+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ContentInfo |
| |
| +-----------------------------------------------------+ |
| | SignedData | |
| | | |
| | +-------------------------------------------------+ | |
| | | FirmwarePackage | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | +-------------------------------------------------+ | |
| +-----------------------------------------------------+ |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ContentInfo |
| |
| +-----------------------------------------------------+ |
| | SignedData | |
| | | |
| | +-------------------------------------------------+ | |
| | | EncryptedData | | |
| | | | | |
| | | +---------------------------------------------+ | | |
| | | | FirmwarePackage | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | +---------------------------------------------+ | | |
| | +-------------------------------------------------+ | |
| +-----------------------------------------------------+ |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ContentInfo |
| |
| +-----------------------------------------------------+ |
| | SignedData | |
| | | |
| | +-------------------------------------------------+ | |
| | | ContentCollection | | |
| | | | | |
| | | +----------------------+ +--------------------+ | | |
| | | | SignedData | | SignedData | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | +------------------+ | | +----------------+ | | | |
| | | | | EncryptedData | | | | Firmware | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | Package | | | | |
| | | | | +--------------+ | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Firmware | | | | +----------------+ | | | |
| | | | | | Package | | | +--------------------+ | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | +--------------+ | | | | |
| | | | +------------------+ | | | |
| | | +----------------------+ | | |
| | +-------------------------------------------------+ | |
| +-----------------------------------------------------+ |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| CMS PATH RESULTING CMS PATH RESULTING |
| FROM FIGURE 1. FROM FIGURE 2. |
| |
| ContentInfo ContentInfo |
| | | |
| V V |
| SignedData SignedData |
| | | |
| V V |
| FirmwarePackage EncryptedData |
| | |
| V |
| FirmwarePackage |
| |
| |
| CMS PATHS RESULTING FROM FIGURE 3. |
| |
| ContentInfo |
| | |
| V |
| SignedData |
| | |
| V |
| ContentCollection |
| | |
| +----------+--------------+ |
| | | |
| V V |
| SignedData SignedData |
| | | |
| V V |
| EncryptedData FirmwarePackage |
| | |
| V |
| FirmwarePackage |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
Inputs
+ CMS path
|
|
_________V___________________
| |
| CMS processing and CCC |
| information collection |
|_____________________________|
|
|
V
Outputs upon success
+ Leaf node
+ Public keys used to authenticate content (cms_public_keys)
+ Authenticated attributes (cms_effective_attributes)
Inputs
+ leaf node
+ cms_public_keys
+ cms_effective_attributes
|
|
________________V_________________________________________
| |
| Content type and constraint checking |
| (uses CCC-aware Certification Path Processor internally)|
|__________________________________________________________|
|
|
V
Outputs upon success
+ cms_constraints
+ cms_default_attributes
+ cms_effective_attributes
+-------------------------+----------+
| Application Service Tag | SFUA.CFG |
+-------------------------+----------+
+------------+
+--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ --> | Systematic | --> +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+
+--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ | Parity FEC | +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+
| Encoder |
| (Sender) | --> +==+ +==+
+------------+ +==+ +==+
+------------+
+--+ X X +--+ --> | Systematic | --> +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+
+--+ +--+ | Parity FEC | +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+
| Decoder |
+==+ +==+ --> | (Receiver) |
+==+ +==+ +------------+
+-------------+ +-------------+ +-------------+ +-------+
| S_1 | | S_2 | | S3 | ... | S_L |
| S_L+1 | | S_L+2 | | S_L+3 | ... | S_2xL |
| . | | . | | | | |
| . | | . | | | | |
| . | | . | | | | |
| S_(D-1)xL+1 | | S_(D-1)xL+2 | | S_(D-1)xL+3 | ... | S_DxL |
+-------------+ +-------------+ +-------------+ +-------+
+ + + +
------------- ------------- ------------- -------
| XOR | | XOR | | XOR | ... | XOR |
------------- ------------- ------------- -------
= = = =
+===+ +===+ +===+ +===+
|C_1| |C_2| |C_3| ... |C_L|
+===+ +===+ +===+ +===+
--------------------------
/ Provider \
|----| | Backbone | |----|
Sender->| CE1| |-----| |-----| |CE2 |->Receiver
| |--| | |---| |---| | |---| |
|----| | | | P | | P | | | |----|
| PE1 |---| |-----| |-----| PE2 |
| | | | | | | |
| | |---| |---| | |
|-----| |-----|
| |
\ /
--------------------------
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| |
+ +
| VPN-IPv4 AggregatorAddress (12 bytes) |
+ +
| |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| |
+ +
| |
+ VPN-IPv6 AggregatorAddress (24 bytes) +
/ /
. .
/ /
| |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
+------------------+---------------+-------------+
| keyword | argument name | yin-element |
+------------------+---------------+-------------+
| anyxml | name | false |
| argument | name | false |
| augment | target-node | false |
| base | name | false |
| belongs-to | module | false |
| bit | name | false |
| case | name | false |
| choice | name | false |
| config | value | false |
| contact | text | true |
| container | name | false |
| default | value | false |
| description | text | true |
| deviate | value | false |
| deviation | target-node | false |
| enum | name | false |
| error-app-tag | value | false |
| error-message | value | true |
| extension | name | false |
| feature | name | false |
| fraction-digits | value | false |
| grouping | name | false |
| identity | name | false |
| if-feature | name | false |
| import | module | false |
| include | module | false |
| input | <no argument> | n/a |
| key | value | false |
| leaf | name | false |
| leaf-list | name | false |
| length | value | false |
| list | name | false |
| mandatory | value | false |
| max-elements | value | false |
| min-elements | value | false |
| module | name | false |
| must | condition | false |
| namespace | uri | false |
| notification | name | false |
| ordered-by | value | false |
| organization | text | true |
| output | <no argument> | n/a |
| path | value | false |
| pattern | value | false |
| position | value | false |
| prefix | value | false |
| presence | value | false |
| range | value | false |
| reference | text | true |
| refine | target-node | false |
| require-instance | value | false |
| revision | date | false |
| revision-date | date | false |
| rpc | name | false |
| status | value | false |
| submodule | name | false |
| type | name | false |
| typedef | name | false |
| unique | tag | false |
| units | name | false |
| uses | name | false |
| value | value | false |
| when | condition | false |
| yang-version | value | false |
| yin-element | value | false |
+------------------+---------------+-------------+
|INVITE from TU
Timer A fires |INVITE sent Timer B fires
Reset A, V or Transport Err.
