | |
| | | | | Subsystem | | | | Subsystem | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | +------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Application(s) | |
| | | |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | Command | | Notification | | Proxy | | |
| | | Generator | | Receiver | | Forwarder | | |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | Command | | Notification | | Other | | |
| | | Responder | | Originator | | | | |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Message Processing Subsystem |
| |
| +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ |
| | * | | * | | * | | * | |
| | SNMPv3 | | SNMPv1 | | SNMPv2c | | Other | |
| | Message | | Message | | Message | | Message | |
| | Processing | | Processing | | Processing | | Processing | |
| | Model | | Model | | Model | | Model | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Security Subsystem |
| |
| +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-------------------+ |
| | * | | * | | * | |
| | User-Based | | Other | | Other | |
| | Security | | Security | | Security | |
| | Model | | Model | | Model | |
| | | | | | | |
| +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-------------------+ |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Access Control Subsystem |
| |
| +---------------+ +-----------------+ +------------------+ |
| | * | | * | | * | |
| | View-Based | | Other | | Other | |
| | Access | | Access | | Access | |
| | Control | | Control | | Control | |
| | Model | | Model | | Model | |
| | | | | | | |
| +---------------+ +-----------------+ +------------------+ |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
(traditional SNMP manager)
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +--------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ SNMP entity |
| | NOTIFICATION | | NOTIFICATION | | COMMAND | |
| | ORIGINATOR | | RECEIVER | | GENERATOR | |
| | applications | | applications | | applications | |
| +--------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ |
| ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | |
| v v v |
| +-------+--------+-----------------+ |
| ^ |
| | +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| | | Message Processing | | Security | |
| Dispatcher v | Subsystem | | Subsystem | |
| +-------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| | PDU Dispatcher | | +->| v1MP * |<--->| +------------+ | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Other | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | | | +->| v2cMP * |<--->| | Model | | |
| | Message | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | Dispatcher <--------->+ | | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | | | +->| v3MP * |<--->| | User-based | | |
| | Transport | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | Mapping | | | +------------+ | | | Model | | |
| | (e.g RFC1906) | | +->| otherMP * |<--->| +------------+ | |
| +-------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| ^ +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| | |
| v |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-----+ +-----+ +-------+
| UDP | | IPX | . . . | other |
+-----+ +-----+ +-------+
^ ^ ^
| | |
v v v
+------------------------------+
| Network |
+------------------------------+
An SNMP entity containing one or more command responder and/or
notification originator applications (along with their associated
SNMP engine) has traditionally been called an SNMP agent.
+------------------------------+
| Network |
+------------------------------+
^ ^ ^
| | |
v v v
+-----+ +-----+ +-------+
| UDP | | IPX | . . . | other |
+-----+ +-----+ +-------+ (traditional SNMP agent)
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ^ |
| | +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| | | Message Processing | | Security | |
| Dispatcher v | Subsystem | | Subsystem | |
| +-------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| | Transport | | +->| v1MP * |<--->| +------------+ | |
| | Mapping | | | +------------+ | | | Other | | |
| | (e.g. RFC1906) | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | | | +->| v2cMP * |<--->| | Model | | |
| | Message | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | Dispatcher <--------->| +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | | | +->| v3MP * |<--->| | User-based | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | PDU Dispatcher | | | +------------+ | | | Model | | |
| +-------------------+ | +->| otherMP * |<--->| +------------+ | |
| ^ | +------------+ | | | |
| | +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| v |
| +-------+-------------------------+---------------+ |
| ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | |
| v v v |
| +-------------+ +---------+ +--------------+ +-------------+ |
| | COMMAND | | ACCESS | | NOTIFICATION | | PROXY * | |
| | RESPONDER |<->| CONTROL |<->| ORIGINATOR | | FORWARDER | |
| | application | | | | applications | | application | |
| +-------------+ +---------+ +--------------+ +-------------+ |
| ^ ^ |
| | | |
| v v |
| +----------------------------------------------+ |
| | MIB instrumentation | SNMP entity |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
principal
^
|
|
+----------------------------|-------------+
| SNMP engine v |
| +--------------+ |
| | | |
| +-----------------| securityName |---+ |
| | Security Model | | | |
| | +--------------+ | |
| | ^ | |
| | | | |
| | v | |
| | +------------------------------+ | |
| | | | | |
| | | Model | | |
| | | Dependent | | |
| | | Security ID | | |
| | | | | |
| | +------------------------------+ | |
| | ^ | |
| | | | |
| +-------------------------|----------+ |
| | |
| | |
+----------------------------|-------------+
|
v
network
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| SNMP entity (identified by snmpEngineID, example: abcd) |
| |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | SNMP engine (identified by snmpEngineID) | |
| | | |
| | +-------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Dispatcher | | Message | | Security | | Access | | |
| | | | | Processing | | Subsystem | | Control | | |
| | | | | Subsystem | | | | Subsystem | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | +-------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Command Responder Application | |
| | (contextEngineID, example: abcd) | |
| | | |
| | example contextNames: | |
| | | |
| | "bridge1" "bridge2" "" (default) | |
| | --------- --------- ------------ | |
| | | | | | |
| +------|------------------|-------------------|--------------+ |
| | | | |
| +------|------------------|-------------------|--------------+ |
| | MIB | instrumentation | | | |
| | +---v------------+ +---v------------+ +----v-----------+ | |
| | | context | | context | | context | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | bridge MIB | | | | bridge MIB | | | | other MIB | | | |
| | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | | | | | some MIB | | | |
| | | | | | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
Command Dispatcher Message Security
Generator | Processing Model
| | Model |
| sendPdu | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | prepareOutgoingMessage | |
: |----------------------->| |
: | | generateRequestMsg |
: | |-------------------->|
: | | |
: | |<--------------------|
: | | |
: |<-----------------------| |
: | | |
: |------------------+ | |
: | Send SNMP | | |
: | Request Message | | |
: | to Network | | |
: | v | |
: : : : :
: : : : :
: : : : :
: | | | |
: | Receive SNMP | | |
: | Response Message | | |
: | from Network | | |
: |<-----------------+ | |
: | | |
: | prepareDataElements | |
: |----------------------->| |
: | | processIncomingMsg |
: | |-------------------->|
: | | |
: | |<--------------------|
: | | |
: |<-----------------------| |
| processResponsePdu | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| | | |
Command Dispatcher Message Security
Responder | Processing Model
| | Model |
| | | |
| registerContextEngineID | | |
|------------------------>| | |
|<------------------------| | | |
| | Receive SNMP | | |
: | Message | | |
: | from Network | | |
: |<-------------+ | |
: | | |
: |prepareDataElements | |
: |------------------->| |
: | | processIncomingMsg |
: | |------------------->|
: | | |
: | |<-------------------|
: | | |
: |<-------------------| |
| processPdu | | |
|<------------------------| | |
| | | |
: : : :
: : : :
| returnResponsePdu | | |
|------------------------>| | |
: | prepareResponseMsg | |
: |------------------->| |
: | |generateResponseMsg |
: | |------------------->|
: | | |
: | |<-------------------|
: | | |
: |<-------------------| |
: | | |
: |--------------+ | |
: | Send SNMP | | |
: | Message | | |
: | to Network | | |
: | v | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| SNMP Entity |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Applications | |
| | +-----------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | Command | | Notification | | |
| | | Generator | | Originator | +-----------+ +--------------+| |
| | +-----------+ +--------------+ | Proxy | | Other | |
| | +-----------+ +--------------+ | Forwarder | |Application(s)|| |
| | | Command | | Notification | +-----------+ +--------------+| |
| | | Responder | | Receiver | | |
| | +-----------+ +--------------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| ^ ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | | |
| v v v v |
| +--------+-------+---------------+-----------+ |
| ^ |
| | +---------------------+ +-----------------+ |
| | | Message Processing | | Security | |
| Dispatcher v | Subsystem | | Subsystem | |
| +------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| | PDU Dispatcher | | +->| v1MP * |<--->| +-------------+ | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Other | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | | | +->| v2cMP * |<--->| | Model | | |
| | Message | | | +------------+ | | +-------------+ | |
| | Dispatcher <-------->+ | | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | +-------------+ | |
| | | | +->| v3MP * |<--->| | User-based | | |
| | Transport | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | Mapping | | | +------------+ | | | Model | | |
| | (e.g RFC1906) | | +->| otherMP * |<--->| +-------------+ | |
| +------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| ^ +---------------------+ +-----------------+ |
| | |
+----------|--------------------------------------------------------+
v
+------------------+
| Network |
+------------------+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| +-> securityModel -+ |
| | (a) | |
| who -+ +-> groupName ----+ |
| (1) | | (x) | |
| +-> securityName --+ | |
| (b) | |
| | |
| where -> contextName ---------------------+ |
| (2) (e) | |
| | |
| | |
| +-> securityModel -------------------+ |
| | (a) | |
| how -+ +-> viewName -+ |
| (3) | | (y) | |
| +-> securityLevel -------------------+ | |
| (c) | +-> yes/no |
| | | decision |
| why ---> viewType (read/write/notify) ----+ | (z) |
| (4) (d) | |
| | |
| what --> object-type ------+ | |
| (5) (m) | | |
| +-> variableName (OID) ------+ |
| | (f) |
| which -> object-instance --+ |
| (6) (n) |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+----+----+------------+--------------+----------+-----+
| DA | SA | Req Config | Allow Config | Data | FCS |
+----+----+------------+--------------+----------+-----+
9.0.0.0/8
host <----- router <--- Internet <----- router <-- attacker
TCP/SYN
<---------------------------------------------
Source: 192.168.0.4/32
SYN/ACK
no route
TCP/SYN
<---------------------------------------------
Source: 10.0.0.13/32
SYN/ACK
no route
TCP/SYN
<---------------------------------------------
Source: 172.16.0.2/32
SYN/ACK
no route
11.0.0.0/8
/
router 1
/
/
/ 9.0.0.0/8
ISP <----- ISP <---- ISP <--- ISP <-- router <-- attacker
A B C D 2
/
/
/
router 3
/
12.0.0.0/8
+-------+ +-------+
+----+ | | |
+------+ | | ISP A +------+ ISP B |
| Cust.+---+ | | | |
| X +--------+ | | |
+------+ ++-----++\ +-------+
| | \
| | \ +--------+
++-----++ +-| |
| Cust. | | ISP C |
| Y | | |
+-------+ +--------+
+------------------------- Document Set ----------------------------+
| |
| +------------+ +-----------------+ +----------------+ |
| | Document * | | Applicability * | | Coexistence * | |
| | Roadmap | | Statement | | & Transition | |
| +------------+ +-----------------+ +----------------+ |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Message Handling | |
| | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | |
| | | Transport | | Message | | Security | | |
| | | Mappings | | Processing and | | | | |
| | | | | Dispatcher | | | | |
| | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | PDU Handling | |
| | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | |
| | | Protocol | | Applications | | Access | | |
| | | Operations | | | | Control | | |
| | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Information Model | |
| | +--------------+ +--------------+ +---------------+ | |
| | | Structure of | | Textual | | Conformance | | |
| | | Management | | Conventions | | Statements | | |
| | | Information | | | | | | |
| | +--------------+ +--------------+ +---------------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | MIBs | |
| | +-------------+ +-------------+ +----------+ +----------+ | |
| | | Standard v1 | | Standard v1 | | Historic | | Draft v2 | | |
| | | RFC1157 | | RFC1212 | | RFC14XX | | RFC19XX | | |
| | | format | | format | | format | | format | | |
| | +-------------+ +-------------+ +----------+ +----------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| SNMP entity |
| |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | SNMP engine (identified by snmpEngineID) | |
| | | |
| | +------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Dispatcher | | Message | | Security | | Access | | |
| | | | | Processing | | Subsystem | | Control | | |
| | | | | Subsystem | | | | Subsystem | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | +------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Application(s) | |
| | | |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | Command | | Notification | | Proxy | | |
| | | Generator | | Receiver | | Forwarder | | |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | Command | | Notification | | Other | | |
| | | Responder | | Originator | | | | |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Message Processing Subsystem |
| |
| +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ |
| | * | | * | | * | | * | |
| | SNMPv3 | | SNMPv1 | | SNMPv2c | | Other | |
| | Message | | Message | | Message | | Message | |
| | Processing | | Processing | | Processing | | Processing | |
| | Model | | Model | | Model | | Model | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Security Subsystem |
| |
| +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-------------------+ |
| | * | | * | | * | |
| | User-Based | | Other | | Other | |
| | Security | | Security | | Security | |
| | Model | | Model | | Model | |
| | | | | | | |
| +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-------------------+ |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Access Control Subsystem |
| |
| +---------------+ +-----------------+ +------------------+ |
| | * | | * | | * | |
| | View-Based | | Other | | Other | |
| | Access | | Access | | Access | |
| | Control | | Control | | Control | |
| | Model | | Model | | Model | |
| | | | | | | |
| +---------------+ +-----------------+ +------------------+ |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
(traditional SNMP manager)
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +--------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ SNMP entity |
| | NOTIFICATION | | NOTIFICATION | | COMMAND | |
| | ORIGINATOR | | RECEIVER | | GENERATOR | |
| | applications | | applications | | applications | |
| +--------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ |
| ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | |
| v v v |
| +-------+--------+-----------------+ |
| ^ |
| | +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| | | Message Processing | | Security | |
| Dispatcher v | Subsystem | | Subsystem | |
| +-------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| | PDU Dispatcher | | +->| v1MP * |<--->| +------------+ | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Other | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | | | +->| v2cMP * |<--->| | Model | | |
| | Message | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | Dispatcher <--------->+ | | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | | | +->| v3MP * |<--->| | User-based | | |
| | Transport | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | Mapping | | | +------------+ | | | Model | | |
| | (e.g RFC1906) | | +->| otherMP * |<--->| +------------+ | |
| +-------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| ^ +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| | |
| v |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-----+ +-----+ +-------+
| UDP | | IPX | . . . | other |
+-----+ +-----+ +-------+
^ ^ ^
| | |
v v v
+------------------------------+
| Network |
+------------------------------+
An SNMP entity containing one or more command responder and/or
notification originator applications (along with their associated
SNMP engine) has traditionally been called an SNMP agent.
+------------------------------+
| Network |
+------------------------------+
^ ^ ^
| | |
v v v
+-----+ +-----+ +-------+
| UDP | | IPX | . . . | other |
+-----+ +-----+ +-------+ (traditional SNMP agent)
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ^ |
| | +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| | | Message Processing | | Security | |
| Dispatcher v | Subsystem | | Subsystem | |
| +-------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| | Transport | | +->| v1MP * |<--->| +------------+ | |
| | Mapping | | | +------------+ | | | Other | | |
| | (e.g. RFC1906) | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | | | +->| v2cMP * |<--->| | Model | | |
| | Message | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | Dispatcher <--------->| +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | | | +->| v3MP * |<--->| | User-based | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | PDU Dispatcher | | | +------------+ | | | Model | | |
| +-------------------+ | +->| otherMP * |<--->| +------------+ | |
| ^ | +------------+ | | | |
| | +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| v |
| +-------+-------------------------+---------------+ |
| ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | |
| v v v |
| +-------------+ +---------+ +--------------+ +-------------+ |
| | COMMAND | | ACCESS | | NOTIFICATION | | PROXY * | |
| | RESPONDER |<->| CONTROL |<->| ORIGINATOR | | FORWARDER | |
| | application | | | | applications | | application | |
| +-------------+ +---------+ +--------------+ +-------------+ |
| ^ ^ |
| | | |
| v v |
| +----------------------------------------------+ |
| | MIB instrumentation | SNMP entity |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
principal
^
|
|
+----------------------------|-------------+
| SNMP engine v |
| +--------------+ |
| | | |
| +-----------------| securityName |---+ |
| | Security Model | | | |
| | +--------------+ | |
| | ^ | |
| | | | |
| | v | |
| | +------------------------------+ | |
| | | | | |
| | | Model | | |
| | | Dependent | | |
| | | Security ID | | |
| | | | | |
| | +------------------------------+ | |
| | ^ | |
| | | | |
| +-------------------------|----------+ |
| | |
| | |
+----------------------------|-------------+
|
v
network
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| SNMP entity (identified by snmpEngineID, example: abcd) |
| |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | SNMP engine (identified by snmpEngineID) | |
| | | |
| | +-------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Dispatcher | | Message | | Security | | Access | | |
| | | | | Processing | | Subsystem | | Control | | |
| | | | | Subsystem | | | | Subsystem | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | +-------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Command Responder Application | |
| | (contextEngineID, example: abcd) | |
| | | |
| | example contextNames: | |
| | | |
| | "bridge1" "bridge2" "" (default) | |
| | --------- --------- ------------ | |
| | | | | | |
| +------|------------------|-------------------|--------------+ |
| | | | |
| +------|------------------|-------------------|--------------+ |
| | MIB | instrumentation | | | |
| | +---v------------+ +---v------------+ +----v-----------+ | |
| | | context | | context | | context | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | bridge MIB | | | | bridge MIB | | | | other MIB | | | |
| | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | | | | | some MIB | | | |
| | | | | | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
Command Dispatcher Message Security
Generator | Processing Model
| | Model |
| sendPdu | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | prepareOutgoingMessage | |
: |----------------------->| |
: | | generateRequestMsg |
: | |-------------------->|
: | | |
: | |<--------------------|
: | | |
: |<-----------------------| |
: | | |
: |------------------+ | |
: | Send SNMP | | |
: | Request Message | | |
: | to Network | | |
: | v | |
: : : : :
: : : : :
: : : : :
: | | | |
: | Receive SNMP | | |
: | Response Message | | |
: | from Network | | |
: |<-----------------+ | |
: | | |
: | prepareDataElements | |
: |----------------------->| |
: | | processIncomingMsg |
: | |-------------------->|
: | | |
: | |<--------------------|
: | | |
: |<-----------------------| |
| processResponsePdu | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| | | |
Command Dispatcher Message Security
Responder | Processing Model
| | Model |
| | | |
| registerContextEngineID | | |
|------------------------>| | |
|<------------------------| | | |
| | Receive SNMP | | |
: | Message | | |
: | from Network | | |
: |<-------------+ | |
: | | |
: |prepareDataElements | |
: |------------------->| |
: | | processIncomingMsg |
: | |------------------->|
: | | |
: | |<-------------------|
: | | |
: |<-------------------| |
| processPdu | | |
|<------------------------| | |
| | | |
: : : :
: : : :
| returnResponsePdu | | |
|------------------------>| | |
: | prepareResponseMsg | |
: |------------------->| |
: | |generateResponseMsg |
: | |------------------->|
: | | |
: | |<-------------------|
: | | |
: |<-------------------| |
: | | |
: |--------------+ | |
: | Send SNMP | | |
: | Message | | |
: | to Network | | |
: | v | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| SNMP Entity |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Applications | |
| | +-----------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | Command | | Notification | | |
| | | Generator | | Originator | +-----------+ +--------------+| |
| | +-----------+ +--------------+ | Proxy | | Other | |
| | +-----------+ +--------------+ | Forwarder | |Application(s)|| |
| | | Command | | Notification | +-----------+ +--------------+| |
| | | Responder | | Receiver | | |
| | +-----------+ +--------------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| ^ ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | | |
| v v v v |
| +--------+-------+---------------+-----------+ |
| ^ |
| | +---------------------+ +-----------------+ |
| | | Message Processing | | Security | |
| Dispatcher v | Subsystem | | Subsystem | |
| +------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| | PDU Dispatcher | | +->| v1MP * |<--->| +-------------+ | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Other | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | | | +->| v2cMP * |<--->| | Model | | |
| | Message | | | +------------+ | | +-------------+ | |
| | Dispatcher <-------->+ | | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | +-------------+ | |
| | | | +->| v3MP * |<--->| | User-based | | |
| | Transport | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | Mapping | | | +------------+ | | | Model | | |
| | (e.g RFC1906) | | +->| otherMP * |<--->| +-------------+ | |
| +------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| ^ +---------------------+ +-----------------+ |
| | |
+----------|--------------------------------------------------------+
v
+------------------+
| Network |
+------------------+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| +-> securityModel -+ |
| | (a) | |
| who -+ +-> groupName ----+ |
| (1) | | (x) | |
| +-> securityName --+ | |
| (b) | |
| | |
| where -> contextName ---------------------+ |
| (2) (e) | |
| | |
| | |
| +-> securityModel -------------------+ |
| | (a) | |
| how -+ +-> viewName -+ |
| (3) | | (y) | |
| +-> securityLevel -------------------+ | |
| (c) | +-> yes/no |
| | | decision |
| why ---> viewType (read/write/notify) ----+ | (z) |
| (4) (d) | |
| | |
| what --> object-type ------+ | |
| (5) (m) | | |
| +-> variableName (OID) ------+ |
| | (f) |
| which -> object-instance --+ |
| (6) (n) |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
URN:<NID><NSS>
|
|
|
|
v
+-------------------+
|Global NID registry|
+-------------------+
|
|
|
(return rule or URN resolver service reference)
|
+----------------------------------+
| |
+->(apply rule to determine RDS server) |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| +----------+ |
| |RDS server| +-----------------+
| +----------+ |
| | | v
| | | (set of choices)
| | +----+----------(...)--------+
| (rule) | |
| | | |
| | | |
+------+ | |
v v
+----------+ +----------+
|URN | |URN |
|resolver | |resolver |
|service | |service |
+----------+ +----------+
URN:<NID>:<NSS>
|
|
+-----------+-------(...)-------+
| |
| |
| |
v v
+---------------------+ +---------------------+
|Global NID registry 1| |Global NID registry N|
+---------------------+ +---------------------+
. .
. .
. .
---------------------- ----------------------
| 7.7.7.1 |-------| |-------| 7.7.7.2 |
| | ======== | |
| AS1 | EX1 |-------| 7.7.7.3 AS2 |
| | | |
| 9.9.9.1 |------ ------| 9.9.9.2 |
---------------------- | | ----------------------
===========
| EX2
---------------------- |
| 9.9.9.3 |---------
| |
| AS3 |
----------------------
|<--------------------------- msg_controllen -------------------------->|
| |
|<----- ancillary data object ----->|<----- ancillary data object ----->|
|<---------- CMSG_SPACE() --------->|<---------- CMSG_SPACE() --------->|
| | |
|<---------- cmsg_len ---------->| |<--------- cmsg_len ----------->| |
|<--------- CMSG_LEN() --------->| |<-------- CMSG_LEN() ---------->| |
| | | | |
+-----+-----+-----+--+-----------+--+-----+-----+-----+--+-----------+--+
|cmsg_|cmsg_|cmsg_|XX| |XX|cmsg_|cmsg_|cmsg_|XX| |XX|
|len |level|type |XX|cmsg_data[]|XX|len |level|type |XX|cmsg_data[]|XX|
+-----+-----+-----+--+-----------+--+-----+-----+-----+--+-----------+--+
^
|
msg_control
points here
Server _____ proxy _____ proxy __________ user
x.org cache cache agent
< --------------
| GET ../paper
|
has the list
in cache
|
------------- > [list response]
list |
|
choose
|
< --------------------------
| GET ../paper.1
|
has the variant
in cache
|
-------------------------- > [normal response]
return of paper.1
Server _____ proxy _____ proxy __________ user
x.org cache cache agent
normal | variant list | structured
entity tag | validator | entity tag
-------------+----------------+-----------------
"etag" | "vlv" | "etag;vlv"
W/"etag" | "vlv" | W/"etag;vlv"
< -------------------------------------
| POST http://x.org/cgi/submit
| <form contents in request body>
|
-------------------------------------- >
303 See Other |
Location: http://x.org/result/OK |
|
< -------------------------------------
| GET http://x.org/result/OK
| small Accept- headers
|
able to choose on
behalf of user agent
|
------------------------------------- >
choice response with |
..result/OK.nl variant |
displays OK.nl
+======================================================================+
| Condition | Action | New State |
+====================+=====================================+===========+
| SYN || SYNACK | Send ACK (note 2) | ESTAB |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------+-----------+
| ACK && B && C | Send ACK (note 3) | ESTAB |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------+-----------+
| ACK && !(B && C) | Send RSTACK | ESTAB |
+======================================================================+
S T A T U S
Req Rec Ele Lim Not
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Std | X | XXX | XXX | | |
S +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Draft | X | X | XXX | | |
T +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Prop | | X | XXX | | |
A +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Info | | | | | |
T +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Expr | | | | XXX | |
E +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Hist | | | | | XXX |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
(nextIFD)
PRIMARY IFD 0 ------------> PRIMARY IFD 1--> ...
ImageLayer = [2,1]
NewSubFileType = 18
SubIFDs
|
V
Child IFD
ImageLayer = [1,1]
NewSubFileType = 16
|
|(nextIFD)
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| VersionYear* | byte sequence: year of ITU fax standard |
+------------------+-----------------------------------------+
XResolution x Yresolution | ImageWidth
--------------------------------------------|------------------
204x98, 204x196, 204x391, 200x100, 200x200 | 1728, 2048, 2432
300x300 | 2592, 3072, 3648
408x391, 400x400 | 3456, 4096, 4864
--------------------------------------------|------------------
StripByteCounts | |required
StripOffsets | |required
T4Options | Bit 0 = 0 |MH
| Bit 1 = 0 |
| Bit 2 = 0,1 |Non-Byte-aligned,
| | Byte-Aligned EOLs
XResolution | 204 |Units is per inch
YResolution | 196,98 |Units is per inch
------------------|--------------|------------------------------
Field | Values | Minimum | Comment
------------------|-------------|-------------|----------------------
BitsPerSample | 1 | 1 |one bit per sample
Compression | 3,4 | 3 |3 for T.4 (MH, MR)
| | |4 for T.6 - MMR
FillOrder | 2,1 | 2 |LSB first or MSB first
ImageWidth | 1728, 2048, | 1728 |depends on XResolution
| 2432, 2592, | |
| 3072, 3648, | |
| 3456, 4096, | |
| 4864 | |
ImageLength | >0 | |required
NewSubFileType | Bit 1 = 1 | Bit 1 = 1 |single page of
| | |multipage file
Orientation * | 1 | |1st row=top left,
| | | 1st col=top
PageNumber | X/X | 0/1 |pg/tot, 0 base,
| | | tot in 1st IFD
PhotometricInterp | 0,1 | 0 |0 is white
ResolutionUnit | 2,3 | 2 |inches (default)
RowsPerStrip |=ImageLength |=ImageLength |
| or other | |
SamplesPerPixel | 1 | 1 |one sample per pixel
StripByteCounts | >0 | |required
StripOffsets | >0 | |required
T4Options | Bit 0 = 0,1 | Bit 0 = 0 |MH,MR(incl if not MMR)
| Bit 1 = 0 | Bit 1 = 0 |
| Bit 2 = 0,1 | Bit 2 = 0,1 | Non-Byte-aligned and
| | | Byte-Aligned EOLs
T6Options | 0 | |MMR (incl only if MMR)
XResolution | 204,200,300,| 204 | If unit is per inch
| 400,408, | |
| 77 | | If unit is per cm
YResolution | 196,98,100, | 196,98 | If unit is per inch
| 200,300,391,| |
| 400, | |
| 77,38.5 | | If unit is per cm
------------------|-------------|-------------|----------------------
ipoaVcTable ipNetToMediatable
------------------------------ ----------------------------
| ipNetToMediaIfIndex | | ipNetToMediaIfIndex |
| ipNetToMediaNetAddress | | ipNetToMediaNetAddress |
| ipoaVcVpi | | |
| ipoaVcVci | | |
| ipoaVcType | | |
| ---> use IpoaAtmAddr TC | | ipNetToMediaPhysAddress |
| ipoaVcNegotiatedEncapsType | | |
| ipoaVcNegotiatedMtu | | |
| | | ipNetToMediaType |
------------------------------ ----------------------------
ipoaVcTable ipoaConfigPvcTable
------------------------------ ----------------------------
| ipNetToMediaIfIndex | | ipNetToMediaIfIndex |
| ipNetToMediaNetAddress | | |
| ipoaVcVpi | | ipoaConfigPvcVpi |
| ipoaVcVci | | ipoaConfigPvcVci |
| ipoaVcType | | |
| | | ipoaConfigPvcDefaultMtu |
| ipoaVcNegotiatedEncapsType | | |
| ipoaVcNegotiatedMtu | | |
| | | ipoaConfigPvcRowStatus |
------------------------------ ----------------------------
ipoaArpClientTable ipAddrTable
----------------------------------- ------------------------
| ipAdEntAddr | | ipAdEntAddr |
| | | ipAdEntNetMask |
| | | ipAdEntIfIndex |
| ipoaArpClientAtmAddr | | |
| ipoaArpClientSrvrInUse | | |
| ipoaArpClientInArpInReqs | | |
| ipoaArpClientInArpOutReqs | | |
| ipoaArpClientInArpInReplies | | |
| ipoaArpClientInArpOutReplies | | |
| ipoaArpClientInArpInvalidInReqs | | |
| ipoaArpClientInArpInvalidOutReqs| | |
| ipoaArpClientArpInReqs | | |
| ipoaArpClientArpOutReqs | | |
| ipoaArpClientArpInReplies | | |
| ipoaArpClientArpOutReplies | | |
| ipoaArpClientArpInNaks | | |
| ipoaArpClientArpOutNaks | | |
| ipoaArpClientArpUnknownOps | | |
| ipoaArpClientArpNoSrvrResps | | |
| ipoaArpClientRowStatus | | |
| | | ipAdEntBcastAddr |
| | | ipAdEntReasmMaxSize |
----------------------------------- ------------------------
comb neck body feet
| | | |
v v V V
,^/'/, ,______________________. ,
i' ' / / =========<-
/ <o> `---------/ \ `
.;__. ,__,--------. / ,
/ ,/ vv \ =========<-
'-' `-----------------------' `
^ ^ ^
| | |
beak wattles legs
comb neck body feet
| | | |
v v V V
,^/'/, ,______________________. ,
i' ' / / =========<-
/ <o> `---------/ \_____________m
.;__. ,__,--------. / ,
/ ,/ vv \ =========<-
'-' `-----------------------' `
^ ^ ^ ^
| | | |
beak wattles legs ethernet
|--------------------|
| SAP header |
|--------------------|
| text payload |
|//////////
* |RT1|RT2|
+---+Ia +---+ * ------------
|RT1|------|RT2| T RT1| | X |
+---+ Ib+---+ O RT2| X | |
* Ia| | X |
* Ib| X | |
**FROM**
+---+ *
|RT7| * |RT7| N3|
+---+ T ------------
| O RT7| | |
+----------------------+ * N3| X | |
N3 *
|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|
|1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 |8 |9 |10|11|12|N3|N6|N8|N9|
----- ---------------------------------------------
RT1| | | | | | | | | | | | |0 | | | |
RT2| | | | | | | | | | | | |0 | | | |
RT3| | | | | |6 | | | | | | |0 | | | |
RT4| | | | |8 | | | | | | | |0 | | | |
RT5| | | |8 | |6 |6 | | | | | | | | | |
RT6| | |8 | |7 | | | | |5 | | | | | | |
RT7| | | | |6 | | | | | | | | |0 | | |
* RT8| | | | | | | | | | | | | |0 | | |
* RT9| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |0 |
T RT10| | | | | |7 | | | | | | | |0 |0 | |
O RT11| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |0 |0 |
* RT12| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |0 |
* N1|3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
N2| |3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
N3|1 |1 |1 |1 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
N4| | |2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
N6| | | | | | |1 |1 | |1 | | | | | | |
N7| | | | | | | |4 | | | | | | | | |
N8| | | | | | | | | |3 |2 | | | | | |
N9| | | | | | | | |1 | |1 |1 | | | | |
N10| | | | | | | | | | | |2 | | | | |
N11| | | | | | | | |3 | | | | | | | |
N12| | | | |8 | |2 | | | | | | | | | |
N13| | | | |8 | | | | | | | | | | | |
N14| | | | |8 | | | | | | | | | | | |
N15| | | | | | |9 | | | | | | | | | |
H1| | | | | | | | | | | |10| | | | |
|RT12|N9|N10|H1| |RT9|RT11|RT12|N9|
* -------------------- * ----------------------
* RT12| | | | | * RT9| | | |0 |
T N9|1 | | | | T RT11| | | |0 |
O N10|2 | | | | O RT12| | | |0 |
* H1|10 | | | | * N9| | | | |
* *
RT12's router-LSA N9's network-LSA
RT6(origin)
RT5 o------------o-----------o Ib
/|\ 6 |\ 7
8/8|8\ | \
/ | \ 6| \
o | o | \7
N12 o N14 | \
N13 2 | \
N4 o-----o RT3 \
/ \ 5
1/ RT10 o-------o Ia
/ |\
RT4 o-----o N3 3| \1
/| | \ N6 RT7
/ | N8 o o---------o
/ | | | /|
RT2 o o RT1 | | 2/ |9
/ | | |RT8 / |
/3 |3 RT11 o o o o
/ | | | N12 N15
N2 o o N1 1| |4
| |
N9 o o N7
/|
/ |
N11 RT9 / |RT12
o--------o-------o o--------o H1
3 | 10
|2
|
o N10
Destination Next Hop Distance
__________________________________
N1 RT3 10
N2 RT3 10
N3 RT3 7
N4 RT3 8
Ib * 7
Ia RT10 12
N6 RT10 8
N7 RT10 12
N8 RT10 10
N9 RT10 11
N10 RT10 13
N11 RT10 14
H1 RT10 21
__________________________________
RT5 RT5 6
RT7 RT10 8
Destination Next Hop Distance
__________________________________
N12 RT10 10
N13 RT5 14
N14 RT5 14
N15 RT10 17
...........................
. + .
. | 3+---+ . N12 N14
. N1|--|RT1|\ 1 . \ N13 /
. | +---+ \ . 8\ |8/8
. + \ ____ . \|/
. / \ 1+---+8 8+---+6
. * N3 *---|RT4|------|RT5|--------+
. \____/ +---+ +---+ |
. + / \ . |7 |
. | 3+---+ / \ . | |
. N2|--|RT2|/1 1\ . |6 |
. | +---+ +---+8 6+---+ |
. + |RT3|------|RT6| |
. +---+ +---+ |
. 2/ . Ia|7 |
. / . | |
. +---------+ . | |
.Area 1 N4 . | |
........................... | |
.......................... | |
. N11 . | |
. +---------+ . | |
. | . | | N12
. |3 . Ib|5 |6 2/
. +---+ . +----+ +---+/
. |RT9| . .........|RT10|.....|RT7|---N15.
. +---+ . . +----+ +---+ 9 .
. |1 . . + /3 1\ |1 .
. _|__ . . | / \ __|_ .
. / \ 1+----+2 |/ \ / \ .
. * N9 *------|RT11|----| * N6 * .
. \____/ +----+ | \____/ .
. | . . | | .
. |1 . . + |1 .
. +--+ 10+----+ . . N8 +---+ .
. |H1|-----|RT12| . . |RT8| .
. +--+SLIP +----+ . . +---+ .
. |2 . . |4 .
. | . . | .
. +---------+ . . +--------+ .
Network RT3 adv. RT4 adv.
_____________________________
N1 4 4
N2 4 4
N3 1 1
N4 2 3
|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|
|1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |7 |N3|
----- -------------------
RT1| | | | | | |0 |
RT2| | | | | | |0 |
RT3| | | | | | |0 |
* RT4| | | | | | |0 |
* RT5| | |14|8 | | | |
T RT7| | |20|14| | | |
O N1|3 | | | | | | |
* N2| |3 | | | | | |
* N3|1 |1 |1 |1 | | | |
N4| | |2 | | | | |
Ia,Ib| | |20|27| | | |
N6| | |16|15| | | |
N7| | |20|19| | | |
N8| | |18|18| | | |
N9-N11,H1| | |29|36| | | |
N12| | | | |8 |2 | |
N13| | | | |8 | | |
N14| | | | |8 | | |
N15| | | | | |9 | |
|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT
|3 |4 |5 |6 |7 |10|11|
------------------------
RT3| | | |6 | | | |
RT4| | |8 | | | | |
RT5| |8 | |6 |6 | | |
RT6|8 | |7 | | |5 | |
RT7| | |6 | | | | |
* RT10| | | |7 | | |2 |
* RT11| | | | | |3 | |
T N1|4 |4 | | | | | |
O N2|4 |4 | | | | | |
* N3|1 |1 | | | | | |
* N4|2 |3 | | | | | |
Ia| | | | | |5 | |
Ib| | | |7 | | | |
N6| | | | |1 |1 |3 |
N7| | | | |5 |5 |7 |
N8| | | | |4 |3 |2 |
N9-N11,H1| | | | | | |11|
N12| | |8 | |2 | | |
N13| | |8 | | | | |
N14| | |8 | | | | |
N15| | | | |9 | | |
dist from dist from
RT3 RT4
__________________________________
to RT3 * 21
to RT4 22 *
to RT7 20 14
to RT10 15 22
to RT11 18 25
__________________________________
to Ia 20 27
to Ib 15 22
__________________________________
to RT5 14 8
to RT7 20 14
Destination RT3 adv. RT4 adv.
_________________________________
Ia,Ib 20 27
N6 16 15
N7 20 19
N8 18 18
N9-N11,H1 29 36
_________________________________
RT5 14 8
RT7 20 14
Network address IP address mask Subnet size
_______________________________________________
128.185.16.0 0xfffff000 4K
128.185.1.0 0xffffff00 256
128.185.0.8 0xfffffff8 8
LS LSA LSA description
type name
________________________________________________________
1 Router-LSAs Originated by all routers.
This LSA describes
the collected states of the
router's interfaces to an
area. Flooded throughout a
single area only.
________________________________________________________
2 Network-LSAs Originated for broadcast
and NBMA networks by
the Designated Router. This
LSA contains the
list of routers connected
to the network. Flooded
throughout a single area only.
________________________________________________________
3,4 Summary-LSAs Originated by area border
routers, and flooded through-
out the LSA's associated
area. Each summary-LSA
describes a route to a
destination outside the area,
yet still inside the AS
(i.e., an inter-area route).
Type 3 summary-LSAs describe
routes to networks. Type 4
summary-LSAs describe
routes to AS boundary routers.
________________________________________________________
5 AS-external-LSAs Originated by AS boundary
routers, and flooded through-
out the AS. Each
AS-external-LSA describes
a route to a destination in
another Autonomous System.
Default routes for the AS can
also be described by
AS-external-LSAs.
+----+
|RT10|------+
+----+ \+-------------+
/ \ |Routing Table|
/ \ +-------------+
/ \
+------+ / \ +--------+
|Area 2|---+ +---|Backbone|
+------+***********+ +--------+
/ \ * / \
/ \ * / \
+---------+ +---------+ +------------+ +------------+
|Interface| |Interface| |Virtual Link| |Interface Ib|
| to N6 | | to N8 | | to RT11 | +------------+
+---------+ +---------+ +------------+ |
/ \ | | |
/ \ | | |
+--------+ +--------+ | +-------------+ +------------+
|Neighbor| |Neighbor| | |Neighbor RT11| |Neighbor RT6|
| RT8 | | RT7 | | +-------------+ +------------+
+--------+ +--------+ |
|
+-------------+
|Neighbor RT11|
+-------------+
+---+ +---+
|RT1|------------|RT2| o---------------o
+---+ N1 +---+ RT1 RT2
Type Packet name detailed section (transmit)
_________________________________________________________
1 Hello Section 9.5
2 Database description Section 10.8
3 Link state request Section 10.9
4 Link state update Section 13.3
5 Link state ack Section 13.5
Type Packet name detailed section (receive)
________________________________________________________
1 Hello Section 10.5
2 Database description Section 10.6
3 Link state request Section 10.7
4 Link state update Section 13
5 Link state ack Section 13.7
+----+ UnloopInd +--------+
|Down|<--------------|Loopback|
+----+ +--------+
|
|InterfaceUp
+-------+ | +--------------+
|Waiting|<-+-------------->|Point-to-point|
+-------+ +--------------+
|
WaitTimer|BackupSeen
|
|
| NeighborChange
+------+ +-+<---------------- +-------+
|Backup|<----------|?|----------------->|DROther|
+------+---------->+-+<-----+ +-------+
Neighbor | |
Change | |Neighbor
| |Change
| +--+
+---->|DR|
+--+
+-------+
|ExStart|
+-------+
|
NegotiationDone|
+->+--------+
|Exchange|
+--+--------+
|
Exchange|
Done |
+----+ | +-------+
|Full|<---------+----->|Loading|
+----+<-+ +-------+
| LoadingDone |
+------------------+
Down Down
Hello(DR=0,seen=0)
------------------------------>
Hello (DR=RT2,seen=RT1,...) Init
<------------------------------
ExStart D-D (Seq=x,I,M,Master)
------------------------------>
D-D (Seq=y,I,M,Master) ExStart
<------------------------------
Exchange D-D (Seq=y,M,Slave)
------------------------------>
D-D (Seq=y+1,M,Master) Exchange
<------------------------------
D-D (Seq=y+1,M,Slave)
------------------------------>
...
...
...
D-D (Seq=y+n, Master)
<------------------------------
D-D (Seq=y+n, Slave)
Loading ------------------------------>
LS Request Full
------------------------------>
LS Update
<------------------------------
LS Request
------------------------------>
LS Update
<------------------------------
Full
Type Dest Area Path Type Cost Next Adv.
Hop(s) Router(s)
____________________________________________________________
N N1 0 intra-area 10 RT3 *
N N2 0 intra-area 10 RT3 *
N N3 0 intra-area 7 RT3 *
N N4 0 intra-area 8 RT3 *
N Ib 0 intra-area 7 * *
N Ia 0 intra-area 12 RT10 *
N N6 0 intra-area 8 RT10 *
N N7 0 intra-area 12 RT10 *
N N8 0 intra-area 10 RT10 *
N N9 0 intra-area 11 RT10 *
N N10 0 intra-area 13 RT10 *
N N11 0 intra-area 14 RT10 *
N H1 0 intra-area 21 RT10 *
R RT5 0 intra-area 6 RT5 *
R RT7 0 intra-area 8 RT10 *
____________________________________________________________
N N12 * type 1 ext. 10 RT10 RT7
N N13 * type 1 ext. 14 RT5 RT5
N N14 * type 1 ext. 14 RT5 RT5
N N15 * type 1 ext. 17 RT10 RT7
Type Dest Area Path Type Cost Next Adv.
Hops(s) Router(s)
__________________________________________________________________
N N1 1 intra-area 4 RT1 *
N N2 1 intra-area 4 RT2 *
N N3 1 intra-area 1 * *
N N4 1 intra-area 3 RT3 *
R RT3 1 intra-area 1 * *
__________________________________________________________________
N Ib 0 intra-area 22 RT5 *
N Ia 0 intra-area 27 RT5 *
R RT3 0 intra-area 21 RT5 *
R RT5 0 intra-area 8 * *
R RT7 0 intra-area 14 RT5 *
R RT10 0 intra-area 22 RT5 *
R RT11 0 intra-area 25 RT5 *
__________________________________________________________________
N N6 0 inter-area 15 RT5 RT7
N N7 0 inter-area 19 RT5 RT7
N N8 0 inter-area 18 RT5 RT7
N N9-N11,H1 0 inter-area 36 RT5 RT11
__________________________________________________________________
N N12 * type 1 ext. 16 RT5 RT5,RT7
N N13 * type 1 ext. 16 RT5 RT5
N N14 * type 1 ext. 16 RT5 RT5
N N15 * type 1 ext. 23 RT5 RT7
Type Dest Area Path Type Cost Next Adv.
Hop(s) Router(s)
________________________________________________________________
N Ib 0 intra-area 16 RT3 *
N Ia 0 intra-area 21 RT3 *
R RT3 0 intra-area 1 * *
R RT10 0 intra-area 16 RT3 *
R RT11 0 intra-area 19 RT3 *
________________________________________________________________
N N9-N11,H1 0 inter-area 30 RT3 RT11
OSPF encoding RFC 1349 TOS values
___________________________________________
0 0000 normal service
2 0001 minimize monetary cost
4 0010 maximize reliability
6 0011
8 0100 maximize throughput
10 0101
12 0110
14 0111
16 1000 minimize delay
18 1001
20 1010
22 1011
24 1100
26 1101
28 1110
30 1111
....................................
. 192.1.2 Area 1 .
. + .
. | .
. | 3+---+1 .
. N1 |--|RT1|-----+ .
. | +---+ \ .
. | \ _______N3 .
. + \/ \ . 1+---+
. * 192.1.1 *------|RT4|
. + /\_______/ . +---+
. | / | .
. | 3+---+1 / | .
. N2 |--|RT2|-----+ 1| .
. | +---+ +---+8 . 6+---+
. | |RT3|----------------|RT6|
. + +---+ . +---+
. 192.1.3 |2 . 18.10.0.6|7
. | . |
. +------------+ .
. 192.1.4 (N4) .
....................................
Link type Description Link ID
__________________________________________________
1 Point-to-point Neighbor Router ID
link
2 Link to transit Interface address of
network Designated Router
3 Link to stub IP network number
network
4 Virtual link Neighbor Router ID
Action taken in state
Circumstances Backup All other states
_________________________________________________________________
LSA has No acknowledgment No acknowledgment
been flooded back sent. sent.
out receiving in-
terface (see Sec-
tion 13, step 5b).
_________________________________________________________________
LSA is Delayed acknowledg- Delayed ack-
more recent than ment sent if adver- nowledgment sent.
database copy, but tisement received
was not flooded from Designated
back out receiving Router, otherwise
interface do nothing
_________________________________________________________________
LSA is a Delayed acknowledg- No acknowledgment
duplicate, and was ment sent if adver- sent.
treated as an im- tisement received
plied acknowledg- from Designated
ment (see Section Router, otherwise
13, step 7a). do nothing
_________________________________________________________________
LSA is a Direct acknowledg- Direct acknowledg-
duplicate, and was ment sent. ment sent.
not treated as an
implied ack-
nowledgment.
_________________________________________________________________
LSA's LS Direct acknowledg- Direct acknowledg-
age is equal to ment sent. ment sent.
MaxAge, and there is
no current instance
of the LSA
in the link state
database, and none
of router's neighbors
are in states Exchange or Loading (see
Section 13, step 4).
........................
. Area 1 (transit) . +
. . |
. +---+1 1+---+100 |
. |RT2|----------|RT4|=========|
. 1/+---+********* +---+ |
. /******* . |
. 1/*Virtual . |
1+---+/* Link . Net|work
=======|RT1|* . | N1
+---+\ . |
. \ . |
. \ . |
. 1\+---+1 1+---+20 |
. |RT3|----------|RT5|=========|
. +---+ +---+ |
. . |
........................ +
+------------------------------------+
| * | * | DC | EA | N/P | MC | E | * |
+------------------------------------+
LS Type Description
___________________________________
1 Router-LSAs
2 Network-LSAs
3 Summary-LSAs (IP network)
4 Summary-LSAs (ASBR)
5 AS-external-LSAs
Imple- Inter-
Feature mented operated Deployed
_______________________________________________________
OSPF areas 10 10 10
Stub areas 10 10 9
Virtual links 10 9 8
Equal-cost multipath 10 7 8
NBMA support 9 8 7
CIDR addressing 8 5 6
OSPF MIB 8 5 5
Cryptographic auth. 3 2 1
Point-to-Multipoint ifc. 6 3 4
Parameter Responses Min Mode Mean Max
_________________________________________________________________
Max routers in domain 7 30 240 460 1600
Max routers in single area 7 20 240 380 1600
Max areas in domain 7 1 10 16 60
Max AS-external-LSAs 9 50 10K 10K 30K
Parameter Responses Min Mode Mean Max
_________________________________________________________________
Max routers in domain 8 20 350 510 1000
Max routers in single area 8 20 100 160 350
Max areas in domain 7 1 15 23 60
Max AS-external-LSAs 6 50 1K 2K 5K
----------------------------------------------------------
| aal_parameters |
----------------------------------------------------------
| aal_type 5 (AAL 5) |
| fwd_max_sdu_size_identifier 140 |
| fwd_max_sdu_size 65,535 (desired IP MTU) |
| bkw_max_sdu_size_identifier 129 |
| bkw_max_sdu_size 65,535 (desired IP MTU) |
| sscs_type identifier 132 |
| sscs_type 0 (null SSCS) |
----------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------
| bb_low_layer_information |
----------------------------------------------------------
| layer_2_id 2 |
| user_information_layer 12 (lan_llc - ISO 8802/2) |
----------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------
| bb_bearer_capability |
------------------------------------------------------------|
| spare 0 |
| bearer_class bcob-x,c,a or VP |
| transfer_capability cbr, rt-vbr, nrt-vbr, abr |
| susceptibility_to_clipping 0 (not suscept) |
| spare 0 |
| user_plane_configuration pt-to-pt, pt-to-mpt |
-------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------
| called_party_number |
----------------------------------------------------------
| type_of_number (international number / unknown) |
| addr_plan_ident (ISDN / ATM Endsystem Address) |
| addr_number (E.164 / ATM Endsystem Address) |
----------------------------------------------------------
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
SETUP
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
|ATM Service Category| CBR |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Conformance |CBR.1 (note 10)| (note 4) | (note 4) |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Bearer Capability | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| BB Bearer Class | A | X | VP | A | X | VP^| A | X | VP^|
|--------------------|---------------|----|-----|----|----|-----|----|
| ATM Transfer | | | 4,5,| | | 4,5,| |
| Capability (note 1)| 7 | abs| or 6| 5 | abs| or 6| 5 |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Traffic Descriptor | | | |
| for a given dir. | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| PCR (CLP=0) | | | S |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| PCR (CLP=0+1) | S | S | S |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| SCR, MBS (CLP=0) | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| SCR, MBS (CLP=0+1) | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Best Effort | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Tagging | N | N | Y/N |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Frame Discard | Y/N | Y/N | Y/N |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| QoS Classes | * | * | * |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Transit Delay | O | O | O |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Peak-to-Peak CDV | O | O | O |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| CLR (CLP=0)~ | | O | O |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| CLR (CLP=0+1)~ | O | | |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
|ATM Service Category| Real Time VBR |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Conformance |VBR.1 (note 10)| VBR.2 | VBR.3 |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Bearer Capability | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| BB Bearer Class | C | X | VP | C | X | VP | C | X | VP |
|--------------------|---------------|----|-----|----|----|-----|----|
| ATM Transfer | | | 1 | | | 1 | |
| Capability | 19 | 9 | or 9| 9 | 9 | or 9| 9 |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Traffic Descriptor | | | |
| for a given dir. | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| PCR (CLP=0) | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| PCR (CLP=0+1) | S | S | S |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| SCR, MBS (CLP=0) | | S | S |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| SCR, MBS (CLP=0+1) | S | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Best Effort | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Tagging | N | N | Y/N |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Frame Discard | Y/N | Y/N | Y/N |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| QoS Classes | * | * | * |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Transit Delay(nt.2)| O | O | O |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Peak-to-Peak CDV | O | O | O |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| CLR (CLP=0)~ | | O | O |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| CLR (CLP=0+1)~ | O | | |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
|ATM Service Category| Real Time VBR |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Conformance | (note 4,7) | (note 4,8) | (note 4) |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Bearer Capability | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| BB Bearer Class | X | X | X | C or VP^|
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|-----|---------|
| ATM Transfer | | | | |
| Capability | 1 or 9 | 1 or 9 | 1or9| 9 |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Traffic Descriptor | | | |
| for a given dir. | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| PCR (CLP=0) | S | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| PCR (CLP=0+1) | S | S | S |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| SCR, MBS (CLP=0) | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| SCR, MBS (CLP=0+1) | | | S |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Best Effort | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Tagging | Y/N | N | N |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Frame Discard | Y/N | Y/N | Y/N |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| QoS Classes | * | * | * |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Transit Delay(nt.2)| O | O | O |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Peak-to-Peak CDV | O | O | O |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| CLR (CLP=0)~ | O | O | O |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| CLR (CLP=0+1)~ | | | |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
|ATM Service Category| Non-Real Time VBR |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Conformance |VBR.1 (note 10)| VBR.2 | VBR.3 |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Bearer Capability | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| BB Bearer Class | C | X | VP |C | X | VP|C | X | VP|
|--------------------|---------------|--|--------|---|--|--------|---|
| ATM Transfer | | |abs,0,2,|abs| |abs,0,2,|abs|
| Capability | 11 |ab| 8,10 |10 |ab| 8,10 |10 |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Traffic Descriptor | | | |
| for a given dir. | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| PCR (CLP=0) | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| PCR (CLP=0+1) | S | S | S |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| SCR, MBS (CLP=0) | | S | S |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| SCR, MBS (CLP=0+1) | S | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Best Effort | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Tagging | N | N | Y |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Frame Discard | Y/N | Y/N | Y/N |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| QoS Classes | * | * | * |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Transit Delay(nt.2)| (note 3) | (note 3) | (note 3) |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Peak-to-Peak CDV | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| CLR (CLP=0)~ | | O | O |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| CLR (CLP=0+1)~ | O | | |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
|ATM Service Category| Non-Real Time VBR |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Conformance | (note 4,7) | (note 4,8) | (note 4) |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Bearer Capability | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| BB Bearer Class | C | X | C | X |C | X |VP^|
|--------------------|-------|-------|-------|-------|--|--------|---|
| ATM Transfer | |abs,0,2| |abs,0,2| |abs,0,2,|abs|
| Capability | abs |8 or 10| |8 or 10|ab| 8 or10 |10 |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Traffic Descriptor | | | |
| for a given dir. | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| PCR (CLP=0) | S | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| PCR (CLP=0+1) | S | S | S |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| SCR, MBS (CLP=0) | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| SCR, MBS (CLP=0+1) | | | S |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Best Effort | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Tagging | Y/N | N | N |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Frame Discard | Y/N | Y/N | Y/N |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| QoS Classes | * | * | * |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Transit Delay(nt.2)| (note 3) | (note 3) | (note 3) |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Peak-to-Peak CDV | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| CLR (CLP=0)~ | O | O | O |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| CLR (CLP=0+1)~ | | | |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
|ATM Service Category| ABR | UBR |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Conformance | ABR | UBR.1 | UBR.2 |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Bearer Capability | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| BB Bearer Class | C | X | VP |C | X | VP|C | X | VP|
|--------------------|---------------|--|--------|---|--|--------|---|
| ATM Transfer | | |abs,0,2,|abs| |abs,0,2,|abs|
| Capability | 12 |ab| 8,10 |10 |ab| 8,10 |10 |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Traffic Descriptor | | | |
| for a given dir. | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| PCR (CLP=0) | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| PCR (CLP=0+1) | S | S | S |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| SCR, MBS (CLP=0) | | S | S |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| SCR, MBS (CLP=0+1) | S | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| ABR MCR | (note 6) | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Best Effort | | S (note 9) | S (note 9) |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Tagging | N | N | N |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Frame Discard | Y/N | Y/N | Y/N |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| QoS Classes | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Transit Delay(nt.2)| | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| Peak-to-Peak CDV | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| CLR (CLP=0)~ | | | |
|--------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| CLR (CLP=0+1)~ | | | |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+------------+
| |
+--->| DOWN |
| | |
| +------------+
| |
^ |
| @
| +------------+
| |Master/Slave|
|-<--| |<---+
| |Negotiation | |
| +------------+ |
| | |
^ | ^
| @ |
| +------------+ |
| | Cache | |
|-<--| |-->-|
| | Summarize | |
| +------------+ |
| | |
^ | ^
| @ |
| +------------+ |
| | Update | |
|-<--| |-->-|
| | Cache | |
| +------------+ |
| | |
^ | ^
| @ |
| +------------+ |
| | | |
+-<--| Aligned |-->-+
| |
+------------+
+-----+ +-----+
| MR1 | | BR1 |
| | | |
| | | |
VRID=1 +-----+ +-----+
IP A ---------->* *<--------- IP B
| |
| |
| |
------------------+------------+-----+--------+--------+--------+--
^ ^ ^ ^
| | | |
(IP A) (IP A) (IP A) (IP A)
| | | |
+--+--+ +--+--+ +--+--+ +--+--+
| H1 | | H2 | | H3 | | H4 |
+-----+ +-----+ +--+--+ +--+--+
Legend:
---+---+---+-- = Ethernet, Token Ring, or FDDI
H = Host computer
MR = Master Router
BR = Backup Router
* = IP Address
(IP) = default router for hosts
+-----+ +-----+
| MR1 | | MR2 |
| & | | & |
| BR2 | | BR1 |
VRID=1 +-----+ +-----+ VRID=2
IP A ---------->* *<---------- IP B
| |
| |
| |
------------------+------------+-----+--------+--------+--------+--
^ ^ ^ ^
| | | |
(IP A) (IP A) (IP B) (IP B)
| | | |
+--+--+ +--+--+ +--+--+ +--+--+
| H1 | | H2 | | H3 | | H4 |
+-----+ +-----+ +--+--+ +--+--+
Legend:
---+---+---+-- = Ethernet, Token Ring, or FDDI
H = Host computer
MR = Master Router
BR = Backup Router
* = IP Address
(IP) = default router for hosts
------------------------
| Application |
------------------------
| Presentation |
------------------------
| Session |
------------------------
| Transport |
------------------------ -------------------------
| Network (e.g., IP) | / Network VNS |
----------------------------- |
| Data Link |--------------------------
----------------------------- |
| Physical | \ data link (e.g., ATM) |
------------------------ -------------------------
...----[L]----+---[L]-----...
|
|
[H]
|
________|________________________
| |
________|__ ______|________
| | | |
| PSTN [R] [R] ISDN |
| Cloud | | Cloud [N]__[U]
| | Internet | |
| | [R] |
[N]______[R] |_____________|
| | |
| | |
[U] |________________________________|
---------------------------------
| |
| L2F Header |
| |
---------------------------------
| |
| Payload packet (SLIP/PPP) |
| |
---------------------------------
| |
| L2F Checksum (optional) |
| |
---------------------------------
+-------+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+-->
| opc |filename| 0 | mode | 0 | opt1 | 0 | value1 | 0 | <
+-------+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+-->
>-------+---+---~~---+---+
< optN | 0 | valueN | 0 |
>-------+---+---~~---+---+
+-------+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+
| opc | opt1 | 0 | value1 | 0 | optN | 0 | valueN | 0 |
+-------+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+
+-------+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+
| opc |filename| 0 | mode | 0 | blksize| 0 | #octets| 0 |
+-------+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+
+-------+--------+---+--------+---+--------+---+--------+---+
| 1 | foobar | 0 | octet | 0 | blksize| 0 | 1428 | 0 |
+-------+--------+---+--------+---+--------+---+--------+---+
|
37 + g
|
35 +
|
33 +
|
31 +
|
29 +
|
27 +
| g blocksize n-time g-time
25 + --------- ------ ------
s | n 512 23.85 37.05
e 23 + g 1024 16.15 25.65
c | 1428 13.70 23.10
o 21 + 2048 10.90 16.90
n | 4096 6.85 9.65
d 19 + 8192 4.90 6.15
s |
17 + g
| n
15 +
| n
13 +
|
11 + n
| g
9 +
|
7 + n
| g
5 + n
"
0 +------+------+--+---+------+------+---
512 1K | 2K 4K 8K
1428
blocksize (octets)
+-------+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+
| opc |filename| 0 | mode | 0 | timeout| 0 | #secs | 0 |
+-------+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+
+-------+--------+---+--------+---+--------+---+-------+---+
| 1 | foobar | 0 | octet | 0 | timeout| 0 | 1 | 0 |
+-------+--------+---+--------+---+--------+---+-------+---+
+-------+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+
| opc |filename| 0 | mode | 0 | tsize | 0 | size | 0 |
+-------+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+---~~---+---+
+-------+--------+---+--------+---+--------+---+--------+---+
| 2 | foobar | 0 | octet | 0 | tsize | 0 | 673312 | 0 |
+-------+--------+---+--------+---+--------+---+--------+---+
Session Open --------->
<----------- Open confirm
data exchange
---------------------->
<-------------------------
.
.
.
Session Close ----------------->
.
.
.
<------------------------- Session Open
Open confirm ------------------->
data exchange
<-------------------------
---------------------->
+-----+ +----+ +----+
| COM | | UK | | FR |
+-----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | |
+---------+ +----+ +----+ +--------------+ +-----+
| VAUGHAN | | AC | | CO | | UNIV-AVIGNON | | AXA |
+---------+ +----+ +----+ +--------------+ +-----+
| | | | |
+------+ +---------+ +----------+ +-----+ +------+
| UNIX | | NEWPORT | | CITYDESK | | SOL | | MAIL |
+------+ +---------+ +----------+ +-----+ +------+
| |
+----+ +-----+
| NS | | FTP |
+----+ +-----+
-*
*-------------* *-------* |
|Configuration| | Path | |
| Services | |Control| |
*-------------* *-------* |
A A A |
| | | |
| | V |
| | *-----* | APPN/HPR
| | | RTP | |
| | *-----* |
| | A |
| | | |
| | V |
| | *-----* |
| | | NCL | |
| | *-----* |
| *------------* A -*
| | |
V V V -*
*---------* *---------* |
| DLC |--->| LDLC | |
| manager | | | |
*---------* *---------* |
| A | | IP DLC
*-----------* | *----* |
V | | |
*---------* | |
| LINK | | |
| DEMUX | | |
*---------* | |
A *-* -*
| |
| V
*---------*
| UDP |
*---------*
A
|
V
*---------*
| IP |
*---------*
*----------------------------------------------*
| NOF CS DLC |
*----------------------------------------------*
. DEFINE_DLC(RQ) .
1 o----------------->o
. DEFINE_DLC(RSP) |
2 o<-----------------*
. START_DLC(RQ) . create
3 o----------------->o------------------->o
. START_DLC(RSP) | .
4 o<-----------------* .
. DEFINE_PORT(RQ) . .
5 o----------------->o .
. DEFINE_PORT(RSP) | .
6 o<-----------------* .
*------------------------------------------------------------------*
|CS DLC LDLC DMUX UDP|
*------------------------------------------------------------------*
. . . .
.CONNECT_OUT(RQ) . create . .
o--------------->o-------------->o . .
. | new LDLC . .
. o----------------------------->o .
CONNECT_OUT(+RSP)| . . .
o<---------------* . . .
| XID . XID(CMD) . XID
*------------------------------->o----------------------------->o----->
*------------------------------------------------------------------*
|CS DLC LDLC DMUX UDP|
*------------------------------------------------------------------*
. . . .
. CONNECT_IN(RQ) . XID(CMD) . XID . XID
o<---------------o<-----------------------------o<--------------o<-----
| CONNECT_IN(RSP). create . .
*--------------->o-------------->o . .
. | new LDLC . .
. o----------------------------->o .
. | XID(CMD) . . .
. *-------------->o . .
. XID | . .
o<-------------------------------* . .
| XID . XID(RSP) . XID
*------------------------------->o----------------------------->o----->
*------------------------------------------------------------------*
|CS DLC LDLC DMUX UDP|
*------------------------------------------------------------------*
. . . . .
. DEACT . DISC . DISC
o------------------------------->o----------------------------->o----->
. DEACT . DM . DM . DM
o<-------------------------------o<-------------o<--------------o<-----
| DISCONNECT(RQ) . destroy . . .
*--------------->o-------------->o . .
DISCONNECT(RSP) | . .
o<---------------* . .
*------------------------------------------------------------------*
|CS DLC LDLC DMUX UDP|
*------------------------------------------------------------------*
. . . . .
. DEACT . DISC . DISC . DISC
o<-------------------------------o<-------------o<--------------o<-----
| . | DM . DM
| . *----------------------------->o----->
| DISCONNECT(RQ) . destroy . . .
*--------------->o-------------->o . .
.DISCONNECT(RSP) | . .
o<---------------* . .
*-----------------------------------------------------*
| NO NOF CS |
*-----------------------------------------------------*
DEFINE_CONNECTION_NETWORK(RQ) DEFINE_CN(RQ) .
o------------------------>o----------------->o
DEFINE_CONNECTION_NETWORK(RSP) DEFINE_CN(RSP) |
o<------------------------o<-----------------*
DEFINE_CONNECTION_NETWORK_TG(RQ) DEFINE_CN_TG(RQ) .
o------------------------>o----------------->o
DEFINE_CONNECTION_NETWORK_TG(RSP) DEFINE_CN_TG(RSP)|
o<------------------------o<-----------------*
*--------------------------------------------------------------------*
| CS TRS DLC DMUX |
*--------------------------------------------------------------------*
. ACTIVATE_PORT(RQ) . create
o--------------------------------------->o----------------->o
. ACTIVATE_PORT(RSP) | .
o<---------------------------------------* .
| TG_UPDATE . . .
*------------------->o . .
. . . .
*---------------------------------*
|Node A Node B|
*---------------------------------*
o
o
o
XID3 (np, NEG)
o<-------------------------o
|XID3 (np, SEC)
*------------------------->o
XID3 (np, PRI)|
lost<-----------*
time out
XID3 (np, SEC)
o------------------------->o
SETMODE |
o<-------------------------*
fail because never
received XID3 (np, PRI)
*----------------------------------*
|Node A Node B |
*----------------------------------*
o
o
o
XID3 (np, NEG, S, ^C)
1 o<--------------------------o
|XID3 (np, SEC, S, ^C)
2 *-------------------------->o
XID3 (np, PRI, S, ^C)|
3 lost <-----------*
time out
XID3 (np, SEC, S, ^C)
4 o-------------------------->o
XID3 (np, PRI, S, ^C)|
5 o<--------------------------*
|XID3 (np, SEC, S, C)
6 *-------------------------->o
SETMODE |
7 o<--------------------------*
*---------------------------------*
|Node A Node B|
*---------------------------------*
o
o
o
XID3 (np, NEG, ^S)
1 o<--------------------------o
|XID3 (np, SEC, S, ^C)
2 *-------------------------->o
XID3 (np, PRI, ^S)|
3 lost <-----------*
time out
XID3 (np, SEC, S, ^C)
4 o-------------------------->o
SETMODE |
5 o<--------------------------*
fail
*---------------------------------*
|Node A Node B|
*---------------------------------*
o
o
o
XID3 (np, NEG, S, ^C)
1 o<--------------------------o
|XID3 (np, SEC, ^S)
2 *-------------------------->o
XID3 (np, PRI, S, ^C)|
3 lost <-----------*
time out
XID3 (np, SEC, ^S)
4 o-------------------------->o
SETMODE |
5 o<--------------------------*
fail
*--------* access link *--------* *--------*
| HPR |-------------| IP |-----| IP |
| node | | Router | | Router |
*--------* *--------* *--------*
| |
| |
| |
*--------* *--------* access link *--------*
| IP |-----| IP |-------------| HPR |
| Router | | Router | | node |
*--------* *--------* *--------*
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 6.1.1 IP Format for LLC Commands and Responses |
| |
| The formats described here are used for the |
| following LLC commands and responses: XID |
| command and response, TEST command and response, |
| DISC command, and DM response. |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| IP Format for LLC Commands and Responses |
+-------+-----+--------------------------------------------------------+
| Byte | Bit | Content |
+-------+-----+--------------------------------------------------------+
+-------+-----+--------------------------------------------------------+
| | | Note 3: Rules for encoding the IEEE 802.2 LLC header |
| | | can be found in ISO/IEC 8802-2:1994 (ANSI/IEEE Std |
| | | 802.2, 1994 Edition), Information technology - |
| | | Telecommunications and information exchange between |
| | | systems - Local and metropolitan area networks - |
| | | Specific requirements - Part 2: Logical Link Control. |
+-------+-----+--------------------------------------------------------+
HA FW MN
<=====================> SKIP (AH + ESP)
<-----------------------------------> Registration Request path
HA FW MN
<===================================> SKIP (AH + ESP)
<-----------------------------------> Registration Request path
HA FW MN
<+++++++++++++++++++++> SKIP authentication
<===================================> SKIP encryption
<-----------------------------------> Registration Request path
HA FW MN
<============><=====================> SKIP (AH + ESP)
<-----------------------------------> Registration Request path
REGISTRATION REQUEST: BETWEEN THE MOBILE NODE AND THE FIREWALL
+---------------+----------+----+-----+--------------+--------------+
| IP Hdr (SKIP) | SKIP Hdr | AH | ESP | Inner IP Hdr | Reg. Request |
+---------------+----------+----+-----+--------------+--------------+
REGISTRATION REQUEST: BETWEEN THE FIREWALL AND THE HOME AGENT
+---------------+----------+----+-----+--------------+--------------+
| IP Hdr (SKIP) | SKIP Hdr | AH | ESP | Inner IP Hdr | Reg. Request |
+---------------+----------+----+-----+--------------+--------------+
REGISTRATION REPLY: BETWEEN THE HOME AGENT AND THE FIREWALL
+---------------+----------+----+-----+--------------+------------+
| IP Hdr (SKIP) | SKIP Hdr | AH | ESP | Inner IP Hdr | Reg. Reply |
+---------------+----------+----+-----+--------------+------------+
REGISTRATION REPLY: BETWEEN THE FIREWALL AND THE MOBILE NODE
+---------------+----------+----+-----+--------------+------------+
| IP Hdr (SKIP) | SKIP Hdr | AH | ESP | Inner IP Hdr | Reg. Reply |
+---------------+----------+----+-----+--------------+------------+
DATA PACKET: FROM THE MOBILE NODE VIA THE FIREWALL
+---------------+----------+----+-----+--------------+------+
| IP Hdr (SKIP) | SKIP Hdr | AH | ESP | Inner IP Hdr | ULP |
+---------------+----------+----+-----+--------------+------+
DATA PACKET: BETWEEN THE HOME AGENT AND THE FIREWALL
+--------+------+----+-----+--------+--------+-----+
| IP Hdr | SKIP | AH | ESP | mobip | Inner | ULP |
| (SKIP) | Hdr | | | IP Hdr | IP Hdr | |
+--------+------+----+-----+--------+--------+-----+
DATA PACKET: BETWEEN THE FIREWALL AND THE MOBILE NODE
+--------+------+----+-----+--------+--------+-----+
| IP Hdr | SKIP | AH | ESP | mobip | Inner | ULP |
| (SKIP) | Hdr | | | IP Hdr | IP Hdr | |
+--------+------+----+-----+--------+--------+-----+
| State
| 0 1 2 3 4 5
Events| Initial Starting Closed Stopped Closing Stopping
------+-----------------------------------------------------------
Up | 2 irc,scr/6 - - - -
Down | - - 0 tls/1 0 1
Open | tls/1 1 irc,scr/6 3r 5r 5r
Close| 0 tlf/0 2 2 4 4
|
TO+ | - - - - str/4 str/5
TO- | - - - - tlf/2 tlf/3
| |
| | LISTEN
SYN_SENT |----------------------- |
| \ syn j |
| ----------------->| SYN_RCVD
| |
| ------------------|
| syn k, ack j+1 / |
ESTABLISHED |<---------------------- |
| |
+-------------+-------------+---------+
| Protocol ID | Information | Padding |
| 8/16 bits | | |
+-------------+-------------+---------+
Figure 2
+-------------+-------------+---------+
| Protocol ID | Information | Padding |
| 8/16 bits | | |
+-------------+-------------+---------+
Figure 2
+---------------+
|Key Mgmt Daemon|
+---------------+
| |
| |
| | Applications
======[PF_KEY]====[PF_INET]==========================
| | OS Kernel
+------------+ +-----------------+
| Key Engine | | TCP/IP, |
| or SADB |---| including IPsec |
+------------+ | |
+-----------------+
|
+-----------+
| Network |
| Interface |
+-----------+
+---------------+
|Routing Daemon|
+---------------+
| |
| |
| | Applications
======[PF_KEY]====[PF_INET]==========================
| | OS Kernel
+------------+ +---------+
| Key Engine | | TCP/IP |
| or SADB |---| |
+------------+ +---------+
|
+-----------+
| Network |
| Interface |
+-----------+
+---------------+ +-------------+
|Key Mgmt Daemon| | Application |
+---------------+ +-------------+
| | /
| | /
| | | Applications
======[PF_KEY]====[PF_INET]==========================
| | | OS Kernel
+------------+ +-----------------+
| Key Engine | | TCP/IP, |
| or SADB |---| including IPsec |
+------------+ | |
+-----------------+
+---------------+ +-------------+
|Key Mgmt Daemon| | OSPF daemon |
+---------------+ +-------------+
| | / / |
| /------|----+ / |
| / | +---+ | Applications
======[PF_KEY]====[PF_INET]===========[PF_ROUTE]================
| | | | OS Kernel
+------------+ +-----------------+ +---------+
| Key Engine | | TCP/IP, | | Routing |
| or SADB |---| including IPsec |--| Table |
+------------+ | | +---------+
+-----------------+
+------------------------------------+
| * | O | DC | EA | N/P | MC | E | * |
+------------------------------------+
+-------+-----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Name | Mask | Description |
+-------+-----------+ ----------------------------------------+
| SYN | 1xxx|0000 | Open a new connection |
| FIN | x1xx|0000 | Close an existing connection |
| PUSH | xx1x|0000 | Mark application level message boundary |
| RESET | xxx1|0000 | Abort the connection |
+-------+-----------+-----------------------------------------+
+-------------+ Application Communication +-------------+
| Application |---------------------------| Application |
| Program | "Pipe 1" | Program |
+-------------+ +-------------+
| |
| TIP TM API TIP TM API |
| |
+-----------------+ TIP 2-pc Protocol +-----------------+
| TIP Transaction |-----------------------| TIP Transaction |
| Manager | "Pipe 2" | Manager |
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
| 128 bits |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| node address |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| n bits | 128-n bits |
+------------------------------------------------+----------------+
| subnet prefix | interface ID |
+------------------------------------------------+----------------+
0 0 0 1 1 2
|0 7 8 5 6 3|
+----+----+----+----+----+----+
|cccc|ccug|cccc|cccc|cccc|cccc|
+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 80 bits | 16 | 32 bits |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------+
|0000..............................0000|0000| IPv4 address |
+--------------------------------------+----+---------------------+
| 80 bits | 16 | 32 bits |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------+
|0000..............................0000|FFFF| IPv4 address |
+--------------------------------------+----+---------------------+
| 7 | 121 bits |
+-------+---------------------------------------------------------+
|0000010| to be defined |
+-------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 3| 13 | 8 | 24 | 16 | 64 bits |
+--+-----+---+--------+--------+--------------------------------+
|FP| TLA |RES| NLA | SLA | Interface ID |
| | ID | | ID | ID | |
+--+-----+---+--------+--------+--------------------------------+
| 10 |
| bits | 54 bits | 64 bits |
+----------+-------------------------+----------------------------+
|1111111010| 0 | interface ID |
+----------+-------------------------+----------------------------+
| 10 |
| bits | 38 bits | 16 bits | 64 bits |
+----------+-------------+-----------+----------------------------+
|1111111011| 0 | subnet ID | interface ID |
+----------+-------------+-----------+----------------------------+
| n bits | 128-n bits |
+------------------------------------------------+----------------+
| subnet prefix | 00000000000000 |
+------------------------------------------------+----------------+
| 8 | 4 | 4 | 112 bits |
+------ -+----+----+---------------------------------------------+
|11111111|flgs|scop| group ID |
+--------+----+----+---------------------------------------------+
| 8 | 4 | 4 | 80 bits | 32 bits |
+------ -+----+----+---------------------------+-----------------+
|11111111|flgs|scop| reserved must be zero | group ID |
+--------+----+----+---------------------------+-----------------+
|0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|cccccc0gcccccccc|ccccccccmmmmmmmm|mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm|mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|cccccc1gcccccccc|ccccccccmmmmmmmm|mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm|mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|cccccc1gcccccccc|cccccccc11111111|11111110mmmmmmmm|mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|0000000000000000|0000000000000000|0000000000000000|0000000001001111|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
______________ ______________
--+/ \+--------------+/ \+----------
( P1 ) +----+ ( P3 ) +----+
+\______________/ | |----+\______________/+--| |--
| +--| X1 | +| X2 |
| ______________ / | |-+ ______________ / | |--
+/ \+ +-+--+ \ / \+ +----+
( P2 ) / \ +( P4 )
--+\______________/ / \ \______________/
| / \ | |
| / | | |
| / | | |
_|_ _/_ _|_ _|_ _|_
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \
( S.A ) ( S.B ) ( P5 ) ( P6 )( S.C )
\___/ \___/ \___/ \___/ \___/
| / \
_|_ _/_ \ ___
/ \ / \ +-/ \
( S.D ) ( S.E ) ( S.F )
\___/ \___/ \___/
| 3| 13 | 8 | 24 | 16 | 64 bits |
+--+-----+---+--------+--------+--------------------------------+
|FP| TLA |RES| NLA | SLA | Interface ID |
| | ID | | ID | ID | |
+--+-----+---+--------+--------+--------------------------------+
<--Public Topology---> Site
<-------->
Topology
<------Interface Identifier----->
| n | 24-n bits | 16 | 64 bits |
+-----+--------------------+--------+-----------------+
|NLA1 | Site ID | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-----+--------------------+--------+-----------------+
| n | 24-n bits | 16 | 64 bits |
+-----+--------------------+--------+-----------------+
|NLA1 | Site ID | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-----+--------------------+--------+-----------------+
| m | 24-n-m | 16 | 64 bits |
+-----+--------------+--------+-----------------+
|NLA2 | Site ID | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-----+--------------+--------+-----------------+
| o |24-n-m-o| 16 | 64 bits |
+-----+--------+--------+-----------------+
|NLA3 | Site ID| SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-----+--------+--------+-----------------+
| n | 16-n | 64 bits |
+-----+------------+-------------------------------------+
|SLA1 | Subnet | Interface ID |
+-----+------------+-------------------------------------+
| m |16-n-m | 64 bits |
+----+-------+-------------------------------------+
|SLA2|Subnet | Interface ID |
+----+-------+-------------------------------------+
QoS VCs
+-----+ --------------> +----+
| | --------------> | |
| Src | | R1 |
| | Best Effort VC(s) | |
+-----+ <-----------------> +----+
/\
||
||
RSVP Control
Messages
______
/ \
+-------- / Router \ <-------+
| \ / | <....... RESVs Follow
| \______/ | Hop-by-hop Path
| |
| |
V QoS VCs |
+-----+ ==============> +----+
| | ==============> | |
| Src | | R1 |
| | Best Effort VC(s) | |
+-----+ <=================> +----+
/\
:: Data Paths:
:: ----> Hop-by-hop (routed)
PATHs and Data ====> Short-cut
Follow Short-cut
Path
+----+
+------> | R1 |
| +----+
|
| +----+
+-----+ -----+ +--> | R2 |
| | ---------+ +----+ Receiver Request Types:
| Src | ----> QoS 1 and QoS 2
| | .........+ +----+ ....> Best-Effort
+-----+ .....+ +..> | R3 |
: +----+
/\ :
|| : +----+
|| +......> | R4 |
|| +----+
Single
IP Mulicast
Group
+-----+
| | --------------> +----+
| Src | --------------> | R1 |
| *| --------------> +----+
+-----+ QoS VCs
/\
||
VC ||
Initiator
+----+
+------> | R1 |
| +----+
|
| +----+
+-----+ -----+ +--> | R2 |
| | ---------+ +----+ Receiver Request Types:
| Src | ----> QoS 1 and QoS 2
| | .........+ +----+ ....> Best-Effort
+-----+ .....+ +..> | R3 |
: +----+
/\ :
|| : +----+
|| +......> | R4 |
|| +----+
Single
IP Mulicast
Group
_________
/ \
/ Multicast \
\ Server /
\_________/
^ | |
| | +--------+
+-----+ | | |
| | -------+ | | Data Flow:
| Src | ...+......|....+ V ----> Server
| | : | : +----+ ....> Mesh
+-----+ : | +...>| R1 |
: | +----+
: V
: +----+
+..> | R2 |
+----+
IP ATM
____________________
| IWF |
| |
admission and <--> | service mapping | <--> ATM
policy control | VC management | signalling &
| address resolution | admission
|....................| control
| |
classification, |ATM Adaptation Layer| cell
policing & <--> | Segmentation and | <--> scheduling/
scheduling | Reassembly | shaping
| Buffering |
____________________
+-----+
| | --------------> +----+
| Src | --------------> | R1 |
| *| --------------> +----+
+-----+ QoS VCs
/\
||
VC ||
Initiator
+----+
+------> | R1 |
| +----+
|
| +----+
+-----+ -----+ +--> | R2 |
| | ---------+ +----+ Receiver Request Types:
| Src | ----> QoS 1 and QoS 2
| | .........+ +----+ ....> Best-Effort
+-----+ .....+ +..> | R3 |
: +----+
/\ :
|| : +----+
|| +......> | R4 |
|| +----+
Single
IP Multicast
Group
ATM SW ATM SW
+------------+ UNI +----+ NNI +----+ UNI +------------+
____|Intermediate|--||--| \/ |______| \/ |--||--|Intermediate|____
| (Upstream) | | /\ | | /\ | |(Downstream)|
+------------+ +----+ +----+ +------------+
SCMP
------->(S)<------------------------------------------>(S)<-------
\ UNI Sig. UNI Sig. /
CONNECT | (Q)<--------->(Q)<-------->(Q)<--------->(Q) |
-------->| |
ACK <----|--------------------CONNECT------------------>| CONNECT
|<---------------------ACK---------------------|-------->
| |<--- ACK
| | ACCEPT
| |<--------
|<-------------------ACCEPT--------------------|---> ACK
|----------------------ACK-------------------->|
| |
|->|----SETUP--->| | | |
| |<-CALL PROC--|----------->|----SETUP--->|->|
| | | |<----CONN----|<-|
ACCEPT | |<----CONN----|<-----------|--CONN ACK-->|->|
<--------|<-|--CONN ACK-->| | | |
ACK ---->| |
| |
-------\ |--------------------------------------------\ |-------\
>| ST2+ Data >| >
-------/ |--------------------------------------------/ |-------/
| |
DISCONN | |
-------->| |
ACK <----|-------------------DISCONNECT---------------->|
|<---------------------ACK---------------------|
| |
|->|---RELEASE-->| | | |
|<-|<--REL COMP--|----------->|---RELEASE-->|->| DISCONN
| | | |<--REL COMP--|<-|-------->
| |<--- ACK
_____
/ \
(Origin )
\ /
A ~~|~~ A
| = | UNI Signaling
| | |
| +-+-+ V
| | X | ATM SW
| +-+-+ A
SCMP | | | NNI Signaling
| +-+-+ V
| | X | ATM SW
| +-+-+ A
| | |
| = | UNI Signaling
V | V
+-----+------+ IEEE 802.X & 802.1p
| |<---------------------+
|Intermediate|--------------------+ |
| |<-----------------+ | |
+------------+ L2 Signaling| | |
A | A | | |
| = | UNI Signaling | | | SCMP
| | | | | |
| +-+-+ V | | |
| | X | ATM SW V | |
| +-+-+ A +---+-|-+
SCMP | | | NNI Signaling | \ /| |
| +-+-+ V | X | |LAN SW
| | X | ATM SW | / \| |
| +-+-+ A +---+-|-+
| | | A | |
| = | UNI Signaling | | |
V __|__ V V_|_V
/ \ / \
(Target ) (Target )
\ / \ /
~~~~~ ~~~~~
+-------+---------------------------+
| ST | ST2+ data | ST2+
| header| | Data PDU
+-------+---------------------------+
: :
: :
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| CPCS_PDU |PAD|CPCS_PDU| AAL5
| payload | |trailer | CPCS_PDU
+---------------------------------------+--------+
+-------+---------------------------+
| ST | ST2+ SCMP | ST2+
| header| | SCMP PDU
+-------+---------------------------+
: :
: :
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| CPCS_PDU |PAD|CPCS_PDU| AAL5
| payload | |trailer | CPCS_PDU
+---------------------------------------+--------+
+------+----------------+
| ST | ST2+ SCMP | ST2+
|header| | SCMP PDU
+------+----------------+
: :
+---+---+---+-----------------------+
|LLC|OUI|PID| Information | IEEE 802 SNAP
| | | | | ISO 8802-2 LLC
+---+---+---+-----------------------+
: :
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| CPCS_PDU |PAD|CPCS_PDU| AAL5
| payload | |trailer | CPCS_PDU
+---------------------------------------+--------+
+---------+---------+-------------------+
| Kind=19 |Length=18| MD5 digest... |
+---------+---------+-------------------+
| |
+---------------------------------------+
| |
+---------------------------------------+
| |
+-------------------+-------------------+
| |
+-------------------+
AS1 AS2 AS3
___________ _____________ ____________
| | | | | |
| B------B B----B |
| | | | | |
-----B----- B------------- --B---------
\ / /
\ / /
____B_____B____ _________B______
| | | |
| B-------B |
| | | |
| B-------B |
--------------- ----------------
AS4 AS5
AS1 AS2 AS3
___________ _____________ ____________
| | | | | |
| B------B1 B2----B |
| | | | | |
-----B----- B3------------ --B---------
\ /
\ /
____B_____B____
| |
| |
| |
| |
---------------
AS4
Domain A Domain B Domain C
____________ ___________ ____________
| | | | | |
| B1------B2 B3---B4 |
| | | | | |
------------ ----------- ------------
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
+------------------------+---+--+
| DLCI (high order) |C/R|EA|
+--------------+----+----+---+--+
| DLCI (lower) |FECN|BECN|DE |EA|
+--------------+----+----+---+--+
\ | /
+---------------+
|Backbone Router|
+---------------+
WAN |
|
Stub domain border .......|.........
|
{s=198.76.29.7, 2745, v | {s=198.23.47.2, 3200,
d=172.87.0.100, 80 } v | d=172.87.0.100, 23 }
v +------------------+ :
v |Border Router with| :
v |LSNAT enabled on | :
v |WAN interface | :
v +------------------+ :
v | :
v | LAN :
------v----------------------:---
{s=198.76.29.7, 2745, v | | |:{s=198.23.47.2, 3200,
d=172.85.0.1, 80 } | | | d=172.85.0.3, 23 }
+--+ +--+ +--+
|S1| |S2| |S3|
|--| |--| |--|
/____\ /____\ /____\
172.85.0.1 172.85.0.2 172.85.0.3
\ | /
+---------------+
|Backbone Router|
+---------------+
WAN |
|
Stub domain border ........|.........
|
{s=198.76.29.7, 2745, v | {s=198.23.47.2, 3200,
d=198.76.28.4, 80 }v | :d=198.76.28.4, 23 }
v+-------------------+:
v|Border Router with |:
v| LSNAT and NAPT |:
v|enabled on WAN link|:
v+-------------------+:
v | :
v | LAN :
------v---------------------:------
{s=198.76.29.7, 2745, v | | | : {s=198.23.47.2, 3200,
d=10.0.0.1, 80 } | | | d=10.0.0.3, 23 }
+--+ +--+ +--+
|S1| |S2| |S3|
|--| |--| |--|
/____\ /____\ /____\
10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.3
\ | /
+---------------+
| Router |
+---------------+
WAN |
|
|
{s=198.76.29.7, 2745, v | {s=198.23.47.2, 3200,
d=198.76.28.4, 80 }v | 198.76.28.4 :d=198.76.28.4, 23 }
v +----------------+ :
v | A Router with | :
v | LS-NAPT enabled| :
v | on WAN link | :
v +----------------+ :
v | :
v LAN | :
------v---------------------:------
{s=198.76.28.4, 7001, v| | |:{s=198.76.28.4,7002,
d=172.85.0.1, 80 } | | | d=172.85.0.3, 23 }
+--+ +--+ +--+
|S1| |S2| |S3|
|--| |--| |--|
/____\ /____\ /____\
172.85.0.1 172.85.0.2 172.85.0.3
Datagram size,|
bytes | 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192 16384
--------------|----------------------------------------------------
Compression |1.18 1.28 1.43 1.58 1.74 1.91 2.04 2.11 2.14
ratio |
.----------------------------------------------------------.
| .----------------------------------------------------. |
| | .----------------------------------------------. | |
| | | .----------------------------------------. | | |
| | | | .----------------------------------. | | | |
| | | | | <relative_reference> | | | | |
| | | | `----------------------------------' | | | |
| | | | (5.1.1) Base URI embedded in the | | | |
| | | | document's content | | | |
| | | `----------------------------------------' | | |
| | | (5.1.2) Base URI of the encapsulating entity | | |
| | | (message, document, or none). | | |
| | `----------------------------------------------' | |
| | (5.1.3) URI used to retrieve the entity | |
| `----------------------------------------------------' |
| (5.1.4) Default Base URI is application-dependent |
`----------------------------------------------------------'
S T A T U S
Req Rec Ele Lim Not
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Std | X | XXX | XXX | | |
S +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Draft | X | X | XXX | | |
T +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Prop | | X | XXX | | |
A +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Info | | | | | |
T +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Expr | | | | XXX | |
E +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Hist | | | | | XXX |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Host 1 --- Security ---- Internet -- Security --- Host 2
| | Gwy 1 Gwy 2 | |
| | | |
| -----Security Association 1 (ESP transport)------- |
| |
-------Security Association 2 (AH transport)----------
Host 1 --- Security ---- Internet -- Security --- Host 2
| | Gwy 1 Gwy 2 | |
| | | |
| -------Security Association 1 (tunnel)---------- | |
| |
---------Security Association 2 (tunnel)--------------
Host 1 --- Security ---- Internet -- Security --- Host 2
| | Gwy 1 Gwy 2 |
| | | |
| ----Security Association 1 (tunnel)---- |
| |
---------Security Association 2 (tunnel)-------------
Host 1 --- Security ---- Internet -- Security --- Host 2
| Gwy 1 Gwy 2 |
| | | |
| --Security Assoc 1 (tunnel)- |
| |
-----------Security Association 2 (tunnel)-----------
====================================
| |
H1* ------ (Inter/Intranet) ------ H2*
===========================
| |
---------------------|---- ---|-----------------------
| | | | | |
| H1 -- (Local --- SG1* |--- (Internet) ---| SG2* --- (Local --- H2 |
| Intranet) | | Intranet) |
-------------------------- ---------------------------
admin. boundary admin. boundary
===============================================================
| |
| ========================= |
| | | |
---|-----------------|---- ---|-------------------|---
| | | | | | | |
| H1* -- (Local --- SG1* |-- (Internet) --| SG2* --- (Local --- H2* |
| Intranet) | | Intranet) |
-------------------------- ---------------------------
admin. boundary admin. boundary
======================================================
| |
|============================== |
|| | |
|| ---|----------------------|---
|| | | | |
H1* ----- (Internet) ------| SG2* ---- (Local ----- H2* |
^ | Intranet) |
| ------------------------------
could be dialup admin. boundary (optional)
to PPP/ARA server
<-- How Outer Hdr Relates Inner Hdr --->
Outer Hdr at Inner Hdr at
IPv6 Encapsulator Decapsulator
Header fields: -------------------- ------------
version 6 (1) no change
class copied or configured (6) no change
flow id copied or configured no change
len constructed no change
next header AH,ESP,routing hdr no change
hop limit constructed (2) decrement (2)
src address constructed (3) no change
dest address constructed (3) no change
Extension headers never copied no change
H1 =================== H3
\ | | /
H0 -- SG1* ---- R1 ---- SG2* ---- R2 -- H5
/ ^ | \
H2 |........| H4
Socket 1 -------------------------|
|
Socket 2 (ESPx/SPI-A) ---------- AHx (SPI-B) -- Internet
==================================
| |
H1* --- R1 ----- R2 ---- R3 ---- H2*
^ |
|.......|
BEFORE APPLYING AH
----------------------------
IPv4 |orig IP hdr | | |
|(any options)| TCP | Data |
----------------------------
AFTER APPLYING AH
---------------------------------
IPv4 |orig IP hdr | | | |
|(any options)| AH | TCP | Data |
---------------------------------
|<------- authenticated ------->|
except for mutable fields
BEFORE APPLYING AH
---------------------------------------
IPv6 | | ext hdrs | | |
| orig IP hdr |if present| TCP | Data |
---------------------------------------
AFTER APPLYING AH
------------------------------------------------------------
IPv6 | |hop-by-hop, dest*, | | dest | | |
|orig IP hdr |routing, fragment. | AH | opt* | TCP | Data |
------------------------------------------------------------
|<---- authenticated except for mutable fields ----------->|
------------------------------------------------
IPv4 | new IP hdr* | | orig IP hdr* | | |
|(any options)| AH | (any options) |TCP | Data |
------------------------------------------------
|<- authenticated except for mutable fields -->|
| in the new IP hdr |
--------------------------------------------------------------
IPv6 | | ext hdrs*| | | ext hdrs*| | |
|new IP hdr*|if present| AH |orig IP hdr*|if present|TCP|Data|
--------------------------------------------------------------
|<-- authenticated except for mutable fields in new IP hdr ->|
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| |
+ Initialization Vector (IV) +
| |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| |
~ Encrypted Payload (variable length) ~
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
BEFORE APPLYING ESP
----------------------------
IPv4 |orig IP hdr | | |
|(any options)| TCP | Data |
----------------------------
AFTER APPLYING ESP
-------------------------------------------------
IPv4 |orig IP hdr | ESP | | | ESP | ESP|
|(any options)| Hdr | TCP | Data | Trailer |Auth|
-------------------------------------------------
|<----- encrypted ---->|
|<------ authenticated ----->|
BEFORE APPLYING ESP
---------------------------------------
IPv6 | | ext hdrs | | |
| orig IP hdr |if present| TCP | Data |
---------------------------------------
AFTER APPLYING ESP
---------------------------------------------------------
IPv6 | orig |hop-by-hop,dest*,| |dest| | | ESP | ESP|
|IP hdr|routing,fragment.|ESP|opt*|TCP|Data|Trailer|Auth|
---------------------------------------------------------
|<---- encrypted ---->|
|<---- authenticated ---->|
-----------------------------------------------------------
IPv4 | new IP hdr* | | orig IP hdr* | | | ESP | ESP|
|(any options)| ESP | (any options) |TCP|Data|Trailer|Auth|
-----------------------------------------------------------
|<--------- encrypted ---------->|
|<----------- authenticated ---------->|
------------------------------------------------------------
IPv6 | new* |new ext | | orig*|orig ext | | | ESP | ESP|
|IP hdr| hdrs* |ESP|IP hdr| hdrs * |TCP|Data|Trailer|Auth|
------------------------------------------------------------
|<--------- encrypted ----------->|
|<---------- authenticated ---------->|
+------------+ +--------+ +--------------+
! DOI ! ! ! ! Application !
! Definition ! <----> ! ISAKMP ! ! Process !
+------------+ --> ! ! !--------------!
+--------------+ ! +--------+ ! Appl Protocol!
! Key Exchange ! ! ^ ^ +--------------+
! Definition !<-- ! ! ^
+--------------+ ! ! !
! ! !
!----------------! ! !
v ! !
+-------+ v v
! API ! +---------------------------------------------+
+-------+ ! Socket Layer !
! !---------------------------------------------!
v ! Transport Protocol (TCP / UDP) !
+----------+ !---------------------------------------------!
! Security ! <----> ! IP !
! Protocol ! !---------------------------------------------!
+----------+ ! Link Layer Protocol !
+---------------------------------------------+
+--------------+
| Architecture |
+--------------+
v v
+<-<-<-<-+ +->->->->+
v v
+----------+ +----------+
| ESP | | AH |
| Protocol | | Protocol |
+----------+ +----------+
v v v v
v +->->->->->->->->+ v v
v v v v v
v v v v v
v +------------+ +----------------+ v
v | +------------+ | +----------------+ v
v | | Encryption | | | Authentication | v
v +-| Algorithm | +-| Algorithm | v
v +------------+ +----------------+ v
v v v v
v v +-----+ v v
+>->->->-+->->->->| DOI |<-<-<-<-+-<-<-<-<-+
+-----+
^
^
+------------+
| KEY |
| MANAGEMENT |
+------------+
C n2_________ ______ n6 S
l n3_________\ /______ n7 e
i \\ 1.5Mb, 50ms // r
e n0 ------------------------ n1 v
n n4__________// \ \_____ n8 e
t n5__________/ \______ n9 r
s s
Median Page Delays and Goodput (MB) | Link Utilization (%) & Drops (%)
#Webs IW=1 | IW=3 | IW=1 | IW=3
G.put dly | G.put dly | L.util Drops| L.util Drops
------------------|-------------------|---------------|---------------
16 35.5 0.64| 36.4 0.54 | 67 0.1 | 69 0.7
8/8 16.9 0.67| 18.9 0.52 | 68 0.5 |
------------------|-------------------|---------------|---------------
32 48.9 0.91| 44.7 0.68 | 92 3.5 | 85 4.3
16/16 22.8 0.94| 22.9 0.71 | 89 4.6 |
------------------|-------------------|---------------|----------------
64 51.9 1.50| 47.6 0.86 | 98 13.0 | 91 8.6
32/32 29.0 1.40| 22.0 1.20 | 98 12.0 |
+--------+ 100 Mbps +---+ 1.5 Mbps +---+ 9600 bps +----------+
| source +------------+ R +-------------+ R +--------------+ receiver |
+--------+ no delay +---+ 25 ms delay +---+ 150 ms delay +----------+
| |
| |
(we spy here) (this router has only 3 buffers
to hold packets going into the
9600 bps link)
VPIM version 2 Conformance
| | | | |S| |
| | | | | |H| |F
| | | | | |O|M|o
| | | |S| |U|U|o
| | | |H| |L|S|t
| |A|M|O| |D|T|n
| |R|U|U|M| | |o
| |E|S|L|A|N|N|t
| |A|T|D|Y|O|O|t
FEATURE |SECTION | | | | |T|T|e
-------------------------------------------|----------|-|-|-|-|-|-|-
| | | | | | | |
Message Addressing Formats: | | | | | | | |
Use DNS host names |4.1 |C|x| | | | |
Use only numbers in mailbox IDs |4.1.1 |C| |x| | | |
Use alpha-numeric mailbox IDs |4.1.1 |C| | |x| | |
Support of postmaster@domain |4.1.2 |C|x| | | | |
Support of non-mail-user@domain |4.1.2 |C| |x| | | |
Support of distribution lists |4.1.3 |C| |x| | | |
| | | | | | | |
Message Header Fields: | | | | | | | |
Encoding outbound messages | | | | | | | |
From |4.2.1 |C|x| | | | |
Addition of text name |4.2.1 |C| |x| | | |
To |4.2.2 |C|x| | | | |1
cc |4.2.3 |C| |x| | | |1
Date |4.2.4 |C|x| | | | |
Sender |4.2.5 |C| | |x| | |
Return-Path |4.2.6 |C| | |x| | |
Message-id |4.2.7 |C|x| | | | |
Reply-To |4.2.8 |C| | | |x| |
Received |4.2.9 |C|x| | | | |
MIME Version: 1.0 (Voice 2.0) |4.2.10 |C| |x| | | |
Content-Type |4.2.11 |C|x| | | | |
Content-Transfer-Encoding |4.2.12 |C|x| | | | |
Sensitivity |4.2.13 |C| | |x| | |
Importance |4.2.14 |C| | |x| | |
Subject |4.2.15 |C| |x| | | |
Disposition-notification-to |4.2.16 |C| | |x| | |
Disposition-notification-options |4.2.17 |C| | |x| | |
Other Headers |4.2 |C| | |x| | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | |S| |
| | | | | |H| |F
| | | | | |O|M|o
| | | |S| |U|U|o
| | | |H| |L|S|t
| |A|M|O| |D|T|n
| |R|U|U|M| | |o
| |E|S|L|A|N|N|t
| |A|T|D|Y|O|O|t
FEATURE |SECTION | | | | |T|T|e
-------------------------------------------|----------|-|-|-|-|-|-|-
Detection & Decoding inbound messages | | | | | | | |
From |4.2.1 |C|x| | | | |
Present text personal name |4.2.1 |C| | |x| | |
To |4.2.2 |C|x| | | | |
cc |4.2.3 |C| | |x| | |
Date |4.2.4 |C|x| | | | |
Conversion of Date to local time |4.2.4 |C| |x| | | |
Sender |4.2.5 |C| | |x| | |
Return-Path |4.2.6 |C| | |x| | |
Message ID |4.2.7 |C|x| | | | |
Reply-To |4.2.8 |C| |x| | | |
Received |4.2.9 |C| | |x| | |
MIME Version: 1.0 (Voice 2.0) |4.2.10 |C| |x| | | |
Content Type |4.2.11 |C|x| | | | |
Content-Transfer-Encoding |4.2.12 |C|x| | | | |
Sensitivity |4.2.13 |C|x| | | | |2
Importance |4.2.14 |C| | |x| | |
Subject |4.2.15 |C| | |x| | |
Disposition-notification-to |4.2.16 |C| | |x| | |
Disposition-notification-options |4.2.17 |C| | |x| | |
Other Headers |4.2 |C|x| | | | |3
| | | | | | | |
Message Content Encoding: | | | | | | | |
Encoding outbound audio/fax contents | | | | | | | |
7BIT |4.3 |C| | | | |x|
8BIT |4.3 |C| | | | |x|
Quoted Printable |4.3 |C| | | | |x|
Base64 |4.3 |C|x| | | | |4
Binary |4.3 |C| |x| | | |5
Detection & decoding inbound messages | | | | | | | |
7BIT |4.3 |C|x| | | | |
8BIT |4.3 |C|x| | | | |
Quoted Printable |4.3 |C|x| | | | |
Base64 |4.3 |C|x| | | | |
Binary |4.3 |C|x| | | | |5
| | | | | | | |
| | | | |S| |
| | | | | |H| |F
| | | | | |O|M|o
| | | |S| |U|U|o
| | | |H| |L|S|t
| |A|M|O| |D|T|n
| |R|U|U|M| | |o
| |E|S|L|A|N|N|t
| |A|T|D|Y|O|O|t
FEATURE |SECTION | | | | |T|T|e
-------------------------------------------|----------|-|-|-|-|-|-|-
Message Content Types: | | | | | | | |
Inclusion in outbound messages | | | | | | | |
Multipart/Voice-Message |4.3.1 |C|x| | | | |
Message/RFC822 |4.3.2 |C| | |x| | |
Text/Directory |4.3.3 |C| |x| | | |
include TEL, EMAIL, VERSION |4.3.3 |C|x| | | | |
include ROLE, SOUND, N, REV |4.3.3 |C| |x| | | |
only one voice type per level |4.3.3 |C|x| | | | |
Audio/32KADPCM |4.3.4 |C|x| | | | |
Content-Description |4.3.4.1 |C| | |x| | |
Content-Disposition |4.3.4.2 |C|x| | | | |
Content-Duration |4.3.4.3 |C| | |x| | |
Content-Langauge |4.3.4.4 |C| | |x| | |
Image/tiff; application=faxbw |4.3.5 |C| | |x| | |
Audio/* or Image/* (other encodings) |4.3.6 |C| | |x| | |
Multipart/Mixed |4.4.1 |C| | |x| | |
Text/plain |4.4.2 |C| | | |x| |
Multipart/Report |4.4.3 |C|x| | | | |
human-readable part is voice |4.4.3 |C| |x| | | |
human-readable part is text |4.4.3 |C| | |x| | |
Message/delivery-status |4.4.4 |C|x| | | | |
Message/disposition-notification |4.4.5 |C| |x| | | |
Other contents |4.4 |C| | | |x| |6
| | | | | | | |
Detection & decoding in inbound messages | | | | | | | |
Multipart/Voice-Message |4.3.1 |C|x| | | | |
Message/RFC822 |4.3.2 |C|x| | | | |
Text/Directory |4.3.3 |C| |x| | | |
recognize TEL, EMAIL, VERSION |4.3.3 |C|x| | | | |
recognize ROLE, SOUND, N, REV |4.3.3 |C| |x| | | |
Audio/32KADPCM |4.3.4 |C|x| | | | |
Content-Description |4.3.4.1 |C| | |x| | |
Content-Disposition |4.3.4.2 |C| |x| | | |
Content-Duration |4.3.4.3 |C| | |x| | |
Content-Langauge |4.3.4.4 |C| | |x| | |
Image/tiff; application=faxbw |4.3.5 |C| |x| | | |
send NDN if unable to render |4.3.5 |C|x| | | | |7
Audio/* or Image/* (other encodings) |4.3.6 |C| | |x| | |
Multipart/Mixed |4.4.1 |C|x| | | | |
Text/plain |4.4.2 |C|x| | | | |
send NDN if unable to render |4.4.2 |C|x| | | | |
| | | | | |S| |
| | | | | |H| |F
| | | | | |O|M|o
| | | |S| |U|U|o
| | | |H| |L|S|t
| |A|M|O| |D|T|n
| |R|U|U|M| | |o
| |E|S|L|A|N|N|t
| |A|T|D|Y|O|O|t
FEATURE |SECTION | | | | |T|T|e
------------------------------------------|-----------|-|-|-|-|-|-|-
| | | | | | | |
Multipart/Report |4.4.3 |C|x| | | | |
human-readable part is voice |4.4.3 |C| |x| | | |
human-readable part is text |4.4.3 |C|x| | | | |
Message/delivery-status |4.4.4 |C|x| | | | |
Message/disposition-notification |4.4.5 |C| |x| | | |
Other contents |4.4 |C| | | |x| |6
send NDN if unable to render |4.4 |C| |x| | | |
| | | | | | | |
Forwarded Messages | | | | | | | |
use Message/RFC822 construct |4.5 |C| |x| | | |
simulate headers if none available |4.5 |C| |x| | | |
| | | | | | | |
Reply Messages | | | | | | | |
send to Reply-to, else From address |4.6 |C|x| | | | |
do not send to non-mail-user |4.6 |C|x| | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Notifications | | | | | | | |
use multipart/report format |4.7 |C|x| | | | |
always send error on non-delivery |4.7 |C| |x| | | |
| | | | | | | |
Message Transport Protocol: | | | | | | | |
ESMTP Commands | | | | | | | |
HELO |5.1.1 |T|x| | | | |
MAIL FROM |5.1.2 |T|x| | | | |
support null address |5.1.2 |T|x| | | | |
RCPT TO |5.1.3 |T|x| | | | |
DATA |5.1.4 |T|x| | | | |
TURN |5.1.5 |T| | | | |x|
QUIT |5.1.6 |T|x| | | | |
RSET |5.1.7 |T|x| | | | |
VRFY |5.1.8 |T| | |x| | |
EHLO |5.1.9 |T|x| | | | |
BDAT |5.1.10 |T| | |x| | |5
| | | | |S| |
| | | | | |H| |F
| | | | | |O|M|o
| | | |S| |U|U|o
| | | |H| |L|S|t
| |A|M|O| |D|T|n
| |R|U|U|M| | |o
| |E|S|L|A|N|N|t
| |A|T|D|Y|O|O|t
FEATURE |SECTION | | | | |T|T|e
-------------------------------------------|----------|-|-|-|-|-|-|-
| | | | | | | |
ESMTP Keywords & Parameters | | | | | | | |
PIPELINING |5.2.1 |T| |x| | | |
SIZE |5.2.2 |T|x| | | | |
CHUNKING |5.2.3 |T| | |x| | |
BINARYMIME |5.2.4,5.3.1|T| | |x| | |
DSN |5.2.5 |T|x| | | | |
ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES |5.2.6 |T| |x| | | |
RET |5.3.2 |T| |x| | | |
ENVID |5.3.3 |T| | |x| | |
NOTIFY |5.4.1 |T|x| | | | |
ORCPT |5.4.2 |T| | |x| | |
| | | | | | | |
ESMTP-SMTP Downgrading | | | | | | | |
send delivery report upon downgrade |
| | | | | | | |
Directory Address Resolution | | | | | | | |
provide facility to resolve addresses |6 |C| |x| | | |
use vCards to populate local directory |6 |C| |x| | | |8
use headers to populate local directory |6 |C| | | |x| |
| | | | | | | |
Management Protocols: | | | | | | | |
Network management |8.1 |T| ||x| | |
-------------------------------------------|----------|-|-|-|-|-|-|-
|--- octet one ---|--- octet two ---|
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+--------------------------------------------+
| Organizationally Unique |
+-- +--------------------+
| Identifier | Protocol |
+-----------------------+--------------------+
| Identifier |
+-----------------------+
+--------------------------------------------+
| Organizationally Unique |
+-- +--------------------+
| Identifier | Protocol |
+-----------------------+--------------------+
| Identifier |
+-----------------------+
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
+------------------------+---+--+
| DLCI (high order) |C/R|EA|
+--------------+----+----+---+--+
| DLCI (lower) |FECN|BECN|DE |EA|
+--------------+----+----+---+--+
+---------------------------------------------+
| Q.922 Address |
+----------------------+----------------------+
| Control (UI) 0x03 | NLPID 0x81 (CLNP) |
+----------------------+----------------------+
| remainder of CLNP packet |
| . |
| . |
+---------------------------------------------+
Q.922 control
|
|
--------------------------------------------
| |
UI I Frame
| |
--------------------------------- --------------
| 0x08 | 0x81 |0xCC | 0x80 |..01.... |..10....