INVITE sent +-----------+ inform TU
+---------| |--------------------------+
| | Calling | |
+-------->| |-----------+ |
300-699 +-----------+ 2xx | |
ACK sent | | 2xx to TU | |
resp. to TU | |1xx | |
+-----------------------------+ |1xx to TU | |
| | | |
| 1xx V | |
| 1xx to TU +-----------+ | |
| +---------| | | |
| | |Proceeding | | |
| +-------->| | | |
| +-----------+ 2xx | |
| 300-699 | | 2xx to TU | |
| ACK sent, +--------+ +---------------+ |
| resp. to TU| | |
| | | |
| V V |
| +-----------+ +----------+ |
+------------->| |Transport Err. | | |
| Completed |Inform TU | Accepted | |
+--| |-------+ | |-+ |
300-699 | +-----------+ | +----------+ | |
ACK sent| ^ | | | ^ | |
| | | | | | | |
+----+ | | | +-----+ |
|Timer D fires | Timer M fires| 2xx |
|- | - | 2xx to TU |
+--------+ | +-----------+ |
NOTE: V V V |
Transitions +------------+ |
are labeled | | |
with the event | Terminated |<-----------------------+
over the action | |
to take. +------------+
|INVITE
|pass INV to TU
INVITE V send 100 if TU won't in 200 ms
send response+------------+
+--------| |--------+ 101-199 from TU
| | | | send response
+------->| |<-------+
| Proceeding |
| |--------+ Transport Err.
| | | Inform TU
| |<-------+
+------------+
300-699 from TU | |2xx from TU
send response | |send response
+--------------+ +------------+
| |
INVITE V Timer G fires |
send response +-----------+ send response |
+--------| |--------+ |
| | | | |
+------->| Completed |<-------+ INVITE | Transport Err.
| | - | Inform TU
+--------| |----+ +-----+ | +---+
| +-----------+ | ACK | | v | v
| ^ | | - | +------------+
| | | | | | |---+ ACK
+----------+ | | +->| Accepted | | to TU
Transport Err. | | | |<--+
Inform TU | V +------------+
| +-----------+ | ^ |
| | | | | |
| | Confirmed | | +-----+
| | | | 2xx from TU
Timer H fires | +-----------+ | send response
- | | |
| | Timer I fires |
| | - | Timer L fires
| V | -
| +------------+ |
| | |<----+
+------->| Terminated |
| |
+------------+
Application-layer traffic optimization
|
+--> Application-level topology estimation
| |
| +--> Coordinates-based systems
| | |
| | +--> GNP
| | |
| | +--> Vivaldi
| | |
| | +--> PIC
| |
| +--> Path selection services
| | |
| | +--> IDMaps
| | |
| | +--> Meridian
| | |
| | +--> Ono
| |
| +--> Link-layer Internet maps
| |
| +--> iPlane
|
+--> Topology estimation through layer cooperation
|
+--> P4P: Provider portal for applications
|
+--> Oracle-based ISPs and P2P cooperation
|
+--> ISP-driven informed path selection
-----------------
| KeyContainer |
|---------------|
| EncryptionKey |
| Signature |
| ... |
-----------------
|
|
/|\ 1..n
---------------- ----------------
| KeyPackage | 0..1| DeviceInfo |
|--------------|--------|--------------|
| |-- | SerialNumber |
---------------- | | Manufacturer |
| | | .... |
| | ----------------
/|\ 0..1 |
---------------- | --------------------
| Key | | 0..1| CryptoModuleInfo |
|--------------| -----|------------------|
| Id | | Id |
| Algorithm | |.... |
| UserId | --------------------
| Policy |
| .... |
----------------
|
|
/|\ 0..n
--------------------------------------- - -
| | |
------------------ ---------------- -------- - -
| Data:Secret | | Data:Counter | | Data:other
|----------------| |--------------| |-- - -
| EncryptedValue | | PlainValue |
| ValueMAC | ----------------
------------------
Algorithm | Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
------------------+-------------------------------------------------
RSA-OAEP-MGF1P | http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#rsa-oaep-mgf1p
PSKC Version | Specification
+---------------------------+----------------
| 1.0 | RFC 6030
+--------------------------------------+
| ContentInfo |
| |
| +----------------------------------+ |
| | SignedData | |
| | | |
| | +------------------------------+ | |
| | | EncryptedKeyPackage | | |
| | | (encrypted) | | |
| | | | | |
| | | +-------------------------+ | | |
| | | | SignedData | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | +---------------------+ | | | |
| | | | | SymmetricKeyPackage | | | | |
| | | | +---------------------+ | | | |
| | | +-------------------------+ | | |
| | +------------------------------+ | |
| +----------------------------------+ |
+--------------------------------------+
Bits: | 0 thru 7 | 8 thru N | N+1 thru 31 |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------------------+
Value: | 234 | Unicast Prefix | Group ID |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------------------+
Alice Proxy/Registrar Collector Bob
| | | |
| | | |
| REGISTER Allow-Event:vq-rtcpxr F1 | |
|------------------->| | |
| 200 OK F2 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| | SUBSCRIBE Event:vq-rtcpxr F3 |
| |<-------------------| |
| SUBSCRIBE Event:vq-rtcpxr F4 | |
|<-------------------| | |
| 200 OK F5 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | 200 OK F6 | |
| |------------------->| |
| INVITE F7 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | INVITE F8 | |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 200 OK F9 | |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| 200 OK F10 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| ACK F11 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | ACK F12 | |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| RTP | | |
|<============================================================>|
| RTCP, RTCP XR | |
|<============================================================>|
| | | |
| BYE F13 | | |
|------------------->| BYE F14 | |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 200 OK F15 | |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| 200 OK F16 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| NOTIFY Event:vq-rtcpxr F17 | |
|------------------->| | |
| | NOTIFY Event:vq-rtcpxr F18 |
| |------------------->| |
| | 200 OK F19 | |
| |<-------------------| |
| 200 OK F20 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
Alice Proxy/Registrar Collector Bob
| | | |
| | | |
| REGISTER Allow-Event:vq-rtcpxr F1 | |
|------------------->| | |
| 200 OK F2 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| | SUBSCRIBE Event:vq-rtcpxr F3 |
| |<-------------------| |
| SUBSCRIBE Event:vq-rtcpxr F4 | |
|<-------------------| | |
| 200 OK F5 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | 200 OK F6 | |
| |------------------->| |
| INVITE F7 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | INVITE F8 | |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 200 OK F9 | |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| 200 OK F10 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| ACK F11 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | ACK F12 | |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| RTP | | |