| | | | | |
Q.933 CLNP IP SNAP ISO 8208 ISO 8208
| | Modulo 8 Modulo 128
| |
-------------------- OUI
| | |
L2 ID L3 ID -------
| User | |
| Specified | |
| 0x70 802.3 802.6
|
---------------------------
|0x51 |0x4E | |0x4C |0x50
| | | | |
7776 Q.922 Others 802.2 User
Specified
--------------+--------------+----------------------+-------------------
First 6 bits | P-Bit | PLEN | Packet | Remarks
of Payload |(payload hdr.)| |
--------------+--------------+----------------------+-------------------
100000 | 1 | 0 | Picture | Typical Picture
100000 | 1 | > 0 | Picture | Note UFEP
1xxxxx | 1 | 0 | GOB/Slice/EOS/EOSBS | See possible GNs
1xxxxx | 1 | > 0 | GOB/Slice | See possible GNs
Xxxxxx | 0 | 0 | Follow-on |
Xxxxxx | 0 | > 0 | Follow-on | Interior Resync
--------------+--------------+----------------------+-------------------
+-+ +-+ +-+ non-empty linked list means
| | | | | | <-- that there are routes with
+-+ +-+ +-+ defered action to be taken
^ ^ ^ N * delta-reuse seconds later.
| | |
+------+------+------+------+------+ +------+
| list | list | list | list | list | ... | list |
| head | head | head | head | head | ... | head |
+------+------+------+------+------+ +------+
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
Nth 1st 2nd 3rd 4th N-1
|
offset to first list
(the offset is incremented every delta-reuse seconds)
+---------------+
PTag |7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0|
+---------------+
Bit 7 -- Always one
Bit 6 -- New packet format if set
+--first octet--+-second octet--+--third octet--+
|7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0|7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0|7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0|
+-----------+---+-------+-------+---+-----------+
|5 4 3 2 1 0|5 4 3 2 1 0|5 4 3 2 1 0|5 4 3 2 1 0|
+--1.index--+--2.index--+--3.index--+--4.index--+
application/batch-SMTP object
+----------------+
| |
+-----------+ v +----------+ v +-----------+
| batch | | MIME- | | batch |
=> | SMTP | => | capable | => | SMTP | =>
| generator | |transport | | processor |
^ +-----------+ +----------+ +-----------+ ^
| |
+-- conventional SMTP/RFC822 message transaction --+
|==============+===============================================|
| Short Return | Longer Return Status Description |
| Status Code | |
|==============+===============================================|
| 1.xx | Preliminary success. This class of status |
| | of status code indicates that the request has |
| | request has been initially processed but that |
| | completion is pending. |
|==============+===============================================|
| 2.xx | Successful. This class of status code |
| | indicates that the request was completed |
| | successfuly. However, the exact status code |
| | can indicate that a fallback has been taken. |
|==============+===============================================|
| 3.xx | Client Error. This class of status code |
| | indicates that the request was not successful.|
| | The error is the result of either a syntax or |
| | a semantic error in the client formatted |
| | request. Request should not be retried until |
| | the condition in the request is corrected. |
|==============+===============================================|
| 4.xx | Scheduling Error. This class of status code |
| | indicates that the request was not successful.|
| | Some sort of error occurred within the |
| | calendaring and scheduling service, not |
| | directly related to the request itself. |
|==============+===============================================|
+================+==================================================+
| Method | Description |
|================+==================================================|
| PUBLISH | Used to publish a calendar entry to one or more |
| | Calendar Users. There is no interactivity |
| | between the publisher and any other calendar |
| | user. An example might include a baseball team |
| | publishing its schedule to the public. |
| | |
| REQUEST | Used to schedule a calendar entry with other |
| | Calendar Users. Requests are interactive in that |
| | they require the receiver to respond using |
| | the Reply methods. Meeting Requests, Busy |
| | Time requests and the assignment of VTODOs to |
| | other Calendar Users are all examples. |
| | Requests are also used by the "Organizer" to |
| | update the status of a calendar entry. |
| | |
| REPLY | A Reply is used in response to a Request to |
| | convey "Attendee" status to the "Organizer". |
| | Replies are commonly used to respond to meeting |
| | and task requests. |
| | |
| ADD | Add one or more instances to an existing |
| | VEVENT, VTODO, or VJOURNAL. |
| | |
| CANCEL | Cancel one or more instances of an existing |
| | VEVENT, VTODO, or VJOURNAL. |
| | |
| REFRESH | The Refresh method is used by an "Attendee" to |
| | request the latest version of a calendar entry. |
| | |
| COUNTER | The Counter method is used by an "Attendee" to |
| | negotiate a change in the calendar entry. |
| | Examples include the request to change a |
| | proposed Event time or change the due date for a |
| | VTODO. |
| | |
| DECLINE- | Used by the "Organizer" to decline the proposed |
| COUNTER | counter-proprosal. |
+================+==================================================+
+================+==================================================+
| Originator | Methods |
|================+==================================================|
| Organizer | PUBLISH, REQUEST, ADD, CANCEL, DECLINECOUNTER |
| | |
| Attendee | REPLY, REFRESH, COUNTER |
| | REQUEST only when delegating |
+================+==================================================+
+----------+ +----------+
| | iTIP | |
| Sender |<-------------------->| Receiver |
| | | |
+----------+ +----------+
+=================================================+
| | VEVENT | VTODO | VJOURNAL | VFREEBUSY |
|=================================================|
|Publish | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
|Request | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
|Refresh | Yes | Yes | No | No |
|Cancel | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
|Add | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
|Reply | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
|Counter | Yes | Yes | No | No |
|Decline- | | | | |
|Counter | Yes | Yes | No | No |
+=================================================+
+================+==================================================+
| Method | Description |
|================+==================================================|
| PUBLISH | Post notification of an event. Used primarily as |
| | a method of advertising the existence of an |
| | event. |
| | |
| REQUEST | Make a request for an event. This is an explicit |
| | invitation to one or more "Attendees". Event |
| | Requests are also used to update or change an |
| | existing event. Clients that cannot handle |
| | REQUEST may degrade the event to view it as an |
| | PUBLISH. |
| | |
| REPLY | Reply to an event request. Clients may set their |
| | status ("partstat") to ACCEPTED, DECLINED, |
| | TENTATIVE, or DELEGATED. |
| | |
| ADD | Add one or more instances to an existing event. |
| | |
| CANCEL | Cancel one or more instances of an existing |
| | event. |
| | |
| REFRESH | A request is sent to an "Organizer" by an |
| | "Attendee" asking for the latest version of an |
| | event to be resent to the requester. |
| | |
| COUNTER | Counter a REQUEST with an alternative proposal, |
| | Sent by an "Attendee" to the "Organizer". |
| | |
| DECLINECOUNTER | Decline a counter proposal. Sent to an |
| | "Attendee" by the "Organizer". |
+================+==================================================+
|================|==================================================|
| Method | Description |
|================|==================================================|
| PUBLISH | Publish unsolicited busy time data. |
| REQUEST | Request busy time data. |
| REPLY | Reply to a busy time request. |
|================|==================================================|
+================+==================================================+
| Method | Description |
|================+==================================================|
| PUBLISH | Post notification of a VTODO. Used primarily as |
| | a method of advertising the existence of a VTODO.|
| | |
| REQUEST | Assign a VTODO. This is an explicit assignment to|
| | one or more Calendar Users. The REQUEST method |
| | is also used to update or change an existing |
| | VTODO. Clients that cannot handle REQUEST MAY |
| | degrade the method to treat it as a PUBLISH. |
| | |
| REPLY | Reply to a VTODO request. Attendees MAY set |
| | PARTSTAT to ACCEPTED, DECLINED, TENTATIVE, |
| | DELEGATED, PARTIAL, and COMPLETED. |
| | |
| ADD | Add one or more instances to an existing to-do. |
| | |
| CANCEL | Cancel one or more instances of an existing |
| | to-do. |
| | |
| REFRESH | A request sent to a VTODO Organizer asking for |
| | the latest version of a VTODO. |
| | |
| COUNTER | Counter a REQUEST with an alternative proposal. |
| | |
| DECLINECOUNTER | Decline a counter proposal by an Attendee. |
+================+==================================================+
+================+==================================================+
| Method | Description |
|================+==================================================|
| PUBLISH | Post a journal entry. Used primarily as a method |
| | of advertising the existence of a journal entry. |
| | |
| ADD | Add one or more instances to an existing journal |
| | entry. |
| | |
| CANCEL | Cancel one or more instances of an existing |
| | journal entry. |
+================+==================================================+
|==============+============================+=========================|
| Short Return | Longer Return Status | Offending Data |
| Status Code | Description | |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 2.0 | Success. | None. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 2.1 | Success but fallback taken | Property name and value |
| | on one or more property | MAY be specified. |
| | values. | |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 2.2 | Success, invalid property | Property name MAY be |
| | ignored. | specified. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 2.3 | Success, invalid property | Property parameter name |
| | parameter ignored. | and value MAY be |
| | | specified. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 2.4 | Success, unknown non- | Non-standard property |
| | standard property ignored. | name MAY be specified. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 2.5 | Success, unknown non | Property and non- |
| | standard property value | standard value MAY be |
| | ignored. | specified. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 2.6 | Success, invalid calendar | Calendar component |
| | component ignored. | sentinel (e.g., BEGIN: |
| | | ALARM) MAY be |
| | | specified. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 2.7 | Success, request forwarded | Original and forwarded |
| | to Calendar User. | caluser addresses MAY |
| | | be specified. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 2.8 | Success, repeating event | RRULE or RDATE property |
| | ignored. Scheduled as a | name and value MAY be |
| | single component. | specified. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 2.9 | Success, truncated end date| DTEND property value |
| | time to date boundary. | MAY be specified. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 2.10 | Success, repeating VTODO | RRULE or RDATE property |
| | ignored. Scheduled as a | name and value MAY be |
| | single VTODO. | specified. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 2.11 | Success, unbounded RRULE | RRULE property name and |
| | clipped at some finite | value MAY be specified. |
| | number of instances | Number of instances MAY |
| | | also be specified. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 3.0 | Invalid property name. | Property name MAY be |
| | | specified. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 3.1 | Invalid property value. | Property name and value |
| | | MAY be specified. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 3.2 | Invalid property parameter.| Property parameter name |
| | | and value MAY be |
| | | specified. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 3.3 | Invalid property parameter | Property parameter name |
| | value. | and value MAY be |
| | | specified. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 3.4 | Invalid calendar component | Calendar component |
| | sequence. | sentinel MAY be |
| | | specified (e.g., BEGIN: |
| | | VTIMEZONE). |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 3.5 | Invalid date or time. | Date/time value(s) MAY |
| | | be specified. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 3.6 | Invalid rule. | Rule value MAY be |
| | | specified. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 3.7 | Invalid Calendar User. | Attendee property value |
| | |MAY be specified. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 3.8 | No authority. | METHOD and Attendee |
| | | property values MAY be |
| | | specified. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 3.9 | Unsupported version. | VERSION property name |
| | | and value MAY be |
| | | specified. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 3.10 | Request entity too large. | None. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 3.11 | Required component or | Component or property |
| | property missing. | name MAY be specified. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 3.12 | Unknown component or | Component or property |
| | property found | name MAY be specified |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 3.13 | Unsupported component or | Component or property |
| | property found | name MAY be specified |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 3.14 | Unsupported capability | Method or action MAY |
| | | be specified |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 4.0 | Event conflict. Date/time | DTSTART and DTEND |
| | is busy. | property name and values|
| | | MAY be specified. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 5.0 | Request MAY supported. | Method property value |
| | | MAY be specified. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 5.1 | Service unavailable. | ATTENDEE property value |
| | | MAY be specified. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 5.2 | Invalid calendar service. | ATTENDEE property value |
| | | MAY be specified. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
| 5.3 | No scheduling support for | ATTENDEE property value |
| | user. | MAY be specified. |
|==============+============================+=========================|
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Attendee indicates | | "D" sends a "REPLY" |
| completion | | message indicating |
| | | completion |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+---+----------------+---+----------------------+---+-----
|HP1| LP1 |HP2| LP2 |HP3| ...
+---+----------------+---+----------------------+---+-----
Figure 1
HP segments dispersed on an encoded video bitstream over time
| 3| 13 | 8 | 24 | 16 | 64 bits |
+--+-----+---+--------+--------+--------------------------------+
|FP| TLA |RES| NLA | SLA | Interface ID |
| | ID | | ID | ID | |
+--+-----+---+--------+--------+--------------------------------+
<--Public Topology---> Site
<-------->
Topology
<------Interface Identifier----->
| 3 | 13 | 13 | 19 |
+----+----------+---------+---------------+
| FP | TLA | Sub-TLA | NLA |
| | ID | | ID |
+----+----------+---------+---------------+
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| |
+ Initialization Vector (8 octets) +
| |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| |
~ Encrypted Payload (variable length) ~
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
|IR1| |IR2| |IR3| |XR1| |XR2| |XR3|
--+-- --+-- --+-- --+-- --+-- --+--
| | | | | |
--+-------+-------+---------------+-------+-------+--
<-------------RIP-2------------->
**subnet 1**|-----ISTG ------|**subnet 2**
EBN1 EBN2
PLU SLU
---------------------------->|
(1) |--------------->|
(2) |---------->
(3)
**subnet 1**|-----ISTG ------|**subnet 2**
EBN1 NN/PBN
PLU SLU
---------------------------->|
(1) |--------------------------->
(2)
**subnet 1**|-----ISTG ------|**subnet 2**
NN/PBN EBN1
PLU SLU
---------------------------->|
(1) |---------->
(2)
**subnet 1**|-----ISTG ------|**subnet 2**
EBN1 EBN2
PLU SLU
COS A
---------------------------->|
COS B
|---------->
**subnet 1**|-----ISTG ------|**subnet 2**
EBN1 NN/PBN
PLU SLU
COS A
----------->|
COS B
|--------------------------->
**subnet 1**|-----ISTG ------|**subnet 2**
NN/PBN EBN1
PLU SLU
COS A
---------------------------->|
COS B
|---------->
_____
__ _____/ \_____
[__] / \
[----]-.-.-.-. Internet .-.
\_____ _______/ |
__ \__./ __ .
[__] / [__] |
[----]-. [----]-.
/--\
()/\()__
/__\ \ .................................
\ ! ! ! /--\
__ \ [-!-] [-!-] ! ()/\()
\ \ \__[CO ]=========[CO ]==\\ ! ___/__\
[Fax]________[---] [---] \\ [-!-] / __
\\=======[CO ]____/ \ \
[---]________[Fax]
Key: ___ Access Lines
=== Trunk Links (inter-CO user data links)
... Inter-CO signaling network links
CO Central Office (Telephone Exchange)
/--\
() ()
-- .................................
/ \<--- ^ ! ! /--\
/----\ \ ! v ! () ()
A' \ [-!-] [-!-] ! --
\__[CO ]=========[CO ]==\\ v ->-/ \
[---] [---] \\ [-!-] / /----\
\\=======[CO ]____/ B'
Time = 14:00 [---]
/--\ [---]
() () [SN ]
--___ [|--]
/++\ \ |
/----\ \ |
\ |
A \ [|-!]
\->[CO ]
[---]
Time = 13:55
/--\ [---]
() () [SN ]
-- [|--] /--\
/ \<-- | ............................... () ()
/----\ \ | ^ ! ! --
\ | / v v / \
A' \ [|-!] [-!-] [-!-] ->-/----\
\--[CO ] [CO ] [CO ] /
[---] [---] [---]___/ B'
Time = 14:00
_____
__ _____/ \_____
[__] / \
[-++-]-.-.>.-. Internet .-.-
\_____ _______/ .
\___/ v
[----] .
[PINT]-.-
[----]
%
v
[---]
[SN ]
[|--]
_____
__ _____/ \_____
[__] / \
[----]-.-.-.-. Internet .-.-
\_____ _______/ .
\___/ |
[----] .
[PINT]-.-
[-%--]
%
%
/--\ [-%-]
() () [SN ]
-- [|--] /--\
/ \<-- | .................... () ()
/----\ \ | ^ ! ! --
\ | / v v / \
A' \ [|-!] [-!-] [-!-] ->-/----\
\--[CO ]=======[CO ]======[CO ] /
[---] [---] [---]__/ B'
Internet __ __
Server [__] _______ [__]
[W3S-]-. ___/ .-.-.-[W3C-] Internet
_________________|/.-.-.-.-. \ Terminal
/ .. . \
| Internet / . \ |
\___________ . . . /
\/___|____\_________/
. . .
/ | \
(A) (B) (E)
. . .
_|_ _|_ _|_
[SN ]<-(D)--[SMS]--(H)->[SCP]
[|-|] --- [-!-]
/ \ !
(C) (I) ...........(F)...!.(G).
/ \ ! !
[--|] [|-!] [-!-]
[CO ] [MSC] [SSP]
[---] [---] \|/ [---]
/--\ | |____| | /--\
()/\() | | ()/\()
/--\___| 1 |___/--\
Fixed PSTN Terminal [] Fixed PSTN Terminal
Mobile Terminal
_____ _______ _____
|[W3C]|----(p0)-->| [W3S] |<--(p0)----|[W3C]|
|[---]| | [WSA] | |[FS.]|
|-----| | ! | |[-!-]|
| (p1) | |--\--|
| ! | ^
| ! | (p6)
| ! | \
| (p1) | \
| ! | \
|[Srvlt]| \
|___!___| \
! \
(p3) \
Internet ! !
.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+. v .+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.!.+.+.+.+.+.
PSTN/IN _______________!_________________ ____!_____ __________
|I [PktFlt] I| |[PktFlt]| |[PktFlt]|
|N Gateway N| | ! | | ! |
|A ___________________________ A| | ! | | ! |
|P | | P| | ! | |[SNMPAg]|
-(p4)-- |A | <-(p4)-> [SCP] <-(p4)-> | A|-(p5)->|[SR/IIP]| | [SMS] |
\ |d | [-^-] | d| |[------]| | [-^-] |
\ |__| ! |__| |________| |___!____|
\ ! !
[-v-] !-----------------(p9)-----------------!
[SSP]
[---]
___| |______
| |
| /--\ | /--\
| ()/\() | ()/\()
|__/__\ |____/__\
_____ _______
|[W3C]|----(p0)-->| [W3S] |
|[---]| | [WSA] |
|-----| | ! |
| (p1) |
| ! |
| ! |
| ! |
| (p1) |
| ! |
|[SSTPC]|-<----------------------------------
|___!___| !
! (p8)
(p3) !
Internet ! v
.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+. v .+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+. ! .+.+
PSTN/IN _______________!__________________________________ ____!_____
| [PktFlt] Service [PktFlt]| |[PktFlt]|
| ! Node | | ! |
| [SCF Adaptor] | | ! |
| ! | |[SNMPAg]|
|[SSF]<-(p4)->[SCF] <-------(p4)--------> [SRF] | | [SMS] |
|[|--] [-^-] [---] | | [-^-] |
|_|_____________!________________________________| |___!____|
| ! !
[-v-] (p7) !-----------------(p9)-----------------!
[CO.]____|
[---]
___| |_______
| |
| /--\ | /--\
| ()/\() | ()/\()
|__/__\ |____/__\
_____ ________
|[W3C]|----(p0)-->| [W3S] |
|[---]| | [WSA] |
|-----| | ! |
| (p1) |
| ! |
|[WS/CBS]|
|[Adaptr]|
|___!____|
^
(p2)
_____ ___v____
|[CBC]| | [CBS] |
|[---]|<---(p2)-->| [---] |-<---------------------------------
|-----| |___!____| !
! (p8)
(p3) !
Internet ! v
.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+. v .+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+. ! .+.+
PSTN/IN _______________!__________________________________ ____!_____
| [PktFlt] Service [PktFlt]| |[PktFlt]|
| ! Node | | ! |
| [SCF Adaptor] | | ! |
| ! | |[SNMPAg]|
|[SSF]<-(p4)->[SCF] <-------(p4)--------> [SRF] | | [SMS] |
|[|--] [-^-] [---] | | [-^-] |
|_|_____________!________________________________| |___!____|
| ! !
[---] (p7) !-----------------(p9)-----------------!
[CO.]____|
[---]
___| |_______
| |
| /--\ | /--\
| ()/\() | ()/\()
|__/__\ |____/__\
_____ ________
|[W3C]|----(p0)-->| [W3S] |
|[---]| | [WSA] |
|-----| | ! |
| (p1) |
| ! |
|[WS/ ]|
|[ SCTPS]|
|[Adaptr]|
|___!____|
^
(p2)
_______ ___v___
|[SCTPC]| |[SCTPS]|
|[-----]| <-(p2)--> |[-----]|-<----------------------------------
|-------| |___!___| !
! (p8)
(p3) !
Internet ! v
.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+. v .+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+. ! .+.+.
PSTN/IN _______________!__________________________________ ____!_____
| [PktFlt] Service [PktFlt]| |[PktFlt]|
| ! Node | | ! |
| [SCF Adaptor] | | ! |
| ! | |[SNMPAg]|
|[SSF]<-(p4)->[SCF] <-------(p4)--------> [SRF] | | [SMS] |
|[|--] [-^-] [---] | | [-^-] |
|_|_____________!________________________________| |___!____|
| ! !
[---] (p7) !-----------------(p9)-----------------!
[CO.]____|
[---]
___| |_______
| |
| /--\ | /--\
| ()/\() | ()/\()
|__/__\ |____/__\
Web Users
____________
O -------------------------- | Internet |-------------------
------------ |
|
|
---------------- -------------- ------------
| Service Node | D | Service | B |Web Server|
| (SN) |------------| Management |---------------| |
| | |System (SMS)| | |
| | A -------------- | |
| |-----------------------------------------| |
---------------- ------------
| |
| I | C
| |
----------- ---------
|Mobile | |Central|
|Switching| |Office |
| Center | ---------
----------- |
| |
| |
O O
________________
/
1 _____ / 2 _____
/|________________| |________| | PSTN
|____| \ |____|
Call \ / SCF\
Broker \ / SN \
\_____________
/ \
/ \
/ \
__ __
/\ /\
llllllllllllllll
l l
l Call Broker l Authentication
l Server l Function
l ______ l Interface 2a ______
l | |x x xlx x x x x x x x x | |
l |______|x l |____|
l x x l
l x xl Interface 2b
lSession State lx
l Mnmgt. x l x Usage Recording
l Function l x Function
l _______ x l x ______
l | | l x x x | |
l |_____| xl |____|
llllllllllllllll
x
x Interface 2c
x
_______
| |
|_____|
+------+ +--------+ +--------+ +------+
| | | | SCTP | | | |
| |----| |-------| |----| |
| | | | | | | |
+------+ +--------+ +--------+ +------+
User's PC Web Server/ PINT Gateway SN/SCP/Switch
CGI
+------+
HTML | | INTERNET
+-----+ /--------------| |
| |---/ +------+
| | Web Server
| |---\
+-----+ \
User's PC \ SCTP +------+ +------+
\------------| |-------| | PSTN
| | | |
+------+ +------+
PINT Gateway SN/SCP/Switch
/--\
()/\()__
/__\ \ .................................
\ ! ! ! /--\
__ \ [-!-] [-!-] ! ()/\()
\ \ \__[CO ]=========[CO ]==\\ ! ___/__\
[Fax]________[---] [---] \\ [-!-] / __
\\=======[CO ]____/ \ \
[---]________[Fax]
Key: ___ Access Lines
=== Trunk Links (inter-CO user data links)
... Inter-CO signaling network links
/--\
() ()
--____
/++\ \ ................................. /--\
/----\ \ ^ v ! () ()
A \ [-!-] [-!-] ! --
\->[CO ]=========[CO ]==\\ v ->-/ \
[---] [---] \\ [-!-] / /----\
\\=======[CO ]____/ B
[---]
Key: ___ Access Lines
=== Trunk Links (inter-CO user data links)
... Inter-CO signaling network links
CO Central Office (Telephone Exchange)
[---] [---] [---]
/--\ [SRF] [SCF] [SDF]
()/\()__ [|-!] [-!-] [-!-]
/__\ \ || \.............!......!........
\ || / ! ! /--\
__ \ [|-!] [-!-] ! ()/\()
\ \ \__[SSF] [CCF] ! ___/__\
[Fax]________[CCF]=========[---]==\\ [!--] / __
\\========[CCF]__/ \ \
[---]_______[Fax]
Key: ___ access relationship
=== trunk relationship
... signaling relationship
[---] [---] [---] [---]
/--\ [I.P] [SCP] [SDP] [SN ]
()/\()__ [|-!] [-!-] [-!-] [--|]
/__\ \ || \.............!.....!..... |
\ || / ! \ | /--\
__ \ [|-!] [-!-] \ | ()/\()
\ \ \__[SSP]=========[CO ]==\\ \ | ___/__\
[Fax]________[---] [---] \\ [!-|] / __
\\=======[CO ]__/ \ \
[---]_______[Fax]
+---+
| C | +------------+
| e | <-------------------->| End entity |
| r | Operational +------------+
| t | transactions ^
| | and management | Management
| / | transactions | transactions
| | | PKI users
| C | v
| R | -------------------+--+-----------+----------------
| L | ^ ^
| | | | PKI management
| | v | entities
| R | +------+ |
| e | <---------------------| RA | <---+ |
| p | Publish certificate +------+ | |
| o | | |
| s | | |
| I | v v
| t | +------------+
| o | <------------------------------| CA |
| r | Publish certificate +------------+
| y | Publish CRL ^
| | |
+---+ Management |
transactions |
v
+------+
| CA |
+------+
+---------------+------------------------
| IPv6 header | TCP header + data
| |
| Next Header = |
| TCP |
+---------------+------------------------
+---------------+----------------+------------------------
| IPv6 header | Routing header | TCP header + data
| | |
| Next Header = | Next Header = |
| Routing | TCP |
+---------------+----------------+------------------------
+---------------+----------------+-----------------+-----------------
| IPv6 header | Routing header | Fragment header | fragment of TCP
| | | | header + data
| Next Header = | Next Header = | Next Header = |
| Routing | Fragment | TCP |
+---------------+----------------+-----------------+-----------------
+------------------+----------------------//-----------------------+
| Unfragmentable | Fragmentable |
| Part | Part |
+------------------+----------------------//-----------------------+
+------------------+--------------+--------------+--//--+----------+
| Unfragmentable | first | second | | last |
| Part | fragment | fragment | .... | fragment |
+------------------+--------------+--------------+--//--+----------+ fragment packets:
+------------------+--------+--------------+
| Unfragmentable |Fragment| first |
| Part | Header | fragment |
+------------------+--------+--------------+
+------------------+--------+--------------+
| Unfragmentable |Fragment| second |
| Part | Header | fragment |
+------------------+--------+--------------+
o
o
o
+------------------+--------+----------+
| Unfragmentable |Fragment| last |
| Part | Header | fragment |
+------------------+--------+----------+
+------------------+----------------------//------------------------+
| Unfragmentable | Fragmentable |
| Part | Part |
+------------------+----------------------//------------------------+
| 128 - N bits | N bits |
+---------------------------------------+------------------------+
| link prefix | interface identifier |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
10 bits 54 bits 64 bits
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
|1111111010| (zeros) | Interface Identifier |
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
10 bits 54 bits 64 bits
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
|1111111010| (zeros) | Interface Identifier |
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
10 bits 54 bits 64 bits
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
|1111111010| (zeros) | Interface Identifier |
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
| 3 | 13 | 32 | 16 | 64 bits |
+---+-----+-----------+--------+--------------------------------+
|FP | TLA | NLA ID | SLA ID | Interface ID |
| | ID | | | |
+---+-----+-----------+--------+--------------------------------+
most-significant least-significant
bit bit
|0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|cccccc0gcccccccc|cccccccceeeeeeee|eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee|eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
most-significant least-significant
bit bit
|0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|cccccc1gcccccccc|cccccccceeeeeeee|eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee|eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
most-significant least-significant
bit bit
|0 1|1 3|3 4|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|cccccc0gcccccccc|cccccccceeeeeeee|eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+
most-significant least-significant
bit bit
|0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|cccccc1gcccccccc|cccccccc11111111|11111110eeeeeeee|eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| 10 bits | 54 bits | 64 bits |
+----------+------------------------+-----------------------------+
|1111111010| 0 | Interface Identifier |
+----------+------------------------+-----------------------------+
Tunnel from node B to node C
<---------------------->
Tunnel Tunnel
Entry-Point Exit-Point
Node Node
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
|A|-->--//-->--|B|=====>=====//=====>=====|C|-->--//-->--|D|
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
Original Original
Packet Packet
Source Destination
Node Node
Fig.1 Tunnel
Tunnel from Node B to Node C
<------------------------>
Tunnel Tunnel
Original Entry-Point Exit-Point Original
Packet Node Node Packet
Source Destination
Node Node
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
| |-->--//-->--| |=====>=====//=====>======| |-->--//-->--| |
|A| |B| |C| |D|
| |--<--//--<--| |=====<=====//=====<======| |--<--//--<--| |
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
Original Original
Packet Packet
Destination Tunnel Tunnel Source
Node Exit-Point Entry-Point Node
Node Node
<------------------------->
Tunnel from Node C to Node B
Fig.2 Bi-directional Tunneling Mechanism
+----------------------------------//-----+
| Original | |
| | Original Packet Payload |
| Header | |
+----------------------------------//-----+
< Original Packet >
|
v
<Tunnel IPv6 Headers> < Original Packet >
+---------+ - - - - - +-------------------------//--------------+
| IPv6 | IPv6 | |
| | Extension | Original Packet |
| Header | Headers | |
+---------+ - - - - - +-------------------------//--------------+
< Tunnel IPv6 Packet >
+---------+- - - - - -+----------------------------------//-----+
| IPv6 | IPv6 | |
| | Extension | Original Packet |
| Header | Headers | |
+---------+- - - - - -+----------------------------------//-----+
< Tunnel IPv6 Packet >
|
v
+----------------------------------//-----+
| Original | |
| | Original Packet Payload |
| Headers | |
+----------------------------------//-----+
< Original Packet >
Outer Tunnel
<------------------------------------->
<--links--><-virtual link-><--links--->
Inner Tunnel
Outer Tunnel Outer Tunnel
Entry-Point Exit-Point
Node Node
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| |->-//->-| |=>=//=>=| |**>**//**>**| |=>=//=>==| |->-//->-| |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
Original Inner Tunnel Inner Tunnel Original
Packet Entry-Point Exit-Point Packet
Source Node Node Destination
Node Node
+-------+ +-------+ +-----------------------+
| Upper | | Upper | | Upper |
| Layer | | Layer | | Layer |
| Proto.| | Proto | | IPv6 Tunnel |
| Error | | Error | | Error |
| Input | | Input | | Input |
| | | | | Decapsulate |
| | | | | -->--ICMPv6--#2->-- |
| | | | | | Payload | |
+-------+ +-------+ +--|-----------------|--+
| | | |
^ ^ ^ v
| | | |
--------------------#1-- -----Orig.Packet?--- - - - - - - -
#1 #3 Int.Error Code, #5 |
Int.Error Code,^ v Source Address, v v
ICMPv6 Payload | IPv6 | Orig. Packet | IPv4 |
+--------------+ +------------+ +------------+ + - - +
| | | | | |
| ICMP v6 | | ICMP v6 | | ICMP v4 | | |
| Input | | Err Report | | Err Report |
| - - - - +----+ - - - -| + - - - -+ + - - +
| | | |
| IPv6 Layer | | IPv4 Layer | | |
| | | |
+--------------------------------+ +------------+ + - - +
| | |
^ V V
#0 #4 #6
| | |
Tunnel ICMPv6 ICMPv6 ICMPv4
Message Message Message
| | |
+---------+ +--------+ +-------------------//------+
| New | | ICMP | | |
(c.2) | IPv4 | + | | + | Orig. Packet in Error |
| Header | | Header | | |
+---------+ +--------+ +-------------------//------+
|
v
+---------+--------+-------------------//------+
| New | ICMP | Original |
(d.2) | IPv4 | | |
| Header | Header | Packet in Error |
+---------+--------+-------------------//------+
< New ICMP Message >
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| DSCP | CU |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+-------+
| |-------------------+
+----->| Meter | |
| | |--+ |
| +-------+ | |
| V V
+------------+ +--------+ +---------+
| | | | | Shaper/ |
packets =====>| Classifier |=====>| Marker |=====>| Dropper |=====>
| | | | | |
+------------+ +--------+ +---------+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| PRECEDENCE | TOS | 0 | 0 | RFC 791
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| PRECEDENCE | TOS | RFC 1122
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| PRECEDENCE | TOS | MBZ | RFC 1349
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| DSCP | CU |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Mechanism Use Section Where
+------------------------+-------------+------------+--------+
| Path-MTU Discovery | Recommended | 3.1 | S |
| FEC | Recommended | 3.2 | L |
| TCP Congestion Control | | | |
| Slow Start | Required | 4.1.1 | S |
| Congestion Avoidance | Required | 4.1.1 | S |
| Fast Retransmit | Recommended | 4.1.2 | S |
| Fast Recovery | Recommended | 4.1.2 | S |
| TCP Large Windows | | | |
| Window Scaling | Recommended | 4.2 | S,R |
| PAWS | Recommended | 4.2 | S,R |
| RTTM | Recommended | 4.2 | S,R |
| TCP SACKs | Recommended | 4.4 | S,R |
+------------------------+-------------+------------+--------+
Table 1
---------------------------------------
| | | |
| | | |
+---+ +---+ +---+ +---+
| H1| | H2| | H3| | R |
+---+ +---+ +---+ +---+
10 bits 54 bits 64 bits
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
|1111111010| (zeros) | Interface Token |
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
+-----+
| | |
| | | +---------------------+
|E | | 1.544 MBPS | Line#A | DS1 Link
|t | R |---------------+ - - - - - - - - - +------>
|h | | | |
|e | O | 1.544 MBPS | Line#B | DS1 Link
|r | |---------------+ - - - - - - - - - - +------>
|n | U | | CSU Shelf |
|e | | 1.544 MBPS | Line#C | DS1 Link
|t | T |---------------+ - - - -- -- - - - - +------>
| | | | |
|-----| E | 1.544 MBPS | Line#D | DS1 Link
| | |---------------+ - - - - -- - - - - +------>
| | R | |_____________________|
| | |
| +-----+
+-----+
| | |
| | | +---------------------+
|E | | 1.544 MBPS | Line#A | DS1 Link
|t | R |---------------+ - - - - - - - - - +------>
|h | | | |
|e | O | 1.544 MBPS | Line#B | DS1 Link
|r | |---------------+ - - - - - - - - - - +------>
|n | U | | CSU Shelf |
|e | | 1.544 MBPS | Line#C | DS1 Link
|t | T |---------------+ - - - -- -- - - - - +------>
| | | | |
|-----| E | 1.544 MBPS | Line#D | DS1 Link
| | |---------------+ - - - - -- - - - - +------>
| | R | |_____________________|
| | |
| +-----+
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| UPDATE STATISTICS COUNTERS |
| |
|<-------------- NEAR END ----------->| |<--------- FAR END --------->|
| |
|LCV LES PCV ES CSS BES SES SEFS UAS DM PCV ES CSS BES SES SEFS UAS DM|
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-----+
| | |
| | | +---------------------+
|E | | 44.736 MBPS | ds3 M13 Line#A | ds3 C-bit Parity
|t | R |---------------+ - - - - - - - - - +------>
|h | | | |
|e | O | 44.736 MBPS | ds3 M13 Line#B | ds3 C-bit Parity
|r | |---------------+ - - - - - - - - - - +------>
|n | U | | |
|e | | 44.736 MBPS | ds3 M13 Line#C | ds3 C-bit Parity
|t | T |---------------+ - - - -- -- - - - - +------>
| | | | |
|-----| E | 44.736 MBPS | ds3 M13 Line#D | ds3 C-bit Parity
| | |---------------+ - - - - -- - - - - +------>
| | R | |_____________________|
| | |
| +-----+
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| UPDATE STATISTICS COUNTERS |
| |
|<------------- NEAR END ---------------->| |<---- FAR END ----->|
| |
|LCV LES PCV CCV PES CES PSES CSES SEFS UAS CCV CES CSES SEFS UAS|
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
|0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|0000000000000000|0000000000000000|0000000000000000|0000000001001001|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
10 bits 54 bits 64 bits
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
|1111111010| (zeros) | Interface Identifier |
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| Security Association Identifier (SPI), 32 bits |
+===============+===============+===============+===============+
| Opaque Transform Data, variable length |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+...............................+
: msb of session context ID : (if 16-bit CID)
+-------------------------------+
| lsb of session context ID |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 0 | 0 | 0 | I | link sequence |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
: :
+ UDP checksum + (if nonzero in context)
: :
+...............................+
: :
+ "RANDOM" fields + (if encapsulated)
: :
+...............................+
: delta IPv4 ID : (if I = 1)
+-------------------------------+
| UDP data |
: (uncompressed RTP header) :
+---+ cert. publish +------------+ j
| | <--------------------- | End Entity | <-------
| C | g +------------+ "out-of-band"
| | | ^ loading
| e | | | initial
| r | a | | b registration/
| t | | | certification
| | | | key pair recovery
| / | | | key pair update
| | | | certificate update
| C | PKI "USERS" V | revocation request
| R | -------------------+-+-----+-+------+-+-------------------
| L | PKI MANAGEMENT | ^ | ^
| | ENTITIES a | | b a | | b
| | V | | |
| R | g +------+ d | |
| e | <------------ | RA | <-----+ | |
| p | cert. | | ----+ | | |
| o | publish +------+ c | | | |
| s | | | | |
| i | V | V |
| t | g +------------+ i
| o | <------------------------| CA |------->
| r | h +------------+ "out-of-band"
| y | cert. publish | ^ publication
| | CRL publish | |
+---+ | | cross-certification
e | | f cross-certificate
| | update
| |
V |
+------+
| CA-2 |
+------+
EE RA CA
---- req ---->
<--- chall ---
---- resp --->
---- req' --->
<--- rep -----
---- conf --->
<--- rep -----
---- conf --->
<-----------------------VCC-------------------------->
------------ -----------
|ATM | |ATM |
|X-Connect | |X-Connect |
VCL1 |Point | VCL2 |Point | VCL3
O---------|----X-----|-------|-----|----X-----|-------O
| | | |
------------ ------------
ATM Switch ATM Switch
<-----------------------VPC-------------------------->
------------ -----------
|ATM | |ATM |
|X-Connect | |X-Connect |
VPL1 |Point | VPL2 |Point | VPL3
O---------|----X-----|-------|-----|----X-----|-------O
| | | |
------------ ------------
ATM Switch ATM Switch
<---------------------VCC--------------------------->
--------------------------------------
| |
| ---------- ---------- |
| | ATM | | ATM | |
VCL1 | | Switch | | Switch | | VCL3
O-------|-|--------|------/-------|--------|-|------O
| | | | | |
| ---------- ---------- |
| |
| ATM Network |
--------------------------------------
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+
pvc| ATM |svc svc | ATM |svc svc | ATM |pvc
----| Switch |-----------| Switch |-----------| Switch |----
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+
---------- ----------
UNI | ATM | NNI | ATM | UNI
| | switch | | | switch | |
O<---|---->X(UPC) |<----|------>| (UPC)X<-----|--->O
| VCL | | | VCL | | VCL |
---------- ----------
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| ATM | IF a IF b | ATM | IF c IF d | ATM |
| Device |--------------| Device |--------------| Device |
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+
MSB LSB
+----------------------------------------------------+
| | | | |
+----------------------------------------------------+
^ ^ ^ ^
| | | |
Max bits Max Bits Max Max
supported supported Active (config.) current (negotiated)
by MIB by h/w Bits Bits
___________________________
| |
| ============= |
| | AAL5 | |
| | Entity | |
| ============= |
| | |
| -----Prop. Virtual Interface
| | |
| ============= |
| | ATM | |
| | Entity | |
| ============= |
|_____|__|__|__|__|_______|
| | | | |
---------------- ATM UNIs
| | | | |
| | | | |
v v v v v
__________________
| |
| AAL5 |
|________________|
| |
| Prop. Virtual |
| Interface |
|________________|
___________________________
| |
| ============= |
| | AAL5 | |
| | Entity | |
| ============= |
| | ATM | |
| | Entity | |
| ============= |
|___________|_____________|
|
__|__ ATM UNI
|
|
v
__________________
| |
| AAL5 |
|________________|
| |
| ATM Layer |
|________________|
| |
| Physical Layer|
|________________|
Table 1 - Structuring of ATM Managed Objects
______________________________________________________________
| |This |ILMI|
ATM Mgmt.Inf. |ATM Managed Objects |memo |MIBs|
______________|_________________________________|_______|____|
Local Interface Information:
_____________________________________________________________
ATM interface:| (1) port identifier |ATM MIB| |
physical layer| (2) physical transmission types | (1)*|yes |
configuration | (3) operational status |MIB II | * |
| (4) administrative status | | ** |
| (5) last change status | | |
_____________________________________________________________
ATM interface:| (1) active VPI/VCI fields |ATM MIB| |
cell layer | (2) maximum number of VPCs/VCCs | (1) |yes |
configuration | (3) configured VPCs/VCCs | | ** |
| (4) ILMI VPI/VCI values | | |
| (5) Neighbor system info | | |
| (6) Max. number of VPI/VCI bits | |yes |
| (7) ATM Subscribed Address | | |
_____________________________________________________________
ATM interface:|(1) received/transmitted cells | | |
cell layer |(2) cells with HEC error |MIB II |yes |
performance |(3) cell header validation errors| | |
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
ATM interface:|(1)DS3 PLCP severely errored |ATM MIB| |
PLCP & TC | framing seconds | (2)| |
layer |(2)DS3 PLCP unavailable seconds | |no |
performance |(3)DS3 PLCP alarm state | | |
|(4)out of cell delineation events| | |
|(5)TC alarm state | | |
_____________________________________________________________
VP/VC link: |(1)VPI or VPI/VCI value |ATM MIB| |
configuration |(2)VCL or VPL operational status | (3,4)|yes |
|(3)VCL/VPL administrative status | |*** |
|(4)VCL/VPL last change status | | |
|(5)transmit/receive traffic/ | | |
| service category parameters | | |
|(6)AAL type | | |
|(7)transmit/receive AAL5 SDU size| | |
|(8)AAL5 encapsulation type | | |
|(9)connection topology type | | |
|(10)use of call control | | |
_____________________________________________________________
VP/VC |(1)cross-connect identifier | | |
Cross-connect:|(2)port identifier of one | | |
configuration | end | | |
|(3)port identifier of the other |ATM MIB| |
| end | (5)|no |
|(4)VPI or VPI/VCI value | | |
| of one end | | |
|(5)VPI or VPI/VCI value of | | |
| the other end | | |
|(6)VC/VP cross-connect | | |
| operational status | | |
|(7)VC/VP cross-connect | | |
| administrative status | | |
|(8)VC/VP last change status | | |
_____________________________________________________________
VCC AAL5 CPCS |(1)PDUs discarded for CRC errors |ATM MIB| |
layer: |(2)PDUs discarded due to | (6) | |
performance | reassembly time out | |no |
|(3)PDUs discarded due to large | | |
| SDUs | | |
_____________________________________________________________
AAL5 entity: |(1)received/transmitted PDUs | | |
|(2)PDUs discarded due to | | |
| protocol errors |MIB II |no |
|(3)a set of configuration/state | | |
| parameters | | |
_____________________________________________________________
-- ________________________________
-- | |
-- VPL | ATM Host, Switch, or Network | VPL
-- receive | | receive
-- ========> X X <=======
-- <======== X X ========>
-- transmit | | transmit
-- |______________________________|
-- _________________________________________
-- | |
-- Low | ATM Switch or Network | High
-- port| | port
-- _____|>> from low to high VPC traffic flow >>|______
-- |<< from high to low VPC traffic flow <<|
-- | |
-- |_______________________________________|
--
Current lock state/ | Shared Lock | Exclusive
Lock request | | Lock
=====================+=================+==============
None | True | True
---------------------+-----------------+--------------
Shared Lock | True | False
---------------------+-----------------+--------------
Exclusive Lock | False | False*
------------------------------------------------------
Tier 1
+-- Provider <--+
| |
o aggregates routes | | o announces customer routes
it originates | | o aggregates routes it originates
| ^ o uses "no-export" if appropriate
|
+---> Tier 2 <--+
Provider |
V |
| |
o aggregates routes | | o announces customer routes
it originates | | o aggregates routes it originates
| | o uses "no-export" if appropriate
| |
| ^
-> Customer AS
access router
+------------+
| x.x.x.x/20 |
+------------+
| | |
| | |
/24 /22 /25
| 0 1 2 3 4
| Initial Cookie CookieBad Value ValueBad
------+--------------------------------------------------
DU13 |rto,scq/1 rto,scq/1 rto,scq/1 3 4
SF0 |rto,scq/1 1 2 3 4
SF4 |rto,scq/1 1 2 3 4
SF5 |rto,scq/1 1 2 3 4
WC |rto,scq/1 1 2 3 4
|
RCR+ | - rto,svq/3 rto,svq/3 3 4
RCR- | 0 1 2 3 4
RVR+ | - - - rto,siq/5 rto,siq/5
RVR- | 0 1 2 3 4
RIR+ | - - - - -
RIR- | 0 1 2 3 4
|
RUN+ | - - - - -
RUN- | sbc/0 sbc/1 sbc/2 sbc/3 sbc/4
RUM+ | - - - - -
RUM- | sbc/0 sbc/1 sbc/2 sbc/3 sbc/4
|
RBC | - - - 4 4
RRL | - brto/2 brto/2 brto/4 brto/4
RVF | - - - - -
RMR | - - - - -
|
TO+ | - scq/1 scq/2 svq/3 svq/4
TO- | - 0 scq/1 0 scq/1
UTO | - - - - -
XTO | - 0 0 0 0
| 5 6 8
|Identity IdentityBad Update
------+-----------------------------
DU13 | 5 6 8
SF0 | 5 6 rto,scq/1
SF4 | 5 6 rto,scq/1
SF5 | 5 6 rto,scq/1
WC | 5 6 sun/8
|
RCR+ | 5 6 8
RCR- | 5 6 8
RVR+ | 5 6 8
RVR- | 5 6 8
RIR+ | uto/8 uto/8 8
RIR- | svf/5 svf/6 8
|
RUN+ | - - sum/8
RUN- | sbc/5 sbc/6 se*/8
RUM+ | - - 8
RUM- | sbc/5 sbc/6 se*/8
|
RBC | 6 6 rto,scq/1
RRL | 5 6 buto/8
RVF | log/5 log/6 log/8
RMR | log/5 log/6 log/8
|
TO+ | sim/5 sim/6 -
TO- | 0 scq/1 -
UTO | - - sum/8
XTO | 0 0 0
| 0 7 8
| Initial Ready Update
------+-----------------------------
WC | - 7 sun/8
|
RCQ+ | scr/0 scr/7 scr/8
RCQ- | srl/0 srl/7 srl/8
RVQ+ |xto,svr/7 svr/7 svr/8
RVQ- | sbc/0 sbc/7 sbc/8
RIQ+ | - uto,sir/8 sir/8
RIQ- | sbc/0 se*/7 se*/8
|
RUN+ | - - sum/8
RUN- | sbc/0 sbc/7 se*/8
RUM+ | - - 8
RUM- | sbc/0 sbc/7 se*/8
|
RBC | - 7 rto,scq/1
RRL | - - buto/8
RVF | - - log/8
RMR | - - log/8
|
UTO | - - sum/8
XTO | - 0 0
+------------------+------+-------+-----+------+
| Protocols| SMTP | IMAP | POP | EMSD |
|Functions | | | | |
|------------------|------|-------|-----|------|
|Submission | XX | | | XXX |
|------------------|------|-------|-----|------|
|Delivery | XXX | | | XXX |
|------------------|------|-------|-----|------|
|Relay (Routing) | XXX | | | |
|------------------|------|-------|-----|------|
|Retrieval | | XXX | XXX | XX |
|------------------|------|-------|-----|------|
|Mailbox Access | | XXX | X | |
|------------------|------|-------|-----|------|
|Mailbox Synch. | | XXX | | |
+------------------+------+-------+-----+------+
+---------------------------------------------+
| MTS |
| |
| +-------------------------+ |
| | MRS | |
| | +---+ +---+ | |
| | | | | M | | +---+ |
| | | |<-------->| T |<----------->| | |
| | | | | A | | | | | +---+
| | | | +---+ | | E | | | E |
| | | | | | M | | | M |
| | | M | | | S | | EMSD-P&FS | S |
| | | T |<-------------------------->| D |<---------------->| D |
| | | A | | | - | | | - |
| | | | +---+ | | S | | | U |
| | | | | M | | | A | | | A |
| | | |<-------->| T |<----------->| | | +---+
| | | | | A | | | | |
| | +---+ +---+ | +---+ |
| | | |
| +-------------------------+ |
| |
| |
+---------------------------------------------+
+------------------+-------+----+---------+----+---------+-----+-----+
|Operation |Invoker|Sap |Performer|Sap |Duplicate|OpId |ESROS|
| | |Sel | |Sel |Detect | |Use |
|__________________|_______|____|_________|____|_________|_____|_____|
|submit |UA |4 |MTS |5 |Yes |33 |3-Way|
|__________________|_______|____|_________|____|_________|_____|_____|
|deliver |MTS |2 |UA |3 |Yes |35 |3-Way|
|__________________|_______|____|_________|____|_________|_____|_____|
|deliveryControl |UA |8 |MTS |9 |No |2 |2-Way|
|__________________|_______|____|_________|____|_________|_____|_____|
|submissionControl |MTS |6 |UA |7 |No |4 |2-Way|
|__________________|_______|____|_________|____|_________|_____|_____|
|submissionVerify |MTS |6 |UA |7 |No |6 |2-Way|
|__________________|_______|____|_________|____|_________|_____|_____|
|deliveryVerify |UA |8 |MTS |9 |No |5 |2-Way|
|__________________|_______|____|_________|____|_________|_____|_____|
|getConfiguration |UA |8 |MTS |9 |No |7 |2-Way|
|__________________|_______|____|_________|____|_________|_____|_____|
|setConfiguration |MTS |6 |UA |7 |No |8 |2-Way|
+------------------+-------+----+---------+----+---------+-----+-----+
| 64 bits | 57 bits | 7 bits |
+---------------------------------+------------------+------------+
| subnet prefix | 1111110111...111 | anycast ID |
+---------------------------------+------------------+------------+
| interface identifier field |
| n bits | 121-n bits | 7 bits |
+---------------------------------+------------------+------------+
| subnet prefix | 1111111...111111 | anycast ID |
+---------------------------------+------------------+------------+
| interface identifier field |
|0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|1111110111111111|1111111111111111|1111111111111111|1111111111111110|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
^ ^^^^^^^
+--- universal/local bit anycast identifier ---+-----+
|0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|1111111111111111|1111111111111111|1111111111111111|1111111111111110|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
^^^^^^^
anycast identifier ---+-----+
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Type |Length | must be zero | IPv4 Address |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 239 | OLS | DST14 | DST15 |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
P(C)
P(C) = TRUE <- : -> P(C) = FALSE
:
+----------:----------+ This box represents some
| : | set of feature collections (C)
| Included : Excluded | that is constrained by the
| : | predicate P.
+----------:----------+
:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| A/C | Z | XT| Z | Z | NAMTYP| Z | Z | Z | Z | SIG |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
KEY RRs| None | NoKeys | Mixed | Keys |
S --+-----------+-----------+----------+----------+
u None | illegal | unsecured | experim. | secure |
p --+-----------+-----------+----------+----------+
e NoKeys | unsecured | unsecured | experim. | secure |
r --+-----------+-----------+----------+----------+
Z Mixed | experim. | experim. | experim. | secure | o --+-----------+-----------+----------+----------+
n Keys | secure | secure | secure | secure |
e +-----------+-----------+----------+----------+
labels= | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
--------+-----+------+--------+----------+----------+
.| . | bad | bad | bad | bad |
d.| *. | d. | bad | bad | bad |
c.d.| *. | *.d. | c.d. | bad | bad |
b.c.d.| *. | *.d. | *.c.d. | b.c.d. | bad |
a.b.c.d.| *. | *.d. | *.c.d. | *.b.c.d. | a.b.c.d. |
property redirect proxy user agent registrar
server server server
__________________________________________________________________
also acts as a SIP client no yes no no
returns 1xx status yes yes yes yes
returns 2xx status no yes yes yes
returns 3xx status yes yes yes yes
returns 4xx status yes yes yes yes
returns 5xx status yes yes yes yes
returns 6xx status no yes yes yes
inserts Via header no yes no no
accepts ACK yes yes yes no
+....... cs.columbia.edu .......+
: :
: (~~~~~~~~~~) :
: ( location ) :
: ( service ) :
: (~~~~~~~~~~) :
: ^ | :
: | hgs@lab :
: 2| 3| :
: | | :
: henning | :
+.. cs.tu-berlin.de ..+ 1: INVITE : | | :
: : henning@cs.col: | \/ 4: INVITE 5: ring :
: cz@cs.tu-berlin.de ========================>(~~~~~~)=========>(~~~~~~) :
: <........................( )<.........( ) :
: : 7: 200 OK : ( )6: 200 OK ( ) :
: : : ( work ) ( lab ) :
: : 8: ACK : ( )9: ACK ( ) :
: ========================>(~~~~~~)=========>(~~~~~~) :
+.....................+ +...............................+
+....... cs.columbia.edu .......+
: :
: (~~~~~~~~~~) :
: ( location ) :
: ( service ) :
: (~~~~~~~~~~) :
: ^ | :
: | hgs@lab :
: 2| 3| :
: | | :
: henning| :
+.. cs.tu-berlin.de ..+ 1: INVITE : | | :
: : henning@cs.col: | \/ :
: cz@cs.tu-berlin.de =======================>(~~~~~~) :
: | ^ | <.......................( ) :
: | . | : 4: 302 Moved : ( ) :
: | . | : hgs@lab : ( work ) :
: | . | : : ( ) :
: | . | : 5: ACK : ( ) :
: | . | =======================>(~~~~~~) :
: | . | : : :
+.......|...|.........+ : :
| . | : :
| . | : :
| . | : :
| . | : :
| . | 6: INVITE hgs@lab.cs.columbia.edu (~~~~~~) :
| . ==================================================> ( ) :
| ..................................................... ( ) :
| 7: 200 OK : ( lab ) :
| : ( ) :
| 8: ACK : ( ) :
======================================================> (~~~~~~) :
+...............................+
where enc. e-e ACK BYE CAN INV OPT REG
__________________________________________________________
Accept R e - - - o o o
Accept 415 e - - - o o o
Accept-Encoding R e - - - o o o
Accept-Encoding 415 e - - - o o o
Accept-Language R e - o o o o o
Accept-Language 415 e - o o o o o
Allow 200 e - - - - m -
Allow 405 e o o o o o o
Authorization R e o o o o o o
Call-ID gc n e m m m m m m
Contact R e o - - o o o
Contact 1xx e - - - o o -
Contact 2xx e - - - o o o
Contact 3xx e - o - o o o
Contact 485 e - o - o o o
Content-Encoding e e o - - o o o
Content-Length e e o - - o o o
Content-Type e e * - - * * *
CSeq gc n e m m m m m m
Date g e o o o o o o
Encryption g n e o o o o o o
Expires g e - - - o - o
From gc n e m m m m m m
Hide R n h o o o o o o
Max-Forwards R n e o o o o o o
Organization g c h - - - o o o
where enc. e-e ACK BYE CAN INV OPT REG
___________________________________________________________________
Proxy-Authenticate 407 n h o o o o o o
Proxy-Authorization R n h o o o o o o
Proxy-Require R n h o o o o o o
Priority R c e - - - o - -
Require R e o o o o o o
Retry-After R c e - - - - - o
Retry-After 404,480,486 c e o o o o o o
503 c e o o o o o o
600,603 c e o o o o o o
Response-Key R c e - o o o o o
Record-Route R h o o o o o o
Record-Route 2xx h o o o o o o
Route R h o o o o o o
Server r c e o o o o o o
Subject R c e - - - o - -
Timestamp g e o o o o o o
To gc(1) n e m m m m m m
Unsupported 420 e o o o o o o
User-Agent g c e o o o o o o
Via gc(2) n e m m m m m m
Warning r e o o o o o o
WWW-Authenticate 401 c e o o o o o o
+===========+
* *
...........>* Initial *<;;;;;;;;;;
: 7 INVITE * * ;
: sent +===========+ ;
: | ;
: | - ;
: | INVITE ;
: | ;
: v ;
: ************* ;
: T1*2^n <--* * ;
: INVITE -->* Calling *--------+ ;
: * * | ;
: ************* | ;
: : | | ;
:.............: | 1xx xxx | ;
| - ACK | ;
| | ;
v | ;
************* | ;
* * | ;
* Ringing *<->1xx | ;
* * | ;
************* | ;
| | ;
|<-------------+ ;
| ;
v ;
************* ;
xxx <--* * ;
ACK -->* Completed * ;
* * ;
************* ;
; 32s (for proxy);
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
7 pkts sent +===============+
+-------------->* *
| * Initial *<...............
|;;;;;;;;;;;;;;>* * :
|; +===============+ :
|; CANCEL ! :
|; 200 ! INVITE :
|; ! 1xx :
|; ! :
|; v :
|; ***************** BYE :
|; INVITE -->* * 200 :
|; 1xx <--* Call proceed. *..............>:
|; * * :
|;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;***************** :
|; ! ! :
|: ! ! :
|; failure ! ! picks up :
|; >= 300 ! ! 200 :
|; +-------+ +-------+ :
|; v v :
|; *********** *********** :
|;INVITE<* *<T1*2^n->* *>INVITE :
|;status>* failure *>status<-* success *<status :
|; * * * * :
|;;;;;;;;*********** *********** :
| ! : | | ! : :
| ! : | | ! : :
+-------------!-:-+------------+ ! : :
! :.................!..:.........>:
! ! BYE :
+---------+---------+ 200 :
event ! ACK :
message sent v :
***************** :
V---* * :
ACK * Confirmed * :
|-->* * :
***************** .
:......................>:
type UAC proxy UAS registrar
_____________________________________________________
Accept R - o m m
Accept-Encoding R - - m m
Accept-Language R - b b b
Allow 405 o - - -
Authorization R a o a a
Call-ID g m m m m
Content-Encoding g m - m m
Content-Length g m m m m
Content-Type g m - m m
CSeq g m m m m
Encryption g e - e e
Expires g - o o m
From g m o m m
Hide R - m - -
Contact R - - - m
Contact r r r - -
Max-Forwards R - b - -
Proxy-Authenticate 407 a - - -
Proxy-Authorization R - a - -
Proxy-Require R - m - -
Require R m - m m
Response-Key R - - e e
Route R - m - -
Timestamp g o o m m
To g m m m m
Unsupported r b b - -
User-Agent g b - b -
Via g m m m m
WWW-Authenticate 401 a - - -
+------------+
| |
+------------| tester |<-------------+
| | | |
| +------------+ |
| |
| +------------+ |
| | | |
+----------->| DUT |--------------+
| |
+------------+
Figure 1
+--------+ +------------+ +----------+
| | | | | |
| sender |-------->| DUT |--------->| receiver |
| | | | | |
+--------+ +------------+ +----------+
Figure 2
+-----------+
| |
+---------------------| tester |<---------------------+
| | | |
| +-----------+ |
| |
| +----------+ +----------+ |
| | | | | |
+------->| DUT 1 |-------------->| DUT 2 |---------+
| | | |
+----------+ +----------+
--------------
---------| in A out X|--------
---------| in B out Y|--------
---------| in C out Z|--------
--------------
+--------+ +------------+
| | | phantom |------ P LAN
A
IN A------| DUT |------------| |------ P LAN
B
| | OUT A | router |------ P LAN
C
+--------+ +------------+
Alt | Plot of Traffic Shaping showing carriers in flight
|
2k | ....................
| . .
| . .
1k | . .
| +---+ +---+
| | A | | B |
| +---+ +---+
|_____________________________________________
+--------+ . . +--------+ . . +-----------+
| |-- Search -->| |-- Search -->| |+
| | : : | | : : | ||
| |-- Locate -->| |-- Locate -->| ||
|Customer| : : | Broker | : : |Supplier(s)||
| |-- Order --->| |-- Order --->| ||
| | : : | | : : | ||
| |<- Deliver --| |<- Deliver --| ||
+--------+ : : +--------+ : : +-----------+|
: : : : +-----------+
Helpers Helpers
<Authentication> <Payment> <Security>
* The rest of the Broker *
^
| -abstract primitives
v
+------------+
| Functional |
| Unit |
+------------+
^
| -technology-specific commands
v
* Technology functions *
+--------------------------------------+
| Functional Unit Manager |
+--------------------------------------+
^ ^
| -abstract primitives- |
v v
+------------+ +------------+
| Functional | | Functional |
| Unit | | Unit |
+------------+ +------------+
^ ^
| -technology-specific commands- |
v v
* Technology * * Technology *
* functions * * functions *
+-------------------------------------+
| Broker Kernel |
+-------------------------------------+
^ ^ ^
| -abstract- | -primitives- |
v v v
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| FUM | | FUM | | FUM |
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+
The GAIA Broker:
----------------
(Customer)) (Alerting)) ( DS )) (Auth)) (Payment))
( FUs )) ( FUs )) ( FUs )) ( FUs)) ( FUs ))
(e.g.HTTP)) (e.g. SMS)) (eg LDAP)) ( )) (e.g.SET))
\/ \/ \/ \/ \/
[Customer] [Alerting] [ DS ] [ Auth ] [Payment]
[ FUM ] [ FUM ] [ FUM ] [ FUM ] [ FUM ]
| | | | |
+----------------------------------------------------------+
| Broker Kernel |
+----------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | |
[ Search ] [ Locate ] [ Order ] [ Stream ] [Discrete]
[ FUM ] [ FUM ] [ FUM ] [Delivery] [Delivery]
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ FUM ] [ FUM ]
/\ /\ /\ /\ /\
( Search )) ( Locate )) ( Order )) ( SD )) ( DD ))
( FUs )) ( FUs )) ( FUs )) ( FUs )) ( FUs ))
(eg Z39.50)) (eg Z39.50)) (eg ISO ILL)) (eg RTP)) (eg FTP))
+----------------+
|Broker |
| |
| -------- |
+-----------+ | [ Kernel ] |
| Broker | | -------- |
| or | | [Customer] |
| Customer | | [ FUM ] |
| | | ========== <-GAIA Customer
| * | | * * | \interface
| { O R B *}* * * * * * *{* O R B * } |
+-----------+ iiop | * | +----------+
| (Customer) | | Customer |
| ( FU ) | | |
+------------I---+ +----I-----+
\ HTTP /
- - - - - -
+-------------------------------------------------+
| Minimal Profile |
+------------------------+------------------------+
| Customer | HTTP 1.1 (server), |
| | HTML 2.0 |
+------------------------+------------------------+
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Basic Profile |
+------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Customer | GAIA Customer interface/IIOP (server) |
| Search and Locate | GAIA Customer interface/IIOP (client) |
| (Discovery) | |
| Order | GAIA Customer interface/IIOP (client) |
| Directory | Some directory access protocol, |
| | such as LDAP |
+------------------------+---------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------------+
| Discovery Extension Module |
+------------------------+------------------------+
| Searching, | Z39.50 (client) |
| Locating | |
+------------------------+------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------------+
| Order Extension Module |
+------------------------+------------------------+
| Order | ISO ILL (client) |
+------------------------+------------------------+
+--------------------------------------------------------+
| Discrete Delivery Extension Module |
+------------------------+-------------------------------+
| FTP profile | FTP (client+server) |
| Email profile | Internet e-mail [SMTP,RFC822] |
| | (receiver+sender), |
| | MIME |
| Document delivery | GEDI version 3.0 |
+------------------------+-------------------------------+
+----------------------------------------------------+
| Stream Delivery Extension Module |
+--------------------------+-------------------------+
| Compression | MPEG-2 Audio Layer 3 |
| Data transfer | RTP (client+server) |
| Mapping | RFC 2250 |
| Session control protocol | RTCP |
+--------------------------+-------------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Security Extension Module |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------+
| Privacy, integrity, non-repudiation | SSL v 3.0, PKCS #7 |
| Remote, client/server authentication | GSS v5 |
| Certification services | PKIX certification |
| | protocol |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------+
+----------------------------------------------------+
| Payment Extension Module |
+------------------------+---------------------------+
| Payment | SET v 1.0 : |
| | 1) CA server for banks |
| | 2) Cardholder wallet |
| | 3) Merchant Server |
| | 4) Payment Gateway server |
+------------------------+---------------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Alerting Extension Module |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Alerting | Internet e-mail [SMTP,RFC822] (sender), |
| | SMS |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------+
+----------------------------------------------------+
| Discovery Extension Module |
+------------------------+---------------------------+
| Searching, | Z39.50 (server) |
| Locating | |
+------------------------+---------------------------+
_____________________________
| | | | >
| | | | |
| VT 1 |..........|VT K| > K ifEntries
| | | | |
|_____________|__________|____| >
| | | | >
| | | | |
| Path 1 |......|Path L| > L ifEntries
| | | | |
|_______________|______|______| >
| | >
| | |
| Line | |
| | |
|_____________________________| |
| | |
| | |
| Section Layer | > 1 ifEntry
| | |
|_____________________________| |
| | |
| | |
| Physical Medium Layer | |
| | |
|_____________________________| >
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| READ COUNTERS & STATUS INFO FROM HARDWARE |
| |
|LOS OOF/ SECT LINE LINE LINE LINE PATH PATH PATH PATH PATH |
| LOF CV AIS CV RDI FEBE AIS LOP CV RDI CV |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
V V V V V V V V V V V V
+---+---+----+----------------------+
!length !type!data !
+---+---+----+----------------------+
------------------------------------------------
| |
| Client LU Target SNA Host |
| |
| Timestamps |
| request A |
| -----------------------------------------> |
| reply(DR) B | |
| <---------------------------------------< |
| | +/-RSP C |
| >---------------------------------------> |
| |
| DR: Definite Response requested |
| +/-RSP: Definite Response |
| |
------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------
| |
| Client TN3270E Target |
| Server SNA Host |
| Timestamps |
| |
| <---IP Network-------><---SNA Network---> |
| |
| request D |
| ------------------------------------------> |
| reply(DR) E | |
| <----------------------------------------< |
| | +/-RSP F |
| >-------------------- - - - - - - - - - > |
| |
------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------
| |
| Client TN3270E Target |
| Server SNA Host |
| Timestamps (PLU) |
| (SLU) Timestamps|
| <---IP Network-------><---SNA Network---> |
| |
| request D A |
| ------------------------------------------> |
| reply(DR) E B | |
| <----------------------------------------< |
| | +/-RSP F C |
| >--------------------------------------> |
| |
------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------
| |
| Client TN3270E Target SNA |
| Server Host |
| Timestamps |
| |
| <---IP Network-------><---SNA Network---> |
| |
| request D (BB,CD,OIC,ER) |
| -------------------------------------------> |
| reply(DR) (FIC,ER,EB) | |
| <-----------------------------------------< |
| reply (MIC,ER) |
| <-----------------------------------------< |
| reply (MIC,ER) |
| <-----------------------------------------< |
| reply E (LIC,DR) |
| <-----------------------------------------< |
| | +/-RSP F |
| >----------------------------------------> |
| |
| BB : Begin Bracket ER : Response by exception |
| EB : End Bracket DR : Definite Response Requested |
| CD : Change Direction FIC : First in chain |
| OIC: Only in chain MIC: Middle in chain |
| LIC: Last in chain |
----------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------
| |
| Client TN3270E Target |
| Server Host |
| Timestamps |
| |
| <---IP Network-------><---SNA Network---> |
| |
| request D (BB,CD,OIC,ER) |
| -------------------------------------------> |
| reply (FIC,ER,EB) | |
| <-----------------------------------------< |
| reply (MIC,ER) |
| <-----------------------------------------< |
| reply (MIC,ER) |
| <-----------------------------------------< |
| reply E (LIC,ER) |
| <-----------------------------------------< |
| TIMING-MARK Rqst E' |
| <--------------------- |
| | TIMING-MARK Rsp F' |
| >-------------------> |
| |
---------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
| |
| Response Time Boundaries |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | no |
| 0 B-1 B-2 B-3 B-4 bound|
| | | | | | | |
| |Bucket1|Bucket2|Bucket3|Bucket4|Bucket5| |
| ----------------------------------------- |
| |
----------------------------------------------
v v v
| | |
| Begins initialization |
| | |
| _____________/|\____________ |
|/DHCPDISCOVER | DHCPDISCOVER \|
| | |
Determines | Determines
configuration | configuration
| | |
| | ____________/|
| | /DHCPOFFER |
| |/ |
| | |
| Collects replies |
| | |
| Selects configuration |
| | |
|--AutoConfigs--|- NO IP ADDR --|
. . .
. . .
| | |
| Graceful shutdown |
| | |
| | |
v v v
+-------+
| File |
+---------+ /+-------+
+-------------+ | Generic | /
| transaction |----| I/O |-------<
| stream | | Channel | \ +------------+
+-------------+ +---------+ \ | open or |
\| listening |
| connection |
+------------+
-----------------------------------------------
| version-number | 2 bytes - required
-----------------------------------------------
| operation-id (request) |
| or | 2 bytes - required
| status-code (response) |
-----------------------------------------------
| request-id | 4 bytes - required
-----------------------------------------------------------
| xxx-attributes-tag | 1 byte |
----------------------------------------------- |-0 or more
| xxx-attribute-sequence | n bytes |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| end-of-attributes-tag | 1 byte - required
-----------------------------------------------
| data | q bytes - optional
-----------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------
| value-tag | 1 byte |
----------------------------------------------- |
| name-length (value is 0x0000) | 2 bytes |
----------------------------------------------- |-0 or more
| value-length (value is w) | 2 bytes |
----------------------------------------------- |
| value | w bytes |
-----------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------
| version-number | 2 bytes - required
-----------------------------------------------
| operation-id (request) |
| or | 2 bytes - required
| status-code (response) |
-----------------------------------------------
| request-id | 4 bytes - required
-----------------------------------------------------------
| tag (delimiter-tag or value-tag) | 1 byte |
----------------------------------------------- |-0 or more
| empty or rest of attribute | x bytes |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| end-of-attributes-tag | 2 bytes - required
-----------------------------------------------
| data | y bytes - optional
-----------------------------------------------
embedded printer:
output device
+---------------+
O +--------+ | ########### |
/|\ | client |------------IPP------------># Printer # |
/ \ +--------+ | # Object # |
| ########### |
+---------------+
hosted printer:
+---------------+
O +--------+ ########### | |
/|\ | client |--IPP--># Printer #-any->| output device |
/ \ +--------+ # Object # | |
########### +---------------+
+---------------+
fan out: | |
+-->| output device |
any/ | |
O +--------+ ########### / +---------------+
/|\ | client |-IPP-># Printer #--*
/ \ +--------+ # Object # \ +---------------+
########### any\ | |
+-->| output device |
| |
+---------------+
+----> canceled
/
+----> pending --------> processing ---------+------> completed
| ^ ^ \
--->+ | | +----> aborted
| v v /
+----> pending-held processing-stopped ---+
+----------------------------------------------------------- >
give me information on printers with these characteristics
< -----------------------------------------------------------+
Information on Printers matching these characteristics
+----------------------------------------------------------- >
Where can I find a driver & software to install it?
< -----------------------------------------------------------+
URIs for drivers and install software
+----------------------------------------------------------- >
Here is a Print Job
- Job attributes
- Print data
< -----------------------------------------------------------+
Response
+----------------------------------------------------------- >
Get status and/or capabilities of Printer
< -----------------------------------------------------------+
Status/Capabilities
+----------------------------------------------------------- >
Use the following method to notify me of Printer events
.
.
.
< -----------------------------------------------------------+
Asynchronous notification of Printer event
+----------------------------------------------------------- >
Cancel the named job as indicated
< -----------------------------------------------------------+
Response (did it or not)
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
Tell me where to find print drivers for you
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Driver install file is at
http://www.ibm.com/drivers/NP12a/Win95
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Print job accepted and spooled
- job id = #12345
- submission time = 02/12/97, 15:35
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
- here is the document to print
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
- OK
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
- here is the document to print, it is the last document.
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
- OK
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Print job accepted
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Payment transaction
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Mutual authentication and exchange of secret keys
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Payment transaction
.
.
.
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Asynchronous response (email in this case)
- decryption failed on job #12345
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Authentication
Client IPP Printer
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
Here is a print job
- job name = MyJob
- notify me by email when done printing
- print on iso-a4-white paper
- print on both sides of the paper
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Print data accepted and printing started
- job id = #12345
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
- What is the status of print job #12345?
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
- Cancel job #12345
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
Here is the last part of the document to print
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Print job received
- current job state = printing
- submission time = 02/12/97, 15:35
- printer state = printing
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
Here is a print job
.
.
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
Here it is
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Data received
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Print job accepted and spooled
- job id = #12345
- submission time = 02/12/97, 15:35
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
- here is the document to print
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
- OK
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
- here is the URI to print, it is the last document.
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
- OK
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Get the external resource
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
Here it is
Client IPP Printer
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
I'm going to submit a Postscript job
give me your job submission attributes
Client IPP Printer
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
Please tell me the
- resolution of the printer
- the marking technology of the printer
- PDLs supported
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Printer resolution = 600 dpi
Marking Technology = laser
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
What is the state of the printer?
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Printer state = out-of-paper
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
Please tell me the status of job #12345
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Job #12345 is queued
it is number 3 in the queue
printer state = printing
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
Please tell me the status of my jobs
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Job #00012 is complete
Printed at 12:35 on 01/23/97
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Print job #123 completed
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Print job #123 failed
- total pages printed = 15
- number of pages submitted = 25
- printer-state = jammed
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Authentication.
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
Cancel job #1234
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Job #1234 Canceled
Client IPP Printer
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
Here is a print job
- job-name = memo-to-boss
- notify me by email when job is complete
- print on us-letter-white paper
- print 1 copy
- print at normal quality
- print on 1 side
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
Here is the print data
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Print data received, file is spooled
- printer state = printing
- time submitted = 2/12/97, 15:35
- current job state = spooled
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
Give me the state of job #1234
and the state of the Printer
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Job #1234 state = spooled
- it is number 3 in the queue
- printer state = printing
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Job #1234 completed
12 of 12 pages printed
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Printer "Public-A"
- http://www.lexmark.com/pubprinter/a
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
Where can I find a driver for you?
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Drivers at http://www.lexmark.com/pubprinters/a/os245
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
I'm going to submit a print job
give me your job submission attributes
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
Here is the print data
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Print data received, and spooling started
print job id = #1234
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
Give me the state of job #1234
and the state of the Printer
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Job #1234 state = spooled
* The job completes without error
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Job #1234 completed
12 of 12 pages printed
Client SirZippy Directory Service
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
I need a driver for "Color-A"
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Driver installer is at http://www.xerox.com/prtdrvrs
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Mutual authentication and exchange of secret keys
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
I'm going to submit a print job
give me your job submission attributes
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
Here is a print job
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
Here is the print data
< ---------------------------------------------------------+
Print data received, and spooling started
print job id = #1234
+---------------------------------------------------------- >
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Payment transaction
< ----------------------------------------------------------+
Job is scheduled to print, pick up after 9:00am tomorrow
Thank you for using SirZippy
The following figure shows the set of documents that fit within the
SNMP Architecture.
+------------------------- Document Set ----------------------------+
| |
| +----------+ +-----------------+ +----------------+ |
| | Document | | Applicability * | | Coexistence | |
| | Roadmap | | Statement | | & Transition | |
| +----------+ +-----------------+ +----------------+ |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Message Handling | |
| | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | |
| | | Transport | | Message | | Security | | |
| | | Mappings | | Processing and | | | | |
| | | | | Dispatcher | | | | |
| | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | PDU Handling | |
| | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | |
| | | Protocol | | Applications | | Access | | |
| | | Operations | | | | Control | | |
| | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Information Model | |
| | +--------------+ +--------------+ +---------------+ | |
| | | Structure of | | Textual | | Conformance | | |
| | | Management | | Conventions | | Statements | | |
| | | Information | | | | | | |
| | +--------------+ +--------------+ +---------------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | MIB Modules written in various formats, e.g.: | |
| | +-------------+ +-------------+ +----------+ +----------+ | |
| | | Standard v1 | | Standard v1 | | Historic | | Draft v2 | | |
| | | RFC 1157 | | RFC 1212 | | RFC 14xx | | RFC 19xx | | |
| | | format | | format | | format | | format | | |
| | +-------------+ +-------------+ +----------+ +----------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| SNMP entity |
| |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | SNMP engine (identified by snmpEngineID) | |
| | | |
| | +------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Dispatcher | | Message | | Security | | Access | | |
| | | | | Processing | | Subsystem | | Control | | |
| | | | | Subsystem | | | | Subsystem | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | +------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Application(s) | |
| | | |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | Command | | Notification | | Proxy | | |
| | | Generator | | Receiver | | Forwarder | | |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | Command | | Notification | | Other | | |
| | | Responder | | Originator | | | | |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Message Processing Subsystem |
| |
| +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ |
| | * | | * | | * | | * | |
| | SNMPv3 | | SNMPv1 | | SNMPv2c | | Other | |
| | Message | | Message | | Message | | Message | |
| | Processing | | Processing | | Processing | | Processing | |
| | Model | | Model | | Model | | Model | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Security Subsystem |
| |
| +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-------------------+ |
| | * | | * | | * | |
| | User-Based | | Other | | Other | |
| | Security | | Security | | Security | |
| | Model | | Model | | Model | |
| | | | | | | |
| +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-------------------+ |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Access Control Subsystem |
| |
| +---------------+ +-----------------+ +------------------+ |
| | * | | * | | * | |
| | View-Based | | Other | | Other | |
| | Access | | Access | | Access | |
| | Control | | Control | | Control | |
| | Model | | Model | | Model | |
| | | | | | | |
| +---------------+ +-----------------+ +------------------+ |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
(traditional SNMP manager)
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +--------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ SNMP entity |
| | NOTIFICATION | | NOTIFICATION | | COMMAND | |
| | ORIGINATOR | | RECEIVER | | GENERATOR | |
| | applications | | applications | | applications | |
| +--------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ |
| ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | |
| v v v |
| +-------+--------+-----------------+ |
| ^ |
| | +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| | | Message Processing | | Security | |
| Dispatcher v | Subsystem | | Subsystem | |
| +-------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| | PDU Dispatcher | | +->| v1MP * |<--->| +------------+ | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Other | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | | | +->| v2cMP * |<--->| | Model | | |
| | Message | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | Dispatcher <--------->+ | | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | | | +->| v3MP * |<--->| | User-based | | |
| | Transport | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | Mapping | | | +------------+ | | | Model | | |
| | (e.g RFC1906) | | +->| otherMP * |<--->| +------------+ | |
| +-------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| ^ +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| | |
| v |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-----+ +-----+ +-------+
| UDP | | IPX | . . . | other |
+-----+ +-----+ +-------+
^ ^ ^
| | |
v v v
+------------------------------+
| Network |
+------------------------------+
An SNMP entity containing one or more command responder and/or
notification originator applications (along with their associated
SNMP engine) has traditionally been called an SNMP agent.
+------------------------------+
| Network |
+------------------------------+
^ ^ ^
| | |
v v v
+-----+ +-----+ +-------+
| UDP | | IPX | . . . | other |
+-----+ +-----+ +-------+ (traditional SNMP agent)
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ^ |
| | +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| | | Message Processing | | Security | |
| Dispatcher v | Subsystem | | Subsystem | |
| +-------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| | Transport | | +->| v1MP * |<--->| +------------+ | |
| | Mapping | | | +------------+ | | | Other | | |
| | (e.g. RFC1906) | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | | | +->| v2cMP * |<--->| | Model | | |
| | Message | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | Dispatcher <--------->| +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | | | +->| v3MP * |<--->| | User-based | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | PDU Dispatcher | | | +------------+ | | | Model | | |
| +-------------------+ | +->| otherMP * |<--->| +------------+ | |
| ^ | +------------+ | | | |
| | +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| v |
| +-------+-------------------------+---------------+ |
| ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | |
| v v v |
| +-------------+ +---------+ +--------------+ +-------------+ |
| | COMMAND | | ACCESS | | NOTIFICATION | | PROXY * | |
| | RESPONDER |<->| CONTROL |<->| ORIGINATOR | | FORWARDER | |
| | application | | | | applications | | application | |
| +-------------+ +---------+ +--------------+ +-------------+ |
| ^ ^ |
| | | |
| v v |
| +----------------------------------------------+ |
| | MIB instrumentation | SNMP entity |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
principal
^
|
|
+----------------------------|-------------+
| SNMP engine v |
| +--------------+ |
| | | |
| +-----------------| securityName |---+ |
| | Security Model | | | |
| | +--------------+ | |
| | ^ | |
| | | | |
| | v | |
| | +------------------------------+ | |
| | | | | |
| | | Model | | |
| | | Dependent | | |
| | | Security ID | | |
| | | | | |
| | +------------------------------+ | |
| | ^ | |
| | | | |
| +-------------------------|----------+ |
| | |
| | |
+----------------------------|-------------+
|
v
network
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| SNMP entity (identified by snmpEngineID, example: abcd) |
| |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | SNMP engine (identified by snmpEngineID) | |
| | | |
| | +-------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Dispatcher | | Message | | Security | | Access | | |
| | | | | Processing | | Subsystem | | Control | | |
| | | | | Subsystem | | | | Subsystem | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | +-------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Command Responder Application | |
| | (contextEngineID, example: abcd) | |
| | | |
| | example contextNames: | |
| | | |
| | "bridge1" "bridge2" "" (default) | |
| | --------- --------- ------------ | |
| | | | | | |
| +------|------------------|-------------------|--------------+ |
| | | | |
| +------|------------------|-------------------|--------------+ |
| | MIB | instrumentation | | | |
| | +---v------------+ +---v------------+ +----v-----------+ | |
| | | context | | context | | context | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | bridge MIB | | | | bridge MIB | | | | some MIB | | | |
| | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | | | | | other MIB | | | |
| | | | | | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
Command Dispatcher Message Security
Generator | Processing Model
| | Model |
| sendPdu | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | prepareOutgoingMessage | |
: |----------------------->| |
: | | generateRequestMsg |
: | |-------------------->|
: | | |
: | |<--------------------|
: | | |
: |<-----------------------| |
: | | |
: |------------------+ | |
: | Send SNMP | | |
: | Request Message | | |
: | to Network | | |
: | v | |
: : : : :
: : : : :
: : : : :
: | | | |
: | Receive SNMP | | |
: | Response Message | | |
: | from Network | | |
: |<-----------------+ | |
: | | |
: | prepareDataElements | |
: |----------------------->| |
: | | processIncomingMsg |
: | |-------------------->|
: | | |
: | |<--------------------|
: | | |
: |<-----------------------| |
| processResponsePdu | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| | | |
Command Dispatcher Message Security
Responder | Processing Model
| | Model |
| | | |
| registerContextEngineID | | |
|------------------------>| | |
|<------------------------| | | |
| | Receive SNMP | | |
: | Message | | |
: | from Network | | |
: |<-------------+ | |
: | | |
: |prepareDataElements | |
: |------------------->| |
: | | processIncomingMsg |
: | |------------------->|
: | | |
: | |<-------------------|
: | | |
: |<-------------------| |
| processPdu | | |
|<------------------------| | |
| | | |
: : : :
: : : :
| returnResponsePdu | | |
|------------------------>| | |
: | prepareResponseMsg | |
: |------------------->| |
: | |generateResponseMsg |
: | |------------------->|
: | | |
: | |<-------------------|
: | | |
: |<-------------------| |
: | | |
: |--------------+ | |
: | Send SNMP | | |
: | Message | | |
: | to Network | | |
: | v | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| SNMP Entity |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Applications | |
| | +-----------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | Command | | Notification | | |
| | | Generator | | Originator | +-----------+ +--------------+| |
| | +-----------+ +--------------+ | Proxy | | Other | |
| | +-----------+ +--------------+ | Forwarder | |Application(s)|| |
| | | Command | | Notification | +-----------+ +--------------+| |
| | | Responder | | Receiver | | |
| | +-----------+ +--------------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| ^ ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | | |
| v v v v |
| +--------+-------+---------------+-----------+ |
| ^ |
| | +---------------------+ +-----------------+ |
| | | Message Processing | | Security | |
| Dispatcher v | Subsystem | | Subsystem | |
| +------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| | PDU Dispatcher | | +->| v1MP * |<--->| +-------------+ | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Other | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | | | +->| v2cMP * |<--->| | Model | | |
| | Message | | | +------------+ | | +-------------+ | |
| | Dispatcher <-------->+ | | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | +-------------+ | |
| | | | +->| v3MP * |<--->| | User-based | | |
| | Transport | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | Mapping | | | +------------+ | | | Model | | |
| | (e.g RFC 1906) | | +->| otherMP * |<--->| +-------------+ | |
| +------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| ^ +---------------------+ +-----------------+ |
| | |
+----------|--------------------------------------------------------+
v
+------------------+
| Network |
+------------------+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| +-> securityModel -+ |
| | (a) | |
| who -+ +-> groupName ----+ |
| (1) | | (x) | |
| +-> securityName --+ | |
| (b) | |
| | |
| where -> contextName ---------------------+ |
| (2) (e) | |
| | |
| | |
| +-> securityModel -------------------+ |
| | (a) | |
| how -+ +-> viewName -+ |
| (3) | | (y) | |
| +-> securityLevel -------------------+ | |
| (c) | +-> yes/no |
| | | decision |
| why ---> viewType (read/write/notify) ----+ | (z) |
| (4) (d) | |
| | |
| what --> object-type ------+ | |
| (5) (m) | | |
| +-> variableName (OID) ------+ |
| | (f) |
| which -> object-instance --+ |
| (6) (n) |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
STATE
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------
| A | B | C | D
| |status col.|status column|
|status column | is | is |status column
ACTION |does not exist| notReady | notInService| is active
--------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------
set status |noError ->D|inconsist- |inconsistent-|inconsistent-
column to | or | entValue| Value| Value
createAndGo |inconsistent- | | |
| Value| | |
--------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------
set status |noError see 1|inconsist- |inconsistent-|inconsistent-
column to | or | entValue| Value| Value
createAndWait |wrongValue | | |
--------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------
set status |inconsistent- |inconsist- |noError |noError
column to | Value| entValue| |
active | | | |
| | or | |
| | | |
| |see 2 ->D|see 8 ->D| ->D
--------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------
set status |inconsistent- |inconsist- |noError |noError ->C
column to | Value| entValue| |
notInService | | | |
| | or | | or
| | | |
| |see 3 ->C| ->C|see 6
--------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------
set status |noError |noError |noError |noError ->A
column to | | | | or
destroy | ->A| ->A| ->A|see 7
--------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------
set any other |see 4 |noError |noError |see 5
column to some| | | |
value | | see 1| ->C| ->D
--------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------
+---+
| C | +------------+
| e | <-------------------->| End entity |
| r | Operational +------------+
| t | transactions ^
| | and management | Management
| / | transactions | transactions
| | | PKI users
| C | v
| R | -------------------+--+-----------+-----------------
| L | ^ ^
| | | | PKI management
| | v | entities
| R | +------+ |
| e | <---------------------| RA | <---+ |
| p | Publish certificate +------+ | |
| o | | |
| s | | |
| I | v v
| t | +------------+
| o | <------------------------------| CA |
| r | Publish certificate +------------+
| y | Publish CRL ^
| | |
+---+ Management |
transactions |
v
+------+
| CA |
+------+
channels description channel
1 2 3 4 5 6
___________________________________________________________
2 stereo l r
3 l r c
4 quadrophonic Fl Fr Rl Rr
4 l c r S
5 Fl Fr Fc Sl Sr
6 l lc c r rc S
10 bits 54 bits 64 bits
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
|1111111010| (zeros) |Frame Relay Interface Ident.|
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
runtime 1
+--------------+ SMX +---------+
| |<-------------->| O O O |<-+
SNMP | Script MIB | +---------+ |
<---------->| | |
| SNMP Agent | runtime 2 |
| | SMX +---------+ |
| |<-------------->| O | |
+--------------+ +---------+ |
^ ^ |
| +---------+ | |
| | script |----------+ |
+------>| storage |------------------+
+---------+
-------------
|+---------+|
|| User || --------
||Interface|<--->| User |
|+----|----+| --------
---------- | | |
|+------+| control connection |+----|----+|
||Server|<------------------->|| Client ||
|| PI || Commands/Replies || PI ||
|+--|---+| |+----|----+|
| | | | | |
-------- |+--|---+| Data |+----|----+| --------
| File |<--->|Server|<------------------->|| Client |<--->| File |
|System| || DTP || Connection || DTP || |System|
-------- |+------+| |+---------+| --------
---------- -------------
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4
+----------+----------+----------+----------+
Low Drop Prec | 001010 | 010010 | 011010 | 100010 |
Medium Drop Prec | 001100 | 010100 | 011100 | 100100 |
High Drop Prec | 001110 | 010110 | 011110 | 100110 |
+----------+----------+----------+----------+
+----------------+
| |
| Directory | Directory Protocol
| Server X-------->
| |
| |
+----------------+
+----------------+
| |
DSP <----------X X--------> DAP
| Directory |
Other | Server |
Protocol <----------X X--------> LDAP
| |
+----------------+
(request) (request) (request)
NAS ----------> Proxy1 ----------> Proxy2 ----------> Home
(reply) (reply) (reply) Server
<--------- <--------- <---------
(request) (request)
NAS ----------> Proxy1 ----------> Proxy2 Home
(reply) (reply) Server
<--------- <---------
(Access-Req) (Access-Req) (Access-Req)
NAS ----------> Proxy1 ----------> Proxy2 ----------> Home
(Access-Reject) (Access-Accept) (Access-Accept) Server
<--------- <--------- <---------
(AcctPxStop) (AcctPxStop)
----------> ---------->
--------> --------> --------->
NAS Proxy1 Proxy2 Home (add class)
<-class-- <-class- <-class--
(Accounting-req) (Accounting-req) (Accounting-req)
w/class w/class w/class
NAS ----------> Proxy1 ----------> Proxy2 ----------> Home
(Accounting-reply) (Accounting-reply)(Accounting-reply) Server
<--------- <--------- <---------
+------------+ ----Multicast SrvRqst----> +---------------+
| User Agent | | Service Agent |
+------------+ <----Unicast SrvRply------ +---------------+
+-------+ -Unicast SrvRqst-> +-----------+ <-Unicast SrvReg- +--------+
| User | | Directory | |Service |
| Agent | | Agent | | Agent |
+-------+ <-Unicast SrvRply- +-----------+ -Unicast SrvAck-> +--------+
+---------------+ --Multicast SrvRqst-> +-----------+
| User or | <--Unicast DAAdvert-- | Directory |
| Service Agent | | Agent |
+---------------+ <-Multicast DAAdvert- +-----------+
+---------+ Multicast +-----------+ Unicast +-----------+
| Service | <--SrvRqst-- | User | --SrvRqst-> | Directory |
| Agent | | Agent | | Agent |
| Scope=X | Unicast | Scope=X,Y | Unicast | Scope=Y |
+---------+ --SrvRply--> +-----------+ <-SrvRply-- +-----------+
Unscrambled Data
|
v
+-------------------------------------+ +---+
+->| --> 43 bit shift register --> |--->|xor|
| +-------------------------------------+ +---+
| |
+-----------------------------------------------+
|
v
Scrambled Data
Scrambled Data
|
+-----------------------------------------------+
| |
| v
| +-------------------------------------+ +---+
+->| --> 43 bit shift register --> |--->|xor|
+-------------------------------------+ +---+
|
v
Unscrambled Data
request chain ------------------------>
UA -------------------v------------------- O
<----------------------- response chain
request chain -------------------------------------->
UA -----v----- A -----v----- B -----v----- C -----v----- O
<------------------------------------- response chain
request chain ---------->
UA -----v----- A -----v----- B - - - - - - C - - - - - - O
<--------- response chain
---------------------- ----------------------
| 7.7.7.1 |-------| |-------| 7.7.7.2 |
| | ======== | |
| AS1 | EX1 |-------| 7.7.7.3 AS2 |
| | | |
| 9.9.9.1 |------ ------| 9.9.9.2 |
---------------------- | | ----------------------
===========
| EX2
---------------------- |
| 9.9.9.3 |---------
| |
| AS3 |
----------------------
+------+--------+-----------+----//-------+------+------+
| SOF |Frame |Optional | Frame | CRC | EOF |
| (4B) |Header |Header | Payload | (4B) | (4B) |
| |(24B) |<----------------------->| | |
| | | Data Field = (0-2112B) | | |
+------+--------+-----------+----//-------+------+------+
Fig. 1 FC Frame Format
First Frame of a Logical FC Sequence
---+------------+---------------------------+----------//----------+---
| FC Header | FC Network_Header | FC Sequence Payload |
---+------------+---------------------------+---------//-----------+---
Subsequent Frames of a Logical FC Sequence
--+-----------+--------------//----------------+--
| FC Header | Additional FC Sequence Payload |
--+-----------+-------------//-----------------+--
+-----------------+-----------+------------+-------------//----------+
| LLC/SNAP Header | IP Header | Opt.IP Hdr.| IP Data |
| (8 bytes) | (20 bytes)| (40 bytes | (65280 -IP Header |
| | | Max) | - Opt. IP Hdr.) bytes |
+-----------------+-----------+------------+-------------//----------+
+-----------------+-------------------+
| LLC/SNAP Header | ARP Packet |
| (8 bytes) | (28 bytes) |
+-----------------+-------------------+
+----------+----------+----------+
| DSAP | SSAP | CTRL |
| (1 byte) | (1 byte) | (1 byte) |
+----------+----------+----------+
Fig. 6 LLC Format
+------+------+-------+------+------+
| OUI | PID |
| ( 3 bytes) | (2 bytes) |
+------+------+-------+------+------+
Fig. 7 SNAP Format
+-----------+----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| DSAP | SSAP | CTRL | OUI | PID |
| (1 byte) | (1 byte) | (1 byte) | ( 3 bytes) | (2 bytes |
+-----------+----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Feature | Support | Notes |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Class of service for ELS commands / responses | Class | |
| | 1,2 or 3 | 1 |
| Explicit N-Port Login | REQUIRED | |
| Explicit F-Port Login | REQUIRED | |
| FLOGI ELS command | REQUIRED | |
| PLOGI ELS command | REQUIRED | |
| ADISC ELS command | REQUIRED | |
| PDISC ELS command | OPTIONAL | 2 |
| FAN ELS command | REQUIRED | 5 |
| LOGO ELS command | REQUIRED | |
| FARP-REQ/FARP-REPLY ELS commands | REQUIRED | 3 |
| Other ELS command support | OPTIONAL | 4 |
+-----------------------------------------------+------------+-------+
2000 found at line 1841:
1839: | the same connection network. |
1839(continued): |
1840: +--------------------------------------------------------+------
1840(continued): -------+
1841: | Link failure | X'800
1841(continued): 20000' |
1842: +--------------------------------------------------------+------
1842(continued): -------+
1843: | Route selection services has determined that no path | X'801
1843(continued): 40001' |
--------------------------
| |
| S E R V E R |
| |
--------------------------
| | |
| | . . . . |
- - -
|1| |2| |n|
- - -
net key Key O
-------------------------------------
intermediate | |
keys | |
Key M Key N
----------------- --------------------
| | | |
| | | |
Key I Key J Key K Key L
-------- -------- --------- ----------
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Key A Key B Key C Key D Key E Key F Key G Key H
--- --- --- --- --- ---- ---- ----
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
- - - - - - - - - -- -- -- -- -- -- --
|1| |2| |3| |4| |5| |6| |7| |8| |9| |10| |11| |12| |13| |14| |15| |16|
- - - - - - - - - -- -- -- -- -- -- --
users
Cryptoplugin initialization
/ by the operating system
|
|
+------------------+ +-|-+-------------+
| | | | |
| Cryptoplugin's | -------> | |
| | | Cryptoplugin |
| client | <------- | |
| | | | |
+------------------+ | +---+-------------+
|
\
\ System-dependent CPI
+---------------+-------------------------------+
| | |
| --> Submodule of |
| Submodule - | |
| | encrypting algorithms (1) |
| wrapper (2) | |
| <-- (cryptolibrary) |
| | |
+---------------+-------------------------------+
|
\
\ Cryptographic Program Interface
Receive Start Control Connection Request
Version Not OK/Send Start Control Connection
Reply with Error
+--------+
| | Receive Control Connection Request Version OK
| | /Send Start Control Connection Reply
| | +----------------------------------------+
^ V ^ V
+-----------------+ Receive Start Ctl +-----------------+
| Idle | Connection Request | Established |
+-----------------+ /Send Stop Reply +-----------------+
^ ^ Close TCP V V Local Terminate
| +-------------------------------------+ | /Send Stop
| | Control Conn.
| V Request
| +-----------------+
+-------------------------------------| Wait-Stop-Reply |
Receive Stop Control +-----------------+
Connection Reply
/Close TCP
Ring/Send Incoming Call Request +-----------------+
+----------------------------------------->| wait_reply |
| +-----------------+
| Receive Incoming Call Reply V V V
| Not Accepting | | | Receive Incoming
| +--------------------------------+ | | Call Reply Accept-
| | +------------------------------+ | ing/Answer call;
| | | Abort/Send Call | Send Call
^ V V Disconnect Notify V Connected
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
| idle |<-----------------------------| established |
+-----------------+ Receive Clear Call Request +-----------------+
or telco call dropped
or local disconnect
/Send Call Disconnect Notify
Receive Incoming Call Request
/Send Incoming Call Reply +-----------------+
Not Accepting if Error | Wait-Connect |
+-----+ +-----------------+
| | Receive Incoming Call Req. ^ V V
| | /Send Incoming Call Reply OK | | | Receive Incoming
| | +--------------------------------+ | | Call Connect
^ V ^ V------------------------------+ V
+-----------------+ Receive Call Disconnect +-----------------+
| Idle | Notify +- | Established |
+-----------------+ | +-----------------+
^ ^ | V Local Terminate
| +----------------------------+ | /Send Call Clear
| Receive Call Disconnect | Request
| Notify V
| +-----------------+
+--------------------------------------| Wait-Disconnect |
Receive Call Disconnect +-----------------+
Notify
Receive Outgoing Call Request in Error
/Send Outgoing Call Reply with Error
|--------+
| | Receive Outgoing Call Request No Error
| | /Off Hook; Dial
| | +-----------------------------------------
^ V ^ V
+-----------------+ Incomplete Call +-----------------+
| idle | /Send Outgoing Call | wait_cs_ans |
+-----------------+ Reply with Error +-----------------+
^ ^ or Recv. Call Clear Req. V V Telco Answer
| | /Send Disconnect Notify| | /Send Outgoing
| +-------------------------------------+ | Call Reply.
| V
| +-----------------+
+-------------------------------------| established |
Receive Call Clear Request +-----------------+
or local terminate
or telco disconnect
/Hangup call and send
Call Disconnect Notify
Packet in
|
V
+---------+
Packet in | Unknown |
| +---------+
G-A V |
Timer +----------+ no V
exp | Going to |<------[KA msg?] Packet in
<------| Access | | |
| +----------+ yes | V
V | V yes +---------+
+--------+ V [1-way?]------+-->| Standby |
| Access | [KA msg?] | ^ +---------+
+--------+ | | no | |
| V no | V
yes | [compatible?]----+ [KA msg?]
| | |
| | yes | yes
| V V
V +---------+ [1-way?]
+--------->| Network |<--+ |
+---------+ ^ | no
| | yes V
lost last | +<----[compatible?]
neighbor |
V
[network]
[ only? ]
|
+--------------+ yes | no +---------+
| Network Only |<-----------+----------->| Unknown |
+--------------+ +---------+
+--------+ +--------+
| Switch | | Switch |
| S1 | | S2 |
+--------+ +--------+
Down Down
Hello (DS=0, seen=0)
------------------------------------->
Init
Hello (DS=S2, seen=...,S1)
<-------------------------------------
ExStart
DB Description (Seq=x, I, M, Master)
------------------------------------->
ExStart
DB Description (Seq=y, I, M, Master)
<-------------------------------------
xchange
DB Description (Seq=y, M, Slave)
------------------------------------->
Exchange
DB Description (Seq=y+1, M, Master)
<-------------------------------------
DB Description (Seq=y+1, M, Slave)
------------------------------------->
.
.
.
DB Description (Seq=y+n, Master)
<-------------------------------------
DB Description (Seq=y+n, Slave)
------------------------------------->
Loading Full
Link State Request
<-------------------------------------
Link State Update
------------------------------------->
.
.
.
Link State Request
<-------------------------------------
Link State Update
------------------------------------->
Full
+------------------------------------------------------+
| +-----+ |
| +------------+ | I | |
| | CALL TAP <--(8)--> N | |
| +------------+ | T | |
| | E | |
| +-----------+ +------------+ | R | |
| | PATH | | TOPOLOGY | | S | |
| | | | | | W | |
| | Lnk state <------> Lnk state <--(3)--> I | | Flood path
| | | | | | T <----(5,7,8)-->
| | Span tree <------> Span tree <--(4)--> C | |
| +--^--------+ | | | H | |
| | | Discovery <--(2)--> | |
| | +------------+ | M | |
| | | E | |
| +------^--+ +--------+ | S | |
| | CONNECT >---------+--> FILTER | | S | |
| +--^------+ | +--------+ | A | | specific
| | | | G | | netwrk lnks
| | +--------^-+ +-------+ | E <----(2,3,4)-->
| +-------< POLICY | | FLOOD >--(7)--> | |
| +------^---+ +-^-----+ | P | |
| | | | R | |
| +-----------+ +-^-----------V-+ | O | |
| | DIRECTORY <----> RESOLVE <------(5)--> T | |
| +-----^-----+ +---^-----------+ | O | |
| | | | C | |
| | +---------^-----------+ | O | |
| +----< Base Services | | L | |
| +-----^---------------+ +-----+ |
+------------------|-----------------------------------+
Switch CPU |
| Host control port
+-----O----------------+
| ^ no cnx |
Layer 2 | | |
---------->O-----+--------------->O----------->
SA/DA pr | known cnx |
+----------------------+
Switch hardware
| Directory Resolve |
| ^ ^ |
| | | |
| | +---------^-----------+ |
| +----< Base Services | |
| +-----^---------------+ |
+-------------------|--------------------------+
Switch CPU |
| Host control port
+-----O----------------+
| ^ no cnx |
Layer 2 | | |
---------->O-----+--------------->O----------->
SA/DA pr | known cnx |
+----------------------+
Switch hardware
+--------------------+ +--------------------+
| 7.7.7.1 |-----+ +-----| 7.7.7.2 |
| | | | | |
| AS1 | ======== | AS2 |
| | IX | | |
| | +-----| 7.7.7.3 |
+--------------------+ +--------------------+
base level index index
directory servers servers
servers for for
base level lower-level
servers index servers
_______
| |
| A |__
|_______| \ _______
\---CIP----| |
_______ | D |__
| | /---CIP----|_______| \ ------
| B |__/ \--CIP------| |
|_______| | F |
/--CIP------|______|
/
_______ _______ /
| | | |-
| C |-------CIP----| E |
|_______| |_______|-
| \
r \
_______ e \ ______
| | f \--CIP-----| |
| G |-------CIP---------e------------------| H |
|_______| r |______|
\--referral---| r --referral-/
4. Registrant's postal address ______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
c) ATTRIBUTE Description ____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
e) Data Type and ecoding for this VALUE _____________________
_____________________
_____________________
f) If a specific language and character set are expected, list
them here ___________________________________________________
[Home LAN]
[LAC Client]----------+ |
____|_____ +--[Host]
| | |
[LAC]---------| Internet |-----[LNS]-----+
| |__________| |
_____|_____ :
| |
| PSTN |
[Remote]--| Cloud |
[System] | | [Home LAN]
|___________| |
| ______________ +---[Host]
| | | |
[LAC]-------| Frame Relay |---[LNS]-----+
| or ATM Cloud | |
|______________| :
+-----+ +-----+
| |~~~~~~~~~~L2TP Tunnel~~~~~~~~~~| |
| LAC | | LNS |
| #######Control Connection######## |
[Remote] | | | |
[System]------Call----------*============L2TP Session=============* |
PPP +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ |
| | | |
[Remote] | | | |
[System]------Call----------*============L2TP Session=============* |
PPP +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ |
| | | |
| |~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~| |
+-----+ +-----+
______ ______
| |____________________| |
| ATUC | | ATUR |
| |____________________| |
|______| |______|
______ (ifEntry=j) ______
| | fast channel | |
| |________________________| |
| | and/or | |
| | | |
| | (ifEntry=k) | |
| | interleaved channel | |
| |________________________| |
| ATUC | | ATUR |
| | | |
| | (ifEntry=i) | |
| | physical | |
| |________________________| |
|______| |______|
Table Phys Fast Interleaved
___________________________________________________________
No Channels (1) | Y | | |
Fast Only (2) | Y | Y | |
Interleaved Only (3) | Y | | Y |
Fast or Interleaved (4) | Y | Y | Y |
Fast and Interleaved (5) | Y | Y | Y |
Table Phys Fast Interleaved
___________________________________________________________
adslLineTable | Y | | |
adslAtucPhysTable | Y | | |
adslAturPhysTable | Y | | |
adslAtucChanTable | | Y | Y |
adslAturChanTable | | Y | Y |
adslAtucPerfDataTable | Y | | |
adslAturPerfDataTable | Y | | |
adslAtucIntervalTable | Y | | |
adslAturIntervalTable | Y | | |
adslAtucChanPerfDataTable | | Y | Y |
adslAturChanPerfDataTable | | Y | Y |
adslAtucChanIntervalTable | | Y | Y |
adslAturChanIntervalTable | | Y | Y |
Table Objects
_______________________________________________________
adslLineTable adslLineCoding
adslAtucPhysTable adslAtucInvVendorID
adslAtucInvVersionNumber
adslAtucCurrStatus (Partial)
adslAtucCurrOutputPwr
adslAtucCurrAttainableRate
adslAturPhysTable all are supported
adslAtucChanTable all except
adslAtucChanCrcBlockLength
are supported
adslAtucPerfDataTable all except
adslAtucPerfLols,
adslAtucPerfLprs
adslAtucPerfCurr15MinLols,
adslAtucPerfCurr15MinLprs,
adslAtucPerfCurr1DayLols,
adslAtucPerfCurr1DayLprs,
adslAtucPerfPrev1DayLols and
adslAtucPerfPrev1DayLprs
are supported
adslAturPerfDataTable all are supported
adslAtucIntervalTable adslAtucIntervalLofs
adslAtucIntervalLoss
adslAtucIntervalESs
adslAtucIntervalInits
adslAtucIntervalValidData
adslAturIntervalTable all are supported
adslAtucChanPerfDataTable all are supported
adslAturChanPerfDataTable all are supported
adslAtucChanIntervalTable all are supported
adslAturChanIntervalTable all are supported
adslLineConfProfileTable not supported
adslLineAlarmConfProfileTable all are supported except
adslAtucThresh15MinLols
and adslAtucThresh15MinLprs
--------------------------------------------------------------------
ADSL ifIndex ifTable Configuration Line
Profile Table
__________________________________________________________________
1 i1 ADSL Line -- ---> Platinum Profile
j1 Fast Chan | |
k1 Int Chan | |
| ^
v | Gold Profile
x ix ADSL Line ------>------> Silver Profile
jx Fast Chan --------------->
kx Int Chan
__________________________________________________________________
ADSL ifIndex ifTable Configuration Line
Profile Table
__________________________________________________________________
x ix ADSL Line ------------> Profile
jx Fast Chan
kx Int Chan
__________________________________________________________________
\ | / . /
+---------------+ WAN . +-----------------+/
|Regional Router|----------------------|Stub Router w/NAT|---
+---------------+ . +-----------------+\
. | \
. | LAN
. ---------------
Stub border
________________
( )
( External ) +--+
( Address Realm )-- |__|
( (N-Ext) ) /____\
(________________) Host-X
| (Addr-X)
|(Addr-Nx)
+--------------+
| |
| NAT router |
| |
+--------------+
|(Addr-Np)
|
----------------
( )
+--+ ( Private )
|__|------( Address Realm )
/____\ ( (N-pri) )
Host-A (________________)
(Addr-A)
<Outer IP header, with
src=Addr-X, Dest=Addr-k>,
embedding
<End-to-end packet, with
src=Addr-X, Dest=Addr-k>
<---------------------------------
<Outer IP header, with
src=Addr-X, Dest=Addr-A>,
embedding <End-to-end packet,
with src=Addr-X, Dest=Addr-k>
<--------------------------------------
<End-to-end packet, with
src=Addr-k, Dest=Addr-X>
------------------------------->
<End-to-end packet, with
src=Addr-X, Dest=Addr-k>
<--------------------------------
<Outer TCP/UDP packet with
src=Addr-X, Dest=Addr-Nx,
Dest Port=T-Nxa>,
embedding
<End-to-end packet, with
src=Addr-X, Dest=Addr-Nx,
Dest Port=T-Nx>
<----------------------------------
<Outer TCP/UDP packet, with
src=Addr-X, Dest=Addr-A,
Dest Port=T-Na>,
embedding
<End-to-end packet, with
src=Addr-X, Dest=Addr-Nx,
Dest Port=T-Nx>
<-----------------------------------
<End-to-end packet, with
src=Addr-X, Dest=Addr-Nx,
Dest Port=T-Nx>
<----------------------------------
<Outer IP header, with
src=Addr-Np, Dest=Addr-A>,
embedding
<End-to-end packet, with
src=Addr-X, Dest=Addr-Nx,
Dest Port=T-Nx>
<----------------------------------
***************
* LLC Filters *
***************
| | |
v | v
************ | ***************
* IP Spoof * | * SNMP Access *
************ | ***************
| | |
v v v
****************
* IP Filter In *
****************
|
v
*****************
* IP Filter Out *
*****************
|
v
***********
* LLC Out *
***********
| <== to network layer
+-------------+--------------+
| RF MAC |
+----+---------+-----------+-+
| | |
+---------+---+ +---+-------+ +-+---------+
| Downstream1 | | Upstream1 | | Upstream2 |
+-------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+
| IfStackHigherLayer | ifStackLowerLayer |
| 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 2 |
| 1 | 3 |
| 1 | 4 |
| 2 | 0 |
| 3 | 0 |
| 4 | 0 |
+-----------------------------------------------+
| * | * | DC | EA | N/P | MC | E | * |
+-----------------------------------------------+
OSPF encoding RFC 1349 TOS values
___________________________________________
0 0000 normal service
2 0001 minimize monetary cost
4 0010 maximize reliability
6 0011
8 0100 maximize throughput
10 0101
12 0110
14 0111
16 1000 minimize delay
18 1001
20 1010
22 1011
24 1100
26 1101
28 1110
30 1111
________________________________________________________________
|_____________________|_________Pre-computation_Period_________|
|Link_state_threshold_|___1_sec____|____5_sec____|____50_sec___|
|_________10%_________|.45%_(1.6%)_|__.29%_(2%)__|__.17%_(3%)__|
|_________80%_________|.16%_(2.4%)_|__.04%_(3%)__|_.02%_(3.8%)_|
________________________________________________________________
|_________10%_________|3.37%_(2.1%)|_2.23%_(3.3%)|_1.78%_(7.7%)|
|_________80%_________|1.54%_(5.4%)|_.42%_(6.6%)_|_.14%_(10.4%)|
_______________________________________
|_Link_state_threshold_|_______________|
|_________10%__________|3112_bytes/sec_|
|_________80%__________|177_bytes/sec__|
isp
________________________________________
|_________10%__________|15438_bytes/sec_|
|_________80%__________|1053_bytes/sec__|
+------+------+------+
| DSAP | SSAP | Ctrl |
+------+------+------+
+------+------+------+------+------+
| OUI | PID |
+------+------+------+------+------+
Payload Format for Routed PDUs
+-------------------------------+
| . |
| Carried PDU |
| (up to 2^16 - 1 octets) |
| . |
| . |
+-------------------------------+
Payload Format for BPDUs
+-------------------------------+
| |
| BPDU as defined by |
| 802.1(d) or 802.1(g) |
| |
+-------------------------------+
\ | /
+-----------------------+
|Service Provider Router|
+-----------------------+
WAN |
Stub A .........|\|....
|
+-----------------+
|Stub Router w/NAT|
+-----------------+
|
| DMZ - Network
------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | |
+--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +----------+
|__| |__| |__| |__| | Firewall |
/____\ /____\ /____\ /____\ +----------+
DMZ-Host1 DMZ-Host2 ... DMZ-Name DMZ-Web |
Server Server etc. |
|
Internal hosts (Private IP network) |
------------------------------------------------------------
| | | |
+--+ +--+ +--+ +--+
|__| |__| |__| |__|
/____\ /____\ /____\ /____\
Int-Host1 Int-Host2 ..... Int-Hostn Int-Name Server
Original-IP
packet
||
||
vv
+---------------------------------+ +-----------------------+
| | |DNS Appl. Level Gateway|
|Network Address Translation (NAT)|--->| (DNS_ALG) |
| *IP & Transport header mods |<---| *DNS payload mods |
| | | |
+---------------------------------+ +-----------------------+
||
||
vv
Translated-IP
packet
.