|<============================================================>|
| RTCP, RTCP XR | |
|<============================================================>|
| NOTIFY Event:vq-rtcpxr F13 | |
|------------------->| | |
| | NOTIFY Event:vq-rtcpxr F14 |
| |------------------->| |
| | 200 OK F15 | |
| |<-------------------| |
| 200 OK F16 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| | | |
| BYE F17 | | |
|------------------->| BYE F18 | |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 200 OK F19 | |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| 200 OK F20 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| NOTIFY Event:vq-rtcpxr F21 | |
|------------------->| | |
| | NOTIFY Event:vq-rtcpxr F22 |
| |------------------->| |
| | 200 OK F23 | |
| |<-------------------| |
| 200 OK F24 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
Alice Proxy/Registrar Collector Bob
| | | |
| | | |
| REGISTER Allow-Event:vq-rtcpxr F1 | |
|------------------->| | |
| 200 OK F2 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| INVITE F3 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | INVITE F4 | |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 200 OK F5 | |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| 200 OK F6 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| ACK F7 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | ACK F8 | |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| RTP | | |
|<============================================================>|
| RTCP | | |
|<============================================================>|
| | | |
| BYE F9 | | |
|------------------->| BYE F10 | |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 200 OK F11 | |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| 200 OK F12 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| PUBLISH Event:vq-rtcpxr F13 | |
|------------------->| | |
| | PUBLISH Event:vq-rtcpxr F14 |
| |------------------->| |
| | 200 OK F15 | |
| |<-------------------| |
| 200 OK F16 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
Alice Proxy/Registrar Collector Bob
| | | |
| INVITE F1 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | INVITE F2 | |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 200 OK F3 | |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| 200 OK F4 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| ACK F5 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | ACK F6 | |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| RTP | | |
|<============================================================>|
| RTCP | | |
|<============================================================>|
| PUBLISH Event:vq-rtcpxr F7 | |
|------------------->| | |
| | PUBLISH Event:vq-rtcpxr F8 |
| |------------------->| |
| | 200 OK F9 | |
| |<-------------------| |
| 200 OK F10 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| | | |
| BYE F11 | | |
|------------------->| BYE F12 | |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 200 OK F13 | |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| 200 OK F14 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
+---------------+
| P-IP Header |
+---------------+
| GRE |
++=============++ ++=============++ ++=============++
|| C-IP Header || || C-IP Header || || C-IP Header ||
++=============++ >>>>> ++=============++ >>>>> ++=============++
|| C-Payload || || C-Payload || || C-Payload ||
++=============++ ++=============++ ++=============++
+-----------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Incoming Header | Departing Outer Header |
| (also equal to +---------------+---------------+---------------+
| departing Inner | RFC 3168 ECN | RFC 3168 ECN | RFC 4301 IPsec|
| Header) | Limited | Full | |
| | Functionality | Functionality | |
+-----------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| Not-ECT | Not-ECT | Not-ECT | Not-ECT |
| ECT(0) | Not-ECT | ECT(0) | ECT(0) |
| ECT(1) | Not-ECT | ECT(1) | ECT(1) |
| CE | Not-ECT | ECT(0) | CE |
+-----------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
+---------+------------------------------------------------+
|Arriving | Arriving Outer Header |
| Inner +---------+------------+------------+------------+
| Header | Not-ECT | ECT(0) | ECT(1) | CE |
+---------+---------+------------+------------+------------+
RFC 3168->| Not-ECT | Not-ECT |Not-ECT |Not-ECT | <drop> |
RFC 4301->| Not-ECT | Not-ECT |Not-ECT |Not-ECT |Not-ECT |
| ECT(0) | ECT(0) | ECT(0) | ECT(0) | CE |
| ECT(1) | ECT(1) | ECT(1) | ECT(1) | CE |
| CE | CE | CE | CE | CE |
+---------+---------+------------+------------+------------+
+-----------------+-------------------------------+
| Incoming Header | Departing Outer Header |
| (also equal to +---------------+---------------+
| departing Inner | Compatibility | Normal |
| Header) | Mode | Mode |
+-----------------+---------------+---------------+
| Not-ECT | Not-ECT | Not-ECT |
| ECT(0) | Not-ECT | ECT(0) |
| ECT(1) | Not-ECT | ECT(1) |
| CE | Not-ECT | CE |
+-----------------+---------------+---------------+
+---------+------------------------------------------------+
|Arriving | Arriving Outer Header |
| Inner +---------+------------+------------+------------+
| Header | Not-ECT | ECT(0) | ECT(1) | CE |
+---------+---------+------------+------------+------------+
| Not-ECT | Not-ECT |Not-ECT(!!!)|Not-ECT(!!!)| <drop>(!!!)|
| ECT(0) | ECT(0) | ECT(0) | ECT(1) | CE |
| ECT(1) | ECT(1) | ECT(1) (!) | ECT(1) | CE |
| CE | CE | CE | CE(!!!)| CE |
+---------+---------+------------+------------+------------+
physically unprotected physically
<-protected domain-><--domain--><-protected domain->
+------------------+ +------------------+
| | M | |
| A-------->I=========>==========>E-------->B |
| | | |
+------------------+ +------------------+
<----IPsec secured---->
tunnel
^ outer header marking
|
100% +-----+---------+ The large square
| | | represents 100 packets
| 30 | |
| | | p_t = 12/(100-30)
p_t + +---------+ = 12/70
| | 12 | = 17%
0 +-----+---------+--->
0 30% 100% inner header marking
+---+ +-----+ +---+
| I | | KMS | | R |
+---+ +-----+ +---+
REQUEST_INIT
-------------------------------->
REQUEST_RESP
<--------------------------------
TRANSFER_INIT
---------------------------------------------------------------->
RESOLVE_INIT
<--------------------------------
RESOLVE_RESP
-------------------------------->
TRANSFER_RESP
<----------------------------------------------------------------
Pre-established trust relation Pre-established trust relation
<------------------------------> <------------------------------>
+---+ +-----+ +---+
| I | | KMS | | R |
+---+ +-----+ +---+
<--------------------------------------------------------------->
Security association based on ticket
+---+ +-----+ +---+
| I | | KMS | | R |
+---+ +-----+ +---+
Ticket Request
(1) <------------------------------> Ticket Transfer
<------------------------------------------------------------->
<------------------------------>
Ticket Resolve
Ticket Request
(2) <------------------------------> Ticket Transfer
<------------------------------------------------------------->
Ticket Transfer
(3) <------------------------------------------------------------->
<------------------------------>
Ticket Resolve
Ticket Transfer
(4) <------------------------------------------------------------->
REQUEST_INIT_PSK = ---->
HDR, T, RANDRi, [IDRi],
[IDRkms], TP, <---- REQUEST_RESP =
[IDRpsk], V HDR, T, [IDRkms],
TICKET, KEMAC, V
REQUEST_INIT_PK = ---->
HDR, T, RANDRi, [IDRi],
{CERTi}, [IDRkms], TP, <---- REQUEST_RESP =
[CHASH], PKE, SIGNi HDR, T, [IDRkms],
TICKET, KEMAC, V
TRANSFER_INIT = ---->
HDR, T, RANDRi, [IDRi],
[IDRr], {SP}, TICKET, < - - TRANSFER_RESP =
[KEMAC], V HDR, T, [RANDRr],
[IDRr], [RANDRkms],
{SP}, [KEMAC], V
RESOLVE_INIT_PSK = ---->
HDR, T, RANDRr, [IDRr],
[IDRkms], TICKET, <---- RESOLVE_RESP
[IDRpsk], V HDR, T, [IDRkms], KEMAC,
[IDRr], [RANDRkms], V
RESOLVE_INIT_PK = ---->
HDR, T, RANDRr, [IDRr],
{CERTr}, [IDRkms], TICKET, <---- RESOLVE_RESP
[CHASH], PKE, SIGNr HDR, T, [IDRkms], KEMAC,
[IDRr], [RANDRkms], V
+------+------------------+-----+------+
KEMAC | MPKi |..................| TGK | SALT |
+--+---+------------------+--+--+--+---+
| MPKi | |
v | |
CSB ID ----- auth_key ------ | |
+---------->| PRF |------------>| AUTH | | |
| ----- ------ | |
| ^ MAC | | |
| | RAND v | |
+--+--+------+----+---+--+--------+--+---+ | |
TRANSFER_INIT | HDR |......| RANDRi |..| TICKET |..| V | | |
+--+--+------+----+---+--+--------+--+---+ | |
| | RAND | |
| v | |
| CS ID ----- TGK | |
+---------->| PRF |<---------------------+ |
----- |
| TEK SALT |
v v
---------------------------------------
| Security Protocol, e.g., SRTP |
---------------------------------------
+------+--------------------------+-----+------+
KEMAC | MPKr |..........................| TGK | SALT |
+--+---+--------------------------+--+--+--+---+
| MPKr | |
v | |
----- MPKr' | |
| PRF |-------+ TGK | |
----- | | |
^ v | |
CSB ID | ----- auth_key ------ | |
+---------)------>| PRF |--------->| AUTH | | |
| | ----- ------ | |
| | ID Data ^ MAC | | |
| | RAND | RAND v | |
+--+--+---+--+--+---+---+----+----------+---+ | |
TRANSFER_RESP | HDR |...| MOD |...| RANDRr |..........| V | | |
+--+--+---+--+--+---+---+----+----------+---+ | |
| | | RAND v |
| | | ID Data ----- |
| +----------)------------------>| PRF | |
| | RAND ----- |
| v | |
| CS ID ----- TGK' | |
+---------------->| PRF |<------------------+ |
----- |
| TEK SALT |
v v
---------------------------------------
| Security Protocol, e.g., SRTP |
---------------------------------------
TRANSFER_INIT = ---->
HDR, T, [IDRi], [IDRr],
{SP}, [KEMAC], V < - - TRANSFER_RESP =
HDR, T, [IDRr],
{SP}, [KEMAC], V
TRANSFER_INIT = ---->
HDR, T, [IDRr], [IDRi],
{SP}, [KEMAC], V < - - TRANSFER_RESP =
HDR, T, [IDRi],
{SP}, [KEMAC], V
Next Payload | Value | Section
-------------+-------+--------
TR | 13 | 6.4
IDR | 14 | 6.6
RANDR | 15 | 6.8
TP | 16 | 6.10
TICKET | 17 | 6.10
Encr alg | Value | Comment
-----------+-------+---------------------------
AES-CM-256 | 3 | AES-CM using a 256-bit key
MAC alg | Value | Length
-----------------+-------+---------
HMAC-SHA-256-256 | 2 | 256 bits
Type | Value | Comments
----------+-------+---------------------
GTGK | 4 | Group TGK
GTGK+SALT | 5 | Group TGK + SALT
MPK | 6 | MIKEY Protection Key
TS Role | Value
-------------------------------+------
Time of issue (TRi) | 1
Start of validity period (TRs) | 2
End of validity period (TRe) | 3
Rekeying interval (TRr) | 4
ID Role | Value
------------------------+------
Initiator (IDRi) | 1
Responder (IDRr) | 2
KMS (IDRkms) | 3
Pre-Shared Key (IDRpsk) | 4
Application (IDRapp) | 5
RAND Role | Value
-------------------+------
Initiator (RANDRi) | 1
Responder (RANDRr) | 2
KMS (RANDRkms) | 3
+---+ +---+
| I | | R |
+---+ +---+
TRANSFER_INIT
---------------------------------------------------------------->
TRANSFER_RESP {KEMAC}
<----------------------------------------------------------------
+---+ +---+ +---+
| A | | B | | C |
+---+ +---+ +---+
Ticket Transfer
<-------------------------------> Ticket Transfer
<--------------------------------------------------------------->
+---+ +---+ +---+
| A | | B | | C |
+---+ +---+ +---+
Ticket Transfer
<-------------------------------> Ticket Transfer
<------------------------------->
+---+ +---+ +-------+ +-------+
| I | | R | | KMS R | | KMS I |
+---+ +---+ +-------+ +-------+
TRANSFER_INIT
--------------------> RESOLVE_INIT
- - - - - - - - - - -> RESOLVE_INIT
- - - - - - - - - - ->
RESOLVE_RESP
RESOLVE_RESP <- - - - - - - - - - -
TRANSFER_RESP < - - - - - - - - - -
<--------------------
----- auth_key ------
----- TPK | |----------------------->| AUTH |
| TPK |----------->| | encr_key ------
----- | PRF |--------------------+ |
^ +-->| | salt_key | |
: | | |----------------+ | |
: | ----- | | |
: | v | |
identify : RAND | TS value ---- | | MAC
: | +------------>| IV | | |
: | | ---- | |
: | | IV | | |
: | | v v v
Ticket +---+----+---+--+---+---+-+-+------------+-------+---+---+
Data | IDRpsk |...| RAND |...| T |............| KEMAC |...| V |
+--------+---+------+---+---+------------+-------+---+---+
+---+ +-----+ +---+
| I | | KMS | | R |
+---+ +-----+ +---+
REQUEST_INIT
-------------------------------->
REQUEST_RESP
<--------------------------------
3830 MIKEY
---------------------------------------------------------------->
IWF* IWF*
network1 | network_2 |network_3
History-Info | Diversion |using
| |Hist-Info
| |
UA A P1 AS B | P2 AS C UA C AS D | UA E
| | | | | | | | | |
|INVITE | | | | | | | | |
|------>| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| |INVITE | | | | | | | |
| |------>| | | | | | | |
| |Supported: histinfo | | | | | |
| | History-Info: | | | | | |
| | <sip:proxyP1>; index=1, | | | | |
| | <sip:userB >; index=1.1 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | |INVITE | | | | | | |
| | |------>| | | | | | |
| | |History-Info: | | | | | |
| | |<sip:proxyP1>; index=1,| | | | |
| | |<sip:userB>; index=1.1 | | | | |
| | |<sip:userC>; cause=302; index=1.1.1 | | |
IWF* IWF*
SIP network using | SIP network using |SIP net.