________________ . External.com
( ) .
( ) . +-------------+
+--+ ( Internet )-.---|Border Router|
|__|------ ( ) . +-------------+
/____\ (________________) . |
Root | . |
DNS Server | . ---------------
+---------------+ . | |
|Provider Router| . +--+ +--+
+---------------+ . |__| |__|
| . /____\ /____\
| . DNS Server Host X
External domain | . 171.68.1.1 171.68.10.1
............................|...............................
Private domain |
| Private.com
|
+--------------------------------------+
|Bi-Directional NAT router with DNS_ALG|
| |
| Private addresses: 172.19/16 |
| External addresses: 131.108.1/24 |
+--------------------------------------+
| |
---------- ----------
| | DNS Server
+--+ +--+ Authoritative
|__| |__| for private.com
/____\ /____\
Host A DNS Server
172.19.1.10 172.19.2.1
(Mapped to 131.108.1.8)
.
________________ . External.com
( ) .
( ) . +-------------+
+--+ ( Internet )-.---|Border Router|
|__|------ ( ) . +-------------+
/____\ (________________) . |
Root | . |
DNS Server | . ---------------
+---------------+ . | |
|Provider Router| . +--+ +--+
+---------------+ . |__| |__|
| . /____\ /____\
| . DNS Server Host X
External domain | . 171.68.1.1 171.68.10.1
............................|...............................
Private domain |
| Private.com
|
+-------------------------------------------+
| Twice-NAT router with DNS_ALG |
| |
| Private addresses: 171.68/16 |
| Assigned External addresses: 131.108.1/24 |
| |
| External addresses: 171.68/16 |
| Assigned Private addresses: 10/8 |
+-------------------------------------------+
| |
---------- ----------
| | DNS Server
+--+ +--+ Authoritative
|__| |__| for private.com
/____\ /____\
Host A DNS Server
171.68.1.10 171.68.2.1
(Mapped to 131.108.1.8)
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| timestamp | timestamp | | |
| seconds | micro seconds | ttl | ttl - 1 |
| 32 bits | 32 bits | 32 bits | 32 bits |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
0 31 63 95 127
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| T | | |
| T1 T2 | W1 | W2 |
| 32 bits | 32 bits | 32 bits | 32 bits |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
0 31 63 95 127
+-------------------------------+
| timestamp | timestamp |
| seconds | micro seconds |
| 32 bits | 32 bits |
+-------------------------------+
0 31 63
+-------------------------------+
| (T1) | (T2) |
| T |
| 64 bits |
+-------------------------------+
0 31 63
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| timestamp | timestamp | | |
| seconds | micro seconds | ttl | ttl - 1 |
| 32 bits | 32 bits | 32 bits | 32 bits |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
0 31 63 95 127
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| T | | |
| T1 T2 | W1 | W2 |
| 32 bits | 32 bits | 32 bits | 32 bits |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
0 31 63 95 127
+-------------------------------+
| timestamp | timestamp |
| seconds | micro seconds |
| 32 bits | 32 bits |
+-------------------------------+
0 31 63
+-------------------------------+
| (T1) | (T2) |
| T |
| 64 bits |
+-------------------------------+
0 31 63
+------------+
| Result |
| V
+-------+ +--------+
| | | |
Packet Stream ===>| Meter |===>| Marker |===> Marked Packet Stream
| | | |
+-------+ +--------+
+------+------+------------+------+----======----+
| type |length| random ID | hash | endpoint ID |
+------+------+------------+------+----======----+
+------+------+--==--+------+------+--==--+------+--==--+
|remote|remote|remote|local |local |local |user | user |
|EPD |EPD |EPD |EPD |EPD |EPD |name | name |
|class |length|data |class |length|data |length| data |
+------+------+--==--+------+------+--==--+------+--==--+
------------------------------------------
| Management Interface |
------------------------------------------
| | |
------------ ------------------ --------------
| MPLS |<->| Constraint-Based | | Conventional |
| | | Routing Process | | IGP Process |
------------ ------------------ --------------
| |
----------------------- --------------
| Resource Attribute | | Link State |
| Availability Database | | Database |
----------------------- --------------
[ Abstract ] [ Abstract ]
[negotiation] [ negotiation ]
[ process ] [ metadata ]
| |
V V
[Negotiation] [ Negotiation ]
[ protocol ] [ metadata ]
[ binding ] [representation]
| |
------- -------
| |
V V
[Application protocol]
[ incorporating ]
[content negotiation ]
___________________________________________________________________
| Functional| Phone | Terminating | H.323 conformant |
| Plane | switch | Entity | systems |
|___________|____________|_________________|_______________________|
| Signaling | Signaling | Call agent | Signaling exchanges |
| Plane | exchanges | | with the call agent |
| | through | | through H.225/RAS and|
| | SS7/ISUP | | H.225/Q.931. |
|___________|____________|_________________|_______________________|
| | | | Possible negotiation |
| | | | of logical channels |
| | | | and transmission |
| | | | parameters through |
| | | | H.245 with the call |
| | | | agent. |
|___________|____________|_________________|_______________________|
| | | Internal | |
| | | synchronization| |
| | | through MGCP | |
|___________|____________|_________________|_______________________|
| Bearer | Connection| Telephony | Transmission of VOIP |
| Data | through | gateways | data using RTP |
| Transport | high speed| | directly between the |
| Plane | trunk | | H.323 station and the|
| | groups | | gateway. |
|___________|____________|_________________|_______________________|
_____________________________________________________________________
| Functional| Phone | Terminating | IETF conforming systems|
| Plane | switch | Entity | |
|___________|____________|_________________|_________________________|
| Signaling | Signaling | Call agent | Signaling exchanges |
| Plane | exchanges | | with the call agent |
| | through | | through SAP, SIP or |
| | SS7/ISUP | | RTSP. |
|___________|____________|_________________|_________________________|
| | | | Negotiation of session |
| | | | description parameters |
| | | | through SDP (telephony |
| | | | gateway terminated but |
| | | | passed via the call |
| | | | agent to and from the |
| | | | IETF conforming system)|
|___________|____________|_________________|_________________________|
| | | Internal | |
| | | synchronization| |
| | | through MGCP | |
|___________|____________|_________________|_________________________|
| Bearer | Connection| Telephony | Transmission of VoIP |
| Data | through | gateways | data using RTP, |
| Transport | high speed| | directly between the |
| Plane | trunk | | remote IP end system |
| | groups | | and the gateway. |
|___________|____________|_________________|_________________________|
+-------
+------------+|
(channel) ===|DS0 endpoint| -------- Connections
+------------+|
+-------
+-------
+---------------+|
(line) ===|analog endpoint| -------- Connections
+---------------+|
+-------
+----------------------+
| Announcement endpoint| -------- Connection
+----------------------+
+-------------+
| IVR endpoint| -------- Connection
+-------------+
+-------
+--------------------------+|
|Conference bridge endpoint| -------- Connections
+--------------------------+|
+-------
+-------
+---------------------+ |
|Packet relay endpoint| 2 connections
+---------------------+ |
+-------
+-----------------+
| Wiretap endpoint| -------- Connection
+-----------------+
+-------
+------------------+|
(channel) = |ATM trunk endpoint| -------- Connections
+------------------+|
+-------
+---+ +---+
(channel1) ===|EP1|--(C1)--... ...(C2)--|EP2|===(channel2)
+---+ +---+
Create connection
received
|
V
+-------------------+
|resource allocation|-(failed)-+
+-------------------+ |
| (connection refused)
(successful)
|
v
+----------->+
| |
| +-------------------+
| | remote session |
| | description |----------(yes)--------+
| | available ? | |
| +-------------------+ |
| | |
| (no) |
| | |
| +-----------+ +------+
| +--->| half open |------> Delete <-------| open |<----------+
| | | (wait) | Connection |(wait)| |
| | +-----------+ received +------+ |
| | | | | |
| | Modify Connection | Modify Connection |
| | received | received |
| | | | | |
| | +--------------------+ | +--------------------+ |
| | |assess modification | | |assess modification | |
| | +--------------------+ | +--------------------+ |
| | | | | | | |
| |(failed) (successful) | (failed) (successful) |
| | | | | | | |
| +<---+ | | +-------------+-------+
| | |
+<-------------------+ |
|
+-----------------+
| Free connection |
| resources. |
| Report. |
+-----------------+
|
V
_______________________________________________________
| 0 | Local operator |
| 00 | Long distance operator |
| xxxx | Local extension number |
| 8xxxxxxx | Local number |
| #xxxxxxx | Shortcut to local number at|
| | other corporate sites |
| *xx | Star services |
| 91xxxxxxxxxx | Long distance number |
| 9011 + up to 15 digits| International number |
|________________________|_____________________________|
ReturnCode,
[NotifiedEntity]
<------- RestartInProgress ( EndPointId,
RestartMethod,
[RestartDelay,]
[Reason-code])
______________________________
| Verb | Code|
|______________________|______|
| EndpointConfiguration| EPCF|
| CreateConnection | CRCX|
| ModifyConnection | MDCX|
| DeleteConnection | DLCX|
| NotificationRequest | RQNT|
| Notify | NTFY|
| AuditEndpoint | AUEP|
| AuditConnection | AUCX|
| RestartInProgress | RSIP|
|______________________|______|
______________________________________________________________________
| hrd4/56@gw23.example.net | Circuit number 56 in |
| | interface "hrd4" of the Gateway 23 |
| | of the "Example" network |
| Call-agent@ca.example.net | Call Agent for the |
| | "example" network |
| Busy-signal@ann12.example.net| The "busy signal" virtual |
| | endpoint in the announcement |
| | server number 12. |
|______________________________|______________________________________|
_______________________________________________________________________
|Parameter name | Code| Parameter value |
|______________________|______|_______________________________________|
|ResponseAck | K | see description |
|BearerInformation | B | see description |
|CallId | C | Hexadecimal string, at most 32 chars.|
|ConnectionId | I | Hexadecimal string, at most 32 chars.|
|NotifiedEntity | N | An identifier, in RFC 821 format, |
| | | composed of an arbitrary string and |
| | | of the domain name of the requesting |
| | | entity, possibly completed by a port |
| | | number, as in: |
| | | Call-agent@ca.example.net:5234 |
|RequestIdentifier | X | Hexadecimal string, at most 32 chars.|
|LocalConnectionOptions| L | See description |
|Connection Mode | M | See description |
|RequestedEvents | R | See description |
|SignalRequests | S | See description |
|DigitMap | D | A text encoding of a digit map |
|ObservedEvents | O | See description |
|ConnectionParameters | P | See description |
|ReasonCode | E | An arbitrary character string |
|SpecificEndpointID | Z | An identifier, in RFC 821 format, |
| | | composed of an arbitrary string, |
| | | followed by an "@" followed by the |
| | | domain name of the gateway to which |
| | | this endpoint is attached. |
|Second Endpoint ID | Z2 | Endpoint Id. |
|SecondConnectionId | I2 | Connection Id. |
|RequestedInfo | F | See description |
|QuarantineHandling | Q | See description |
|DetectEvents | T | See Description |
|RestartMethod | RM | See description |
|RestartDelay | RD | A number of seconds, encoded as |
| | | a decimal number |
|EventStates | ES | See description |
|Capabilities | A | See description |
|______________________|______|_______________________________________|
|RemoteConnection | RC | Session Description |
|Descriptor | | |
|LocalConnection | LC | Session Description |
|Descriptor | | |
|______________________|______|_______________________________________|
___________________________________________________________________
| Parameter name | EP| CR| MD| DL| RQ| NT| AU| AU| RS|
| | CF| CX| CX| CX| NT| FY| EP| CX| IP|
|_____________________|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| ResponseAck | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O |
| BearerInformation | M | O | O | O | O | F | F | F | F |
| CallId | F | M | M | O | F | F | F | F | F |
| ConnectionId | F | F | M | O | F | F | F | M | F |
| RequestIdentifier | F | O+| O+| O+| M | M | F | F | F |
| LocalConnection | F | O | O | F | F | F | F | F | F |
| Options | | | | | | | | | |
| Connection Mode | F | M | M | F | F | F | F | F | F |
| RequestedEvents | F | O | O | O | O*| F | F | F | F |
| SignalRequests | F | O | O | O | O*| F | F | F | F |
| NotifiedEntity | F | O | O | O | O | O | F | F | F |
| ReasonCode | F | F | F | O | F | F | F | F | O |
| ObservedEvents | F | F | F | F | F | M | F | F | F |
| DigitMap | F | O | O | O | O | F | F | F | F |
| Connection | F | F | F | O | F | F | F | F | F |
| parameters | | | | | | | | | |
| Specific Endpoint ID| F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F |
| Second Endpoint ID | F | O | F | F | F | F | F | F | F |
| RequestedInfo | F | F | F | F | F | F | M | M | F |
| QuarantineHandling | F | O | O | O | O | F | F | F | F |
| DetectEvents | F | O | O | O | O | F | F | F | F |
| EventStates | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F |
| RestartMethod | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | M |
| RestartDelay | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | O |
| SecondConnectionID | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F |
| Capabilities | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F |
|_____________________|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| RemoteConnection | F | O | O | F | F | F | F | F | F |
| Descriptor | | | | | | | | | |
| LocalConnection | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F |
| Descriptor | | | | | | | | | |
|_____________________|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
__________________________________________________________________
| Connection parameter| Code| Connection parameter |
| name | | value |
|_____________________|______|____________________________________|
| Packets sent | PS | The number of packets that |
| | | were sent on the connection. |
| Octets sent | OS | The number of octets that |
| | | were sent on the connection. |
| Packets received | PR | The number of packets that |
| | | were received on the connection. |
| Octets received | OR | The number of octets that |
| | | were received on the connection. |
| Packets lost | PL | The number of packets that |
| | | were not received on the |
| | | connection, as deduced from |
| | | gaps in the sequence number. |
| Jitter | JI | The average inter-packet arrival |
| | | jitter, in milliseconds, |
| | | expressed as an integer number. |
| Latency | LA | Average latency, in milliseconds, |
| | | expressed as an integer number. |
|_____________________|______|____________________________________|
________________________________________________________
| Mode | Meaning |
|____________|__________________________________________|
| M: sendonly| The gateway should only send packets |
| M: recvonly| The gateway should only receive packets |
| M: sendrecv| The gateway should send |
| | and receive packets |
| M: confrnce| The gateway should place |
| | the connection in conference mode |
| M: inactive| The gateway should neither |
| | send nor receive packets |
| M: loopback| The gateway should place |
| | the circuit in loopback mode. |
| M: conttest| The gateway should place |
| | the circuit in test mode. |
| M: netwloop| The gateway should place |
| | the connection in network loopback mode.|
| M: netwtest| The gateway should place |
| | the connection in network |
| | continuity test mode. |
| M: data | The gateway should use the circuit |
| | for network access for data |
| | (e.g., PPP, SLIP, etc.). |
|____________|__________________________________________|
____________________________________________________________
| L/hu | on-hook transition, in the line package |
| F/0 | digit 0 in the MF package |
| fh | Flash-hook, assuming that the line package|
| | is a default package for the end point. |
| G/rt@0A3F58 | Ring back signal on |
| | connection "0A3F58". |
|_____________|_____________________________________________|
__________________________________________________________
| M/[0-9] | Digits 0 to 9 in the MF package |
| fh | Flash-hook, assuming that the line package|
| | is a default package for the end point. |
| [0-9*#A-D]| All digits and letters in the DTMF |
| | packages (default for endpoint). |
| T/$ | All events in the trunk packages. |
| R/qa@* | The quality alert event in all |
| | connections |
| R/rt@$ | Ringback on current connection |
|___________|_____________________________________________|
______________________________________
| Action | Code|
|______________________________|______|
| Notify immediately | N |
| Accumulate | A |
| Treat according to digit map | D |
| Swap | S |
| Ignore | I |
| Keep Signal(s) active | K |
| Embedded Notification Request| E |
|______________________________|______|
___________________________________________________________________
| Parameter name | EP| CR| MD| DL| RQ| NT| AU| AU| RS|
| | CF| CX| CX| CX| NT| FY| EP| CX| IP|
|_____________________|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| ResponseAck | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F |
| BearerInformation | F | F | F | F | F | F | O | F | F |
| CallId | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | O | F |
| ConnectionId | F | O*| F | F | F | F | F | F | F |
| RequestIdentifier | F | F | F | F | F | F | O | F | F |
| LocalConnection | F | F | F | F | F | F | O | O | F |
| Options | | | | | | | | | |
| Connection Mode | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | O | F |
| RequestedEvents | F | F | F | F | F | F | O | F | F |
| SignalRequests | F | F | F | F | F | F | O | F | F |
| NotifiedEntity | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | O |
| ReasonCode | F | F | F | F | F | F | O | F | F |
| ObservedEvents | F | F | F | F | F | F | O | F | F |
| DigitMap | F | F | F | F | F | F | O | F | F |
| Connection | F | F | F | O | F | F | F | O | F |
| Parameters | | | | | | | | | |
| Specific Endpoint ID| F | O | F | F | F | F | F | F | F |
| RequestedInfo | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F |
| QuarantineHandling | F | F | F | F | F | F | O | F | F |
| DetectEvents | F | F | F | F | F | F | O | F | F |
| EventStates | F | F | F | F | F | F | O | F | F |
| RestartMethod | F | F | F | F | F | F | O | F | F |
| RestartDelay | F | F | F | F | F | F | O | F | F |
| Capabilities | F | F | F | F | F | F | O | F | F |
| SecondConnectionId | F | O | F | F | F | F | F | F | F |
| SecondEndpointID | F | O | F | F | F | F | F | F | F |
|_____________________|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| LocalConnection | F | M | O | F | F | F | F | O*| F |
| Descriptor | | | | | | | | | |
| RemoteConnection | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | O*| F |
| Descriptor | | | | | | | | | |
|_____________________|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
__________________________________________________________
| Method name| Method description |
|____________|____________________________________________|
| radius | Authentication according |
| | to the Radius protocol. |
| tacacs | Authentication according |
| | to the TACACS+ protocol. |
| diameter | Authentication according |
| | to the Diameter protocol. |
| l2tp | Level 2 tunneling protocol. |
| | The address and port are those of the LNS.|
| login | Local login. (There is normally |
| | no server for that method.) |
| none | No authentication required. |
| | (The call was probably vetted |
| | by the Call Agent.) |
|____________|____________________________________________|
____________________________________________________________________
| Type of bearer description | Example of values |
|_________________________________|_________________________________|
| ITU modem standard | V.32, V.34, V.90. |
| ITU modem standard qualified | v.90/3com, |
| by a manufacturer name | v.90/rockwell, |
| | v.90/xxx |
| Well known modem types | X2, K56flex |
| ISDN transparent access, 64 kbps| ISDN64 |
| ISDN64 + V.110 | ISDN64/V.110 |
| ISDN64 + V.120 | ISDN64/V.120 |
| ISDN transparent access, 56 kbps| ISDN56 |
| Informal identification | (Requires coordination between |
| | the Call Agent and the gateway)|
|_________________________________|_________________________________|
_________________________________________________
| Type of framing description| Example of values|
|____________________________|___________________|
| PPP, asynchronous framing | ppp-asynch |
| PPP, HDLC framing | ppp-hdlc |
| SLIP, asynchronous | slip |
| Asynchronous, no framing | asynch |
|____________________________|___________________|
Command issued: N=0
|
transmission: N++
| +------------ retransmission: N++ -----------+
| | |
| | transmission |
| | +---to new address -+<--------------------|--+
| | | N=0 | | |
V V V | | |
+-----------+ | | |
| awaiting |- new call agent ->+ +------------+ | |
| response |--- timer elapsed --->| N > Max1 ? |-(no)+ |
+-----------+ <----------+ +------------+ ^ |
| | | | | |
| +- wrong key? -+ (yes) | |
| | | |
response received (if N=Max1, | |
| or N=Max2 | |
| check DNS) | |
v | | |
(end) +---------------+ | |
|more addresses?|(yes)|--+
+---------------+ |
| |
(no) |
| |
+------------+ |
| N > Max2 ? |(no)-+
+------------+
|
(yes)
|
v
(disconnected)
________________________________
| MGCP |
|_______________________________|
| UDP |
|_______________________________|
| IP security |
| (authentication or encryption)|
|_______________________________|
| IP |
|_______________________________|
| transmission media |
|_______________________________|
_________________________________________
| Package | name |
|______________________________|_________|
| Generic Media Package | G |
| DTMF package | D |
| MF Package | M |
| Trunk Package | T |
| Line Package | L |
| Handset Package | H |
| RTP Package | R |
| Network Access Server Package| N |
| Announcement Server Package | A |
| Script Package | Script|
|______________________________|_________|
_____________________________________________________________________
| Symbol | Definition | R | S Duration |
|__________|____________________________|_____|______________________|
| mt | Modem detected | x | |
| ft | Fax tone detected | x | |
| ld | Long duration connection | x | |
| pat(###) | Pattern ### detected | x | OO |
| rt | Ringback tone | | TO |
| rbk(###) | ring back on connection | | TO 180 seconds |
| cf | Confirm tone | | BR |
| cg | Network Congestion tone | | TO |
| it | Intercept tone | | OO |
| pt | Preemption tone | | OO |
| of | report failure | x | |
|__________|____________________________|_____|______________________|
_______________________________________________________________
| Symbol | Definition | R | S Duration |
|________|___________________________|_____|___________________|
| 0 | DTMF 0 | x | BR |
| 1 | DTMF 1 | x | BR |
| 2 | DTMF 2 | x | BR |
| 3 | DTMF 3 | x | BR |
| 4 | DTMF 4 | x | BR |
| 5 | DTMF 5 | x | BR |
| 6 | DTMF 6 | x | BR |
| 7 | DTMF 7 | x | BR |
| 8 | DTMF 8 | x | BR |
| 9 | DTMF 9 | x | BR |
| # | DTMF # | x | BR |
| * | DTMF * | x | BR |
| A | DTMF A | x | BR |
| B | DTMF B | x | BR |
| C | DTMF C | x | BR |
| D | DTMF D | x | BR |
| L | long duration indicator | x | 2 seconds|
| X | Wildcard, match | x | |
| | any digit 0-9 | | |
| T | Interdigit timer | x | 4 seconds|
| of | report failure | x | |
|________|___________________________|_____|___________________|
________________________________________________________
| Symbol | Definition | R | S Duration |
|________|____________________|_____|___________________|
| 0 | MF 0 | x | BR |
| 1 | MF 1 | x | BR |
| 2 | MF 2 | x | BR |
| 3 | MF 3 | x | BR |
| 4 | MF 4 | x | BR |
| 5 | MF 5 | x | BR |
| 6 | MF 6 | x | BR |
| 7 | MF 7 | x | BR |
| 8 | MF 8 | x | BR |
| 9 | MF 9 | x | BR |
| X | Wildcard, match | x | |
| | any digit 0-9 | | |
| T | Interdigit timer | x | 4 seconds|
| K0 | MF K0 or KP | x | BR |
| K1 | MF K1 | x | BR |
| K2 | MF K2 | x | BR |
| S0 | MF S0 or ST | x | BR |
| S1 | MF S1 | x | BR |
| S2 | MF S2 | x | BR |
| S3 | MF S3 | x | BR |
| wk | Wink | x | BR |
| wko | Wink off | x | BR |
| is | Incoming seizure | x | OO |
| rs | Return seizure | x | OO |
| us | Unseize circuit | x | OO |
| of | report failure | x | |
|________|____________________|_____|___________________|
_____________________________________________________________________
| Symbol | Definition | R | S Duration |
|________|________________________________|_____|____________________|
| co1 | Continuity tone (single tone,| x | OO |
| | or return tone) | | |
| co2 | Continuity test (go tone, | x | OO |
| | in dual tone procedures) | | |
| lb | Loopback | | OO |
| om | Old Milliwatt Tone (1000 Hz) | x | OO |
| nm | New Milliwatt Tone (1004 Hz) | x | OO |
| tl | Test Line | x | OO |
| zz | No circuit | x | OO |
| as | Answer Supervision | x | OO |
| ro | Reorder Tone | x | TO 30 seconds|
| of | report failure | x | |
| bl | Blocking | | OO |
|________|________________________________|_____|____________________|
________________________________________________________________________
|Symbol | Definition | R | S Duration |
|_____________|______________________________|_____|___________________|
|adsi(string) | adsi display | | BR |
|vmwi | visual message | | OO |
| | waiting indicator | | |
|hd | Off hook transition | x | |
|hu | On hook transition | x | |
|hf | Flash hook | x | |
|aw | Answer tone | x | OO |
|bz | Busy tone | | TO 30 seconds |
|ci(ti,nu,na) | Caller-id | | BR |
|wt | Call Waiting tone | | TO 30 seconds |
|wt1, wt2, | Alternative call | | |
|wt3, wt4 | waiting tones | | |
|dl | Dial tone | | TO 16 seconds |
|mwi | Message waiting ind. | | TO 16 seconds |
|nbz | Network busy | x | OO |
| | (fast cycle busy) | | |
|ro | Reorder tone | | TO 30 seconds |
|rg | Ringing | | TO 180 seconds|
|r0, r1, r2, | Distinctive ringing | | TO 180 seconds|
|r3, r4, r5, | | | |
|r6 or r7 | | | |
|rs | Ringsplash | | BR |
|p | Prompt tone | x | BR |
|e | Error tone | x | BR |
|sl | Stutter dialtone | | TO 16 seconds |
|v | Alerting Tone | | OO |
|y | Recorder Warning Tone | | OO |
|sit | SIT tone | | |
|z | Calling Card Service Tone | | OO |
|oc | Report on completion | x | |
|ot | Off hook warning tone | | TO indefinite |
|s(###) | Distinctive tone pattern | x | BR |
|of | report failure | x | |
|_____________|______________________________|_____|___________________|
________________________________________________________________________
|Symbol | Definition | R | S Duration |
|_____________|______________________________|_____|___________________|
|adsi(string) | adsi display | x | BR |
|tdd | | | |
|vmwi | | | |
|hd | Off hook transition | x | OO |
|hu | On hook transition | x | OO |
|hf | Flash hook | x | BR |
|aw | Answer tone | x | OO |
|bz | Busy tone | x | OO |
|wt | Call Waiting tone | x | TO 30 seconds |
|dl | Dial tone (350 + 440 Hz) | x | TO 120 seconds|
|nbz | Network busy | x | OO |
| | (fast cycle busy) | | |
|rg | Ringing | x | TO 30 seconds |
|r0, r1, r2, | Distinctive ringing | x | TO 30 seconds |
|r3, r4, r5, | | | |
|r6 or r7 | | | |
|p | Prompt tone | x | BR |
|e | Error tone | x | BR |
|sdl | Stutter dialtone | x | TO 16 seconds |
|v | Alerting Tone | x | OO |
|y | Recorder Warning Tone | x | OO |
|t | SIT tone | x | |
|z | Calling Card Service Tone | x | OO |
|oc | Report on completion | x | |
|ot | Off hook warning tone | x | OO |
|s(###) | Distinctive tone pattern | x | BR |
|of | report failure | x | |
|_____________|______________________________|_____|___________________|
____________________________________________________________________
| Symbol | Definition | R | S Duration|
|_________|________________________________|_____|__________________|
| UC | Used codec changed | x | |
| SR(###) | Sampling rate changed | x | |
| JI(###) | Jitter buffer size changed | x | |
| PL(###) | Packet loss exceeded | x | |
| qa | Quality alert | x | |
| co1 | Continuity tone (single tone,| x | OO |
| | or return tone) | | |
| co2 | Continuity test (go tone, | x | OO |
| | in dual tone procedures) | | |
| of | report failure | x | |
|_________|________________________________|_____|__________________|
____________________________________________________________
| Symbol | Definition | R | S Duration|
|________|__________________________|_____|_________________|
| pa | Packet arrival | x | |
| cbk | Call back request | x | |
| cl | Carrier lost | x | |
| au | Authorization succeeded| x | |
| ax | Authorization denied | x | |
| of | Report failure | x | |
|________|__________________________|_____|_________________|
___________________________________________________________________
| Symbol | Definition | R | S Duration|
|________________|________________________|_____|__________________|
| ann(url,parms) | Play an announcement | | TO variable|
| oc | Report on completion | x | |
| of | Report failure | x | |
|________________|________________________|_____|__________________|
______________________________________________________________
| Symbol | Definition | R | S | Duration|
|___________|________________________|_____|______|___________|
| java(url) | Load a java script | | TO | variable|
| perl(url) | Load a perl script | | TO | variable|
| tcl(url) | Load a TCL script | | TO | variable|
| xml(url) | Load an XML script | | TO | variable|
| oc | Report on completion | x | | |
| of | Report failure | x | | |
|___________|________________________|_____|______|___________|
___________________________________________________________
| Gateway | Supported packages |
|____________________________|_____________________________|
| Trunk gateway (ISUP) | GM, DTMF, TK, RTP |
| Trunk gateway (MF) | GM, MF, DTMF, TK, RTP |
| Network Access Server (NAS)| GM, MF, TK, NAS |
| Combined NAS/VOIP gateway | GM, MF, DTMF, TK, NAS, RTP|
| Access Gateway (VOIP) | GM, DTMF, MF, RTP |
| Access Gateway (VOIP+NAS) | GM, DTMF, MF, NAS, RTP |
| Residential Gateway | GM, DTMF, Line, RTP |
| Announcement Server | ANN, RTP |
|____________________________|_____________________________|
all end-user ######## SNMP query
+-------+ +--------+ ---- job submission
|monitor| | client |
+---#---+ +--#--+--+
# # |
# ############ |
# # |
+==+===#=#=+==+ |
| | agent | | |
| +-------+ | |
| PRINTER <--------+
| | Print Job Delivery Channel
| |
+=============+
all end-user
+-------+ +----------+
|monitor| | client | ######## SNMP query
+---+---# +---#----+-+ **** non-SNMP cntrl
# # | ---- job submission
# # |
# # |
#=====#=+==v==+
| agent | |
+-------+ |
| server |
+----+-----+--+
control * |
********** |
* |
+========v====+ |
| | |
| | |
| PRINTER <---------+
| | Print Job Delivery Channel
| |
+=============+
all end-user
+-------+ +----------+
|monitor| | client | ######## SNMP query
+---+---* +---*----+-+ **** non-SNMP query
# * * | ---- job submission
# * * |
# * * |
# *=====v====v==+
# | |
# | server |
# | |
# +----#-----+--+
# optional# |
# ########## |
# # |
+==+=v===v=+==+ |
| | agent | | |
| +-------+ | |
| PRINTER <---------+
| | Print Job Delivery Channel
| |
+=============+
+----> canceled(7)
/
+---> pending(3) -------> processing(5) ------+------> completed(9)
| ^ ^ \
--->+ | | +----> aborted(8)
| v v /
+---> pendingHeld(4) processingStopped(6) ---+
MIB Object | LPR/LPD Parameter
------------------------------+----------------------------------------
jmJobKOctetsPerCopyRequested | Number of bytes as defined in the Data
| File
jmJobOwner | Control file command code = P (User Id)
MIB attribute | LPR/LPD information | Data type
----------------------+---------------------------------+--------------
jobName | Job Name (notes 1, 2) | Octet String
queueNameRequested | Queue name from the Data File | Octet String
fileName | Source File Name (notes 1, 3) | Octet String
MIB attribute | IPDS XOH DGB Group ID | Data type
----------------------------------+-----------------------+-------------
jobSourcePlatformType sptMVS(7) | Byte 2 = x'01' | Integer
jobName | Bytes 4-11 | Octet String
MIB attribute | IPDS XOH DGB Group ID | Data type
----------------------------------+-----------------------+-------------
jobSourcePlatformType sptVM(8) | Byte 2 = x'02' | Integer
fileName | Bytes 4-11 | Octet String
MIB attribute | IPDS XOH DGB Group ID | Data type
----------------------------------+-----------------------+-------------
jobSourcePlatformType sptOS400(9) | byte 2 = x'03' | Integer
fileName | Bytes 23-32 | Octet String
jobName | Bytes 37-46 | Octet String
MIB Object | PJL Job attribute
----------------------+------------------------------------
jobOwner | DocOwner or DocOwnerId attribute
MIB Object | PServer Job attribute
----------------------+--------------------------------------------
jobOwner | Client Id Number
MIB Object | SMB Parameter
----------------+------------------------------------------------
jmJobOwner | SMB User Id field (note 1)
MIB Object | TIP/SI Parameter
-----------------------+---------------------------------------------
jmJobOwner | User string
MIB attribute | TIP/SI information | Data type
----------------------+---------------------------------+-------------
jobName | Job Name string | Octet String
jobComment | Additional Information string | Octet String
+---------------+ No +---------------------------+
| | +--->|Forward packet in the Clear|
Outgoing |Does the packet| | |Or Drop, as appropriate. |
-------->|match Outbound |-| +---------------------------+
Packet |Security | | +-------------+
|Policies? | |Yes |Perform | Forward
| | +--->|Outbound |--------->
+---------------+ |Security | IPsec Pkt
|(Tunnel Mode)|
+-------------+
IPsec packet +----------+ +----------+
destined to |Perform | Embedded |Does the | No(Drop)
------------>|Inbound |--------->|Pkt match |-------->
the device |Security | Packet |Inbound SA| Yes(Forward)
|(Detunnel)| |Policies? |
+----------+ +----------+
+---------------+ +-------------------------+
| | No | Apply Normal-NAT or Drop|
Outgoing |Does the packet| +--->| as appropriate |
-------->|match Outbound |-| +-------------------------+
Packet |Security | | +---------+ +-------------+
(Private |Policies? | |Yes |Perform | |Perform |Forward
Domain) | | +--->|Outbound |->|Outbound |-------->
+---------------+ |NAT | |Security |IPsec Pkt
|(IPC-NAT)| |(Tunnel mode)|
+---------+ +-------------+
IPsec Pkt +----------+ +---------+ +----------+
destined |Perform | Embedded |Perform | |Does the |No(Drop)
--------->|Inbound |--------->|Inbound |->|Pkt match |-------->
to device |Security | Packet |NAT | |Inbound SA|Yes(Forward)
(External |(Detunnel)| |(IPC-NAT)| |Policies? |
Domain) +----------+ +---------+ +----------+
________________
| |
| |
| |
| |
--------->| Non-Listener |<---------
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| |________________| |
| | |
| stop listening | start listening | stop listening
| (stop timer, |(send report, | (send done if
| send done if | set flag, | flag set)
| flag set) | start timer) |
________|________ | ________|________
| |<--------- | |
| | | |
| |<-------------------| |
| | query received | |
| Delaying | (start timer) | Idle |
---->| Listener |------------------->| Listener |
| | | report received | |
| | | (stop timer, | |
| | | clear flag) | |
| |_________________|------------------->|_________________|
| query received | timer expired
| (reset timer if | (send report,
| Max Resp Delay | set flag)
| < current timer) |
-------------------
--------------------------------
_______|________ gen. query timer |
--------- | | expired |
| Initial |---------------->| | (send general query, |
--------- (send gen. q., | | start gen. q. timer) |
start initial gen. q. | |<----------------------
timer) | Querier |
| |
-----| |<---
| | | |
| |________________| |
query received from a | | other querier
router with a lower | | present timer
IP address | | expired
(start other querier | ________________ | (send gen. query,
present timer) | | | | start gen. q. timer)
| | | |
| | | |
---->| Non |----
| Querier |
| |
| |
---->| |----
| |________________| |
| query received from a |
| router with a lower IP |
| address |
| (start other querier |
| present timer) |
---------------------------
________________
| |
| |timer expired
timer expired| |(notify routing -,
(notify routing -)| No Listeners |clear rxmt tmr)
------->| Present |<---------
| | | |
| | | |
| |________________| | ---------------
| | | | rexmt timer |
| report received| | | expired |
| (notify routing +,| | | (send m-a-s |
| start timer)| | | query, |
__________|______ | ________|_|______ st rxmt |
| |<------------ | | tmr) |
| | | |<-------
| | report received | |
| | (start timer, | |
| | clear rxmt tmr) | |
| Listeners |<-------------------| Checking |
| Present | done received | Listeners |
| | (start timer*, | |
| | start rxmt timer, | |
| | send m-a-s query) | |
--->| |------------------->| |
| |_________________| |_________________|
| report received |
| (start timer) |
-----------------
________________
| |
| |
timer expired| |timer expired
(notify routing -)| No Listeners |(notify routing -)
--------->| Present |<---------
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| |________________| |
| | |
| |report received |
| |(notify routing +,|
| | start timer) |
________|________ | ________|________
| |<--------- | |
| | report received | |
| | (start timer) | |
| Listeners |<-------------------| Checking |
| Present | m-a-s query rec'd | Listeners |
| | (start timer*) | |
---->| |------------------->| |
| |_________________| |_________________|
| report received |
| (start timer) |
-----------------
CLIENT SERVER
------ ------
ClientHello
-------------------------------->
ServerHello
Certificate *
ServerKeyExchange*
CertificateRequest*
ServerHelloDone
<-------------------------------
Certificate*
ClientKeyExchange
CertificateVerify*
change cipher spec
Finished
| -------------------------------->
| change cipher spec
| Finished
| |
| |
Application Data <------------------------------->Application Data
+--------+
+----| |----+
+---+ +---+ | ===> <=== |
| | | | +----| # |----+
| | | # | +-----#------+
| # | +---#-------| v |-----------+
+--#----| v | | |-----+
| v ===> ===> Backbone <=== <=== |
+-------| ^ | | ^ |-----+
+---#-------| ^ |-----#-----+
| # | +-----#------+ | # |-----+
| | | # | | <=== |
+---+ +---| | | |-----+
| ===> | +--------+
+---+--------+
+---------------+ +--------------+
| | | |
SCN<-------->[SG] <--+---------O------------+--> [SG] <------> SCN
signal | | | | | | signal
+-------|-------+ +-----|--------+
Signaling|gateway Signaling|gateway (opt)
O O
| |
+-------|-------+ +-----|--------+
| | | | | |
| [MGC] <--+--------O-------------+--> [MGC] |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
+-------|-------+ +-----|--------+
Gateway | controller Gateway | controller (opt)
O O
| |
+-------|-------+ +-----|--------+
Media | | | | | | Media
<------+---->[MG] <---+-----RTP stream-------+-> [MG] <----+-------->
stream| | | | stream
+---------------+ +--------------+
Media gateway Media gateway
SGU
+--------+
SS7<------>[SG] |
(ISUP) | | |
+---|----+
ST | SGU MGCU
+---|----+ +--------+ +--------+
| [MGC] | SS7---->[SG] | | [MGC] |
| | | | | | | | | |
+---|----+ +---|----+ +--|-|---+
MGCU | ST | | |
| | ST | |
Media +---|----+ Media +---|----+ +--|-|---+
------->[MG] | ----->[MG/MGC]| SS7 link-->[SG]| |
stream | | stream | | Media------> [MG] |
+--------+ +--------+ stream +--------+
MGU MGU MGU
SGU MGCU
+---------+ +---------+
| | ST | |
| [SG2]------------------------------>[MGC] |
| ^ ^ | | |
+---|-|---+ +---------+
| |
| | ST
ST| +--------------------------------+
| |
| |
SS7 +---|----------+ SS7 +----|---------+
-----------> [SG1] | -----------> [SG1] |
media | | media | |
------------------->[MG] | ------------------->[MG] |
stream +--------------+ stream +--------------+
MGU MGU
MGCU
+-------------+
| [MGC] |
| | | |
+-----|-|-----+
| |
| O device control
| |
Q.931/ST O |
| |
+-----|-|-----+
| | | |
Q.931---->[SG]| |
signals| | |
| | |
Media---->[MG] |
stream | |
+-------------+
MGU
+--------------+
| IP SCP |
+--|----|------+
| |
SGU | | SGU
+--------------+ | | +--------------+
| | | | | |
SS7<--------->[SG] ---------+ | | [SG]<---------> SS7
(TCAP) | | | | | | |
+------|-------+ | +------|-------+
| | |
O +------------+ O
MGCU | | | MGCU
+-------|----|--+ +-----|--------+
| | | | | | |
| [MGC] | | [MGC] |
| | | | | |
+-------|-------+ +-----|--------+
| |
+-------|-------+ +-----|------+
Media | | | | | | Media
<------+---->[MG] <---+--RTP stream---+--> [MG] <-+-------->
stream| | | | stream
+---------------+ +------------+
MGU MGU
+-- +--------------------------------+
| | SCN adaptation module |
| +--------------------------------+
| |
S | +--------------------------------+
I | | Common Signaling Transport |
G | +--------------------------------+
| |
| +--------------------------------+
| | standard IP transport |
+-- +--------------------------------+
MANAGER
/ \
2.3 / \ 2.4
/ \
/ \ ANALYSIS
METER <-----> METER READER <-----> APPLICATION
2.2 2.7
Ignore
--- match(S->D) -------------------------------------------------+
| Suc | NoMatch |
| | Ignore |
| match(D->S) -----------------------------------------+
| | Suc | NoMatch |
| | | |
| | +-------------------------------------------+
| | |
| | Suc |
| current(D->S) ---------- count(D->S,r) --------------+
| | Fail |
| | |
| create(D->S) ----------- count(D->S,r) --------------+
| |
| Suc |
current(S->D) ------------------ count(S->D,f) --------------+
| Fail |
| Suc |
current(D->S) ------------------ count(D->S,r) --------------+
| Fail |
| |
create(S->D) ------------------- count(S->D,f) --------------+
|
*
+-------- test ---------+ +---- action -----+
attribute & mask = value: opcode, parameter;
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| from\to | meter | meter reader | application | manager |
|---------+--------------+--------------+-------------+------------|
| meter | N/A | authent | N/A | authent |
| | | acc ctrl | | acc ctrl |
| | | integrity | | |
| | | confid ** | | |
|---------+--------------+--------------+-------------+------------|
| meter | authent | N/A | authent | authent |
| reader | acc ctrl | | acc ctrl | acc ctrl |
| | | | integrity | |
| | | | confid ** | |
|---------+--------------+--------------+-------------+------------|
| appl | N/A | authent | | |
| | | acc ctrl | ## | ## |
|---------+--------------+--------------+-------------+------------|
| manager | authent | authent | ## | authent |
| | acc ctrl | acc ctrl | | acc ctrl |
| | integrity | integrity | | integrity |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
International |
Backbones/National ---------------
/ \
Regional/MidLevel ---------- ----------
/ \ \ / / \
Stub/Enterprise --- --- --- ---- ----
||| ||| ||| |||| ||||
End-Systems/Hosts xxx xxx xxx xxxx xxxx
------------+-------+-------- Statement -------+-------+-----------
| | | |
| +------- Declaration ------+ |
| |
+---------------------<--------------------+
----------------+---- IF_statement ----------------+---------------
| |
+---- Compound_statement ----------+
| |
+---- Imperative_statement --------+
| |
+---- CALL_statement --------------+
--- IF --- expression ---+------------+---- Statement ----+--->
| | |
+-- SAVE , --+ |
| |
+-- SAVE ; ----------------------+
>-----------+-----------------------------+-----------------
| |
+-----ELSE --- Statement -----+
-------- term --------+------------------------+-------------------
| |
+--<-- term ----- || ----+ logical OR
------- factor -------+------------------------+-------------------
| |
+--<-- factor --- && ----+ logical AND
------------+-------- attrib == operand_list --------+-----------
| |
+------------ ( expression ) --------------+
----------+------------------ operand -----------------+-----------
| |
+-- ( operand ---+-------------------+-- ) --+
| |
+-<-- operand , ---+
------------- value ---------+----------------------+--------------
| |
+------- / width ------+
| |
+------- & mask -------+
-------+-------------+----- { ---+---- Statement ----+--- } -------
| | | |
+-- label : --+ +--------<----------+
------+---------------------------------------------------+------ ;
| |
+-- SAVE attrib --+--+-----------+--+---------------+
| | | | | |
| | +- / width -+ | |
| | | | | |
| | +- & mask --+ | |
| | | |
| +--- = operand ---+ |
| |
+-- COUNT ------------------------------------------+
| |
+-- EXIT label ------------------------------------+
| |
+-- IGNORE -----------------------------------------+
| |
+-- NOMATCH ----------------------------------------+
| |
+-- RETURN --+-------+------------------------------+
| | | |
| +-- n --+ |
| |
+-- STORE variable := value ------------------------+
-- SUBROUTINE subname ( --+-----------------------------+-- ) -->
| |
+--+-- ADDRESS --- pname --+--+
| |
+-- VARIABLE -- pname --+
| |
+------<------- , ------+
>------+-------- Statement ---------+----- ENDSUB -------- ;
| |
+-------------<--------------+
---- CALL subname ( --+---------------------+-- ) ---->
| |
+--+-- parameter --+--+
| |
+----<--- , ----+
>---+-------------------------------------+--- ENDCALL ---- ;
| |
+---+--+-- n : --+--- Statement --+---+
| | | |
| +----<----+ |
| |
+--------------<--------------+
+--------------+--+------------+--+--+---------+--+
| packet |c0| packet |db|dd| |c0|
+--------------+--+------------+--+--+---------+--+
END ESC END
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+
| schema | packet (formatted according to schema) |
| 1 byte | ?? bytes (schema dependant length) |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+
| extended | packet (formatted according to schema) |
| schema | ?? bytes (schema dependant length) |
| 2 bytes | |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+
Lease ID
Type Random Number
+---------+-------------...
| 0 |
+---------+-------------...
Lease ID Address Family Address Client-specific
Type Number Identifier
+---------+---------+---------+-----...-----+-----...-----+
| 1 | addrfamily | address | cli-spec id |
+---------+---------+---------+-----...-----+-----...-----+
Code Len
+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 0 | 0 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Lease Time
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 1 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Address Family Address
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 2 | n | family | a1 | ... |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Lease Identifier
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
| 3 | n | i1 | i2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
Code Len Scope ID
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----
| 4 | n | i1 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----
Code Len Requested Options
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---...
| 5 | n | Option1 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---...
Code Len Time
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 6 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Minimum Desired
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 7 | 4 | min | desired |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Language Tag
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+
| 8 | n | L1 | | Ln |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+
Code Len Count Scope List
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+
| 9 | p | m | L1 | | Lm |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+
Scope ID Last Address TTL Name Encoded Name List
Count
+---+--...--+---+---+--...--+---+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+
| ... ID ... | ... Last ... | T | n | EN1 | | ENn |
+---+--...--+---+---+--...--+---+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+
Name Lang Language Tag Name Name
Flags Length Length
+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+
| F | q | L1 | | Lq | r | N1 | | Nr |
+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+
Code Len Count
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+...
| 9 | 51 | 2 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+...
Scope ID Last Address TTL Name Name Lang Language
Count Flags Length Tag
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+-----+-----+------+-...-+...
|239|192| 0 | 0 |239|195|255|255|10 | 1 | 128 | 2 | en |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+-----+-----+------+-...-+...
Name
Length Name
+------+--+--+-...-+--+--+...
| 15 | Inside abcd.com |
+------+--+--+-...-+--+--+...
Scope ID Last Address TTL Name Name Lang Language
Count Flags Length Tag
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+-----+-----+------+-...-+...
|224| 0 | 1 | 0 |238|255|255|255|16 | 1 | 128 | 2 | en |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+-----+-----+------+-...-+...
Code Len Address Range List
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+
| 10 | n | L1 | L2 | | Ln |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+
StartAddress1 BlockSize1 StartAddress2 BlockSize2 ...
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--...--+
| ... S1 ... |B11|B12| ... S2 ... |B21|B22| |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--...--+
Code Len Time
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 11 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Supported Requested Required
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 12 | n | FL1 | FL2 | FL3 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Feature Feature Feature
Count Code 1 Code m
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+-----+
| m | FC1 | | FCm |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+-----+
Code Len Time
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 13 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Lease Time
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 14 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Time
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 15 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Error Code Extra Data
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ...
| 16 | n | ecode | d1 d2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ...