History-Info | Diversion |using
| Hist-Info
| |
UA A P1 AS B | P2 AS C UA C AS D | UA E
| | | | | | | | | |
|INV B | | | | | | | | |
|------>| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| |INV B | | | | | | | |
| |------>| | | | | | | |
| |Supported: histinfo | | | | | |
| | History-Info: | | | | | |
| | <sip:proxyP1>; index=1, | | | | |
| | <sip:userB >; index=1.1 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | |INV C | | | | | | |
| | |------>| | | | | | |
| | |History-Info: | | | | | |
| | <sip:proxyP1>; index=1,| | | | |
| | <sip:userB>; index=1.1 | | | | |
| | <sip:userC; cause=302>; index=1.1.1 | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | |INV C | | | | | |
| | | |----->| | | | | |
| | | |Diversion: | | | | |
| | | |B reason= unconditional counter=1 | |
| | | |History-Info: | | | | |
| | | <sip:proxyP1>; index=1,| | | |
| | | <sip:userB>; index=1.1 | | | |
| | | <sip:proxyP2; cause=302>; index=1.1.1 |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |INV C | | | | |
| | | | |------>| | | | |
| | | | No modification of Diversion due to P2|
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |INV C | | | |
| | | | | |------>| | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |<--180-| | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | No response timer expire | |
| | | | | |---INV D --->| | |
| | |Diversion: | | |
| | |userC; reason=no-answer; counter=1; privacy=full, |
| | |userB; reason=unconditional; counter=1; privacy=off,
| | | History-Info: | | |
| | | <sip:proxyP1>; index=1, | | |
| | | <sip:userB>; index=1.1 | | |
| | | <sip:proxyP2; cause=302>; index=1.1.1 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |INV E | |
| | | | | | | |----->| |
| | |Diversion: | |
| | |userD; reason=time-of-day; counter=1; privacy=off |
| | |userC; reason=no-answer; counter=1; privacy=full, |
| | |userB; reason=unconditional; counter=1; privacy=off,
| | | History-Info: | |
| | | <sip:proxyP1>; index=1, | |
| | | <sip:userB>; index=1.1 | |
| | | <sip:proxyP2; cause=302>; index=1.1.1 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | INV E |
| | | | | | | | |------>|
| | | History-Info: |
| | | <sip:proxyP1>; index=1, |
| | | <sip:userB ?privacy=none>; index=1.1, |
| | | <sip:proxyP2; cause=302>; index=1.1.1, |
| | | <sip:userC ?privacy=history>; index=1.1.1.1, |
| | <sip:userD; cause=408 ?privacy=none>; index=1.1.1.1.1,
| | | <sip:userE; cause=404>; index=1.1.1.1.1.1 |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
___________ __________
| | | |
| RID |__________-------------___________| RID |
|_________| | NP Border | |________|
-------------
_______ _______ _______
| | | | | |
__| RID |____-------------____| RID |____-------------____| RID |__
|_____| | NP Border | |_____| | NP Border | |_____|
| ------------- ------------- |
|_______________________________________________________|
Header field where proxy ACK BYE CAN INV OPT REG SUB
_______________________________________________________________
P-Asserted-Service R admr - - - o o - o
Header field NOT PRA INF UPD MSG REF PUB
_______________________________________________________________
P-Asserted-Service - - - - o o o
Header field where proxy ACK BYE CAN INV OPT REG SUB
_______________________________________________________________
P-Preferred-Service R dr - - - o o - o
Header field NOT PRA INF UPD MSG REF PUB
_______________________________________________________________
P-Preferred-Service - - - - o o o
Session| Number of receivers:
Bandwidth| 2 3 4 5 10 100 1000 10000
--+------------------------------------------------
8 kbps| 2.73 4.10 5.47 5.47 5.47 5.47 5.47 5.47
16 kbps| 2.50 2.50 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73
32 kbps| 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50
64 kbps| 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50
128 kbps| 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.41
256 kbps| 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70
512 kbps| 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35
1 Mbps| 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18
2 Mbps| 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09
4 Mbps| 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
C:-(0)----(2)----(7)<8>--(5)----(4)----(6)-----(11)----(9){10}-
| | | | | | | |
B:-(3)----(5)---(10)<8>--(8)----(7)----(9){7}--(14)----(12)----
| | | |
A:---------------(3)<8>--(1)-------------------(7){12}-(5)-----
+-----------------------------------------+
|Host |
| +-------------+ |
| | Application | |
| +------+------+ |
| | |
| +----+----+ |
| | DNS | |
| | Resolver| |
| | Library | |
| +----+----+ |
| | |
+-----------------------------------------+
|
_________|_________
/ \
/ \
/ \
| Internet |
\ /
\ /
\___________________/
We will discuss each of the above issues in subsequent sections. For
reference, Figure 2 depicts a more realistic architecture on typical
hosts today (which don't have IDNA inserted as a shim immediately
above the DNS resolver library). More generally, the host may be
attached to one or more local networks, each of which may or may not
be connected to the public Internet and may or may not have a private
namespace.
+-----------------------------------------+
|Host |
| +-------------+ |
| | Application | |
| +------+------+ |
| | |
| +------+------+ |
| | Generic | |
| | Name | |
| | Resolution | |
| | API | |
| +------+------+ |
| | |
| +-----+------+---+--+-------+-----+ |
| | | | | | | |
| +-+-++--+--++--+-++---+---++--+--++-+-+ |
| |DNS||LLMNR||mDNS||NetBIOS||hosts||...| |
| +---++-----++----++-------++-----++---+ |
| |
+-----------------------------------------+
|
______|______
/ \
/ \
/ local \
\ network /
\ /
\_____________/
|
_________|_________
/ \
/ \
/ \
| Internet |
\ /
\ /
\___________________/
+---------+ +---------+ +---------+ +---------+
| Optical | | Optical | | Optical | | Optical |
| Node | | Node | | Node | | Node |
+---------+ +---------+ +---------+ +---------+
/\ /\ /\ /\ /\ /\
|| || ||______ || _____|| ||
Coax Coax |__Coax| Coax |Coax__| Coax
|| || || || || ||
\/ \/ \/ \/ \/ \/
+=======+ +=======+ +=======+ +=======+ +=======+ +=======+
= Cable = = Cable = = Cable = = Cable = = Cable = = Cable =
= Modem = = Modem = = Modem = = Modem = = Modem = = Modem =
+=======+ +=======+ +=======+ +=======+ +=======+ +=======+
+---------------+ +---------------+
| Congestion | Instruct QoS Server | QoS |
| Management |******to Change QoS for****>| Server |
| Server | a Device | |
+----+---+------+ +-------+-------+
/\ /\ *
| | Relay Selected *
X +---Statistics: Bytes---+ QoS Action:
| Up/Down by Device | Change from PBE
X +-------+-------+ to BE, or from
| | Statistics | BE to PBE
X | Collection | *
Periodic SNMP | Server | *
Requests to +---------------+ *
Check CMTS Port /\ *
Utilization | *
Levels Statistics Sent *
| Periodically From CMTS *
X | *
| +-----------+-----------+ *
+-X-X-X-X-X-X->| CMTS in Headend |<********
+-----------------------+
H /\ /\ H
H Internet Traffic H
H to/from User H
H \/ \/ H
/+---------------------+\
/ | User's +---------+ |\
/ | Home | Cable | | \
| | Modem | |
============ | +---------+ |
= Notes: = +----------------------+
= ========================================================
= 1 - Statistics Collection Servers use IP Detail Records (IPDR). =
= 2 - QoS Servers use PacketCable Multimedia (PCMM) =
= to set QoS gates on the CMTS. =
= 3 - This figure is a simplification of the actual network and =
= servers, which included redundancies and other complexities =
= not necessary to depict the functional design. =
===================================================================
Figure 3
+------+ +----+ +----+ +---+
| MN | |pMAG| |nMAG| |LMA|
+------+ +----+ +----+ +---+
IF2 IF1 | | |
| | | | |
| |- - - - - - - - - Attach | |
| | |---------------PBU--------------->|
| | |<--------------PBA----------------|
| |--------RtSol------->| | |
| |<-------RtAdv--------| | |
| Addr. | | |
| Conf. | | |
| |<--------------------|==================data============|--
| | | | |
|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Attach |
| | | |----------PBU-------->|
| | | |<---------PBA---------|
| | | |<-====data============|--
[A]?|<-----------NSol---------------------|<-====data============|--
| | | [B] ?|<-====data============|--
| | | ?|<-====data============|--
|-----------RtSol-------------------->|<-====data============|--
|<----------RtAdv---------------------| : |
Addr. | | | : |
Conf. | | | : |
|<-----------NSol---------------------| : |
|------------NAdv------------------->[C] |
!|<------------------------------------|======data============|--
| | | | |
| | | | |
+------+ +----+ +---+
| MN | |nMAG| |LMA|
+------+ +----+ +---+
IF2 IF1 | |
| |\ | |BCE exists
| | \ | | for pMAG
|- -|- - - - \- - - - Attach |
| | s\ |---------PBU----------->|BCE update
| | l\ |<--------PBA------------| for nMAG
| | o\ |
| | | w\ |
| | | l\ |
| | | i\ |
| | | n \ |packet dropped
| | | k --->| as BCE has only
| | | | entry for nMAG
| | | |
| | | |
+-----+ +----+ +----+ +-----+
| MN | |pMAG| |nMAG| | LMA |
+-----+ +----+ +----+ +-----+
| | | |[pMAG serves
| | | | MN as
| | | | Proxy-CoA]
| | | |
|<-----------------|===============data tunnel=====|--->data
| | | |
[Handoff | | |
Start] | | |
| | | |
e|-----------------------[MN Attach] |
x| | | |
e| | |---PBU(transient)--->|[Add nMAG to
c| | | | MN's BCE,
u| | |<--PBA(transient)----| enter trans-
t| | | | ient state]
i| | | |
o|<-----Dl+Ul-------|===============data tunnel=====|--->data
n|--------Ul------------------|=====data tunnel=====|--->data
| | | |
[Handoff/ | | |
Configuration | | |
Completed] | [HO Complete] |
| | |--------PBU--------->|[Activate
| | | | MN's BCE,
| | |<-------PBA ---------| update for-
| | | | warding path
| | | | to nMAG]
| | | |
|<---------------------------|=====data tunnel=====|--->data
| | | |
+----------------+ Before
PBU(nMAG) & PBA(LMA) | Active | Handover
+-----------------------| | --------
| | pMAG [Dl,Ul] | .