Server Client Server
v v v
| | |
| | |
| _____________/|\_____________ |
|/ GETINFO | GETINFO \|
| | |
| | |
|\ | ____________/|
| \_________ | / ACK |
| ACK \ |/ |
| \ | |
| | |
v v v
Server Client Server
(not selected) (selected)
v v v
| | |
|Begin multicast address request|
| | |
| _____________/|\_____________ |
|/ DISCOVER | DISCOVER \|
| | |
Reserves | Reserves
Address | Address
| | |
|\ | ____________/|
| \_________ | / OFFER |
| OFFER \ |/ |
| \ | |
| Collects replies |
| \| |
| Selects Server |
| | |
| _____________/|\_____________ |
|/ REQUEST | REQUEST \|
| | |
| | Commits address
| | |
| | _____________/|
| |/ ACK |
| | |
| assignment complete |
| | |
v v v
Client Server
v v
| |
|\_____________ |
| RENEW \|
| |
| Extends lease
| |
| _____________/|
|/ ACK |
| |
| |
v v
Client Server
v v
| |
|\_____________ |
| RELEASE \|
| |
| Cancels lease
| |
| _____________/|
|/ ACK |
| |
v v
Client Server
v v
| |
|\_____________ |
| REQUEST \|
| |
| Allocates address
| |
| _____________/|
|/ ACK |
| |
v v
Speed Asynchronous Isochronous
+------------------------------------+
| S100 | 512 | 1024 |
| S200 | 1024 | 2048 |
| S400 | 2048 | 4096 |
| S800 | 4096 | 8192 |
| S1600 | 8192 | 16384 |
| S3200 | 16384 | 32768 |
+------------------------------------+
ether_type Datagram
+-------------------------+
| 0x0800 | IPv4 |
| 0x0806 | 1394 ARP |
| 0x8861 | MCAP |
+-------------------------+
lf Position
+------------------------+
| 0 | Unfragmented |
| 1 | First |
| 2 | Last |
| 3 | Interior |
+------------------------+
Value Speed
+---------------+
| 0 | S100 |
| 1 | S200 |
| 2 | S400 |
| 3 | S800 |
| 4 | S1600 |
| 5 | S3200 |
+---------------+
tcode Description Arbitration
+--------------------------------------+
| 0x01 | Block write | Asynchronous |
| 0x0A | Stream packet | Isochronous |
| 0x0A | Stream packet | Asynchronous |
+--------------------------------------+
opcode Name Comment
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| 0 | Advertise | Sent by a multicast channel owner to |
| | | broadcast the current mapping(s) from one |
| | | or more group addresses to their |
| | | corresponding channel number(s). |
| 1 | Solicit | Sent to request multicast channel owner(s) |
| | | to advertise the indicated channel |
| | | mapping(s) as soon as possible. |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
..........................................
. Area 1.
. + .
. | .
. | 3+---+1 .
. N1 |--|RT1|-----+ .
. | +---+ \ .
. | \ ______ .
. + \/ \ 1+---+
. * N3 *------|RT4|------
. + /\_______/ +---+
. | / | .
. | 3+---+1 / | .
. N2 |--|RT2|-----+ 1| .
. | +---+ +---+ .
. | |RT3|----------------
. + +---+ .
. |2 .
. | .
. +------------+ .
. N4 .
..........................................
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
| | | | | P|MC|LA|NU|
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
|U |S2|S1| LSA Function Code |
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
STATE
+---------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
| A | B | C | D | E
| (Initial | TestOK | Commit | Test | Commit
| State) | | OK | Fail | Fail
| | | | |
EVENT | | | | |
---------+---------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
| 7.2.4.1 | | | |
Receive | All varbinds | | | |
TestSet | OK? | X | X | X | X
PDU | Yes ->B | | | |
| No ->D | | | |
---------+---------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
| | 7.2.4.2 | | |
Receive | | NoError? | | |
Commit- | X | Yes ->C | X | X | X
Set PDU | | No ->E | | |
---------+---------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
Receive | | | 7.2.4.3 | |7.2.4.3
UndoSet | X | X | ->done | X | ->done
PDU | | | | |
---------+---------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
Receive | | 7.2.4.4 | 7.2.4.4 |7.2.4.4 |
Cleanup- | X | ->done | ->done | ->done | X
Set PDU | | | | |
---------+---------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
Session | | rollback | undo | |
Loss | ->done | ->done | ->done | ->done | ->done
---------+---------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
The following table presents, from the master agent's perspective,
the state transitions involved in transport connection setup and
teardown:
STATE
+--------------+--------------
| A | B
| No transport | Transport
| | connected
| |
EVENT | |
----------------+--------------+--------------
Transport | |
connect | ->B | X
indication | |
----------------+--------------+--------------
Receive | | if no resources
Open-PDU | | available
| | reject, else
| X | establish
| | session
| |
| | ->B
----------------+--------------+--------------
Receive | | if matching
Response-PDU | | session id,
| | feed to that
| X | session's FSM
| | else ignore
| |
| | ->B
----------------+--------------+--------------
Receive other | | if matching
PDUs | | session id,
| | feed to that
| X | session's FSM
| | else reject
| |
| | ->B
----------------+--------------+--------------
Transport | |notify all
disconnect | |sessions on
indication | X |this transport
| |
| | ->A
----------------+--------------+--------------
STATE
+-------------+----------------
| A | B
| No session | Session
| | established
EVENT | |
---------------+-------------+----------------
| 7.1.1 |
Receive | | X
Open PDU | ->B |
---------------+-------------+----------------
| | 7.1.8
Receive | X |
Close PDU | | ->A
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.4
Register PDU | X |
| | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.5
Unregister | X |
PDU | | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | |
Get PDU | |
GetNext PDU | |
GetBulk PDU | X | X
TestSet PDU | |
CommitSet PDU | |
UndoSet PDU | |
CleanupSet PDU | |
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.10
Notify PDU | X |
| | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive Ping | | 7.1.11
PDU | X |
| | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
(continued next page)
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.2
IndexAllocate | X |
PDU | | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.3
IndexDeallocate| X |
PDU | | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.6
AddAgentxCaps | X |
PDU | | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.7
RemoveAgentxCap| X |
PDU | | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.2.5
Response PDU | X |
| | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | |
Other PDU | X | X
---------------+-------------+----------------
GSS-API library defaults
|
|
V text, for
text --------------> internal_name (IN) -----------> display only
import_name() / display_name()
/
/
/
accept_sec_context() /
| /
| /
| / canonicalize_name()
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| |
V V <---------------------
single mechanism import_name() exported name: flat
internal_name (MN) binary "blob" usable
----------------------> for access control
export_name()
MSB LSB
|------------------------------------------------------------|
| Calling Error | Routine Error | Supplementary Info |
|------------------------------------------------------------|
Bit 31 24 23 16 15 0
LAST-HOP Ending
Receiver node node Sender
__ __ __ __ __
| |---------| |------>| |--> ...-->| |--> ...---->| |
|__| |__| DREQ |__| DREQ |__| DREQ |__|
^ . |
| . |
| DREQ . DREP | DREP
| . |
_|_ DREP V V
Requester | | <------------------------------------
(client) |___|
Downstream Path Sender
__ __ __ __
Receiver +------| |<------| |<-- ...---| |-----| |
__ __ / |__| |__| |__| |__|
| |--....--|X |_/ ^
|__| |__| \ Router B |
Black \ __ |
Hole +----->| |---->---+
|__| Upstream Path
........... ............... .............
: _______ : : _____ :
: | | : : | | :
Intranet :--| Rentry|===================|Rexit|___:Intranet
: |_______| : : |_____| :
..........: : Internet : :...........
:..............
|___________________|
H1 H2
: :
: :
+--------+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +-------+
| | | | | | | | | |
H3... | Rentry |===================================| Rexit |..... H4
| | | | | | | | | |
+--------+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +-------+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| H | |
| F | 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+----------------+
| |
| Network Node | Policy Server
| |
| +-----+ | COPS +-----+
| | PEP |<-----|-------------->| PDP |
| +-----+ | +-----+
| ^ |
| | |
| \-->+-----+ |
| | LPDP| |
| +-----+ |
| |
+----------------+
0 1 2 3
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| R-Type | M-Type |
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
0 1 2 3
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| Reason-Code | Reason Sub-code |
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
0 1 2 3
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| Command-Code | Flags |
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
0 1 2 3
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| Error-Code | Error Sub-code |
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
0 1 2 3
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| ////////////// | KA Timer Value |
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
0 1 2 3
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| Report-Type | ///////////// |
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
C-Type = 1, IPv4 Address + TCP Port
0 1 2 3
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| IPv4 Address format |
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| ///////////////////////// | TCP Port Number |
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
C-Type = 2, IPv6 Address + TCP Port
0 1 2 3
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| |
+ +
| |
+ IPv6 Address format +
| |
+ +
| |
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| ///////////////////////// | TCP Port Number |
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
0 1 2 3
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| ////////////// | ACCT Timer Value |
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
+----------------+
| |
| Network Node | Policy Servers
| |
| +-----+ | COPS Client Type 1 +-----+
| | |<-----|-------------------->| PDP1|
| + PEP + | COPS Client Type 2 +-----+
| | |<-----|---------\ +-----+
| +-----+ | \----------| PDP2|
| ^ | +-----+
| | |
| \-->+-----+ |
| | LPDP| |
| +-----+ |
| |
+----------------+
PEP (router)
+-----------------+
| |
R1 ------------+if1 if2+------------ S1
| |
+-----------------+
PEP (router)
+-----------------+
| |
R1-------------+ if1 if3 +--------- S1
| |
R2----+ | |
| | |
+--------+ if2 if4 +--------- S2
| | |
R3----+ +-----------------+
PDP1 PDP2
| |
| |
+---+ +---+ +---+
| A +---------+ B +---------+ C |
+---+ +---+ +---+
PEP2 PIN PEP2
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Length | POLICY_DATA | 1 |
+---------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| Data Offset | 0 (reserved) |
+---------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| |
// Option List //
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| |
// Policy Element List //
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Length | P-Type |
+---------------------------+---------------------------+
| |
// Policy information (Opaque to RSVP) //
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Length | P-Type = Identity Type |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
// Authentication Attribute List //
+-------------------------------------------------------+
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Length |A-Type |SubType|
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| OctetString ...
+-------+-------+-------+--------
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Length |A-Type |SubType|
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| OctetString ...
+-------+-------+-------+--------
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Length |A-Type |SubType|
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| OctetString ...
+-------+-------+-------+--------
+-----+ +-----+
| PDP |-------+ | PDP |
+-----+ | ................... +-----+
| : : |
+--------+ : Transit : +-------+
+----| Router |------: Network : -------| Router|--+
| +--------+ : : +-------+ |
| | :.................: | |
| | | |
Host A B C D
________________ Policy server
| | ______
| Network Node | | |------------->
| _____ | | | May use LDAP,SNMP,.. for accessing
| | | | | | policy database, authentication,etc.
| | PEP |<-----|------->| PDP |------------->
| |_____| | |_____|
| |
|________________|
________________ ____________________
| | | |
| Network Node | Policy Server | Network Node |
| _____ | _____ | _____ _____ |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | PEP |<-----|---->| PDP | | | PEP |<-->| PDP | |
| |_____| | |_____| | |_____| |_____| |
| ^ | | |
| | _____ | |____________________|
| \-->| | |
| | LPDP| |
| |_____| |
| |
|________________|
______________________________
| |
| Router |
| ________ _____ | _____
| | | | | | | |
| | RSVP |<------->| PEP |<--|---------->| PDP |
| |________| |_____| | |_____|
| ^ |
| | Traffic control |
| | _____________ |
| \---->| _________ | |
| | |capacity | | |
| | | ADM CTL | | |
| | |_________| | |
--|----------->| ____ ____ | |
| Data | | PC | PS | | |
| | |____|____| | |
| |_____________| |
| |
|______________________________|
AD-1 AD-2 AD-3
________________/\_______________ __/\___ __/\___
{ } { } { }
A B C D E
+-------+ +-----+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| RSVP | | RSVP| | RSVP | | RSVP | | RSVP |
+----+ |-------| |-----| |-------| |-------| |-------|
| S1 |--| P | L |--| |----| P | L |----| P | P |----| P | +----+
+----+ | E | D | +-----+ | E | D | | E | D | | E |-| R1 |
| P | P | | P | P | | P | P | | P | +----+
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
^ ^ ^
| | |
| | |
| | +-------+
| | | PDP |
| +------+ | |-------|
+-------->| PDP |<------+ | |
|------| +-------+
| | PS-2
+------+
PS-1
1 2 3 4 32
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | | ... | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
1 2 3 4 5 8 32
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+ +---+---+
| l | s | | | sec_1 | ... | sec_n | ... | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+ +---+---+
1 4 up to 64
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | | | | | | ... | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+
1 4 5 8
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+
| s | | | | sec_1 | ... | sec_n |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+
LOOKUP FH=0x0, 0x81 <sec-index> "path"
----------->
<-----------
FH: length, status, {sec_1 sec_2 ... sec_n}
LOOKUP FH=0x0, 0x81 0x01 "/export"
----------->
<-----------
0x1c, 0x01, {0x3900 0x3901 0x3902 0x3903 0x3904 0x3905 0x3906}
LOOKUP FH=0x0, 0x81 0x08 "/export"
----------->
<-----------
0x0c, 0x00, {0x3907 0x3908 0x3909}
LOOKUP FH=0x0, "/export/home"
AUTH_SYS
----------->
<-----------
AUTH_TOOWEAK
LOOKUP FH=0x0, 0x81 0x01 "/export/home"
AUTH_SYS
----------->
<-----------
overloaded FH: length, status, {sec_1 sec_2 sec_3}
LOOKUP FH=0x0, "/export/home"
sec_n
----------->
<-----------
FH = 0x01
+0 (MSB) +1 (LSB)
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0: | |
/ SPECIFIER /
/ /
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+0 (MSB) +1 (LSB)
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0: | |
/ DETAIL /
/ /
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+0 (MSB) +1 (LSB)
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0: | |
/ CACHE-HDRS /
/ /
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+0 (MSB)
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0: | TIME |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0: | |
/ IDENTITY /
/ /
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
---------|--------------------------|-------------------------------
| User Plane | Control Plane
---------|--------------------------|--------------------------------
Services | IP | ILMI | UNI, PNNI
---------|--------------------------|----------|---------------------
AAL | AAL1, AAL2, AAL3/4, AAL5 | AAL5 | SAAL
---------|--------------------------|----------|---------------------
ATM | Cell Relay | OAM, RM
---------|--------------------------|--------------------------------
| Convergence |
Physical |--------------------------|--------------------------------
| Media |
---------|--------------------------|--------------------------------
|---------------------------|---------------------------|--------------|
| Higher Layer PDU | Padding (If needed) | Trailer |
|---------------------------|---------------------------|--------------|
|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|
| CPCS-UU | CPI | Length | CRC-32 |
|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|
/ 1 , t < ts
|
| ts + 2cL(ts-) - t
gi(t) | ----------------- , ts < t < ts + cL(ts-)
| cL(ts-)
|
\ 1 , t > ts + cL(ts-)
+--------+ ----------- +--------+
+---+ | ISP | ( IP ) | ISP | +---+
|CPE|-------| edge |-----( backbone ) -----| edge |------|CPE|
+---+ ATM | node | ( ) | node | ATM +---+
VCC +--------+ ----------- +--------+ VCC
10.1.1.0/30 +--------+ +--------+ 10.2.2.0/30
+---+ | ISP | IP tunnel | ISP | +---+
|CPE|-------| edge |<--------------------->| edge |-------|CPE|
+---+ stub | router | 10.9.9.4/30 | router | stub +---+
link +--------+ +--------+ link :
| ^ | | ^ :
| | | --------------- | | :
| | +----( )----+ | :
| | ( IP BACKBONE ) | :
| | ( ) | :
| | --------------- | :
| | | | :
| |IP tunnel +--------+ IP tunnel| :
| | | ISP | | :
| +---------->| edge |<----------+ :
| 10.9.9.8/30 | router | 10.9.9.12/30 :
backup| +--------+ backdoor:
link | | | link :
| stub link | | stub link :
| | | :
| +---+ +---+ :
+-------------|CPE| |CPE|.......................:
10.3.3.0/30 +---+ +---+ 10.4.4.0/30
10.0.0.1
+----+
|Host|----- LAC ------------- LNS 10.0.0.0/8
+----+ / +-----+ ( ) +-----+ ---------
/----| NAS |---( IP Backbone )---| GW |----( Corp. )
dial +-----+ ( ) +-----+ ( Network )
connection ------------- ---------
10.0.0.1
+----+
|Host|----- ------------- 10.0.0.0/8
+----+ / +-----+ ( ) +-----+ ---------
/----| NAS |---( IP Backbone )---| GW |----( Corp. )
dial +-----+ ( ) +-----+ ( Network )
connection ------------- ---------
<-------------- L2TP Tunnel -------------->
with LAC on host
<-------------- PPP Session --------------> LNS on gateway
___________
/ \
[IPv6 Host]---[SIIT]---------< IPv4 network>--[IPv4 Host]
| \___________/
(pool of IPv4 addresses)
___________ ___________
/ \ / \
[IPv6 Host]--< Dual network>--[SIIT]--< IPv4 network>--[IPv4 Host]
\___________/ | \___________/
(pool of IPv4 addresses)
[IPv6-B]-+
| +==============+
[IPv6-A]-+-[NAT-PT]---------| IPv4 network |--[IPv4-C]
| +==============+
(pool of v4 addresses)
[DNS]--+
| [DNS]------[DNS]-------[DNS]
[IPv6-B]-+ | |
| +==============+ |
[IPv6-A]-+----[NAT-PT]------| IPv4 network |--[IPv4-C]
| +==============+
(pool of v4 addresses)
"dual stack" "host6"
IPv4 TCP/ extension address translator IPv6
appli- IPv4 name mapper
cation resolver
| | | | | | |
<<Resolve an IPv4 address for "host6".>> | |
| | | | | | |
|------|------>| Query of 'A' records for "host6". | Name
| | | | | | | Server
| | |---------|-------|-----------|---------|--->|
| | | Query of 'A' records and 'AAAA' for "host6"
| | | | | | | |
| | |<--------|-------|-----------|---------|----|
| | | Reply only with 'AAAA' record. |
| | | | | | |
| | |<<Only 'AAAA' record is resolved.>> |
| | | | | | |
| | |-------->| Request one IPv4 address |
| | | | corresponding to the IPv6 address.
| | | | | | |
| | | |<<Assign one IPv4 address.>> |
| | | | | | |
| | |<--------| Reply with the IPv4 address.
| | | | | | |
| | |<<Create 'A' record for the IPv4 address.>>
| | | | | | |
|<-----|-------| Reply with the 'A' record. | |
| | | | | | |
"dual stack" "host6"
IPv4 TCP/ extension address translator IPv6
appli- IPv4 name mapper
cation resolver
| | | | | | |
<<Send an IPv4 packet to "host6".>>| | |
| | | | | | |
|======|=======|=========|======>| An IPv4 packet. |
| | | | | | |
| | | |<------| Request IPv6 addresses
| | | | | corresponding to the IPv4
| | | | | addresses. |
| | | | | | |
| | | |------>| Reply with the IPv6|
| | | | | addresses. |
| | | | | | |
| | | | |<<Translate IPv4 into IPv6.>>
| | | | | | |
| | |An IPv6 packet. |===========|========>|
| | | | | | |
| | | | <<Reply an IPv6 packet to
| | | | "dual stack".>> |
| | | | | | |
| | |An IPv6 packet. |<==========|=========|
| | | | | | |
| | | | |<<Translate IPv6 into IPv4.>>
| | | | | | |
|<=====|=======|=========|=======| An IPv4 packet. |
| | | | | | |
"dual stack" "host6"
IPv4 TCP/ extension address translator IPv6
appli- IPv4 name mapper
cation resolver
| | | | | | |
<<Receive data from "host6".>> | | |
| | | | | | |
| | |An IPv6 packet. |<==========|=========|
| | | | | | |
| | | |<------| Request IPv4 addresses
| | | | | corresponding to the IPv6
| | | | | addresses. |
| | | | | | |
| | | |------>| Reply with the IPv4|
| | | | | addresses. |
| | | | | | |
| | | | |<<Translate IPv6 into IPv4.>>
| | | | | | |
|<=====|=======|=========|=======| An IPv4 packet. |
| | | | | | |
<<Reply an IPv4 packet to "host6".>> | |
| | | | | | |
|======|=======|=========|======>| An IPv4 packet. |
| | | | | | |
| | | | |<<Translate IPv4 into IPv6.>>
| | | | | | |
| | |An IPv6 packet. |===========|========>|
| | | | | | |
+--------------+
| Transaction |
| signed by |
| submitter |
+--------------+
|
| 1
v
+---------------------+ 2
| Primary repository |---->+----------+
| identified by | | database |
| RPSL source |<----+----------+
+---------------------+ 3
|
| 4
v
+----------------+
| Redistributed |
| transaction |
+----------------+
+----------------+
| Redistributed |
| transaction |
+----------------+
|
| 1
v
+--------------------+ 2
| |---->+----------+
| Mirror repository | | database |
| |<----+----------+
+--------------------+ 3
|
| 4
v
+------------------+
|+----------------+|
|| Redistributed ||
|| transaction ||
|+----------------+|
| Optional |
| signature |
+------------------+
............ ................
. . +B+--> . *B+-->
. . / . / .
. * . + .
. <---+A*---+C+-> . <---+A+---*C+->
. + . . + .
. / . . / .
. zone X <-- . . zone X <-- .
.............. ..................
###########################
# Zone1 = Zone2 # ##### = large scope zone boundary
*E-----+--->A*-----+-x #
# | = v # ===== = Local Scope boundaries
# | ======*===*==#
# | = B F # ----> = path of ZAM originated by E
G*<-----+--->C*-> | ^ #
# v = <-+---+ # ABCDE = ZBRs
# D = Zone3 #
#######*################### * = boundary interface
+-----------+ +-----------+ +-------------+
| Zone 1 | | Zone 3 | | Zone 5 |
| +------+| | +------+ | .........|..
| |Zone 2|| | |Zone 4| | : Zone 6 | :
| +--A---+| | C | | D | :
+-----------+ +----+--B---+ +--------E----+ :
:..........:
#####*####========
# B # = ##### = non-convex scope boundary
# |->A* =
# | # = ===== = other scope boundaries
# | ####*####
# | E # ----> = path of B's ZCM
# v D*
# C # * = boundary interface
#####*############
=============#####*########
= Zone1 # A Zone2 # C = misconfigured router
= +---->*E v #
= | # B # ##### = leaky scope boundary
=======*=====#====*=======#
= D # | # ===== = other scope boundaries
= ^-----*C<--+ #
= Zone4 # Zone3 # ----> = path of ZAMs
=============##############
+---------------------------+
| PRESENCE SERVICE |
| |
+---------------------------+
^ |
| |
| v
+------------+ +------------+
| PRESENTITY | | WATCHER |
+------------+ +------------+
+----------------WATCHER---------------+
| |
| +----FETCHER---+ +--SUBSCRIBER--+ |
| | | | | |
| | +--POLLER--+ | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | +----------+ | | | |
| +--------------+ +--------------+ |
+--------------------------------------+
+---------------------------+
| PRESENCE SERVICE |
| P1 |
+---------------------------+
+------------+ +------------+
| P1->P2 | | P1 |
| PRESENTITY | | SUBSCRIBER |
+------------+ +------------+
+---------------------------+
| PRESENCE SERVICE |
| P1->P2 |
+---------------------------+
^
|P2
+------------+ +------------+
| P2 | | P1 |
| PRESENTITY | | SUBSCRIBER |
+------------+ +------------+
+---------------------------+
| PRESENCE SERVICE |
| P2 |
+---------------------------+
|P2
v
+------------+ +------------+
| P2 | | P1->P2 |
| PRESENTITY | | SUBSCRIBER |
+------------+ +------------+
+---------------------------+
| INSTANT MESSAGE SERVICE |
| |
+---------------------------+
^ |
| |
| v
+------------+ +---------------+
| SENDER | | INSTANT INBOX |
+------------+ +---------------+
+------------------------------------+
| PRESENCE INFORMATION |
+------------------------------------+
| +-------------------------------+
=>| PRESENCE TUPLE |
| +-------------------------------+
| | +-------------------------+
| =>| STATUS |
| | +-------------------------+
| | +-------------------------+
| =>| COMMUNICATION ADDRESS |
| | +-------------------------+
| | | +-----------------+
| | =>| CONTACT MEANS |
| | | +-----------------+
| | | +-----------------+
| | =>| CONTACT ADDRESS |
| | +-----------------+
| | +-------------------------+
| =>| OTHER MARKUP |
| +-------------------------+
| +-------------------------------+
=>| PRESENCE TUPLE |
| +-------------------------------+
| | +-------------------------+
| =>| STATUS |
| | +-------------------------+
| | +-------------------------+
| =>| COMMUNICATION ADDRESS |
| | +-------------------------+
| | | +-----------------+
| | =>| CONTACT MEANS |
| | | +-----------------+
| | | +-----------------+
| | =>| CONTACT ADDRESS |
| | +-----------------+
| | +-------------------------+
| =>| OTHER MARKUP |
| +-------------------------+
| +-------------------------------+
=>| PRESENCE TUPLE |
| +-------------------------------+
| ...
+---------------------------+
| PRESENCE SERVICE |
+---------------------------+
^ |
| PRESENCE PROTOCOL |
| v
+------------+ +------------+
| PRESENTITY | | WATCHER |
+------------+ +------------+
^ ^
| |
| |
o +--------------+ +-------------+ o
/|\ -->| PRESENCE UA | | WATCHER UA |<-- /|\
X +--------------+ +-------------+ X
+---------------------------+
| INSTANT MESSAGE SERVICE |
+---------------------------+
^ |
IM| INSTANT MESSAGE |IM
| PROTOCOL v
+------------+ +---------------+
| SENDER | | INSTANT INBOX |
+------------+ +---------------+
^ ^
| |
| |
o +-------------+ +------------------+ o
/|\ -->| SENDER UA | | INBOX UA |<-- /|\
X +-------------+ +------------------+ X
---------------------------------
| |
| Delivery Header |
| |
---------------------------------
| |
| GRE Header |
| |
---------------------------------
| |
| Payload packet |
| |
---------------------------------
--------------------------- LAN Media in a POP
| |
----- -----
|CR | |RS |
----- -----
/ | \
/ | \
C1 C2..Cn
-+-+-+-+-+- CHIMP -+-+-+-+-+-
| SIMIAN/ | ----------> * *
| MONKEY | * ZOO *
| | <---------- * *
-+-+-+-+-+- KEEPER -+-+-+-+-+-
/ \
/ \
IAMB-PENT / \ PAN
/ \
V V
-+-+-+-+-+- -+-+-+-+-+-
* * * *
* BARD * * CRITIC *
* * * *
-+-+-+-+-+- -+-+-+-+-+-
CODE DESCRIPTION
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | <Encrypted response following; see below>
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 | "You're reinventing the wheel."
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| 2 | "This will never, ever sell."
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| 3 | "Huh? I don't understand this at all."
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| 4 | "You forgot one little obscure reference from twenty years
| | ago that renders your whole idea null and void."
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| 5 | "Due to the number of submissions, we could not accept every
| | transcript."
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| 6 | "There aren't enough charts and graphs. Where is the color?"
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| 7 | "I'm cranky and decided to take it out on you."
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| 8 | "This is not in within the scope of what we are looking for."
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| 9 | "This is too derivative."
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|10 | "Your submission was received after the deadline. Try again
| | next year."
-------------------------------------------------------------------
+----------+ +------------------+
| PKCS #10 | | CMS "certs-only" |
+----------+--------------+ | message |
| | +------------------+------+
| Certificate Request | | |
| | | CMS Signed Data, |
| Subject Name | | no signerInfo |
| Subject Public Key Info | | |
| (K_PUB) | | signedData contains one |
| Attributes | | or more certificates in |
| | | the "certificates" |
+-----------+-------------+ | portion of the |
| signed with | | signedData. |
| matching | | |
| K_PRIV | | encapsulatedContentInfo |
+-------------+ | is empty. |
| |
+--------------+----------+
| unsigned |
+----------+
+----------------+ +----------------+
| CMS signedData | | CMS signedData |
| object | | object |
+----------------+--------+ +----------------+--------+
| | | |
| PKIData object | | ResponseBody object |
| | | |
| Sequence of: | | Sequence of: |
| <enrollment attribute>* | | <enrollment attribute>* |
| <certification request>*| | <CMS object>* |
| <CMS objects>* | | <other message>* |
| <other message>* | | |
| | | where * == zero or more |
| where * == zero or more | | |
| | | All certificates issued |
| Certificate requests | | as part of the response |
| are CRMF or PKCS#10 | | are included in the |
| objects. Attributes are | | "certificates" portion |
| (OID, ANY defined by | | of the signedData. |
| OID) pairs. | | Relevant CA certs and |
| | | CRLs can be included as |
+-------+-----------------+ | well. |
| signed (keypair | | |
| used may be pre-| +---------+---------------+
| existing or | | signed by the |
| identified in | | CA or an LRA |
| the request) | +---------------+
+-----------------+
Merchant Customer Care Provider resolves ----------
---------------------------------------------->| Merchant |
| Consumer disputes and problems |Cust.Care.|
| | Provider |
| ----------
|
Payment Handler accepts or makes ----------
| ------------------------------------------>| Payment |
| | Payment for Merchant | Handler |
| | ----------
v v
---------- Consumer makes purchases or obtains ----------
| Consumer |<--------------------------------------->| Merchant |
---------- refund from Merchant ----------
^
| Delivery Handler supplies goods or ----------
|---------------------------------------------->|Deliverer |
services for Merchant | Handler |
----------
CONSUMER MERCHANT
Generate first
IOTP Message
--- |
| | v
Process incoming | I | -------------
IOTP Message & <------------- | | ------------ | IOTP Message |
generate next IOTP | | -------------
Message | N |
| | |
v | |
------------- | T | Process incoming
| IOTP Message | -------------- | | -----------> IOTP Message &
------------- | | generate next
| E | IOTP Message
| | |
| | v
Process incoming | R | -------------
IOTP Message <------------- | | ------------ | IOTP Message |
generate last IOTP | | -------------
Message & stop | N |
| | |
v | |
------------- | E | Process last
| IOTP Message | -------------- | | -------------> incoming IOTP
------------- | | Message & stop
| | T | |
v | | v
STOP --- STOP
IOTP MESSAGE IOTP MESSAGE *
|-Trans Ref Block. ID=M1.1 |-Trans Ref Block.ID=C1.1*
| |-Trans Id Comp. ID = M1.2 ------------>| |-Trans Id Comp.
| | Copy Element | | ID=M1.2
| |-Msg Id Comp. ID = M1 | |-Msg Id Comp. ID=C1 *
| |
|-Signature Block. ID=M1.8 |-Signature Block.ID=C1.5*
| |-Sig Comp. ID=M1.15 ------------------>| |-Comp. ID=M1.15
| Copy Element |
|-Trading Block. ID=M1.3 |-Trading Block.ID=C1.2 *
| |-Comp. ID=M1.4 -------------------------->|-Comp. ID=M1.4
| | Copy Element |
| |-Comp. ID=M1.5 -------------------------->|-Comp. ID=M1.5
| | Copy Element |
| |-Comp. ID=M1.6 |-Comp. ID=C1.3 *
| |-Comp. ID=M1.7 |-Comp. ID=C1.4 *
|
|-Trading Block. ID=M1.9
|-Comp. ID=M1.10 * = new elements
|-Comp. ID=M1.11
|-Comp. ID=M1.12
|-Comp. ID=M1.13
IOTP MESSAGE IOTP MESSAGE
|-Trans Ref Block. ID=M1.1 Trans ID |-Trans RefBlock. ID=C1.1
| |-Trans Id Comp. ID = M1.2 <-Components-|->|-TransId Comp.ID=M1.2
| | must be | |
| |-Msg Id Comp. ID = M1 Identical | |-Msg Id Comp. ID=C1
| ^ |
|-Signature Block. ID=M1.8 | |-Signature Block.ID=C1.5
| |-Sig Comp. ID=M1.15 | | |-Comp. ID=M1.15
| AND |
|-Trading Block. ID=M1.3 | |-Trading Block. ID=C1.2
| |-Comp. ID=M1.4 | |-Comp. ID=M1.4
| | v |
| |-Comp. ID=M1.5 <-------- -ID Attribute |-Comp. ID=M1.5
| | and El Ref |
| |-Comp. ID=M1.6 values must |-Comp. ID=C1.3
| | match--------|--> El Ref=M1.5
| |-Comp. ID=M1.7 |-Comp. ID=C1.4
|
|-Trading Block. ID=M1.9
|-Comp. ID=M1.10
|-Comp. ID=M1.11
|-Comp. ID=M1.12
|-Comp. ID=M1.13
IOTP Message Signature Id = P1.3
|-Trans Ref Block digest TransRefBlk |-Manifest
| | ID=P1.1-----------------------------|->|-Digest of P1.1--
| |-Trans Id Comp digest TransIdComp | | |
| | ID = M1.2----------------------------|->|-Digest of M1.2--|
| |-Msg Id Comp. digest Signature | | |
| | ID = P1 -------------------|->|-Digest of M1.5--|
| | digest element | | |
|-Signatures Block | -----------------|->|-Digest of M1.7--|
| | ID=P1.2 | | digest element | | |
| |-Signature ID=P1.3 | | ---------------|->|-Digest of C1.4--|
| |-Signature ID=M1.5---- | | | | |
| |-Signature ID=P1.4 | | Points to | -RecipientInfo* |
| |-Certificate ID=M1.6<---|-|---------------|------CertRef=M1.6 |
| | | | Certs to use | Sig.ValueRef=P1.4 |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|-Trading Block. ID=P1.5 | | | v |
| |-Comp. ID=M1.7---------- | -Value* ID=P1.4: |
| | | JtvwpMdmSfMbhK<--
| |-Comp. ID=P1.6 | r1Ln3vovbMQttbBI
| | | J8pxLjoSRfe1o6k
| |-Comp. ID=C1.4------------ OGG7nTFzTi+/0<-
| |-Comp. ID=C1.5
Digital signature of Manifest element
using certificate identified by CertRef
TPO SELECTION BLOCK TPO BLOCK IOTPSIGNATURE BLOCK
| (Offer Response)
Brand Selection Organisation<--- |------Signature
Component Component | | Component
| | | -Manifest
|BrandList -Trading Role | |
| Ref Element | Originator |-Orig.
v (Merchant) ------------|--Info
Brand List Ref |
>Component |
| |-Protocol ------> Organisation Recipient |-Recipient
| | Amount Elem | Component <------------------|--Info
| | | | | Refs |
| |Pay|Protocol |Action -Trading Role |
| | | Ref |OrgRef Element |
| | v | (Payment Handler) |
| -PayProtocol-- |
| Elem ->Organisation Recipient |-Recipient
| | Component <--------------------Info
| | | Refs
| | -Trading Role
| | Element
| | (Delivery Handler
|
| OFFER RESPONSE BLOCK
| |
|BrandListRef |ActionOrgRef
| |
--Payment ---Delivery
Component Component
*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*
Start
|
v
Brand List<--------------------------+-----------Payment
Component BrandListRef | Component
| |
|-Brand<-------------------------- |
| Element BrandRef | |
| | Brand Selection
| |Protocol Component
| | AmountRefs | |
| v Protocol | |
|-Protocol Amount<---------------- |
| Element---------- AmountRef |
| | | |
| |Currency |Pay |
| | AmountRefs |Protocol |
| v |Ref |
|-Currency Amount | |
| Element<---------|----------------
| |
-PayProtocol<-----
Element---------------------->Organisation
Action Component
OrgRef |
-Trading Role
Element
(Payment Handler)
IOTP MESSAGE <----------- IOTP Message - an XML Document
| which is transported between the
| Trading Roles
|-Trans Ref Block <----- Trans Ref Block - contains
| | information which describes the
| | IOTP Transaction and the IOTP
Message.
--------> | |-Trans Id Comp. <--- Transaction Id Component -
| | | uniquely identifies the IOTP
| | | Transaction. The Trans Id
| | | Components are the same across
| | | all IOTP messages that comprise
| | | a single IOTP transaction.
| | |-Msg Id Comp. <----- Message Id Component -
| | identifies and describes an IOTP
| | Message within an IOTP
| | Transaction
| |-Signature Block <----- Signature Block (optional) -
| | | contains one or more Signature
| | | Components and their associated
| | | Certificates
| ---> | |-Signature Comp. <-- Signature Component - contains
| | | | digital signatures. Signatures
| | | | may sign digests of the Trans Ref
| | | | Block and any Trading Component
| | | | in any IOTP Message in the same
| | | | IOTP Transaction.
| | | |-Certificate Comp. <- Certificate Component. Used to
| | | check the signature.
Trading |-Trading Block <-------- Trading Block - an XML Element
Components | |-Trading Comp. within an IOTP Message that
| | | |-Trading Comp. contains a predefined set of
| ---> | |-Trading Comp. Trading Components
| | |-Trading Comp.
| | |-Trading Comp. <----- Trading Components - XML
| | Elements within a Trading Block
| |-Trading Block that contain a predefined set of
--------> | |-Trading Comp. XML elements and attributes
| |-Trading Comp. containing information required
| |-Trading Comp. to support a Trading Exchange
| |-Trading Comp.
| |-Trading Comp.
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
| ProtocolAmountRefs
|-Brand Element-----------------------------
| | |
| - Protocol Brand Element-------- |
| | |
| ProtocolId| |
| | |
|-Protocol Amount Element<----------+-------
| | | |
| | | |
| |CurrencyAmountRefs |Pay |
| | |Protocol |
| v |Ref |
|-Currency Amount Element | |
| Element | |
| | |
-PayProtocolElement<------<--------
IOTP MESSAGE <-----------IOTP Message - an XML Document
| which is transported between the
| Trading Roles
|-Trans Ref Block <----- Trans Ref Block - contains
| | information which describes the
| | IOTP Transaction and the IOTP
| | Message.
| |-Trans Id Comp. <--- Transaction Id Component -
| | uniquely identifies the IOTP
| | Transaction. The Trans Id
| | Components are the same across
| | all IOTP messages that comprise a
| | single IOTP transaction.
| |-Msg Id Comp. <----- Message Id Component - identifies
| and describes an IOTP Message
| within an IOTP Transaction
|-Signature Block <----- Signature Block (optional) -
| | contains one or more Signature
| | Components and their associated
| | Certificates
| |-Signature Comp. <-- Signature Component - contains
| | digital signatures. Signatures
| | may sign digests of the Trans Ref
| | Block and any Trading Component
| | in any IOTP Message in the same
| | IOTP Transaction.
| |-Certificate Comp. <-Certificate Component. Used to
| check the signature. (Optional)
------> |-Trading Block <--------Trading Block - an XML Element
| | |-Trading Comp. within an IOTP Message that
Trading | |-Trading Comp. contains a predefined set of
Blocks | |-Trading Comp. Trading Components
| | |-Trading Comp.
| | |-Trading Comp. <-----Trading Components - XML Elements
| | within a Trading Block that
------> |-Trading Block contain a predefined set of XML
| |-Trading Comp. elements and attributes
| |-Trading Comp. containing information required
| |-Trading Comp. to support a Trading Exchange
| |-Trading Comp.
| |-Trading Comp.
|
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
START -----------------------------------------------------
| v
| ----------------
| | AUTHENTICATION |
| ----------------
-------------------------------------- | |
| | | |
| -------------- | ------------- |
v v v v |
------------------- ----------------- |
| BRAND INDEPENDENT | | BRAND DEPENDENT | |
| OFFER | | OFFER | |
------------------- ----------------- |
| | | | |
| --------------- | | |
| | | | |
| -------------- | -- | |
v v v v |
--------- -------------- |
| PAYMENT | | PAYMENT WITH | |
| (first) | | DELIVERY | |
--------- -------------- |
| | |
----------------------------- | |
v v | | |
---------- --------- | | |
| DELIVERY | | PAYMENT | | | |
| | | {second)| | | |
---------- --------- | | |
| | | | v
----------------------------------------------> STOP
START -------------------------------------------------------
v
----------------
| AUTHENTICATION |
----------------
|
|
|
|
------------------- ----------------- |
| BRAND INDEPENDENT | | BRAND DEPENDENT | |
| OFFER | | OFFER | |
------------------- ----------------- |
|
|
|
|
|
--------- -------------- |
| PAYMENT | | PAYMENT WITH | |
| (first) | | DELIVERY | |
--------- -------------- |
|
|
|
---------- --------- |
| DELIVERY | | PAYMENT | |
| | | {second)| |
---------- --------- |
v
STOP
START -----------------------------------------------------
| v
| ----------------
| | AUTHENTICATION |
| ----------------
-------------------------------------- |
| | |
| -------------- | -------------
v v v v
------------------- -----------------
| BRAND INDEPENDENT | | BRAND DEPENDENT |
| OFFER | | OFFER |
------------------- -----------------
| |
| |
| |
| -------------------
v v
--------- --------------
| PAYMENT | | PAYMENT WITH |
| (first) | | DELIVERY |
--------- --------------
|
----------------
|
---------- --------- |
| DELIVERY | | PAYMENT | |
| | | {second)| |
---------- --------- |
|
-----------------> STOP
START -----------------------------------------------------
| v
| ----------------
| | AUTHENTICATION |
| ----------------
-------------------------------------- | |
| | | |
| -------------- | ------------- |
v v v v |
------------------- ----------------- |
| BRAND INDEPENDENT | | BRAND DEPENDENT | |
| OFFER | | OFFER | |
------------------- ----------------- |
| | | | |
| --------------- | | |
| | | | |
| -------------- | -- | |
v v v v |
--------- -------------- |
| PAYMENT | | PAYMENT WITH | |
| (first) | | DELIVERY | |
--------- -------------- |
| | |
----------------------------- | |
v | | |
---------- --------- | | |
| DELIVERY | | PAYMENT | | | |
| | | {second)| | | |
---------- --------- | | |
| | | v
----------------------------------------------> STOP
START -----------------------------------------------------
| v
| ----------------
| | AUTHENTICATION |
| ----------------
-------------------------------------- |
| | |
| -------------- | -------------
v v v v
------------------- -----------------
| BRAND INDEPENDENT | | BRAND DEPENDENT |
| OFFER | | OFFER |
------------------- -----------------
| |
| |
| |
| -------------------
v v
--------- --------------
| PAYMENT | | PAYMENT WITH |
| (first) | | DELIVERY |
--------- --------------
|
----------------
|
---------- --------- |
| DELIVERY | | PAYMENT | |
| | | {second)| |
---------- --------- |
|
-----------------> STOP
START -----------------------------------------------------
| v
| ----------------
| | AUTHENTICATION |
| ----------------
-------------------------------------- |
| | |
| -------------- | -------------
v v v v
------------------- -----------------
| BRAND INDEPENDENT | | BRAND DEPENDENT |
| OFFER | | OFFER |
------------------- -----------------
| |
| |
| |
| -------------------
v v
--------- --------------
| PAYMENT | | PAYMENT WITH |
| (first) | | DELIVERY |
--------- --------------
|
----------------
|
---------- --------- |
| DELIVERY | | PAYMENT | |
| | | {second)| |
---------- --------- |
|
-----------------> STOP
START -----------------------------------------------------
| v
| ----------------
| | AUTHENTICATION |
| ----------------
-------------------------------------- |
| | |
| -------------- | -------------
v v v v
------------------- -----------------
| BRAND INDEPENDENT | | BRAND DEPENDENT |
| OFFER | | OFFER |
------------------- -----------------
| |
| |
| |
| -------------------
v v
--------- --------------
| PAYMENT | | PAYMENT WITH |
| (first) | | DELIVERY |
--------- --------------
|
----
v
---------- ---------
| DELIVERY | | PAYMENT |
| | | {second)|
---------- ---------
|
-----------------------------> STOP
Signature generated IotpMsg (TPO)
by Merchant ensures - Trans Ref Block
integrity of the Offer --------> - - Signature Block
| - TPO Block MERCHANT
| - Offer Response Block
|
Signature generated by |
the Payment Handler of | IotpMsg (Pay Resp 1)
the first payment binds | - Trans Ref Block PAYMENT
Pay Receipt for the first -----> -> - Signature Block ----- HANDLER
payment to the Offer - Pay Response Block 1 | 1
|
Signature generated by |
the Payment Handler of IotpMsg (Pay Resp 2) | PAYMENT
the second payment binds - Trans Ref Block | HANDLER
the second payment to the -----> - Signature Block <------ 2
first payment and therefore - Pay Response Block 2
to the Offer
START
|
v
Auth Request Block in =TRUE
first IOTP Message ? ---------------------------------------
| = FALSE |
v v
Offer Response Block in ----------------
first IOTP Message ? | AUTHENTICATION |
|=TRUE |=FALSE ----------------
| | |
| | v
| ---------------------- TPO & Offer Response
------------- | Blocks in last IOTP Msg
| | |=TRUE |=FALSE
| | | v
| ------------- | ---- TPO Block only if
| | | last IOTP Message
| | | of Authentication
| | | |=TRUE |=FALSE
v v v v |
------------------- ----------------- |
| BRAND INDEPENDENT | | BRAND DEPENDENT | |
| OFFER | | OFFER | |
------------------- ----------------- |
| | |
v v |
Offer Response Block contains |
Delivery Component ? |
|=FALSE |=TRUE |
--- v |
| Value of DelivAndPayResp |
| attribute of Delivery Component ? |
| |=FALSE |=TRUE |
| | | |
v v v |
--------- -------------- |
| PAYMENT | | PAYMENT WITH | |
| (first) | | DELIVERY | |
--------- -------------- |
| | |
v | |
Offer and Response Block contains -------------->|
Delivery Component ? |
|=TRUE |=FALSE |
| v |
| Two Payment Components |
| present in Offer Response Block? |
| |=TRUE |=FALSE |
v v | |
---------- --------- | |
| DELIVERY | | PAYMENT | | |
| | | {second)| | |
---------- --------- | |
| | | v
----------------------------------------------> STOP
+-------+ +-------+
Signaling | | | |
-----------+ MGC + | AAA |
| | | |
+---+---+ +--+----+
| |
Megaco|_______________|
|
|
+---+---+ ~~|~~~
Bearer | | ( )
-----------+ NAS +-------( IP )
| | ( )
+-------+ ~~~~~~
+-------+ +-----+ +------+ +-----+ +--------+
|Router | | Host| | DSBM | | Host| | Router |
| R2 | | C | +------+ | B | | R3 |
+-------+ +-----+ / +-----+ +--------+
| | / | |
| | / | |
==============================================================LAN
| |
| |
+------+ +-------+
| Host | | Router|
| A | | R1 |
+------+ +-------+
+-----------+
+--<--------------<-|DetectDSBM |---->------+
| +-----------+ |
| |
| |
| |
| +-------------+ +---------+ |
+->---| Idle |--<>---|ElectDSBM|--<--+
+-------------+ +---------+
| |
| |
| |
| +-----------+ |
+<<- +---| IAMDSBM |-<-+
| +-----------+
|
| +-----------+
+>>-| SHUTDOWN |
+-----------+
IPv4 LAN_NHOP_L3 object: class =163, C-Type = 1
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| Length = 8 | 163 | 1 |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| IPv4 NHOP address |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
IPv6 LAN_NHOP_L3 object: class =163, C-Type = 2
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| Length = 20 | 163 | 2 |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| IPv6 NHOP address (16 bytes) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
IPv4 DSBM IP ADDRESS object: class = 42, C-Type =1
0 1 2 3
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| IPv4 DSBM IP Address |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| |
+ +
| |
+ IPv6 DSBM IP Address +
| |
+ +
| |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
0 1 2 3
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| /// | /// | /// | SBM priority |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
+---------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+
| /// | /// | DeadInterval | RefreshInterval|
+---------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+
0 1 2 3
+---------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+
| NonResvSendLimit(limit on traffic allowed to send without RESV)|
| |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+
+-----------------------------+
| +-------+ +-------+ | RSVP
| |Appli- | | RSVP <------------------->
| | cation<--> | |
| | | |process| +-----+|
| +-+-----+ | +->Polcy||
| | +--+--+-+ |Cntrl||
| |data | | +-----+|
|===|===========|==|==========|
| | +--------+ | +-----+|
| | | | +--->Admis||
| +-V--V-+ +---V----+ |Cntrl||
| |Class-| | Packet | +-----+|
| | ifier|==>Schedulr|===================>
| +------+ +--------+ | data
+-----------------------------+
from IP from RSVP
+----|------------|------------+
| +--V----+ +---V---+ |
| | Addr <---> | | SBM signaling
| |mapping| |Request|<----------------------->
| +---+---+ |Module | |
| | | | |
| +---+---+ | | |
| | 802 <---> | |
| | header| +-+-+-+-+ |
| +--+----+ / | | |
| | / | | +-----+ |
| | +-----+ | +->|Band-| |
| | | | |width| |
| +--V-V-+ +-----V--+ |Alloc| |
| |Class-| | Packet | +-----+ |
| | ifier|==>Schedulr|=========================>
| +------+ +--------+ | data
+------------------------------+
to RSVP to IP
^ ^
+----|------------|------+
| +--+----+ | |
SBM signaling | |Request| +---+---+ |
<-------------> |Module | | Strip | |
| +--+---++ |802 hdr| |
| | \ +---^---+ |
| +--v----+\ | |
| | Band- | \ | |
| | width| \ | |
| | Alloc | . | |
| +-------+ | | |
| +------+ +v---+----+ |
data | |Class-| | Packet | |
<==============>| ifier|==>|Scheduler| |
| +------+ +---------+ |
+------------------------+
+-------------------------------+
SBM signaling | +-----+ +------+ +------+ | SBM signaling
<------------------>| IN |<->| SBM |<->| OUT |<---------------->
| | SBM | | prop.| | SBM | |
| +-++--+ +---^--+ /----+-+ |
| / | | / | |
______________| / | | | | +-------------+
| \ /+--V--+ | | +--V--+ / |
| \ ____/ |Local| | | |Local| / |
| \ / |Admis| | | |Admis| / |
| \/ |Cntrl| | | |Cntrl| / |
| +-----V+\ +-----+ | | +-----+ /+-----+ |
| |traff | \ +---+--+ +V-------+ / |egrss| |
| |class | \ |Filter| |Queue & | / |traff| |
| |map & |=====|==========>|Data- |=| Packet |=|===>|class| |
| |police| | | base| |Schedule| | |map | |
| +------+ | +------+ +--------+ | +-+---+ |
+----^---------+-------------------------------+------|------+
data in | |data out
========+ +========>
DATA-STREAM (FROM PPP) IN (FROM SDL FRAMER)
| |
v |
XOR<-------------------------+ +->D0-+->D1-> ... ->D41->D42-+
| | | |
+->D0-+->D1-> ... ->D41->D42-+ XOR<-------------------------+
| |
v v
OUT (TO SDL FRAMER) DATA-STREAM (TO PPP)
+----XOR<--------------XOR<---XOR<----------------+
| ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | |
+->D0-+->D1-> ... ->D26-+->D27-+->D28-> ... ->D47-+
|
v
OUT
Outgoing Corporate Departmental
Proxy Server Server
_______ Outgoing proxy contacts _______ _______
| | corporate server | | | |
| | -------------------------> | | ---------> | |
|_____| |_____| |_____|
Route 1 ^ \Searches
/ \ for
Sends to/ \ User
proxy / _|
_______ _______
| | Route 2 | |
| | ---------------------------------------------------> | |
|_____| Originator directly contacts destination |_____|
204.69.207.0/24
host <----- router <--- Internet <----- router <-- attacker
TCP/SYN
<---------------------------------------------
Source: 192.168.0.4/32
SYN/ACK
no route
TCP/SYN
<---------------------------------------------
Source: 10.0.0.13/32
SYN/ACK
no route
TCP/SYN
<---------------------------------------------
Source: 172.16.0.2/32
SYN/ACK
no route
11.0.0.0/8
/
router 1
/
/
/ 204.69.207.0/24
ISP <----- ISP <---- ISP <--- ISP <-- router <-- attacker
A B C D 2
/
/
/
router 3
/
12.0.0.0/8
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - -+
| An Attack: | |Counter- | | A System Resource: |
| i.e., A Threat Action | | measure | | Target of the Attack |
| +----------+ | | | | +-----------------+ |
| | Attacker |<==================||<========= | |
| | i.e., | Passive | | | | | Vulnerability | |
| | A Threat |<=================>||<========> | |
| | Agent | or Active | | | | +-------|||-------+ |
| +----------+ Attack | | | | VVV |
| | | | | Threat Consequences |
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - -+
Service Critical Evidence Evidence Archive . Evidence
Request => Action => Stored => Is => Evidence . Is
Is Made Occurs For Later Tested In Case . Verified
and Use | ^ Critical . ^
Evidence v | Action Is . |
Is +-------------------+ Repudiated . |
Generated |Verifiable Evidence|------> ... . ----+
+-------------------+
Event encoding (decimal)
_________________________
0--9 0--9
* 10
# 11
A--D 12--15
Flash 16
Procedure indications
___________________________________________________
V.25 and V.8 ANS
V.25, echo canceller disabled ANS, /ANS, ANS, /ANS
V.8 ANSam
V.8, echo canceller disabled /ANSam
Event encoding (decimal)
___________________________________________________
Answer tone (ANS) 32
/ANS 33
ANSam 34
/ANSam 35
Calling tone (CNG) 36
V.21 channel 1, "0" bit 37
V.21 channel 1, "1" bit 38
V.21 channel 2, "0" bit 39
V.21 channel 2, "1" bit 40
CRdi 41
CRdr 42
CRe 43
ESi 44
ESr 45
MRdi 46
MRdr 47
MRe 48
CT 49
Event encoding (decimal)
_____________________________________________
Off Hook 64
On Hook 65
Dial tone 66
PABX internal dial tone 67
Special dial tone 68
Second dial tone 69
Ringing tone 70
Special ringing tone 71
Busy tone 72
Congestion tone 73
Special information tone 74
Comfort tone 75
Hold tone 76
Record tone 77
Caller waiting tone 78
Call waiting tone 79
Pay tone 80
Positive indication tone 81
Negative indication tone 82
Warning tone 83
Intrusion tone 84
Calling card service tone 85
Payphone recognition tone 86
CPE alerting signal (CAS) 87
Off-hook warning tone 88
Ring 89
Event encoding (decimal)
___________________________________________________
Acceptance tone 96
Confirmation tone 97
Dial tone, recall 98
End of three party service tone 99
Facilities tone 100
Line lockout tone 101
Number unobtainable tone 102
Offering tone 103
Permanent signal tone 104
Preemption tone 105
Queue tone 106
Refusal tone 107
Route tone 108
Valid tone 109
Waiting tone 110
Warning tone (end of period) 111
Warning Tone (PIP tone) 112
Event encoding (decimal)
__________________________________________________
MF 0... 9 128...137
MF K0 or KP (start-of-pulsing) 138
MF K1 139
MF K2 140
MF S0 to ST (end-of-pulsing) 141
MF S1... S3 142...143
ABCD signaling (see below) 144...159
Wink 160
Wink off 161
Incoming seizure 162
Seizure 163
Unseize circuit 164
Continuity test 165
Default continuity tone 166
Continuity tone (single tone) 167
Continuity test send 168
Continuity verified 170
Loopback 171
Old milliwatt tone (1000 Hz) 172
New milliwatt tone (1004 Hz) 173
Tone name frequency on period off period
______________________________________________________
CNG 1100 0.5 3.0
V.25 CT 1300 0.5 2.0
CED 2100 3.3 --
ANS 2100 3.3 --
ANSam 2100*15 3.3 --
V.21 "0" bit, ch. 1 1180 0.00333
V.21 "1" bit, ch. 1 980 0.00333
V.21 "0" bit, ch. 2 1850 0.00333
V.21 "1" bit, ch. 2 1650 0.00333
ITU dial tone 425 -- --
U.S. dial tone 350+440 -- --
______________________________________________________
ITU ringing tone 425 0.67--1.5 3--5
U.S. ringing tone 440+480 2.0 4.0
ITU busy tone 425
U.S. busy tone 480+620 0.5 0.5
______________________________________________________
ITU congestion tone 425
U.S. congestion tone 480+620 0.25 0.25
31 23 15 7 0
+---------------+---------------+-------+-------+---------------+
| Mode Byte | 00 | 0 | X | XX |
+---------------+---------------+-------+-------+---------------+
| ULA byte 0 | ULA byte 1 | ULA byte 2 | ULA byte 3 |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| ULA byte 4 | ULA byte 5 |
+---------------+---------------+
31 23 15 7 0
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
|ULA byte 0 |L|G| ULA byte 1 | ULA byte 2 | ULA byte 3 |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| ULA byte 4 | ULA byte 5 |
+---------------+---------------+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| DSCP | 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| PHB id code | 0 0 X 1 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
#=======================================================#
# +----------------- - - - -----------------+ #
# | Module 1 [1] . . . [i] | #
# +----------------- - - - -----------------+ #
# o o o #
# +---------------------- - - - --------+ #
# | Module M [1] . . . [n] | #
# +---------------------- - - - -----^--+ #
#=====================================|=================#
|
One or more NxPorts { [1] . . . [L] }<-+
- - - - - - - - -
where "i", "n", "M" and "L" are some arbitrary sample integer values,
and "L" must be less than 127.