| *----------------* .
| | .
| | V
| PBU(nMAG, Topt) | PBU(nMAG) & PBA(LMA, Topt) .
| | .
| | .
| V Handover
| __________ Procedure
| / LMA \ .
| _________ / selects \ _________ .
| No| \ activation / |Yes .
| | \_state_?__/ | .
| | | V
| V V .
| +--------------+ +--------------+ .
| | Transient-L | | Transient-LA | .
| | | | | .
| | pMAG [Dl,Ul] | +-------| pMAG [Dl,Ul] | .
| | nMAG [Ul] | | | nMAG [Ul] | .
| +--------------+ | +--------------+ .
| | | |
| | PBU(pMAG, | PBU(nMAG) | TIMEOUT_1
| | lifetime=0)| | .
| | | V .
| | | +--------------+ .
| | | | Transient-A | .
| PBU(nMAG) | TIMEOUT_1 | | | .
| | | | nMAG [Dl,Ul] | .
| |PBU(pMAG, | | pMAG [Ul] | .
| | lifetime=0) | +--------------+ .
| | | |
| | | PBU(pMAG, | TIMEOUT_2
| | | lifetime=0)| .
| | | | V
| | | | -------
| | | | Handover
| | | V Complete
| | | +--------------+
| | +------->| Active |
| +-------------------------->| |
+----------------------------------------->| nMAG [Dl,Ul] |
+--------------+
+-----+ +----+ +----+ +-----+
| MN | |pMAG| |nMAG| | LMA |
+-----+ +----+ +----+ +-----+
| | | bi-directional |
| |<<<<<<<<======================>>>>>>>>|<-->
| | | |
| | | |
[Handoff Event] | | |
| [MN HO Event] | |
| | [HO Event Acquire] |
| | | |
[LL Attach to | | |
nMAG] | |-----PBU(transient)----->|
| | | [D]
| | |<-----PBA(transient)-----|
| | | |
| | bi-directional |
| |<--->|<<<<<<<<======================>>>>>>>>|<-->
| pAN | | |
| |----------->| | |
| | nAN | |
|<------------------| |uplink only |
|------------------>|---->|>>>>>>===========>>>>>>>>|--->
| | | |
| | [HO Complete] |
| | |----------PBU----------->|
| | | [E]
| | |<---------PBA -----------|
| |` | |
| | |<<<<<<<<=========>>>>>>>>|<-->
| | | |
+------+ +----+ +----+ +---+
| MN | |pMAG| |nMAG| |LMA|
+------+ +----+ +----+ +---+
IF2 IF1 | | |
| | | | |
| |- - - - - - - - - Attach | |
| | |---------------PBU--------------->|
| | |<--------------PBA----------------|
| |--------RtSol------->| | |
| |<-------RtAdv--------| | |
| Addr. | | |
| Conf. | | |
| |<------------------->|==================data============|<--->
| | | | |
|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Attach |
| | | |----PBU(transient)--->|
| | | |<---PBA(transient)---[F]
|------RAT Configuration--------------| |
| |<--------------------|==================data============|<---
|-------RtSol-(optional)------------->| |
|<-----------RtAdv--------------------| |
Addr. | | | |
Conf | | | |
|------------NSol-------------------->|---------PBU-------->[G]
| | | |<--------PBA----------|
|<------------------------------------|========data=========[H]<-->
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
Backbone Edge Bridge (BEB)
+------------------------------------------------------+
| <TE - Router ID > |
| |
| I-Component Relay B-Component Relay |
| +-----------------------+ +---------------------+ |
| | +---+ | | B-VID | |
| | |VIP| | | +---+ +---+ | | <TE Link>
| | +---+ | +---|CBP| |PNP|------
| | | | | +---+ +---+ | |
| | +---+ +---+ | | | | |
------|CNP| |PIP|----+ | | |
| | +---+ +---+ | | | |
| +-----------------------+ +---------------------+ |
| |
| PBB Edge Bridge |
+------------------------------------------------------+
Control TE Router ID TE Router ID
Plane | (TE Link) |
V | V
+----+ | +-----+
Data | | | | |
Plane | | V label=ESP:VID/MAC DA | |
-----N N----------------------------N N----------
| | PBB-TE | | \ Network
| | / | Or
+----+ /+-----+ Customer
BCB ESP:MAC IB-BEB Facing
Ethernet
Ports
Crypto DSKPP DSKPP Key Provisioning
Module Client Server Server
| | | |
| | | +---------------+
| | | |Server creates |
| | | |and stores |
| | | |Client ID and |
| | | |Auth. Code and |
| | | |delivers them |
| | | |to user out-of-|
| | | |band. |
| | | +---------------+
| | | |
| +----------------------+ | |
| |User enters Client ID,| | |
| |Auth. Code, and URL | | |
| +----------------------+ | |
| | | |
| |<-- 1. TLS handshake with --->| |
| | server auth. | |
| | | |
| | 2. <KeyProvClientHello> ---->| User -->|
| | | Auth. |
| |<-- [3. <KeyProvServerHello>] | |
| | | |
| | [4. <KeyProvClientNonce>] -->| |
| | | |
| |<- 5. <KeyProvServerFinished> | |
| | | |
| | | |
|<-- Key | | Key -->|
| Package | | Package |
Web DSKPP DSKPP Web
Browser Client Server Server
| | | |
|<-------- HTTPS browsing + some kind of user auth. --------->|
| | | |
| some HTTP request ----------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | |<------------->|
| | | |
|<----------------------- HTTP response with <KeyProvTrigger> |
| | | |
| Trigger ---->| | |
| | | |
| |<-- 1. TLS handshake with --->| |
| | server auth. | |
| | | |
| | ... continues... | |
+----------------------+ +----------------------+
| +------------+ | | |
| | Server key | | | |
| +<-| Public |------>------------->-------------+---------+ |
| | | Private | | | | | |
| | +------------+ | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| V V | | V V |
| | +---------+ | | +---------+ | |
| | | Decrypt |<-------<-------------<-----------| Encrypt | | |
| | +---------+ | | +---------+ | |
| | | +--------+ | | ^ | |
| | | | Server | | | | | |
| | | | Random |--->------------->------+ +----------+ | |
| | | +--------+ | | | | Client | | |
| | | | | | | | Random | | |
| | | | | | | +----------+ | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | V V | | V V | |
| | +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| +-->| DSKPP PRF | | | | DSKPP PRF |<----+ |
| +------------+ | | +------------+ |
| | | | | |
| V | | V |
| +-------+ | | +-------+ |
| | Key | | | | Key | |
| +-------+ | | +-------+ |
| +-------+ | | +-------+ |
| |Key Id |-------->------------->------|Key Id | |