Level 40
+---------------------------+
| |
| |
| @ ---- @ ---- @ |
| | | |
+----- | ----------- | -----+
| |
Level 60 | |
+------------- | ---+ +-- | --------------+
| | | | | |
R1* ------#-P1------@ | | @---------P3-#------- * R3
| | | | | |
R2* ------#-P2------+ | | +---------P4-#------- * R4
| | | |
+-------------------+ +-------------------+
AS101 DMZ AS100
######### ##########
# #
| # | # |
+-- R1 ---------+ # R4 --+
| # | # |
| # | BGP4 on # OSPF on |
| OSPF on # | subnet # subnet |
| subnet # | 1.1/16 # 1.1.2/24 |
| 1.1.1/24 # | # |
| # +------------------- R3 --+
+-- R2 # | # |
| # #
######### ##########
__________ _________
| | | |
| OSPF |<-------------------|Proxy-PAR|<---(Proxy-PAR query)
|__________| notify | client |
^ neighbor changes |_________|
| |
send and | | maintain Proxy-PAR
receive | | entries in table
OSPF msg | |
| |
| |
____V____ ____V_____
| ATM | | |
| circuit |-------------------->|IP to NSAP|
| manager | check | table |
|_________| IP to NSAP bindings |__________|
+ + +
| +---+ | |
+--+ |---|RTA|---| +-------+ | +--+
|H1|---| +---+ | | ATM | |---|H2|
+--+ | | +---+ | Cloud | +---+ | +--+
|LAN Y |---|RTB|-------------|RTC|---|
+ | +---+ | PPAR | +---+ |
+ +-------+ +
Confidentiality Integrity
31 (MSB) 16 15 (LSB) 0
-------------------------------|-------------------------------
| TS(5) | U(3) | IA(4) | MA(4) | TS(5) | U(3) | IA(4) | MA(4) |
-------------------------------|-------------------------------
/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\
___________ \ __/___ ___\_ \
| PINT | PINT \ PINT | PINT | |Exec| Telephone /
| client |<-------------->| server |gatewy|=====|Syst| Network \
|_________| protocol / cloud |______| |____| Cloud /
\ \ / \
/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/
Code Len Type Client-Identifier
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 61 | 9 | 27 | EUI-64 (node unique ID) |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
0 7 15 23 31
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| AFI | Res. | SAFI |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
========================================================================
|Initially: |
| |
| AVG_INTERVAL = a constant; |
| avg-rate = CTR; |
| t-front = 0; |
| |
|Upon each packet's arrival, the rate estimator updates its variables: |
| |
| Bytes_in_win = avg-rate * AVG_INTERVAL; |
| New_bytes = Bytes_in_win + pkt_size; |
| avg-rate = New_bytes/( now - t-front + AVG_INTERVAL); |
| t-front = now; |
| |
|Where: |
| now = The time of the current packet arrival |
| pkt_size = The packet size in bytes of the arriving packet |
| avg-rate = Measured Arrival Rate of traffic stream |
| AVG_INTERVAL = Time window over which history is kept |
| |
| |
| Figure 2. Example Rate Estimator Algorithm |
| |
========================================================================
===================================================================
| avg-rate = Estimated Avg Sending Rate of Traffic Stream |
| |
| if (avg-rate <= CTR) |
| the packet is green; |
| else if (avg-rate <= PTR) AND (avg-rate > CTR) |
| (avg-rate - CTR) |
| calculate P0 = ---------------- |
| avg-rate |
| with probability P0 the packet is yellow; |
| with probability (1-P0) the packet is green; |
| else |
| (avg-rate - PTR) |
| calculate P1 = ---------------- |
| avg-rate |
| (PTR - CTR) |
| calculate P2 = ----------- |
| avg-rate |
| with probability P1 the packet is red; |
| with probability P2 the packet is yellow; |
| with probability (1-(P1+P2)) the packet is green; |
| |
| Figure 3. TSWTCM Marking Algorithm |
===================================================================
------ ------
| | | |
| M1 | TRIP TRIP | M2 |
| |\ | | /| |
------ \ | | / ------
\ \ / -------------- \ / /
------ \----| |----/ ------
| | | | | |
| M3 |--------| Clearinghouse|--------| M4 |
| | | | | |
------ /----| |----\ ------
/ -------------- \
------ / \ ------
| |/ \| |
| M5 | | M6 |
| | | |
------ ------
------ ------
| |------| |
| M1 | | M2 |
| |\ /| |
------ \ / ------
| \/ |
| /\ |<-----TRIP
------ / \ ------
| |/ \| |
| M3 | | M4 |
| |------| |
------ ------
------
| |
| M1 |
| |
------
/ \ <------- TRIP
------ ------
| | | |
| M2 | | M3 |
| | | |
------ ------
/ \ / \
------ ------ ------
| | | | | |
| M4 | | M5 | | M6 |
| | | | | |
------ ------ ------
ITAD1 ITAD2
----------------- ------------------
| | | |
| ---- | | ---- |
| | GW | | | | EU | |
| ---- \ ---- | | ---- / ---- |
| | LS | ---------------- | LS | |
| ---- ---- | / ---- \ ---- |
| | GW | / | /| | EU | |
| ---- | / | ---- |
| | / | |
------------------ / ------------------
/
/
--------- /----------
| | |
| ---- |
| | LS | |
| / ---- \ |
| ---- || ---- |
| | GW | || | EU | |
| ---- || ---- |
| ---- || ---- |
| | GW | / \ | EU | |
| ---- ---- |
| |
---------------------
ITAD3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| PRECEDENCE | TOS | MBZ |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| DSCP | CU |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+-----------+------------------+-------------------+
|Prefix len.| Address suffix | Prefix name |
| (1 octet) | (0..16 octets) | (0..255 octets) |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +----- Pass-Through header |
| | +--- Response data |
| | | +---- Start diagnostic information|
| | | | |
| +----------++----------++--------------------------------------- |
| | || || |
| 004912A090000560060020C0003D0000C9F9F0F2E3C1D9C7C5E34040D7C3D7D9 |
| | | T A R G E T P C P R |
| +------+ |
| Response Code (I902) |
| |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
| |
| C9D5E3C5D9400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 |
| I N T E R |
| |
| +------- End of diagnostic information |
| | |
| -----------------+ |
| | |
| 000000000000000000 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 1. Example of a success response record.
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +----- Pass-Through header |
| | +--- Response data |
| | | +---- Start diagnostic information|
| | | | |
| +----------++----------++--------------------------------------- |
| | || || |
| 004912A09000056006008200003D0000F8F9F0F2E3C1D9C7C5E34040D7C3D7D9 |
| | | T A R G E T P C P R |
| +------+ |
| Response Code (8902) |
| |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
| |
| C9D5E3C5D9400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 |
| I N T E R |
| |
| +------- End of diagnostic information |
| | |
| -----------------+ |
| | |
| 000000000000000000 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 2. Example of an error response record.
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +-- Length of structure (LLLL) |
| | |
| | +-- GDS identifier |
| | | |
| | | +-- Data flow record |
| | | | |
| | | | +-- Length of pass-through specific header (LL) |
| | | | | |
| | | | | +-- Flags |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | +-- Printer operation code |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | +-- Diagnostic field - zero pad to|
| | | | | | | | LL specified |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | +-- Printer data |
| | | | | | | | | |
| +--+ +--+ +--+ ++ +--+ ++ +----------+ +----------------+ |
| | | | | | | || | | || | | | | |
| xxxx 12A0 xxxx xx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxx ... print data ... |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 3. Layout of the printer pass-through header
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +-- Length of structure (LLLL) |
| | +-- GDS identifier |
| | | +-- Data flow record |
| | | | +-- Length of pass-through specific header (LL) |
| | | | | +-- Flags |
| | | | | | +-- Printer operation code |
| | | | | | | +-- Zero pad to LL specified (0A) |
| | | | | | | | +-- Printer data |
| | | | | | | | | |
| +--+ +--+ +--+ ++ +--+ ++ +----------+ +---------------------------|
| | | | | | | || | | || | | | |
| 0085 12A0 0101 0A 1800 01 000000000000 34C4012BD20345FF2BD2044C0002|
| |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| |
| 2BD2040D00002BD20A8501010201030204022BD20309022BD2061100014A |
| |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| |
| 402BD20601010000012BD306F60000FFFF2BD20A48000001000000010100 |
| |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| |
| 2BD10705000B0090012BD2044900F02BD206404A403DE02BD2041500F034 |
| |
| end of printer data |
| -------------------------+ |
| | |
| C4012BD10381FF002BC8034001 |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 4. Server sending client data with a print record
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +-- Length of structure (LLLL) |
| | +-- GDS identifier |
| | | +-- Data flow record |
| | | | +-- Length of pass-through specific header (LL) |
| | | | | +-- Flags |
| | | | | | +-- Printer operation code |
| | | | | | | |
| +--+ +--+ +--+ ++ +--+ ++ |
| | | | | | | || | | || |
| 000A 12A0 0102 04 0000 01 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 5. Client sending server a print complete record
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +-- Length of structure (LLLL) |
| | +-- GDS identifier |
| | | +-- Data flow record |
| | | | +-- Length of pass-through specific header (LL) |
| | | | | +-- Flags |
| | | | | | +-- Printer operation code |
| | | | | | | +-- Zero pad to LL specified (0A) |
| | | | | | | | +-- Printer data |
| | | | | | | | | |
| +--+ +--+ +--+ ++ +--+ ++ +----------+ ++ |
| | | | | | | || | | || | | || |
| 0011 12A0 0101 0A 0800 01 000000000000 00 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 6. Server sending client a null print record
E1 +--+ +--+ E3
------------| | | |------------
| | W1 | |
|B1|------------|B2|
E2 | | | | E4
------------| | | |------------
+--+ +--+
E1 +--+ W2 +--+ E3
------------|B3|------------|B4|------------
+--+ +--+
E2 +--+ W3 +--+ E4
------------|B5|------------|B6|------------
+--+ +--+
P(F)
P(F) = TRUE <- : -> P(F) = FALSE
:
+----------:----------+ This box represents some
| : | universe of fax documents (F)
| Included : Excluded | from which some acceptable subset
| : | is selected by the predicate P.
+----------:----------+
:
<------- T.30 bits --------->
15|16|31|36|37|68|69|73|78|79||Description
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++---------------------------------------
x| 0| 0| | | | | | 0| 0||Compression = [MH]
x| 1| 0| | | | | | 0| 0||Compression = [MH,MR]
x| 0| 1| | | | | | 0| 0||Compression = [MH,MMR]
x| 1| 1| | | | | | 0| 0||Compression = [MH,MR,MMR]
x| 0| 0| | | | | | 1| 0||Compression = [MH,T.85]
x| 1| 0| | | | | | 1| 0||Compression = [MH,MR,T.85]
x| 0| 1| | | | | | 1| 0||Compression = [MH,MMR,T.85]
x| 1| 1| | | | | | 1| 0||Compression = [MH,MR,MMR,T.85]
x| 0| 0| | | | | |*1| 1||Compression = [MH,T.85,T.85LO]
x| 1| 0| | | | | |*1| 1||Compression = [MH,MR,T.85,T.85LO]
x| 0| 1| | | | | |*1| 1||Compression = [MH,MMR,T.85,T.85LO]
x| 1| 1| | | | | |*1| 1||Compression = [MH,MR,MMR,T.85,T.85LO]
| | | | | | | | | ||MH = 1-D per T.4
| | | | | | | | | ||MR = 2-D per T.4
| | | | | | | | | ||MMR = 2-D per T.6
| | | | | | | | | ||T.85 = Basic JBIG per T.85
| | | | | | | | | ||T.85LO = Optional LO with T.85/JBIG
| | | | | | | | | ||(Basic JBIG is 128 lines/stripe; LO
| | | | | | | | | || allows other stripe sizes to be used)
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++---------------------------------------
<------- T.30 bits --------->
15|16|31|36|37|68|69|73|78|79||Description
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++---------------------------------------
x| | |*0| x| 0| x| x| | ||No grey or colour (no T.43 or JPEG)
*1| | | 0| x| 1| 0| x| | ||JPEG, grey scale only
*1| | | 0| x| 1| 1| 0| | ||JPEG, full colour, subsampling
*1| | | 0| x| 1| 1| 1| | ||JPEG, full colour, no subsampling
*1| | | 1| 0|*1| 0| x| | ||T.43, JPEG, grey only, stripe i/l
*1| | | 1| 1|*1| 0| x| | ||T.43, JPEG, grey only, plane i/l
*1| | | 1| 0|*1| 1| 0| | ||T.43, JPEG, colour, stripe i/l, s/s
*1| | | 1| 0|*1| 1| 1| | ||T.43, JPEG, colour, stripe i/l, no s/s
*1| | | 1| 1|*1| 1| 0| | ||T.43, JPEG, colour, plane i/l, s/s
*1| | | 1| 1|*1| 1| 1| | ||T.43, JPEG, colour, plane i/l, no s/s
| | | | | | | | | ||'s/s' is 4:1:1 L*:a*:b* subsampling
| | | | | | | | | ||'No s/s' is 1:1:1 L*:a*:b* subsampling
| | | | | | | | | ||'stripe i/l' is stripe interleave
| | | | | | | | | ||'plane i/l' is full-plane interleave
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++---------------------------------------
<---- T.30 bits ------>
15|92|93|94|95| | | ||Description
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++---------------------------------------
x| 0| 0| 0| x| | | ||MRC not accepted
*1| #| #| #| 0| | | ||MRC level, max strip 256 lines
*1| #| #| #| 1| | | ||MRC level, max strip full page
| | | | | | | ||### is MRC performance level (1-7, per T.44)
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++---------------------------------------
<------- T.30 bits ------>
15|41|42|43|44|45|68|97|98||Description
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
0| | | 0| x| x| | | ||Resolution = base only
| | | | | | | | ||
1| | | 0| 0| 0| | | ||Invalid
1| | | 0| 0| 1| | | ||Resolution = 8*3.85dpmm or 8*7.7dpmm
1| | | 0| 1| 0| | | ||Resolution = 200*100dpi or 200*200dpi
1| | | 0| 1| 1| | | ||Resolution = 8*3.85dpmm or 8*7.7dpmm
| | | | | | | | || or 200*100dpi or 200*200dpi
| | | | | | | | ||
0| | | 1| 0| 0| | | ||Invalid
0| | | 1| 0| 1| | | ||Resolution = 8*3.85dpmm or 16*15.4dpmm
0| | | 1| 1| 0| | | ||Resolution = 200*100dpi or 400*400dpi
0| | | 1| 1| 1| | | ||Resolution = 8*3.85dpmm or 16*15.4dpmm
| | | | | | | | || or 200*100dpi or 400*400dpi
| | | | | | | | ||
1| | | 1| 0| 0| | | ||Invalid
1| | | 1| 0| 1| | | ||Resolution = 8*3.85dpmm or 8*7.7dpmm
| | | | | | | | || or 16*15.4dpmm
1| | | 1| 1| 0| | | ||Resolution = 200*100dpi or 200*200dpi
| | | | | | | | || or 400*400dpi
1| | | 1| 1| 1| | | ||Resolution = 8*7.7dpmm or 8*7.7dpmm
| | | | | | | | || or 16*15.4dpmm
| | | | | | | | || or 200*100dpi or 200*200dpi
| | | | | | | | || or 400*400dpi
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
| 0| | | | | | | ||Resolutions as above
| 1| | | | | | | ||Also supports 8*15.4dpmm (bi-level only)
| | | | | | | | ||Independent of bits 44,45
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
| | 0| | | | | | ||Resolutions as above
| | 1| | | | | | ||Also supports 300*300dpi
| | | | | | | | ||Independent of bits 44,45
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
| | | | | | x| 0| ||Resolutions as above
| | | | | |*1| 1| ||Also 300*300dpi or 400*400dpi (see below)
| | | | | | | | ||(Applies colour, grey-scale or MRC mask)
| | | | | | | | ||(Valid only when bit 42 or 43 is set.)
| | | | | | | | ||(42 => 300dpi, 43=>400dpi)
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
| | | | | | x| | 0||Resolutions as above
| | | | | |*1| | 1||Also 100*100dpi
| | | | | | | | ||(Applies colour or grey-scale only)
| | | | | | | | ||(Independent of bits 44,45)
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
<------- T.30 bits --->
36|68|69|71|74|75| | ||Description
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
0| 0| x| | | | | ||No grey scale or colour
x| 1| 0| | | | | ||Grey scale only
0| 1| 1| | | | | ||Full colour capability (CIE L*a*b*)
1|*1| 1| | | | | ||Full and limited colour capability:
| | | | | | | || (CIE L*a*b*, palette, RGB 1 bit/colour
| | | | | | | || and CMY(K)1 bit/colour)
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
| 0| | x| | | | ||
| 1| | 0| | | | ||8 bits/pixel and up to 4096 palette entries
| 1| | 1| | | | ||8 or 12 bits/pixel, 65536 palette entries
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
| 0| | | x| | | ||
| 1| | | 0| | | ||CIE standard illuminant D50 (per T.42)
| 1| | | 1| | | ||Custom illuminants (definition provided)
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
| 0| | | | x| | ||
| 1| | | | 0| | ||Default gamut (per T.42)
| 1| | | | 1| | ||Custom gamuts (definition provided)
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
<---- T.30 bits ------>
17|18|19|20|76|77| | ||Description
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
0| 0| | | | | | ||Width = 215mm
1| 0| | | | | | ||Width = 215mm or 255mm
0| 1| | | | | | ||Width = 215mm, 255mm or 303mm
1| 1| | | | | | ||Invalid - interpret as (17=0,18=1)
| | | | | | | ||(measurements described as scan line length)
| | | | | | | ||(corresp. inch measurements: T.4 sect 2.2)
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
| | 0| 0| | | | ||Length = 297mm (A4)
| | 1| 0| | | | ||Length = 297mm (A4) or 364mm (B4)
| | 0| 1| | | | ||Length = unlimited
| | 1| 1| | | | ||Invalid
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
| | | | 0| 0| | ||Papersize = A4
| | | | 1| 0| | ||Papersize = A4 or NA-Letter
| | | | 0| 1| | ||Papersize = A4 or NA-Legal
| | | | 1| 1| | ||Papersize = A4 or NA-Letter or NA-Legal
| | | | | | | ||(These in addition to paper sizes implied
| | | | | | | || by bits 17-20 above)
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
<------- T.30 bits --------->
15|16|31|36|37|68|69|73|78|79||Feature set expression
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++---------------------------------------
x| 0| 0| | | | | | 0| 0||(& (color=binary)
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding=[MH]) )
x| 1| 0| | | | | | 0| 0||(& (color=binary)
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding=[MH,MR])
x| 0| 1| | | | | | 0| 0||(& (color=binary)
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding=[MH,MMR])
x| 1| 1| | | | | | 0| 0||(& (color=binary)
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding=[MH,MR,MMR])
x| 0| 0| | | | | | 1| 0||(& (color=binary)
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding=[MH,JBIG])
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding-constraint=JBIG-T85)
| | | | | | | | | || (JBIG-stripe-size=128) )
x| 1| 0| | | | | | 1| 0||(& (color=binary)
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding=[MH,MR,JBIG])
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding-constraint=JBIG-T85)
| | | | | | | | | || (JBIG-stripe-size=128) )
x| 0| 1| | | | | | 1| 0||(& (color=binary)
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding=[MH,MMR,JBIG])
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding-constraint=JBIG-T85)
| | | | | | | | | || (JBIG-stripe-size=128) )
x| 1| 1| | | | | | 1| 0||(& (color=binary)
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding=[MH,MR,MMR,JBIG])
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding-constraint=JBIG-T85)
| | | | | | | | | || (JBIG-stripe-size=128) )
x| 0| 0| | | | | |*1| 1||(& (color=binary)
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding=[MH,JBIG])
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding-constraint=JBIG-T85)
| | | | | | | | | || (JBIG-stripe-size>=0) )
x| 1| 0| | | | | |*1| 1||(& (color=binary)
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding=[MH,MR,JBIG])
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding-constraint=JBIG-T85)
| | | | | | | | | || (JBIG-stripe-size>=0) )
x| 0| 1| | | | | |*1| 1||(& (color=binary)
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding=[MH,MMR,JBIG])
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding-constraint=JBIG-T85)
| | | | | | | | | || (JBIG-stripe-size>=0) )
x| 1| 1| | | | | |*1| 1||(& (color=binary)
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding=[MH,MR,MMR,JBIG])
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding-constraint=JBIG-T85)
| | | | | | | | | || (JBIG-stripe-size>=0) )
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++---------------------------------------
<------- T.30 bits --------->
15|16|31|36|37|68|69|73|78|79||Feature set expression
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++---------------------------------------
x| | |*0| x| 0| x| x| | ||
*1| | | 0| x| 1| 0| x| | ||(& (color=grey)
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding=JPEG)
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding-constraint=JPEG-T4E) )
*1| | | 0| x| 1| 1| 0| | ||(& (color=[grey,full])
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding=JPEG)
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding-constraint=JPEG-T4E)
| | | | | | | | | || (& (color=full)
| | | | | | | | | || (color-subsampling="4:1:1") ) )
*1| | | 0| x| 1| 1| 1| | ||(& (color=[grey,full])
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding=JPEG)
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding-constraint=JPEG-T4E)
| | | | | | | | | || (& (color=full)
| | | | | | | | | || (color-subsampling=
| | | | | | | | | || ["1:1:1","4:1:1"]) ) )
*1| | | 1| 0|*1| 0| x| | ||(& (color=grey)
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding=[JPEG,JBIG])
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding-constraint=
| | | | | | | | | || [JPEG-T4E,JBIG-T43])
| | | | | | | | | || (image-interleave=stripe) )
*1| | | 1| 1|*1| 0| x| | ||(& (color=grey)
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding=[JPEG,JBIG])
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding-constraint=
| | | | | | | | | || [JPEG-T4E,JBIG-T43])
| | | | | | | | | || (image-interleave=[stripe,plane]) )
*1| | | 1| 0|*1| 1| 0| | ||(& (color=[limited,mapped,grey,full])
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding=[JPEG,JBIG])
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding-constraint=
| | | | | | | | | || [JPEG-T4E,JBIG-T43])
| | | | | | | | | || (& (color=full)
| | | | | | | | | || (color-subsampling="4:1:1"]) )
| | | | | | | | | || (image-interleave=stripe) )
*1| | | 1| 0|*1| 1| 1| | ||(& (color=[limited,mapped,grey,full])
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding=[JPEG,JBIG])
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding-constraint=
| | | | | | | | | || [JPEG-T4E,JBIG-T43])
| | | | | | | | | || (& (color=full)
| | | | | | | | | || (color-subsampling=
| | | | | | | | | || ["1:1:1","4:1:1"]) )
| | | | | | | | | || (image-interleave=stripe) )
*1| | | 1| 1|*1| 1| 0| | ||(& (color=[limited,mapped,grey,full])
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding=[JPEG,JBIG])
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding-constraint=
| | | | | | | | | || [JPEG-T4E,JBIG-T43])
| | | | | | | | | || (& (color=full)
| | | | | | | | | || (color-subsampling="4:1:1"]) )
| | | | | | | | | || (image-interleave=[stripe,plane]) )
*1| | | 1| 1|*1| 1| 1| | ||(& (color=[limited,mapped,grey,full])
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding=[JPEG,JBIG])
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding-constraint=
| | | | | | | | | || [JPEG-T4E,JBIG-T43])
| | | | | | | | | || (& (color=full)
| | | | | | | | | || (image-coding=JPEG)
| | | | | | | | | || (color-subsampling=
| | | | | | | | | || ["1:1:1","4:1:1"]) )
| | | | | | | | | || (image-interleave=[stripe,plane]) )
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++---------------------------------------
15|16|31|36|37|68|69|73|78|79||
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++---------------------------------------
<---- T.30 bits ------>
15|92|93|94|95| | | ||Feature set expression
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++---------------------------------------
x| 0| 0| 0| x| | | ||(MRC-mode=0)
*1| #| #| #| 0| | | ||(& (MRC-mode<=###)
| | | | | | | || (MRC-max-stripe-size=[0..256]) )
*1| #| #| #| 1| | | ||(& (MRC-mode<=###)
| | | | | | | || (MRC-max-stripe-size>=0) )
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++---------------------------------------
<------- T.30 bits ------>
15|41|42|43|44|45|68|97|98||Feature set expression
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
0| | | 0| | | | | ||(& (color=binary)
| | | | | | | | || (| (& (dpi=200) (dpi-xyratio=200/100) )
| | | | | | | | || (& (dpi=204)
| | | | | | | | || (dpi-xyratio=204/98) ) ) )
| | | | | | | | ||
1| | | 0| | | | | ||(| (& (color=binary)
| | | | | | | | || (| (& (dpi=204)
| | | | | | | | || (dpi-xyratio=204/98) )
| | | | | | | | || (& (dpi=204)
| | | | | | | | || (dpi-xyratio=204/196) )
| | | | | | | | || (& (dpi=200)
| | | | | | | | || (dpi-xyratio=200/100) ) ) )
| | | | | | | | || (& (dpi=200) (dpi-xyratio=1) ) )
0| | | 1| | | | | ||(| (& (color=binary)
| | | | | | | | || (| (& (dpi=204)
| | | | | | | | || (dpi-xyratio=204/98) )
| | | | | | | | || (& (dpi=408)
| | | | | | | | || (dpi-xyratio=408/391) )
| | | | | | | | || (& (dpi=200)
| | | | | | | | || (dpi-xyratio=200/100) ) ) )
| | | | | | | | || (& (dpi=400) (dpi-xyratio=1) ) )
1| | | 1| | | | | ||(| (& (color=binary)
| | | | | | | | || (| (& (dpi=204)
| | | | | | | | || (dpi-xyratio=204/98) )
| | | | | | | | || (& (dpi=204)
| | | | | | | | || (dpi-xyratio=204/196) )
| | | | | | | | || (& (dpi=408)
| | | | | | | | || (dpi-xyratio=408/391) )
| | | | | | | | || (& (dpi=200)
| | | | | | | | || (dpi-xyratio=200/100) ) ) )
| | | | | | | | || (& (dpi=200) (dpi-xyratio=1) )
| | | | | | | | || (& (dpi=400) (dpi-xyratio=1) ) )
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
| 0| | | | | | | ||
| 1| | | | | | | ||(& (color=binary)
| | | | | | | | || (dpi=204)
| | | | | | | | || (dpi-xyratio=204/391) )
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
| | 0| | | | | | ||
| | 1| | | | | | ||(& (dpi=300) (dpi-xyratio=1) )
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
| | x| x| | | x| 0| ||
| | x| 1| | |*1| 1| ||(& (dpi=400) (dpi-xyratio=1) )
| |*1| 0| | |*1| 1| ||
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
| | | | | | x| | 0||
| | | | | |*1| | 1||(| (color=binary)
| | | | | | | | || (& (color=[limited,mapped,grey,full])
| | | | | | | | || (dpi=100) (dpi-xyratio=1) ) )
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
15|41|42|43|44|45|68|97|98||
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
<------- T.30 bits --->
36|68|69|71|74|75| | ||Feature set expression
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
0| 0| x| | | | | ||
x| 1| 0| | | | | ||(| (color=binary)
| | | | | | | || (& (color=grey)
| | | | | | | || (color-space=CIELAB) ) )
0| 1| 1| | | | | ||(| (color=binary)
| | | | | | | || (& (color=[grey,full])
| | | | | | | || (color-space=CIELAB) ) )
1|*1| 1| | | | | ||(| (color=binary)
| | | | | | | || (& (color=limited)
| | | | | | | || (color-space=[Device-RGB,Device-CMY])
| | | | | | | || (color-levels<=8) )
| | | | | | | || (& (color=limited)
| | | | | | | || (color-space=Device-CMYK)
| | | | | | | || (color-levels<=16) )
| | | | | | | || (& (color=[mapped,grey,full])
| | | | | | | || (color-space=CIELAB) ) )
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
| 0| | x| | | | ||
| 1| | 0| | | | ||(| (color=[binary,limited])
| | | | | | | || (& (color=mapped)
| | | | | | | || (color-levels<=4096) )
| | | | | | | || (& (color=grey)
| | | | | | | || (color-levels<=256) )
| | | | | | | || (& (color=full)
| | | | | | | || (color-levels<=16777216) ) )
| 1| | 1| | | | ||(| (color=[binary,limited])
| | | | | | | || (& (color=mapped)
| | | | | | | || (color-levels<=65536) )
| | | | | | | || (& (color=grey)
| | | | | | | || (color-levels<=4096) )
| | | | | | | || (& (color=full)
| | | | | | | || (color-levels<=68719476736) ) )
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
| 0| | | x| | | ||
| 1| | | 0| | | ||(| (color=[binary,limited])
| | | | | | | || (& (color=[mapped,grey,full])
| | | | | | | || (color-illuminant=D50) ) )
| 1| | | 1| | | || -- Any color illuminant: D50 or custom
| | | | | | | || -- See note below
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
| 0| | | | x| | ||
| 1| | | | 0| | ||(| (color=[binary,limited])
| | | | | | | || (& (color=grey)
| | | | | | | || (CIELAB-L-min>=0)
| | | | | | | || (CIELAB-L-max<=100) )
| | | | | | | || (& (color=[mapped,full])
| | | | | | | || (CIELAB-L-min>=0)
| | | | | | | || (CIELAB-L-max<=100)
| | | | | | | || (CIELAB-a-min>=-85)
| | | | | | | || (CIELAB-a-max<=85)
| | | | | | | || (CIELAB-b-min>=-75)
| | | | | | | || (CIELAB-b-max<=125) ) )
| 1| | | | 1| | || -- Any color gamut: default or custom
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
36|68|69|71|74|75| | ||Feature set expression
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
<---- T.30 bits ------>
17|18|19|20|76|77| | ||Feature set expression
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
0| 0| | | | | | ||(Size-x <= 2150/254)
1| 0| | | | | | ||(Size-x <= 2550/254)
x| 1| | | | | | ||(Size-x <= 3030/254)
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
| | 0| 0| | | | ||(Size-y <= 2970/254)
| | 1| 0| | | | ||(Size-y <= 3640/254)
| | 0| 1| | | | || -- unlimited
| | 1| 1| | | | || -- invalid
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
| | | | 0| 0| | ||(Paper-size=A4)
| | | | 1| 0| | ||(Paper-size=[A4,Letter])
| | | | 0| 1| | ||(Paper-size=[A4,Legal])
| | | | 1| 1| | ||(Paper-size=[A4,Letter,Legal])
--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--++-----------------------------------------
----- ----
| ECN | | ECN |
| ON | | OFF |
data direction ---->> ----- ----
| |
server | |
---- ------ ------ | |
| | | R1 | | R2 | | |
| | -----| | ---- | | ----------------------
---- ------ ^ ------ |
^ |
| -----
congestion point ___| | C |
| |
-----
+------------------------------------------------------+
|Media Gateway |
| +-------------------------------------------------+ |
| |Context +-------------+ | |
| | | Termination | | |
| | |-------------| | |
| | +-------------+ +->| SCN Bearer |<---+->
| | | Termination | +-----+ | | Channel | | |
| | |-------------| | |---+ +-------------+ | |
<-+--->| RTP Stream |---| * | | |
| | | | | |---+ +-------------+ | |
| | +-------------+ +-----+ | | Termination | | |
| | | |-------------| | |
| | +->| SCN Bearer |<---+->
| | | Channel | | |
| | +-------------+ | |
| +-------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| |
| +------------------------------+ |
| |Context | |
| +-------------+ | +-------------+ | |
| | Termination | | +-----+ | Termination | | |
| |-------------| | | | |-------------| | |
<-+->| SCN Bearer | | | * |------| SCN Bearer |<---+->
| | Channel | | | | | Channel | | |
| +-------------+ | +-----+ +-------------+ | |
| +------------------------------+ |
| |
| |
| +-------------------------------------------------+ |
| |Context | |
| | +-------------+ +-------------+ | |
| | | Termination | +-----+ | Termination | | |
| | |-------------| | | |-------------| | |
<-+--->| SCN Bearer |---| * |------| SCN Bearer |<---+->
| | | Channel | | | | Channel | | |
| | +-------------+ +-----+ +-------------+ | |
| +-------------------------------------------------+ |
| ___________________________________________________ |
+------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------+
|Media Gateway |
| +-------------------------------------------------+ |
| |Context C1 | |
| | +-------------+ +-------------+ | |
| | | Term. T2 | +-----+ | Term. T1 | | |
| | |-------------| | | |-------------| | |
<-+--->| RTP Stream |---| * |------| SCN Bearer |<---+->
| | | | | | | Channel | | |
| | +-------------+ +-----+ +-------------+ | |
| +-------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +-------------------------------------------------+ |
| |Context C2 | |
| | +-------------+ | |
| | +-----+ | Term. T3 | | |
| | | | |-------------| | |
| | | * |------| SCN Bearer |<---+->
| | | | | Channel | | |
| | +-----+ +-------------+ | |
| +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------+
|Media Gateway |
| +-------------------------------------------------+ |
| |Context C1 | |
| | +-------------+ | |
| | | Term. T2 | +-----+ | |
| | |-------------| | | | |
<-+--->| RTP Stream |---| * | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | +-------------+ +-----+ | |
| +-------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +-------------------------------------------------+ |
| |Context C2 | |
| | +-------------+ +-------------+ | |
| | | Term. T1 | +-----+ | Term. T3 | | |
| | |-------------| | | |-------------| | |
<-+--->| SCN Bearer |---| * |------| SCN Bearer |<---+->
| | | Channel | | | | Channel | | |
| | +-------------+ +-----+ +-------------+ | |
| +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+------------------------------------------------------+
Context 1 Context 2 Context 3
+------------------+ +------------------+ +------------------+
| +----+ | | +----+ | | +----+ |
| | T2 | | | | T2 | | | | T2 | |
| +----+ | | +----+ | | +----+ |
| ^ ^ | | ^ | | ^ |
| | | | | | | | | |
| +--+ +--+ | | +---+ | | +--+ |
| | | | | | | | | |
| v v | | v | | | |
| +----+ +----+ | | +----+ +----+ | | +----+ +----+ |
| | T1 |<-->| T3 | | | | T1 |<-->| T3 | | | | T1 |<-->| T3 | |
| +----+ +----+ | | +----+ +----+ | | +----+ +----+ |
+------------------+ +------------------+ +------------------+
1. No Topology Desc. 2. T1, T2 Isolate 3. T3, T2 oneway
Context 1 Context 2 Context 3
+------------------+ +------------------+ +------------------+
| +----+ | | +----+ | | +----+ |
| | T2 | | | | T2 | | | | T2 | |
| +----+ | | +----+ | | +----+ |
| | | | ^ | | ^ ^ |
| | | | | | | | | |
| +--+ | | +---+ | | +--+ +--+ |
| | | | | | | | | |
| v | | v | | v v |
| +----+ +----+ | | +----+ +----+ | | +----+ +----+ |
| | T1 |<-->| T3 | | | | T1 |<-->| T3 | | | | T1 |<-->| T3 | |
| +----+ +----+ | | +----+ +----+ | | +----+ +----+ |
+------------------+ +------------------+ +------------------+
4. T2, T3 oneway 5. T2, T3 bothway 6. T1, T2 bothway
+----------------------------------------------------------+
| Transaction x |
| +----------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Action 1 | |
| | +---------+ +---------+ +---------+ +---------+ | |
| | | Command | | Command | | Command | | Command | | |
| | | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | | 4 | | |
| | +---------+ +---------+ +---------+ +---------+ | |
| +----------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +----------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Action 2 | |
| | +---------+ | |
| | | Command | | |
| | | 1 | | |
| | +---------+ | |
| +----------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +----------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Action 3 | |
| | +---------+ +---------+ +---------+ | |
| | | Command | | Command | | Command | | |
| | | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | | |
| | +---------+ +---------+ +---------+ | |
| +----------------------------------------------------+ |
+----------------------------------------------------------+
WAN |
.........|\|....
|
+-----------------+
|Enterprise Router|
+-----------------+
|
| DMZ - Network
---------------------------------
| | |
+--+ +--+ +----------+
|__| |__| | Firewall |
/____\ /____\ +----------+
DMZ-Name DMZ-Web ... |
Server Server |
|
------------------
( )
( Internal Network )
( (private to the )
( enterprise) )
(_________________ )
WAN |
.........|\|....
|
+-----------------+
|Enterprise Router|
+-----------------+
|
| DMZ - Network
------------------------------------------------------------
| | |
+--+ +--+ +----------+
|__| |__| | Firewall |
/____\ /____\ +----------+
DMZ-Name DMZ-Web ... |
Server Server etc. | LAN
|
------------------------------------
| |
+----------+ +------------------+
| LNS | | Security Gateway |
| Server | | (SGW) |
+----------+ +------------------+
|
------------------
( )
( Internal Network )
( (Private to the )
( enterprise) )
(_________________ )
------------
Remote Access +-------------+ ( )
+--+______ Link | Local Access| ( )
|__| /___________| Concentrator|----( Internet )
/____\ | (LAC) | ( )
RA-Host +-------------+ (____________)
WAN |
.........|\|....
|
+-----------------+
|Enterprise Router|
+-----------------+
|
| DMZ - Network
------------------------------------------
| | |
+--+ +--+ +----------+
|__| |__| | Firewall |
/____\ /____\ +----------+
DMZ-Name DMZ-Web ... |
Server Server etc. | LAN
|
------------------------------------
|
+---------------+
| Secure Remote |
| Access Server |
| (SRAS) |
+---------------+
|
---------------------
( )
+--+ ( Internal Network )
|__|------( (Private to the )
/____\ ( enterprise) )
Ent-Host (______________________)
+----------------------+
| End-to-end IP packet |
| (RA-Host->Ent-Host) |
+----------------------+
---------------------->
+----------------------+
| End-to-end IP packet |
| (Ent-Host->Ra-Host) |
+----------------------+
---------------------->
{outer_data
----- inner_ctl}
---------------->| N |-----------------
| ---------------| 1 |<-------------- |
| | {inner_data ----- | |
| | outer_ctl} | |
----- -----
| N | | N |
| 6 | | 2 |
----- -----
^ | ^ |
o | | i | |
u | | n | |
t | | n | |
e | | e | |
r | | r | |
| v | v
----- -----
| N | | N |
| 5 | | 3 |
----- -----
| | | |
| | ----- | |
| -------------->| N |--------------- |
-----------------| 4 |<----------------
-----
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
----- .
---------------->| N |----------------- .
| ---------------| 1 |<-------------- | .
| | ----- | | .
| | | | .
----- ----- .
. .>| N | | N |. .. .
. | 6 | | 2 | . .
. ----- ----- . .
. ^ | ^ | . .
. o | | i | | . .
. u | | n | | . .
. t | | n | | . .
. e | | e | | . .
. r | | r | | . .
. | v | v . .
. ----- ----- . .
. . | N | | N |<. . .
| 5 | | 3 | .
----- ----- .
| | | | .
| | ----- | | .
| -------------->| N |--------------- | .
-----------------| 4 |<---------------- .
----- .
^ .
. .
. . . . .<. . . . . . . . . . . .
^^ ||
|| vv
|----| |----|
| | | |
|----|Rx |----|Tx
| |Buffer | |Buffer
|----| |----|
| | | |
|----| |----|
| | | |
|----| |----|
| | | |
|----| |----|
^^ Transit ||
|| Buffer ||
|| |------| vv
| H |
===========>|------|==========>
| L |
|------|
-----
################>| N |-----------------
# ---------------| 1 |<-------------- |
# | ----- | |
# | | |
----- -----
| N | | N |
| 6 | | 2 |
----- -----
^ | ^ |
# | | |
# | | |
# | | |
# | | |
# | | |
# v | v
----- -----
| N | | N |
| 5 | | 3 |
----- -----
# | | |
# | ----- | |
# -------------->| N |--------------- |
#################| 4 |<----------------
-----
-----
################>| N |-----------------
# ###############| 1 |<############## |
# # ----- # |
# v # |
----- -----
| N | | N |
| 6 | | 2 |
----- -----
^ # wrap ^ |
### # |
_________ # |
fiber cut # |
--------- # |
### # |
# v wrap # v
----- -----
| N | | N |
| 5 | | 3 |
----- -----
# # # |
# # ----- # |
# ##############>| N |############### |
#################| 4 |<----------------
-----
-----------------| N |-----------------
| ---------------| 1 |<############## |
| | ----- # |
| v # |
----- -----
| N | | N |
| 6 | | 2 |
----- -----
^ | wrap ^ |
-- # |
_________ # |
fiber cut # |
--------- # |
-- # |
| v wrap # v
----- -----
| N | | N |
| 5 | | 3 |
----- -----
| | # |
| | ----- # |
| -------------->| N |############### |
-----------------| 4 |<----------------
-----
---------------------------------
| SRP Header |
---------------------------------
| Dest. Addr. |
---------------------------------
| Source Addr. |
---------------------------------
| Protocol Type |
---------------------------------
| Payload |
| |
| |
| |
---------------------------------
| FCS |
---------------------------------
if (MODE == 4,5)-------------------------------->[to host]--->|
| |
v |
if (MODE == 6)---------------------------------->[strip]----->|
| |
v |
if (!WRAPPED |
& WRONG_RING_ID)-------------------------------------------|--->|
| | |
v | |
if (MODE == 0,1,2,3)------------------------------------------|--->|
| | |
v | |
if (DA MATCH)--------------->if !(SA MATCH)----->[to host]--->| |
| | | |
| v | |
| if (unicast)------->[to host]--->| |
| | | |
| v | |
if (SA MATCH)-------------------->[strip]-------------------->| |
| | |
| | v
|--------------------------->|<-----------------------|----|
| |
v |
if (ttl < 2)------->[strip]----->|
| |
v |
[decrement ttl] |
| |
[fwd pkt to tb] |
| v
|<-----------------------|
v
[back to top]
if (TB_High has pkt)----------->[send pkt from TB_high]-->|
| |
v |
if (TB_Low full)------------------------------------------|---->|
| | |
v | |
if (Tx_High has pkt)----------->[send pkt from Tx_high]-->| |
| | |
v | |
if (TB_Low > Hi threshold)--------------------------------|---->|
| | |
v | |
if (my_usage >= allowed_usage)----------------------------|---->|
| | |
v | |
if (Tx_Low has pkt)------------>[send pkt from Tx_low]--->| |
| | |
| | v
|<------------------------------------------------|-----|
| |
v |
if (TB_Low has pkt)------------>[send pkt from TB_low]--->|
| v
|<------------------------------------------------|
|
v
[Go to Top]
{SF,A,W,S}
-------------------------------
| -----X--------------------- |
| | fiber | |
| v cut {IDLE,B,W,S}| v
----- -----
| A | | B |
| | | |
----- -----
^ | {SF,A,W,L} i ^ | o {SF,B,W,L}
| | n | | u
| | n | | t
| | e | | e
| v r | v r
Local FS,SF,SD,MS req.