| +-------+ | | +-------+ |
+----------------------+ +----------------------+
DSKPP Server DSKPP Client
DSKPP Client DSKPP Server
------------ ------------
[<---] AD, [DeviceID],
[KeyID], [URL_S]
DSKPP Client DSKPP Server
------------ ------------
SAL, [AD],
[DeviceID], [KeyID] --->
DSKPP Client DSKPP Server
------------ ------------
SAL, AD, R_C,
[DeviceID], [KeyID],
KPML --->
+--------------+
| Architecture |
+--------------+
v v
+<-<-<-<-<-<-<-<-+ +->->->->->->->->+
v v
+----------+ +----------+
| ESP | | AH |
| Protocol | | Protocol |
+----------+ +----------+
v v v v
v +->->->->->->->->+->->->->->->->->+ v v
v v v v v v
v v v v v v
v +------------+ +-----------+ +----------------+ v
v | +------------+ | +------------+ | +----------------+ v
v | | Encryption | | | Combined | | |Integ-Protection| v
v +-| Algorithm | +-| Algorithm | +-| Algorithm | v
v +------------+ +------------+ +----------------+ v
v v v v v
v v v v v
+>->->->-+->->->->->->->->->--<-<-<-<-<-<-<-<-<-+-<-<-<-<-+
^
^
+------------+
| IKE |
| Protocol |
+------------+
example.com domain
------------------
Alice Proxy Auth Cred Bob1 Bob2
| | | | TLS Handshake | |
| [ Bob generates ] |<--------------------->|
| [ credentials and ] | PUBLISH (credential) |
| [ publishes them ] |<----------------------|
| | | | Digest Challenge |
| | | |---------------------->|
| | | | PUBLISH + Digest |
| | | |<----------------------|
| | | | |
| | | | time passes... |
| | | | |
| | | | TLS Handshake |
| [ Bob later gets ] |<---------------->|
| [ back his own ] | SUBSCRIBE |
| [ credentials ] | (credential) |
| [ at another ] |<-----------------|
| [ User Agent ] | SUBSCRIBE+Digest |
| | | |<-----------------|
| | | | NOTIFY |
| | | |----------------->|
| | | | Bob decrypts key |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| SUBSCRIBE (certificate) | Alice fetches |
|---------->|----->|----->| Bob's cert |
| | |NOTIFY| |
| NOTIFY+Identity |<-----| |
|<----------+------| | Alice uses cert |
| | | | to encrypt |
| MESSAGE | | | message to Bob |
|---------->|------+------+----------------->|
Alice Server Bob UA
| | TLS Handshake | 1) Client authC/Z server
| |<---------------->|
| | PUBLISH | 2) Client sends request
| |<-----------------| (write credential)
| | Digest Challenge | 3) Server challenges client
| |----------------->|
| | PUBLISH + Digest | 4) Server authC/Z client
| |<-----------------|
| | time... |
| | |
| | TLS Handshake | 5) Client authC/Z server
| |<---------------->|
| | SUBSCRIBE | 6) Client sends request
| |<-----------------| (read credential)
| | Digest Challenge | 7) Server challenges client
| |----------------->|
| | SUBSCRIBE+Digest | 8) Server authC/Z client
| |<-----------------|
| | NOTIFY | 9) Server returns credential
| |----------------->|
| |
| SUBSCRIBE | 10) Client requests certificate
|---------->|
| |
|NOTIFY+AUTH| 11) Server returns user's certificate and signs that
|<----------| it is valid using certificate for the domain
| |
|<-------------- Emulated Service ---------------->|
| |
| |<-------- Pseudowire ------>| |
| | | |
| | |<-- PSN Tunnel -->| | |
| V V V V |
V AC +----+ +----+ AC V
+-----+ | | PE1|==================| PE2| | +-----+
| |----------|............PW1.............|----------| |
| CE1 | | | | | | | | CE2 |
| |----------|............PW2.............|----------| |
+-----+ ^ | | |==================| | | ^ +-----+
^ | +----+ +----+ | | ^
| | Provider Edge 1 Provider Edge 2 | |
| | | |
Customer | | Customer
Edge 1 | | Edge 2
| |
native service native service
|<-------Multi-Segment Pseudowire------->|
| PSN PSN |
AC | |<-1->| |<-2->| | AC
| V V V V V V |
| +----+ +-----+ +----+ +----+ |
+----+ | | |=====| | | |=====| | | +----+
| |-------|......PW1.......|--AC1--|......PW2......|-------| |
| CE1| | | | | | | | | | | |CE2 |
| |-------|......PW3.......|--AC2--|......PW4......|-------| |
+----+ | | |=====| | | |=====| | | +----+
^ +----+ +-----+ +----+ +----+ ^
| PE1 PE2 PE3 PE4 |
| ^ ^ |
| | | |
| PW switching points |
| |
| |
|<-------------------- Emulated Service ---------------->|
Native |<-----Multi-Segment Pseudowire------>| Native
Service | PSN PSN | Service
(AC) | |<-Tunnel->| |<-Tunnel->| | (AC)
| V V 1 V V 2 V V |
| +----+ +-----+ +----+ |
+----+ | |TPE1|==========|SPE1 |==========|TPE2| | +----+
| |------|.....PW.Seg't1....X....PW.Seg't3.....|-------| |
| CE1| | | | | | | | | |CE2 |
| |------|.....PW.Seg't2....X....PW.Seg't4.....|-------| |
+----+ | | |==========| |==========| | | +----+
^ +----+ +-----+ +----+ ^
| Provider Edge 1 ^ Provider Edge 2 |
| | |
| | |
| PW switching point |
| |
|<----------------- Emulated Service --------------->|
AC "Up"
L2TPv3 ICRQ --->
LDP Label Mapping --->
AC "Up"
<--- LDP Label Mapping
<--- L2TPv3 ICRP
L2TPv3 ICCN --->
<-------------------- MS-PW Established ------------------>
PE 1 (MPLS/LDP) PW Switching Node PE3 (L2TPv3)
AC "Up"
LDP Label Mapping --->
L2TPv3 ICRQ --->
<--- L2TPv3 ICRP
<--- LDP Label Mapping
L2TPv3 ICCN --->
AC "Up"
<-------------------- MS-PW Established ------------------>
AC "Down"
L2TPv3 CDN --->
LDP Label Withdraw --->
AC "Down"
<-- LDP Label Release
<--------------- MS-PW Data Path Down ------------------>
PE 1 (MPLS LDP) PW Switching Node PE3 (L2TPv3)
AC "Down"
LDP Label Withdraw --->
L2TPv3 CDN -->
<-- LDP Label Release
AC "Down"
+-------+
---PW1 Receive---->| |-----PW2 Transmit---->
S-PE1 | S-PE2 | S-PE3
<--PW1 Transmit----| |<----PW2 Receive------
+-------+
U-PE A-----| |----U-PE C
| |
| |
N-PE E--------N-PE F
| |
| |
U-PE B-----| |-----U-PE D
U-PE A-----| |----U-PE C
| |
| |
N-PE E--------N-PE F
| |
| |
U-PE B-----| |-----U-PE D