--------- or Rx{REQ,SRC,W,S} from mate
| IDLE |-------------------------------------------
| |<---------------------------------------- |
--------- Local REQ clears | |
^ | or Rx{IDLE,SRC,I,S} | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
Rx{IDLE,SRC,I,S}| | Rx{REQ,SRC,W,L} | |
| | | |
| | | |
| v Local FS,SF,SD,MS REQ > Active req. | v
--------- or Rx{REQ,SRC,W,S},REQ > Active req. ---------
| PASS |------------------------------------>| WRAPPED |
| THRU |<------------------------------------| |
--------- ---------
Forwards Tx{REQ,SELF,W,S} for local REQ
{REQ,SRC,W,L} Tx{IDLE,SELF,W,S} for mate REQ
& Tx{REQ,SELF,W,L}
fiber cut
---------X-----------------------------
| ----------------------------------- |
| | | |
| v | v
----- -----
| A | | B |
| | | |
----- -----
^ | ^ |
o | | i | |
u | | n | |
t | | n | |
e | | e | |
r | | r | |
| v | v
----- -----
| D | | C |
| | | |
----- -----
| | | |
| | | |
| ----------------------------------- |
---------------------------------------
fiber cut
---------X-----------------------------
| -------X--------------------------- |
| | fiber cut | |
| v | v
----- -----
| A | | B |
| | | |
----- -----
^ | ^ |
o | | i | |
u | | n | |
t | | n | |
e | | e | |
r | | r | |
| v | v
----- -----
| D | | C |
| | | |
----- -----
| | | |
| | | |
| ----------------------------------- |
---------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
| ----------------------------------- |
| | | |
| v | v /
----- ----/
| A | | C/| failed
| | | / | node C
----- -/---
^ | /^ |
o | | i | |
u | | n | |
t | | n | |
e | | e | |
r | | r | |
| v | v
----- -----
| D | | B |
| | | |
----- -----
| | | |
| | | |
| ----------------------------------- |
---------------------------------------
wrap
----->|--------------------------------
| -<--|------------------------------ |
| | | |
| v | v
----- ----
| A | | C | Added
| | | | node
----- -----
^ | ^ |
o | | i | |
u | | n | |
t | | n | |
e | | e --- wrap
r | | r ^ |
| v | v
----- -----
| D | | B |
| | | |
----- -----
| | | |
| | | |
| ----------------------------------- |
---------------------------------------
| 96-bits | 32-bits |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+
| 0:0:0:0:0:0 | IPv4 Address |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+
IPv4-Compatible IPv6 Address Format
+---+--------------------------+---+---------------+
| c ! | c ! protocolDir |
| n ! protocolDirID | n ! Parameters |
| t ! | t ! |
+---+--------------------------+---+---------------+
protocolDirID
+----------------------------------------+
| |
| 4 * N octets |
| |
+----------------------------------------+
protocolDirID protocolDirParameters
+---+--------+--------+--------+--------+---+---+---+---+---+
| c | proto | proto | proto | proto | c |par|par|par|par|
| n | base | L(B+1) | L(B+2) | L(B+3) | n |ba-| L3| L4| L5|
| t |(+flags)| L3 | L4 | L5 | t |se | | | |
+---+--------+--------+--------+--------+---+---+---+---+---+ subOID
| 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | count
protocolDirID
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| proto | proto | proto | proto |
| base | L3 | L4 | L5 |
| | | | |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+ octet
| 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | count
protocolDirParameters
+---+---+---+---+
|par|par|par|par|
|ba-| L3| L4| L5|
|se | | | |
+---+---+---+---+ octet
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | count
Fig. 2
base-identifier format
+---+---+---+---+
| | | | |
| f |op1|op2| m |
| | | | |
+---+---+---+---+ octet
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | count
802-1Q Child Layer-Identifier Format
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Base | |
| ID | base-specific format |
| | |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 1 | 3 | octet count
______________________________________________________________________
| Symbol | Definition | R | S Duration |
|______________|________________________|______|______________________|
| pa(parms) | PlayAnnouncement | | TO variable |
| pc(parms) | PlayCollect | | TO variable |
| pr(parms) | PlayRecord | | TO variable |
| es(parm) | EndSignal | | BR |
| oc(parms) | OperationComplete | x | |
| of(parms) | OperationFailed | x | |
|______________|________________________|______|______________________|
_______________________________________________________________________
| Parameters |
|______________________________________________________________________|
| Symbol | Definition | pl | pc | pr |
|___________|_________________________________|________|________|______|
| an | announcement | x | | |
| ip | initial prompt | | x | x |
| rp | reprompt | | x | x |
| nd | no digits reprompt | | x | |
| ns | no speech reprompt | | | x |
| fa | failure announcement | | x | x |
| sa | success announcement | | x | x |
| ni | non-interruptible play | | x | x |
| it | iterations | x | | |
| iv | interval | x | | |
| du | duration | x | | |
| sp | speed | x | x | x |
| vl | volume | x | x | x |
| cb | clear digit buffer | | x | x |
| mx | maximum # of digits | | x | |
| mn | minimum # of digits | | x | |
| dp | digit pattern | | x | |
| fdt | first digit timer | | x | |
| idt | inter digit timer | | x | |
| edt | extra digit timer | | x | |
| prt | pre-speech timer | | | x |
| pst | post-speech timer | | | x |
| rlt | total recording length timer | | | x |
| rsk | restart key | | x | x |
| rik | reinput key | | x | x |
| rtk | return key | | x | x |
| psk | position key | | x | x |
| stk | stop key | | x | x |
| sik | start input key | | x | |
| eik | end input key | | x | x |
| iek | include end input key | | x | |
| na | number of attempts | | x | x |
|___________|_________________________________|________|________|______|
________________________________________________________________________
| Return Parameters |
|_______________________________________________________________________|
| Symbol | Definition | pl | pc | pr |
|___________|________________________________|________|_________|_______|
| vi | voice interrupt | | | x |
| ik | interrupting key sequence | | x | |
| ap | amount played | | x | x |
| na | number of attempts | | x | x |
| dc | digits collected | | x | |
| ri | recording id | | | x |
| rc | return code | x | x | x |
|___________|________________________________|________|_________|_______|
_________________________________
| Range | Meaning |
|________|_______________________|
|100-199 | successful completion |
|300-399 | error |
|________|_______________________|
________________________________________________________________________
|Return Code | Meaning |
|____________|__________________________________________________________|
| 100 | Success |
| 300 | Unspecified failure |
| 301 | Bad audio ID |
| 302 | Bad selector type |
| 303 | Bad selector value |
| 304 | Variable type not supported |
| 305 | Variable subtype not supported |
| 306 | Invalid variable name |
| 307 | Variable value out of range |
| 308 | Inconsistent variable specification |
| 309 | Alias not found |
| 310 | Extra sequence data |
| 311 | Missing sequence data |
| 312 | Mismatch between play specification and provisioned data |
| 313 | Language not set |
| 314 | Remove override error |
| 315 | Override error |
| 316 | Delete audio error |
| 317 | Unable to record temporary audio |
| 318 | Unable to delete temporary audio |
| 319 | Unable to record persistent audio |
| 320 | Unable to delete persistent audio |
| 321 | Unable to override non-existent segment id |
| 322 | Unable to remove override from non-existent segment id |
| 323 | Provisioning error |
| 324 | Unspecified hardware failure |
| 325 | Syntax error |
| 326 | No digits |
| 327 | No speech |
| 328 | Spoke too long |
| 329 | Digit pattern not matched |
| 330 | Max attempts exceeded |
|____________|__________________________________________________________|
________________________________________________________________________
| Segment Descriptors |
|_______________________________________________________________________|
| Symbol | Definition |
|____________________________________|__________________________________|
| 32 bit binary number | segment identifier |
| ts | text to speech |
| dt | display text |
| si | silence |
| to | tone |
| vb | variable |
|____________________________________|__________________________________|
________________________________________________________________________
| Variables Qualifiers |
|_______________________________________________________________________|
| Symbol | Definition | Type | Subtype | Subtype Of |
|_________|__________________________|________|___________|_____________|
| dat | date | x | | |
| dig | digits | x | | |
| gen | generic | | x | dig |
| ndn | North American DN | | x | dig |
| dur | duration | x | | |
| mth | month | x | | |
| mny | money | x | | |
| num | number | x | | |
| crd | cardinal | | x | nm |
| ord | ordinal | | x | nm |
| sil | silence | x | | |
| str | string | x | | |
| txt | text | x | | |
| dsp | display text | | x | txt |
| spk | text to speech | | x | txt |
| tme | time | x | | |
| t12 | twelve hour format | | x | tme |
| t24 | twenty four hour format | | x | tme |
| ton | tone | x | | |
| wkd | weekday | x | | |
|_________|__________________________|________|___________|_____________|
__________________________________________________________
|Alpha-code | Numeric-code | Currency | Entity |
|___________|______________|__________|___________________|
|GQE | 226 | Ekwele | Equatorial Guinea |
|GRD | 300 | Drachma | Greece |
|GTQ | 320 | Quetzal | Guatemala |
|___________|______________|__________|___________________|
_________________
|Code | Language |
|_____|__________|
|cze | Czech |
|cym | Welsh |
|dan | Danish |
|_____|__________|
+------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| | auth | | auth | | auth | | auth | |
| |<---->| AAA |<---->| AAA |<---->| AAA |<---->| AAA |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| User | | | | |
| | | +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| | | | BB | | BB | |Budget |
| | | +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| | | | |
| | +-------+ | |
| | |dial in| +-------+ +-------+
| |<====>|service|<====>|network|<====>|network|<===> Experiment
+------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
+-------+
| AAA |<---1---> to AAA server as in fig. 2
request <---4--->|GateWay|
| |<---2---> optionally to ASM/service
+-------+
| |
+--------------|----+ |
| Service 2 | 2
| Application | | |
| +-------------+ | +-------------+
| | Application | | | Application |
| | Specific | | | Specific |
| | Module | | | Module |
| +-------------+ | +-------------+
| | | |
| 5 | 5
| | | |
| +-------------+ | +-------------+
| | Service | | | Service |
| | | | | Equipment |
| +-------------+ | +-------------+
+-------------------+
+------+ +-------------------------+
| | | User Home Organization |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| | | | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| | +-------------------------+
| |
| |
| |
| User | +-------------------------+
| | | Service Provider |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| | | | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | Service | |
| | | | Equipment | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
+------+ +-------------------------+
+------+ +-------------------------+
| | | User Home Organization |
| |======| +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| | | | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| | +-------------------------+
| | ||
| | ||
| | ||
| User | +-------------------------+
| | | Service Provider |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| | | | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | Service | |
| | | | Equipment | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
+------+ +-------------------------+
+-------------------------+
+------+ | Service Provider |
| | 1 | +-------------------+ |
| |------+->| AAA Server | |
| |<-----+--| | |
| | 4 | +-------------------+ |
| User | | | /|\ |
| | | |2 |3 |
| | | \|/ | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | Service | |
| | | | Equipment | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
+------+ | |
+-------------------------+
+-------------------------+
+------+ | Service Provider |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| | | | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| User | | /|\ | |
| | | |2 |3 |
| | | | \|/ |
| | 1 | +-------------------+ |
| |------+->| Service | |
| |<-----+--| Equipment | |
| | 4 | +-------------------+ |
+------+ | |
+-------------------------+
+-------------------------+
+------+ | Service Provider |
| | 1 | +-------------------+ |
| |------+->| AAA Server | |
| |<-----+--| | |
| | 2 | +-------------------+ |
| User | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | 3 | +-------------------+ |
| |------+->| Service | |
| |<-----+--| Equipment | |
| | 4 | +-------------------+ |
+------+ | |
+-------------------------+
+------+ +-------------------------+
| | 1 | User Home Organization |
| |----->| +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| |<-----| | | |
| | 4 | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| | +-------------------------+
| | | /|\
| | |2 |3
| | \|/ |
| User | +-------------------------+
| | | Service Provider |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| | | | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | Service | |
| | | | Equipment | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
+------+ +-------------------------+
+------+ +-------------------------+
| | | User Home Organization |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| | | | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| | +-------------------------+
| | /|\ |
| | |2 |3
| | | \|/
| | +-------------------------+
| | | Service Provider |
| User | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| | 1 | | | |
| |----->| +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| |<-----| +-------------------+ |
| | 4 | | Service | |
| | | | Equipment | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
+------+ +-------------------------+
+------+ +-------------------------+
| | 1 | User Home Organization |
| |----->| +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| |<-----| | | |
| | 2 | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| | +-------------------------+
| |
| |
| |
| User | +-------------------------+
| | | Service Provider |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| | 3 | | | |
| |----->| +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| |<-----| +-------------------+ |
| | 4 | | Service | |
| | | | Equipment | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
+------+ +-------------------------+
+-------------------+ +-------------------+
+------+ | Org1 | | Org2 |
| | | +-------------+ | | +-------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | | | | AAA Server | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | +-------------+ | | +-------------+ |
| User |======| |======| |
| | | +-------------+ | | +-------------+ |
| | | | Service | | | | Service | |
| | | | Equipment | | | | Equipment | |
| | | +-------------+ | | +-------------+ |
+------+ | | | |
+-------------------+ +-------------------+
+-------------------+ +-------------------+
+------+ | Org1 | | Org2 |
| | | +-------------+ | 3 | +-------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server |--+------+->| AAA Server | |
| | | | |<-+------+--| | |
| | | +-------------+ | 6 | +-------------+ |
| User | | /|\ | | | | /|\ |
| | | |2 |7 | | |4 |5 |
| | | | \|/ | | \|/ | |
| | 1 | +-------------+ | | +-------------+ |
| |------+->| Service | | | | Service | |
| |<-----+--| Equipment | | | | Equipment | |
| | 8 | +-------------+ | | +-------------+ |
+------+ | | | |
+-------------------+ +-------------------+
+------+ +-------------------+ +-------------------+
| | | User Home Org | | SuperOrg |
| | | +-------------+ | | +-------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | | | | AAA Server | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | +-------------+ | | +-------------+ |
| | | | | |
| | +-------------------+ +-------------------+
| |
| |
| | +-------------------+ +-------------------+
| User | | Org1 | | Org2 |
| | | +-------------+ | | +-------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | | | | AAA Server | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | +-------------+ | | +-------------+ |
| | | | | |
| | | +-------------+ | | +-------------+ |
| | | | Service | | | | Service | |
| | | | Equipment | | | | Equipment | |
| | | +-------------+ | | +-------------+ |
| | | | | |
+------+ +-------------------+ +-------------------+
+------+ +------------------------------+
| | | User Home Organization |
| | | +-------------------+ PRP |
| | | | AAA Server | PIP |
| | | | | PDP |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| | +------------------------------+
| |
| |
| | +------------------------------+
| User | | Service Provider |
| | | +-------------------+ PRP |
| PRP | | | AAA Server | PIP |
| PIP | | | | PDP |
| PDP | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | Service | PIP |
| | | | Equipment | PEP |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
+------+ +------------------------------+
+--------------+
| AAA Server/ |
| AC Issuer |
| |
+--+-----------+
|
|Client
|Acquisition (1)
|
+--+-----------+ +---------------+
| | AC in application | Service |
| User +------------------------+ Equipment/ |
| | protocol (2) | AAA Server |
+--------------+ +---------------+
+------+ +-------------------------+
| | | Home ISP |
| | | (User Home Organization)|
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| | | | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | /|\ | |
| | +--------------+---+------+
| | | |
| | |3 |4
| | | |
| | +--------------+---+------+
| | | Visited ISP | | |
| | | | \|/ |
| User | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| | | | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | /|\ | |
| | | |2 |5 |
| | | | \|/ |
| | 1 | +-------------------+ |
| |------+->| NAS (Service | |
| |<-----+--| Equipment) | |
| | 6 | +-------------------+ |
| | | (Service Provider) |
+------+ PPP +-------------------------+
+-------------+
| |
| +---------+ |
| |Bandwidth| |
+-------+ | |Broker | |
| | | | | |
|Service| | +---------+ |
|User |=========| |
| | | +---------+ |
| | | | Network | |
+-------+ | | Routing | |
| | Devices | |
| +---------+ |
| Autonomous |
| Service |
| Domain |
+-------------+
==== contractual
relationship
+-------------+ +-------------+
| | | |
| +---------+ | | +---------+ |
| |Bandwidth| | | |Bandwidth| |
+-------+ | |Broker | | | |Broker | |
| | | | | | | | | |
|Service| | +---------+ | | +---------+ |
|User |=========| |========| |
| | | +---------+ | | +---------+ |
| | | | Network | | | | Network | |
+-------+ | | Routing | | | | Routing | |
| | Devices | | | | Devices | |
| +---------+ | | +---------+ |
| Autonomous | | Autonomous |
| Service | | Service |
| Domain A | | Domain B |
+-------------+ +-------------+
+-------------+ +-------------+
| | | |
| +---------+ | | +---------+ |
| |Bandwidth| | | |Bandwidth| |
+-------+ | |Broker | | | |Broker | |
| O***********O O************O | |
|Service| | +----O----+ | | +----O----+ |
|User |=========| * |========| * |
| | | +----0----+ | | +----O----+ |
| | | |Network | | | |Network | |
+-------+ | |Routing | | | |Routing | |
| |Devices | | | |Devices | |
| +---------+ | | +---------+ |
| Autonomous | | Autonomous |
| Service | | Service |
| Domain A | | Domain B |
+-------------+ +-------------+
+-------------+ +-------------+
| | | |
| +---------+ | | +---------+ |
| |Bandwidth| | | |Bandwidth| |
+-------+ | |Broker | | | |Broker | |
| | | | | | | | | |
|Service| | +----O----+ | | +----O----+ |
|User |=========| * |========| * |
| | | +----O----+ | | +----O----+ |
| O***********O Network O************O Network | |
+-------+ | | Routing | | | | Routing | |
| | Devices | | | | Devices | |
| +---------+ | | +---------+ |
| Autonomous | | Autonomous |
| Service | | Service |
| Domain A | | Domain B |
+-------------+ +-------------+
+-------------------+
| Certificate |
....................| Authority |
: ..| |..
: : +-------------------+ :
: : :
: : :
: ***************:*********************** :
: * +---:---------+ +---*--:------+
: * | : | | * : |
: * | +-:-------+ | | +-O--:----+ |
: * | |{C} | | | | {C} | |
+---:--O+ | |Bandwidth| | | |Bandwidth| |
| {C} O***********O Broker O************O Broker | |
|Service| | +----O----+ | | +----O----+ |
|User |=========| * |========| * |
| | | +----0----+ | | +----O----+ |
| | | |Network | | | |Network | |
+-------+ | |Routing | | | |Routing | |
| |Devices | | | |Devices | |
| +---------+ | | +---------+ |
| Autonomous | | Autonomous |
| Service | | Service |
| Domain A | | Domain B |
+-------------+ +-------------+
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| | | | | | | |
| |RAR | | 1 | | 2 | |
| User |-------->| |-------->| |-------->| |
| | RAA | BB1 | 4 | BB2 | 3 | BB3 |
| |<--------| |<--------| |<--------| |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| | | | | | | |
| |RAR | | 1 | | 3 | |
| User |-------->| |-------->| |-------->| |
| | RAA | BB1 | 2 | BB2 | 4 | BB3 |
| |<--------| |<--------| |<--------| |
| | 7 | | 6 | | 5 | |
| |<--------| |<--------| |<--------| |
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
adjacent BB <---------------------------> adjacent BB
|
V
+------------------------------+
| | inter-domain | |
| -------------- ------|
application | | PM |
server \ | |iface |
\ |------- ---------+ ------|
->| user/ | | simple | ------|
user/host-->| app | | policy | | NMS |
->| iface | | services| |iface |
/ |------- ---------+ ------|
network / | |
operator | ------- ------- |
| | data | |routing| |
| | store | |info | |
| | | | | |
| ------- ------- |
| |
| ---------------- |
| | intra-domain | |
+------------------------------+
^
|
edge router(s) <---------------------------> edge router(s)
+------+ +----------------------+
| | | File Service |----+
| | | AAA Server |<-+ |
| | +----------------------+ | |
| | | | | |
| | | File Server | | |
| | | | | |
| User | +----------------------+ | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | +----------------------+ | |
| |------>| Print Service |--+ |
| |<------| AAA Server |<---+
| | +----------------------+
| | | Print Server |
| | | and Printer |
+------+ +----------------------+
+------+ +----------------------+
| |------>| File Service |
| |<------| AAA Server |
| | +----------------------+
| |
| | +----------------------+
| | | File Server |
| User | +----------------------+
| | /|\ |
| | | |
| | | \|/
| | +----------------------+
| |------>| Print Service |
| |<------| AAA Server |
| | +----------------------+
| | | Print Server |
| | | and Printer |
+------+ +----------------------+
+------+ +----------------------+
| |------>| File Service |
| |<------| AAA Server |
| |Get AC +----------------------+
| |
| | +----------------------+
| | | File Server |----+
| | | |<-+ |
| User | +----------------------+ | |
| | | |
| | +---authorize passing AC | |<---Create session
| | | | | Using AC
| | V +----------------------+ | |
| |------>| Print Service | | |
| |<------| AAA Server | | |
| | +----------------------+ | |
| | | Print Server |--+ |
| | | and Printer |<---+
+------+ +----------------------+
+---------------------------------------------+
| +-----------------------------------------+ |
| | Faculty administration | |
| |+----------------+ +----------------+| |
| |O Student | | Curriculum || |
| *| Administration O*****O Commission || |
|*|| AAA Server | | AAA Server || |
*/|+---O------O-----+ +-----O------O---+| |
*//| * * * * | |
*// +----*---------*-----------*---------*----+ |
*//| * || * * || * |
*// | * || * * || * |
*// | * || * || * |
*// | * || * * || * |
*// | * || * * || * |
*// | +----*---------*--+ +--*---------*----+ |
*// | | * * | | * * |
*// | |+---O------O----+| |+----O------O---+| |
*// | || Educator A || || Educator B || |
*// | || AAA Server || || AAA Server || |
*// | || Service admin.|| || Service admin.|| |
*// | |+---O-----------+| |+-----------O---+| |
*// | | * | | * | |
+-O-------+ | | * | | * | |
| | | |+---O-----------+| |+-----------O---+| |
| Student | | || Educator || || Educator || |
| | | || Course A || || Course B || |
| | | |+---------------+| |+---------------+| |
+---------+ | +-----------------+ +-----------------+ |
| Faculty |
+---------------------------------------------+
+----------------------------------------------+
| |
| +----------------+ 6 +----------------+ |
| | Student |----->| Curriculum | |
| | Administration |<-----| Commission | |
| | AAA Server | 5 | AAA Server | |
| +----------------+ _ +----------------+ |
| /|\ | /|/ |
| | | / / |
| 2,8| |3 / /6 |
| | | 4/ / |
| | | / / |
| | | / / |
| | \|/ /|/ |
| +---------------+ -- +---------------+ |
| | Educator A | | Educator B | |
| | AAA Server | | AAA Server | |
| +---------------+ +---------------+ |
| /|\ | |
|2,4,8| |3,6 |
+---------+ | | \|/ |
| | 1,7 | +---------------+ +---------------+ |
| Student |------->| Educator | | Educator | |
| |<-------| Course A | | Course B | |
| | 7,8 | +---------------+ +---------------+ |
+---------+ | Faculty |
+----------------------------------------------+
....... *******
... *** *** A Only hears S
.. ** .. ** B hears S and R
. * . * C Only hears R
. * . *
. S<------->R * . TTL Boundary for S
. * . * * TTL Boundary for R
. A * B . C *
.. ** .. **
... *** ***
....... *******
........................
. .
. many hops .
.S<------------------------>R.
. .
. .
........................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. scope a . Scope Boundaries
. . . = scope a
. _______________ ________________ . - = scopes b,c
. / scope b \ / scope c \ . # = scopes d,e,f, & g
.| | | |.
.| ##### ##### | | ##### ##### |.
.| #scope# #scope#| | #scope# #scope# |.
.\ # d # # e #| | # f # # g # /.
.\ #### #####/ \ ##### #### /.
.\____________/ \_____________/.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Code Len Count Nest State Matrix
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+
| 17 | p | m | N1 | | Nm |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+
+--------------------------+ +------------------------+
| | | |
| to other peers | | to other peers |
| || // | | || // || |
| Prefix | | Prefix Prefix |
| Coordinator | |Coordinator Coordinator|
+------------||------------+ +-------||----//---------+
||Layer 3 || //
+------------||------------------------------||--//-----------+
| Prefix Prefix |
| Coordinator=======================Coordinator |
| ^ ^ |
| +----------------+-------------+ |
| | Layer 2 | | |
| MAAS<---/ | +---> MAAS |
| ^ ^ v ^ |
| . . MAAS . |
| . .Layer 1 ^ .Layer 1 |
| v v .Layer 1 v |
| Client Client v Client |
| Client |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
T1a-----------T2a
| |
| |
| |
P3a====P3b P4a====P4b
| | / | / | \
| | _______/ | / | \
| | / | / | \______
| | / | / | \
C5a====C5b C6a====C6b----------C7a
\\ //
\\//
C5c
T1a-----------T2a
| |
............|....... |
. | . |
. P3a====P3b . P4a
. | | . /
. | | _______/
. | | / .
. | | / .
. C5a====C5b .
. \\ // .
. \\// .
. C5c .
. .
. Admin Scope Zone .
....................
-----------------------------------------------
| version-number | 2 bytes - required
-----------------------------------------------
| operation-id (request) |
| or | 2 bytes - required
| status-code (response) |
-----------------------------------------------
| request-id | 4 bytes - required
-----------------------------------------------
| attribute-group | n bytes - 0 or more
-----------------------------------------------
| end-of-attributes-tag | 1 byte - required
-----------------------------------------------
| data | q bytes - optional
-----------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------
| version-number | 2 bytes - required
-----------------------------------------------
| operation-id (request) |
| or | 2 bytes - required
| status-code (response) |
-----------------------------------------------
| request-id | 4 bytes - required
-----------------------------------------------------------
| tag (delimiter-tag or value-tag) | 1 byte |
----------------------------------------------- |-0 or more
| empty or rest of attribute | x bytes |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| end-of-attributes-tag | 1 byte - required
-----------------------------------------------
| data | y bytes - optional
-----------------------------------------------
embedded printer:
output device
+---------------+
O +--------+ | ########### |
/|\ | client |------------IPP------------># Printer # |
/ \ +--------+ | # Object # |
| ########### |
+---------------+
hosted printer:
+---------------+
O +--------+ ########### | |
/|\ | client |--IPP--># Printer #-any->| output device |
/ \ +--------+ # Object # | |
########### +---------------+
+---------------+
fan out: | |
+-->| output device |
any/ | |
O +--------+ ########### / +---------------+
/|\ | client |-IPP-># Printer #--*
/ \ +--------+ # Object # \ +---------------+
########### any\ | |
+-->| output device |
| |
+---------------+
+----> canceled
/
+----> pending --------> processing ---------+------> completed
| ^ ^ \
--->+ | | +----> aborted
| v v /
+----> pending-held processing-stopped ---+
| |
|<--- data width --->|
| |
| | | |
|<- A1 width ->|<- A1 width ->|
| | | |
cross ^ | | | |
feed | +--------------------------------------------/
direction | |//////////////|/////| | ^ /
| |//////////////|/////| | | /
| |//////////////|/////| | | /
| |//////////////|/////| | | \
<-----------+- |//////////////|/////| | A1 \ roll
feed | |//////////////|/////| | height \ paper
direction |//////////////|/////| | | \
|//////////////|/////| | | /
|//////////////|/////| | v /
+------------------------------------------/
|
|
|<------ CUT HERE (to synchronize
| with data width)
|
| |
|<--- data width --->|
| |
| | | |
|<- A1 width ->|<- A1 width ->|
| | | |
cross ^ | | | |
feed | +--------------------------------------------/
direction | |//////////////|/////| | ^ /
| |//////////////|/////| | | /
| |//////////////|/////| | | /
| |//////////////|/////| | | \
<-----------+- |//////////////|/////| | A1 \ roll
feed | |//////////////|/////| | height \ paper
direction |//////////////|/////| | | \
|//////////////|/////| | | /
|//////////////|/////| | v /
+------------------------------------------/
|
|
|<--- CUT HERE
| (to synchronize
| with data width)
| | | | |
|<- A4 width ->|<- A4 width ->|<- A4 width ->|<- A4 width ->|
| | | | |
| | | | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ^ | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| A4 | | | |
| height | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| v | | | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| |
|<---------- data width ----------->|
| |
| | | | |
|<- A4 width ->|<- A4 width ->|<- A4 width ->|
| | | | |
cross ^ | | | | |
feed | +--------------------------------------------+
direction | |//////////////|//////////////|/////| ^ |
| |//////////////|//////////////|/////| | |
| |//////////////|//////////////|/////| | |
| |//////////////|//////////////|/////| | |
<-----------+- |//////////////|//////////////|/////| A4 |
feed | |//////////////|//////////////|/////| height |
direction |//////////////|//////////////|/////| | |
|//////////////|//////////////|/////| | |
|//////////////|//////////////|/////| v |
+--------------------------------------------+
|
CUT HERE ---->|
(to synchronize |
with data width) |
172.150.0/18 172.150.128/18
----------------------- ---------------------------|
| | |
| | 172.150.128.1
| ROUTER 'A' (151.0.0.1) | |---------|
| ############# | |Parts DB |
| ---#-----------# | /---------/
| OSPF | # # ISIS | /----------/
------------|# VR - A #|--------------
#-------|---#-|
#############10.0.1/24
|----|------------#-#---------------|-----|
|10.0.0.2/24# # |10.0.0.3/24
|------|-------| # # ---------|-------|
| ############### # |############### |
| # VR - B |# # # VR - C # |
|#-------------# ROUTER 'B'##|------------#----
(152.0.0.2)############### ############### (153.0.0.3)
------------------------- ROUTER 'C' | Extranet
172.150.64/18 V
Vendors
0 7 15 23 31
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| AFI | Res. | SAFI |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 3 | 13 | 32 | 16 | 64 bits |
+---+-----+---------------------+--------+-----------------+
|001| TLA | NLA ID | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+---+-----+---------------------+--------+-----------------+
| 16 | 8 | 24 | 16 | 64 bits |
+-+---------+-----+-------------+--------+-----------------+
| 0x3FFE |pTLA | pNLA | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-+---------+-----+-------------+--------+-----------------+
| n | 24-n bits | 16 | 64 bits |
+-----+--------------------+--------+-----------------+
|pNLA1| Site | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-----+--------------------+--------+-----------------+
| m | 24-n-m | 16 | 64 bits |
+-----+--------------+--------+-----------------+
|pNLA2| Site | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-----+--------------+--------+-----------------+
| o |24-n-m-o| 16 | 64 bits |
+-----+--------+--------+-----------------+
|pNLA3| Site | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-----+--------+--------+-----------------+
| 16 | 12 | 20 | 16 | 64 bits |
+-+---------+-------+-----------+--------+-----------------+
| 0x3FFE | pTLA | pNLA | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-+---------+-------+-----------+--------+-----------------+
| n | 20-n bits | 16 | 64 bits |
+-----+--------------------+--------+-----------------+
|pNLA1| Site | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-----+--------------------+--------+-----------------+
| m | 20-n-m | 16 | 64 bits |
+-----+--------------+--------+-----------------+
|pNLA2| Site | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-----+--------------+--------+-----------------+
| o |20-n-m-o| 16 | 64 bits |
+-----+--------+--------+-----------------+
|pNLA3| Site | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-----+--------+--------+-----------------+
|<-----20-bit pNLA ID----->|
| |
| 8 | 12 bits | 16 | 64 bits |
+-----+--------------------+--------+-----------------+
|pNLA1| Site ID | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-----+--------------------+--------+-----------------+
3FFE:8000:0001/48
6bone _|||| |||| ||||___site
|||| |
b/b site____|||| |
| |
transit________|_|
3FFE:0180:0001/48
6bone _|||| |||| ||||___site
||||
b/b site____||||
||
transit_______||
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Remote ping, traceroute, Actual ping, traceroute, |
| +-----+or Lookup op. +------+or Lookup op. +------+ |
| |Local|---------------->|Remote|---------------->|Target| |
| | Host| | Host | | Host | |
| +-----+ +------+ +------+ |
| |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | 13 | 13 | 19 |
+----+----------+---------+---------------+
| FP | TLA | Sub-TLA | NLA |
| | ID | | ID |
+----+----------+---------+---------------+
start>-----+
|
+------------------+
| Was desired type | NO +-------------------------+
|found in Accept? |------------>| Is JavaScript available |
+------------------+ |and does it show type? |
| +-------------------------+
YES | | | |
|<---------------------------+ | NO |
| YES | |
| +---<explorer<--+ |
| | |
| +----------------------+ |
| | Is ActiveX available | |
| |and does it show type?| |
| +----------------------+ |
| YES | | | NO |
|<-----------+ | +----------------->|
| V |
remember | Indeterminate. remember |
that |. Take default that type |
type IS | action. is NOT |
supported| supported |
X done X
1 2 3
01234567 89012345 67890123 45678901 23456789
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|< 1 >< 2| >< 3 ><|.4 >< 5.|>< 6 ><.|7 >< 8 >|
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
<===> 8th character
<====> 7th character
<===> 6th character
<====> 5th character
<====> 4th character
<===> 3rd character
<====> 2nd character
<===> 1st character
key1 key2 key3
| | |
v v v
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+
+->| DES-e |->| DES-d |->| DES-e |-- +
| +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ |
| v
INPUT --(-------------------------------->(+)+---> DATA
| |
+------------------------------------+
key1 key2 key3
| | |
v v v
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+
+->| DES-e |->| DES-d |->| DES-e |-- +
| +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ |
+------------------------------------+
v
INPUT ------------------------------------->(+) ----> DATA
key --->+------+
+->| CAST |--+
| +------+ |
+------------+
v
INPUT --------->(+) ----> DATA
key --->+------+
+->| CAST |--+
| +------+ |
| v
INPUT --(---------->(+)+---> DATA
| |
+--------------+
+-------------------------------------+
| Customer Network Management Station |
| (SNMP based) |
+-------------------------------------+
^ ^ ^
| | |
| | |
UNI | NNI | NNI | UNI
| ^ | ^ | ^
| +-----------+ | +-----------+ | +-----------+ |
| | | | | | | | | |
Originating | | FR | | | FR | | | FR | |Terminating
+--------+ | | Network I | | | Network J | | | Network K | | +--------+
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| |---| |---| |---| |---| User B |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
+--------+ | +-----------+ | +-----------+ | +-----------+ | +--------+
| | | |
| | | |
| PVC Segment 1 | PVC Segment 2 | PVC Segment 3 |
|<------------->|<------------->|<------------->|
| |
| Multi-network PVC |
|<--------------------------------------------->|
| NNI = Network-to Network Interface |
UNI = User-to-Network Interface
In _____________________________ Out
>>>>>>| |>>>>>>>>
______| Frame Relay Network |________
Out | | In
<<<<<<|_____________________________|<<<<<<<<
Frame Relay Frame Relay
PVC PVC
Endpoint Endpoint
Frame Relay Frame Relay
Network Network
Low Port High Port
__________________________________
| |
_____| >> from low to high PVC flow >> |_____
| << from high to low PVC flow << |
|__________________________________|
+-----------------------------------+
+---------+ | FR/ATM PVC Service IWF |
| Frame | | ------------------------------ | +-----------+
| Relay | +--------> frAtmIwfConnIndex K <--------+ | ATM |
|Endpoint | | | V | | | Endpoint |
| ------- | | | | | | | --------- |
| DLCI X | | | +------------+ | | |VPI.VCI Q.R|
| on |<-+ | | | +->| on |
|ifIndex Y| | V | | ifIndex S |
+---------+ |frAtmIwfConnectionDescriptorIndex L| +-----------+
+-----------------------------------+
_____________ _____________
| SCTP User | | SCTP User |
| Application | | Application |
|-------------| |-------------|
| SCTP | | SCTP |
| Transport | | Transport |
| Service | | Service |
|-------------| |-------------|
| |One or more ---- One or more| |
| IP Network |IP address \/ IP address| IP Network |
| Service |appearances /\ appearances| Service |
|_____________| ---- |_____________|
-----------------------------------------------------
_____________ ____________________
| | | Sequenced delivery |
| Association | | within streams |
| | |____________________|
| startup |
| | ____________________________
| and | | User Data Fragmentation |
| | |____________________________|
| takedown |
| | ____________________________
| | | Acknowledgement |
| | | and |
| | | Congestion Avoidance |
| | |____________________________|
| |
| | ____________________________
| | | Chunk Bundling |
| | |____________________________|
| |
| | ________________________________
| | | Packet Validation |
| | |________________________________|
| |
| | ________________________________
| | | Path Management |
|_____________| |________________________________|
----------
| TSN=17 |
----------
| | <- still missing
----------
| TSN=15 |
----------
| TSN=14 |
----------
| | <- still missing
----------
| TSN=12 |
----------
| TSN=11 |
----------
| TSN=10 |
----------
----- -------- (frm any state)
/ \ / rcv ABORT [ABORT]
rcv INIT | | | ---------- or ----------
--------------- | v v delete TCB snd ABORT
generate Cookie \ +---------+ delete TCB
snd INIT ACK ---| CLOSED |
+---------+
/ \ [ASSOCIATE]
/ \ ---------------
| | create TCB
| | snd INIT
| | strt init timer
rcv valid | |
COOKIE ECHO | v
(1) ---------------- | +------------+
create TCB | | COOKIE-WAIT| (2)
snd COOKIE ACK | +------------+
| |
| | rcv INIT ACK
| | -----------------
| | snd COOKIE ECHO
| | stop init timer
| | strt cookie timer
| v
| +--------------+
| | COOKIE-ECHOED| (3)
| +--------------+
| |
| | rcv COOKIE ACK
| | -----------------
| | stop cookie timer
v v
+---------------+
| ESTABLISHED |
+---------------+
| | (D)rcv SHUTDOWN ACK
| |--------------
| | stop shutdown timer
| | send SHUTDOWN COMPLETE
| | delete TCB
| |
\ +---------+ /
\-->| CLOSED |<--/
+---------+
/--- INIT ACK [Veri Tag=Tag_A,
/ I-Tag=Tag_Z,
(Cancel T1-init timer) <------/ Cookie_Z, & other info]
(destroy temp TCB)
COOKIE ECHO [Cookie_Z] ------\
(Start T1-init timer) \
(Enter COOKIE-ECHOED state) \---> (build TCB enter ESTABLISHED
state)
/---- COOKIE-ACK
/
(Cancel T1-init timer, <-----/
Enter ESTABLISHED state)
{app sends 1st user data; strm 0}
DATA [TSN=initial TSN_A
Strm=0,Seq=1 & user data]--\
(Start T3-rtx timer) \
\->
/----- SACK [TSN Ack=init
TSN_A,Block=0]
(Cancel T3-rtx timer) <------/
...
{app sends 2 messages;strm 0}
/---- DATA
/ [TSN=init TSN_Z
<--/ Strm=0,Seq=1 & user data 1]
SACK [TSN Ack=init TSN_Z, /---- DATA
Block=0] --------\ / [TSN=init TSN_Z +1,
\/ Strm=0,Seq=2 & user data 2]
<------/\
\
\------>
Endpoint A Endpoint Z
<-------------- Association is established---------------------->
Tag=Tag_A Tag=Tag_Z
<--------------------------------------------------------------->
{A crashes and restarts}
{app sets up a association with Z}
(build TCB)
INIT [I-Tag=Tag_A'
& other info] --------\
(Start T1-init timer) \
(Enter COOKIE-WAIT state) \---> (find a existing TCB
compose temp TCB and Cookie_Z
with Tie-Tags to previous
association)
/--- INIT ACK [Veri Tag=Tag_A',
/ I-Tag=Tag_Z',
(Cancel T1-init timer) <------/ Cookie_Z[TieTags=
Tag_A,Tag_Z
& other info]
(destroy temp TCB,leave original
in place)
COOKIE ECHO [Veri=Tag_Z',
Cookie_Z
Tie=Tag_A,
Tag_Z]----------\
(Start T1-init timer) \
(Enter COOKIE-ECHOED state) \---> (Find existing association,
Tie-Tags match old tags,
Tags do not match i.e.
case X X M M above,
Announce Restart to ULP
and reset association).
/---- COOKIE-ACK
/
(Cancel T1-init timer, <-----/
Enter ESTABLISHED state)
{app sends 1st user data; strm 0}
DATA [TSN=initial TSN_A
Strm=0,Seq=1 & user data]--\
(Start T3-rtx timer) \
\->
/----- SACK [TSN Ack=init TSN_A,Block=0]
(Cancel T3-rtx timer) <------/
DATA [TSN=8,Strm=0,Seq=4] ------------> (send ack)
/------- SACK [TSN Ack=8,block=0]
(cancel T3-rtx timer) <-----/
DATA [TSN=9,Strm=0,Seq=5] ------------> (ack delayed)
(Start T3-rtx timer)
...
{App sends 1 message; strm 1}
(bundle SACK with DATA)
/----- SACK [TSN Ack=9,block=0] \
/ DATA [TSN=6,Strm=1,Seq=2]
(cancel T3-rtx timer) <------/ (Start T3-rtx timer)
Endpoint A Endpoint Z
{App begins to send}
Data [TSN=7,Strm=0,Seq=3] ------------> (ack delayed)
(Start T3-rtx timer)
{App sends 1 message; strm 1}
(bundle ack with data)
DATA [TSN=8,Strm=0,Seq=4] ----\ /-- SACK [TSN Ack=7,Block=0]
\ / DATA [TSN=6,Strm=1,Seq=2]
\ / (Start T3-rtx timer)
\
/ \
(Re-start T3-rtx timer) <------/ \--> (ack delayed)
(ack delayed)
{send ack}
SACK [TSN Ack=6,Block=0] --------------> (Cancel T3-rtx timer)
..
(send ack)
(Cancel T3-rtx timer) <-------------- SACK [TSN Ack=8,Block=0]
DATA [TSN=8,Strm=0,Seq=4] ---------------> (gap detected,
immediately send ack)
/----- SACK [TSN Ack=6,Block=1,
/ Strt=2,End=2]
<-----/
(remove 6 from out-queue,
and mark 7 as "1" missing report)
\ | / .
+---------------+ WAN . +------------------------------+
|Regional Router|-----------------|Stub Router w/NAT and SNMP ALG|
+---------------+ . +------------------------------+
| . |
| . | LAN
+----------+ . ---------------
| Manager | Stub border Managed network
+----------+
Result
+----------+
| |
| V
+--------+ +-------+ +--------+
Incoming | | | | | | Outgoing
Packet ==>| RAS |==>| Meter |==>| Marker |==>Packet
Stream | | | | | | Stream
+--------+ +-------+ +--------+
^
Shaping rate |
|
|
MIR | =========
| //
| //
EAR(t) |----------------//
| //
| //
CIR |============
|
|
|
|------------+---------+----------------------->
CIR_th MIR_th Buffer occupancy
^
Shaping rate |
|
MIR | ======
| ///
| ///
PIR | ///
| //
| //
EAR(t) |----------------//
| //
| //
CIR |============
|
|
|
|------------+---------+--------+-------------------->
CIR_th PIR_th MIR_th Buffer occupancy
Status Result
+----------+ +----------+
| | | |
V | | V
+--------+ +-------+ +--------+
Incoming | green | | | | | Outgoing
Packet ==>| RAS |==>| Meter |==>| Marker |==>Packet
Stream | | | | | | Stream
+--------+ +-------+ +--------+
2.5 msec, 34 Mbps 2.5 msec, 34 Mbps
<--------------> <-------------->
\+---+ +---+/
-| C1|--------------+ +--------------|C1'|-
/+---+ | | +---+\
\+---+ | | +---+/
-| C2|------------+ | | +------------|C2'|-
/+---+ | | | | +---+\
\+---+ | | | | +---+/
-| C3|----------+ | | | | +----------|C3'|-
/+---+ | | | | | | +---+\
\+---+ | | | | | | +---+/
-| C4|--------+ +-+----------+ +----------+-+ +--------|C4'|-
/+---+ | | | | | | +---+\
\+---+ +---| | | |---+ +---+/
-| C5|------------| ER1 |-----| ER2 |------------|C5'|-
/+---+ +---| | | |---+ +---+\
\+---+ | | | | | | +---+/
-| C6|--------+ +----------+ +----------+ +--------|C6'|-
/+---+ |||| |||| +---+\
\+---+ |||| <-------> |||| +---+/
-| C7|------------+||| 70 Mbps |||+------------|C7'|-
/+---+ ||| 10 msec ||| +---+\
\+---+ ||| ||| +---+/
-| C8|-------------+|| ||+-------------|C8'|-
/+---+ || || +---+\
\+---+ || || +---+/
-| C9|--------------+| |+--------------|C9'|-
/+---+ | | +---+\
\+---+ | | +----+/
-|C10|---------------+ +---------------|C10'|-
/+---+ +----+\
Figure A.1. the simulation model.
+---------+ @
+ ->| | -+-
/|Protocol| | |
/ | / +---------+ / \
/ | "B"
+ | /
| |<-
+-------+ | |
O | | | |
-+- | |<--------->| |
| | | Protocol | |
/ \ | | "A" | |<-
+-------+ | |Protocol
| | \
+ | "A" +---------+ @
\ | \ | | -+-
\ | ->| | |
\| +---------+ / \
+
+-------------------------------------+
|+====+ |
HTTP <-->+| |<------+ (Full chaining) |
|| | | |
|+====+ | |
| | +----+|
| | Referral-->| ||
| | Result <--| |+<--> Whois++
| | +----+|
|+====+ | |
SMTP <-->+| |<------+ (Full chaining) |
|| | | |
|+====+ | |
| | +----+|
| | Referral-->| ||
| | Result <--| |+<--> LDAPv2
| | +----+|
|+====+ | |
Whois++<-->+| |<------+ (Chain LDAPv2/3) |
|| | | |
|+====+ | |
| | +----+|
| | Referral-->| ||
| | Result <--| |+<--> LDAPv3
| | +----+|
|+====+ | |
LDAPv2 <-->+| |<------+ (Full chaining) |
|| | | |
|+====+ | |
| | |
|+====+ | |
LDAPv3 <-->+| |<------+ (Chain Whois++) |
|| | | |
|+====+ | |
| | |
| v |
| +-----------------------+ |
| | Referral Index |<---------------> Common
| | | | Indexing Protocol
| +-----------------------+ | (CIP)
+-------------------------------------+
+-----------------+
(1) |-----+ Country A | +-------+
------>|Prot1| DAG | |A-WSDP1|
<------| CAP | +-----| | Prot1 |
(2) |-----+ |Prot1| +-------+
| | SAP |
----+ | +-----| +-------+
(3)| | +-------+ | |A-WDSP2|
| | | RI-A | | | Prot1 |
| +-----------------+ +-------+
|
| +-------+
| |A-WDSP3|
| | Prot2 |
+----------------+ +-------+
| [...]
|
| +-----------------+
| |-----+ Country B | +-------+
+-------->|Prot1| DAG | |B-WSDP1|
| CAP | +-----| | Prot2 |
|-----+ |Prot1| +-------+
| | SAP |
| +-----| +-------+
| +-------+ | |B-WDSP2|
| | RI-B | | | Prot1 |
+-----------------+ +-------+
[...]
+-----------------+
(1) |-----+ Country A | +-------+
------>|Prot1| DAG | |A-WSDP1|
<------| CAP | +-----| | Prot1 |
(2) |-----+ |Prot1| +-------+
| | SAP |
----+ | +-----| +-------+
(3)| | +-------+ | |A-WDSP2|
| | | RI-A | | | Prot1 |
| +-----------------+ +-------+
|
| +-------+
| |A-WDSP3|
| | Prot2 |
+----------------+ +-------+
| [...]
|
| +-----------------+
| |-----+ Country B | +-------+
| |Prot3| DAG | |B-WSDP1|
| | CAP | +-----| | Prot3 |
| |-----+ |Prot3| +-------+
| |---------+ | SAP |
| |Country A| +-----|
+-------->|CAP:Prot1| |
|---------+ | +-------+
| +-------+ | |B-WDSP2|
| | RI-B | | | Prot3 |
+-----------------+ +-------+
[...]
+-------------------------------------------+
"a" | | +--------+ |
<-----> CAP a | | SAP A | |
| | | | |
|---------+ +-+------+---+ |
| |(Internal)| |
| "DAG/IP" | Server i | |
| +----------+ |
| |
| |
| +--------+ | "B"
| | SAP B <-------------->
| | | |
| +--------+ |
| |
+-------------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------+
"a" | | +--------+ |
<-----> CAP a | | SAP A | |
| | | | |
|---------+ +-+------+---+ |
| |(Internal)| |
| "DAG/IP" | Server i | |
| +----------+ |
| |
| +--------+ | "B"
| | SAP B <-------------->
| | | |
| +--------+ |
| |
| +--------+ | "C"
|---------+ | SAP C <-------------->
"b" | | | | |
<-----> CAP b | +--------+ |
| | |
|---------+ +--------+ |
| | SAP D | |
| | | |
| +-+------+---+ |
| |(Internal)| |
| | Server j | |
| +----------+ |
| |
| +--------+ | "E"
| | SAP E <-------------->
| | | |
| +--------+ |
+-------------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------+
"a" | | +--------+ |
<-----> CAP a | | SAP A | |
| | | | |
|---------+ +-+------+---+ |
| |(Internal)| |
| "DAG/IP" | Server i | |
| +----------+ |
| |
| |
| +--------+ | "B"
|---------+ | SAP B <-------------->
"b" | | | | |
<-----> CAP b | +--------+ |
| | |
|---------+ +--------+ |
| | SAP C | |
| | | |
| +-+------+---+ |
| |(Internal)| |
| | Server j | |
| +----------+ |
+-------------------------------------------+
Local Domain Home Domain
+--------------+ +----------------------+
| +------+ | | +------+ |
| | | | | | | |
| | AAAL | | | | AAAH | |
| | +-------------------+ | |
| +---+--+ | | +------+ |
| | | | |
| | | +----------------------+
+------+ | +---+--+ |
| | | | | | C = client
| C |- -|- -| A | | A = attendant
| | | | | | AAAL = local authority
+------+ | +------+ | AAAH = home authority
| |
+--------------+
+------+ +------+
| | | |
| AAAL +--------------+ AAAH |
| | | |
+---+--+ +--+---+
| |
| |
+---+--+ +--+---+
C = client | | | |
A = attendant | A | | C |
AAAL = local authority | | | |
AAAH = home authority +------+ +------+
Local Domain Home Domain
+--------------+ +----------------------+
| +------+ | | +------+ |
| | | | | | | |
| | AAAL | | | | AAAH | |
| | +-------------------+ | |
| +---+--+ | | +--+---+ |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
+------+ | +---+--+ | | +--+---+ |
| | | | | | | | | |
| MN +- -|- -+ FA + -- -- -- -- - + HA | |
| | | | | | | | | |
+------+ | +------+ | | +------+ |
| | | |
+--------------+ +----------------------+
+-------------------------+ +--------------+
| +------+ +------+ | | +------+ |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | HA +----+ AAAL | | | | AAAH | |
| | | | +-------------------+ | |
| +-+----+ +---+--+ | | +------+ |
| | | | | Home Domain |
| | +- - - - - + | +--------------+
+------+ | +-+--+-+ |
| | | | | |
| MN +------+ FA | |
| | | | | Local Domain |
+------+ | +------+ |
+-------------------------+
+-------------------------+
| +------+ +------+ |
| | | | | |
| | HA +----+ AAAL | |
| | | | | |
| +--+---+ +----+-+ |
| | | |
| +- - - - - + | |
+------+ | +-+--+-+ |
| | | | | |
| MN +- -|- - - - - - - + FA | |
| | | Local Domain | | |
+------+ | +------+ |
+-------------------------+
Local Domain Home Domain
+--------------+ +----------------------+
| +------+ | +------+ | +------+ |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | AAAL +-------+ AAAB +--------+ AAAH | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| +------+ | +------+ | +------+ |
| | | | |
| | | +----------------------+
+------+ | +---+--+ |
| | | | | | C = client
| C +- -|- -+ A | | A = attendant
| | | | | | AAAL = local authority
+------+ | +------+ | AAAH = home authority
| | AAAB = broker authority
+--------------+
+--------- [2 - Outer] -->>
/
/
>>---- [1 - Before] -------- Encapsulate ------ [3 - Inner] -->>
>>----[5 - Outer]-------------+
\
\
>>----[4 - Inner] --------- Decapsulate ---- [6 - After] -->>
| |
+-----|-------------------|------+
/ | | \
>>-----------I-------|-------------------|--------E---------->>
| |
Ingress DS Domain RFC 791 Egress DS domain
IP Precedence
Domain
0123456701234567012345670123456701234567
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
+-------+-+-----+---+---+-----+-+-------+
| 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 |
+---------+---------+---------+---------+
0123456789012345678901234567890123456789
0123456701234567012345670123456701234567
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
+-------+-+-----+---+---+-----+-+-------+
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 |
+---------+---------+---------+---------+
0123456789012345678901234567890123456789
-------- --------
| Host A |-----| Host B |
-------- | --------
-----------------
| |
------ ------
| AD 1 | | AD 2 |
------ ------
\ /
--------
/Internet\
----------
----------------------------------------
| Corporate Network |
| Asia |------| Americas |------| Europe |
------ ---------- --------
| | |
-------- -------- --------
|NAT/ALGs| |NAT/ALGs| |NAT/ALGs|
-------- -------- --------
| | |
--------------------------------------------
| Internet |
--------------------------------------------
| | |
-------- -------- --------
|NAT/ALGs| |NAT/ALGs| |NAT/ALGs|
-------- -------- --------
| | |
------------------ -------------- ----------------
Home Telecommuters Branch Offices Partner Networks
------------------ -------------- ----------------
-------- --------
| Host A |-----| Host B |
-------- | --------
--------
|NAT/RSIP|
--------
|
--------
|Internet|
--------
|
---------
| Web |
| Server |
---------
-------- --------
| Host A | | Host B |
| Foo | | Bar |
-------- --------
| |
---- ----
|Rtr1|---X1---|Rtr2|
---- ----
| |
---- ----
|NAT1| |NAT2|
---- ----
| |
--------------
|Rtr Rtr|
| / Internet \ | ---
|Rtr----X2---Rtr|----|DNS|
-------------- ---
| |
| |
-------- --------
| Host C | | Host D |
-------- --------
-------- --------
| Host A | | Host B |
| Foo |-----| Bar |
-------- | -------- ---
|-------------|DNS|
--- ---
|NAT|
---
|
-------- ---
|Internet|----|DNS|
-------- ---
|
---
|NAT|
--- ---
|-------------|DNS|
-------- | -------- ---
| Host C |-----| Host D |
| Foo | | Bar |
-------- --------
--------------- ----------------
| 10.10.10.10 |--------L2TP-------| Assigned by A |
| Host A | --- --- | Host B |
| 10.1.1.1 |--|NAT|-----|NAT|--| 10.10.10.10 |
--------------- --- --- ----------------
+---------------------------+ | +--------------+
|+--------+propr-+---------+| PINT | |(Proxy Server)| PINT
||(ICW SL)|ietary|(UAC/UAS)||--- -||-----| ICW |----+
||SCF/SDF |------| SCGF || firewall |Server System | |
|+--------+ i/f +---------+| | +------------- + |
| SCP | | |
+------+--------------+-----+ | |
|INAP |INAP | firewall=====
| | | |
+---+---+ +---+---+ |
| IP | | SSP | |
+-------+ +---+---+ +-------------+
| +---+ | (UAC/UAS) |
+---+---+ || || | ICW |
|---------| LEX |-------------- + + |Client System|
+---+ +-------+ +++++----+-------------+
|| || (callee)
+ + ICW Subscriber's Phone and PC
+++++
(caller)
+---------+ +-------------+ +---------+
|(UAC/UAS)|PINT 1.0| (Proxy) |PINT 1.0|(UAC/UAS)|
| |--------| ICW |--------| ICW |
| SCGF | | Server | | Client |
+---------+ +-------------+ +---------+
ICW Subscriber ICW Server SCGF SCF/SDF SSF/CCF Calling
ICW Client party
(DN1/IP1) (IP2) (IP3) (DN2)
| | | | | |
0A | | | | |
0BREG(DN1,IP1)| | | | |
1 |----------->|REG(DN1,IP1)| | | |
2 | |----------->| | | |
| | 2A | | |
| | |reg(DN1,IP1)| | |
3 | | |-.-.-.-.-.->| | |
| | | 3A | |
| | | reg ok 3B | |
4 | | |<-.-.-.-.-.-| | |
| | 200 OK 4A | | |
5 | |<-----------| | | |
| 200 OK 5A | | | |
6 |<-----------| | | | |
6A | | | | |
| | | | | |
ICW Subscriber ICW Server SCGF SCF/SDF SSF/CCF Calling
ICW Client party
(DN1/IP1) (IP2) (IP3) (DN2)
| | | | | |
| | | | setup(DN1,DN2)|
1 | | | | |<+++++++++++|
| | | | 1A |
| | | IDP(T-busy,DN1)| |
2 | | | |<--.--.--.--| |
| | | 2A | |
| | | 2B | |
| | | 2C | |
| | noti(DN1,IP1,DN2)| | |
3 | | |<-.-.-.-.-.-| | |
| | 3A | | |
| INV(DN1,IP1,DN2)| | | |
4 | |<-----------| | | |
| 4A | | | |
| | 100 Trying | | | |
5 | |----------->| | | |
INV(DN1,IP1,DN2)| | | | |
6 |<-----------| | | | |
6A | | | | |
| 100 Trying | | | | |
7 |----------->| | | | |
| | | | | |
-----> PINT Protocol -.-.-> SCP Internal API
--.--> INAP Protocol +++++> ISUP Protocol
=====> Bearer
ICW Subscriber ICW Server SCGF SCF/SDF SSF/CCF Calling
ICW Client party
(DN1/IP1) (IP2) (IP3) (DN2)
| | | | | |
0A 200 OK | | | | |
1 |----------->| | | | |
1A | | | | |
1B | 200 OK | | | |
2 | |----------->| | | |
| | ACK 2A | | |
3 | |<-----------| | | |
| | |Accept(DN1,IP1,DN2) | |
4 | | |-.-.-.-.-.->| | |
| | | |Connect(DN1,DN2) |
5 | | | |--.--.--.-->| |
| | | Setup(DN1,DN2)| |
6 |<++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| |
|<==============================6A==============================>|
| | | | ERB | |
7 | | | |<--.--.--.--| |
| | | ok | | |
8 | | |<-.-.-.-.-.-| | |
| | 8A | | |
| | BYE | | | |
9 | |<-----------| | | |
| 9A | | | |
| | | | | |
-----> PINT Protocol -.-.-> SCP Internal API
--.--> INAP Protocol +++++> ISUP Protocol
=====> Bearer
ICW Subscriber ICW Server SCGF SCF/SDF SSF/CCF Calling Another
ICW Client party Phone
(DN1/IP1) (IP2) (IP3) (DN2) (DN3)
| | | | | | |
0A | | | | | |
|303 SeeOther | | | | |
1 |--------->| | | | | |
1A ACK | | | | | |
2 |<---------|303 SeeOther | | | |
3 | |--------->| | | | |
| | ACK 3A | | | |
4 | |<---------|Connect(DN2,DN3) | | |
5 | | |-.-.-.-.->| | | |
| | | |Connect(DN2,DN3) | |
6 | | | |.--.--.-->| | |
| | | | |Setup(DN2,DN3) |
7 | | | | ++++++++++++++++++++>|
8 | | | | ERB | |<===5A==>|
| | | |<--.--.--.| | |
| | | ok | | | |
9 | | |<-.-.-.-.-| | | |
| | BYE 9A | | | |
10 | |<---------| | | | |
| BYE 10A | | | | |
11 |<---------| | | | | |
11A | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
-----> PINT Protocol -.-.-> SCP Internal API
--.--> INAP Protocol +++++> ISUP Protocol
=====> Bearer
ICW Subscriber ICW Server SCGF SCF/SDF SSF/CCF Calling
ICW Client party
(DN1/IP1) (IP2) (IP3) (DN2)
| | | | | |
0A | | | | |
| 0B | | | |
| |Unreg(DN1,IP1) | | |
1 | |----------->| | | |
| | 1A | | |
| | |Unreg(DN1,IP1) | |
2 | | |-.-.-.-.-.->| | |
| | | 2A | |
| | | ok 2B | |
3 | | |<-.-.-.-.-.-| | |
| | 3A | | |
| | 200 OK | | | |
4 | |<-----------| | | |
| 4A | | | |
| | | | | |
-----> PINT Protocol -.-.-> SCP Internal API
--.--> INAP Protocol +++++> ISUP Protocol
=====> Bearer
+------------+
| Compact | +-------------+
| Service | | Service |
+-----| Node (CSN) | | Management |
| | OCC Server | | System (SMS)|
| | OCC CSN SPA| +-------------+
| +-------:--|-+ |
| | +-------------[ IP INTRANET ]---------+
===== firewall : |
| | |
| +-------+ +-------+
| |Central|-..-..-..-..-..-..-..-..-..-..-|Service|
| +-%-|Office |-..-..-: |Control|
| | +---|---+ | |Point |
| % | : | (SCP) |
| | +--|---+ +-------+ +----------+ |OCC SCP|
| % | PC | | VoIP | | VoIP | | SPA |
| | |OCC Cl| |Gateway| |Gatekeeper| +-------+
| % +------+ +---|---+ +-----|----+
| | ===== firewall =====
| % | |
| | +---------------|---+ |
| +-%-| |----------+
+----------| I N T E R N E T |
| |
+-------------------+
+-------------------------------------------------------+
|DN | PIN | IP Address | Session Key | CNF | Language ID|
+-------------------------------------------------------+
+-----------+ INAP +-----+ SIP +--------------------------+
| CSN node |--------| SCG |-------| NS (SIP Redirect Server) |
+-----------+ +-----+ +--------------------------+
+------+ INAP +-----+ SIP +----------------+ SIP +----------+
| CSN |------| SCG |-----| NS |-----| Service |
| node | | | |(redirect/proxy)| |(redirect)|
+------+ +-----+ +----------------+ +----------+
________ ______________ ________
/ \ / \ / \
/ \ / \ / \
|---| | |---| |---| |---| |---| | |---|
|Tx |-| |ER1|---|BR1| |BR2|---|ER2| |-|Rx |
|---| | |-- | |---| |---| |---| | |---|
\ / \ / \ /
\________/ \______________/ \________/
Non-Diffserv region 2
________
/ \
| | |---|
________ _____________ | |-|Rx1|
/ \ / |--\ |---| | |---|
/ \ / /|BR2\-----\ER2| /
|---| | |---| |---| |--|/ |---| \--|____/
|Tx |-| |ER1|---|BR1|--|RR| | ________
|---| | |-- | |---| |--|\ |---| /--| \
\ / \ \|BR3/-----|ER3| | |---|
\________/ \__________|--/ |---| |-|Rx2|
| | |---|
Non-Diffserv region 1 Diffserv region \ /
\______/