PE A --- Network 1 ----- Border ----- Border ----- Network 2 --- PE B
Router 12 Router 21 |
|
PE C
UA1 Registrar
| |
|REGISTER |
t1---->|--------------------->|
/\ | 401|
|| |<---------------------|
RRD |REGISTER |
|| |--------------------->|
\/ | 200|
t4---->|<---------------------|
| |
UA1 Registrar
| |
|REGISTER |
|--------------------->|
|REGISTER |
|--------------------->|
|REGISTER |
|--------------------->|
| |
Failure ---->|***Timer F Expires |
| |
UA1 Registrar
| |
|REGISTER |
|--------------------->|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| 503|
Failure ---->|<---------------------|
| |
UA1 UA2
| |
|INVITE |
t1---->|--------------------->|
/\ | |
|| | |
SRD | |
|| | |
\/ | 180|
t4---->|<---------------------|
| |
UA1 Redirect Server UA2
| | |
|INVITE | |
t1---->|--------------------->| |
/\ | 302| |
|| |<---------------------| |
|| |ACK | |
SRD |--------------------->| |
|| |INVITE |
|| |------------------------------------------->|
\/ | 180|
t4---->|<-------------------------------------------|
UA1 UA2
| |
|INVITE |
t1---->|--------------------->|
/\ | |
|| | |
SRD | |
|| | |
\/ | 480|
t4---->|<---------------------|
| |
UA1 Redirect Server UA2
| | |
|INVITE | |
t1---->|--------------------->| |
/\ | 302| |
|| |<---------------------| |
|| |ACK | |
SRD |--------------------->| |
|| |INVITE |
|| |------------------------------------------->|
\/ | 480|
t4---->|<-------------------------------------------|
UA1 UA2
| |
|INVITE |
|--------------------->|
| 180|
|<---------------------|
| 200|
|<---------------------|
|ACK |
|--------------------->|
|BYE |
t1---->|--------------------->|
/\ | |
|| | |
SDD | |
|| | |
\/ | 200|
t4---->|<---------------------|
UA1 UA2
| |
|INVITE |
|--------------------->|
| 180|
|<---------------------|
| 200|
|<---------------------|
|ACK |
|--------------------->|
| BYE|
|<---------------------|<----t1
| | /\
| | ||
| | SDD
| | ||
|200 | \/
|--------------------->|<----t4
UA1 UA2
| |
|INVITE |
|--------------------->|
| 180|
|<---------------------|
| 200|
t1---->|<---------------------|
/\ |ACK |
|| |--------------------->|
|| | |
SDT | |
|| | |
|| | |
\/ | BYE|
t4---->|<---------------------|
| |
UA1 UA2
| |
|INVITE |
|--------------------->|
| 180|
|<---------------------|
| 200|
|<---------------------|<----t1
|ACK | /\
|--------------------->| ||
| | ||
| | SDT
| | ||
| | ||
| BYE| \/
|<---------------------|<----t4
| |
UA1 UA2
| |
|INVITE |
|--------------------->|
| 180|
|<---------------------|
| 200|
t1---->|<---------------------|
/\ |ACK |
|| |--------------------->|
|| |BYE |
SDT |--------------------->|
|| |BYE |
|| |--------------------->|
\/ | |
t4---->|***Timer F Expires |
UA1 UA2
| |
|INVITE |
|--------------------->|
| 180|
|<---------------------|
| 200|
|<---------------------|<----t1
| ACK| /\
|--------------------->| ||
| BYE| ||
|<---------------------| SDT
| BYE| ||
|<---------------------| ||
| | \/
| Timer F Expires***|<----t4
UA1 UA2
| |
|INVITE |
+----------->|------------------>|
| | 180|
| |<------------------|
Session Established | |
| | |
| | 200|
+----------->|<------------------|
| |
UA1 UA2 UA3
| | |
|INVITE | |
+----------->|------------------>| |
| | | |
INVITE w/ 3XX Response | | |
| | 302| |
+----------->|<------------------| |
| | |
|INVITE |
+----------->|-------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | 180|
Session Established |<--------------------------------------|
| | |
| | 200|
+----------->|<--------------------------------------|
| |
UA1 Proxy 1 Proxy 2 UA2
| | | |
|INVITE | | |
|--------------->| | |
| 407| | |
|<---------------| | |
|ACK | | |
|--------------->| | |
|INVITE | | |
|--------------->|INVITE | |
| 100|--------------->|INVITE |
|<---------------| 100|--------------->|
| |<---------------| |
| | |INVITE |
| | |--------------->|
| | | |
| | |INVITE |
| | |--------------->|
| | | |
| | 408| |
| 408|<---------------| |
|<---------------|ACK | |
| |--------------->| |
|ACK | | |
|--------------->| | |
UA1 Proxy 1 Proxy 2 UA2
| | | |
|INVITE | | |
|--------------->| | |
| 407| | |
|<---------------| | |
|ACK | | |
|--------------->| | |
|INVITE | | |
|--------------->|INVITE | |
| 100|--------------->|INVITE |
|<---------------| 100|--------------->|
| |<---------------| |
| | | 180|
| | 180 |<---------------|
| 180|<---------------| |
|<---------------| | 200|
| | 200|<---------------|
| 200|<---------------| |
|<---------------| | |
|ACK | | |
|--------------->|ACK | |
| |--------------->|ACK |
| | |--------------->|
| Both Way RTP Media |
|<================================================>|
| | | BYE|
| | BYE|<---------------|
| BYE|<---------------| |
|<---------------| | |
|200 | | |
|--------------->|200 | |
| |--------------->|200 |
| | |--------------->|
| | | |
........... ............
. . .
S1 --- E1 --- . .
. | . .
. === E5 === E7 ---
. | . . |
S2 --- E2 --- . . |
. . . | |
........... . | v
. ----- R --->
........... . | ^
. . . | |
S3 --- E3 --- . . |
. | . . |
. === E6 === E8 ---
. | . .
S4 --- E4 --- . .
. . .
........... ............
+-----------------------------------------+
| Application |
+----------------+------------------------+
| HIP Native API | Traditional Socket API |
+----------------+------------------------+
| Transport Layer |
+-----------------------------------------+
| I1 |
|-------------------------->|
| R1 |
|<--------------------------|
| I2 |
|-------------------------->|
| R2 |
|<--------------------------|
Application
-------------------------------- HIP BONE API
+---+ +--------------------+
| | | Peer Protocol |
| | +--------+ +---------+
| |<->|Topology| |(Storage)|
| | +---------+----------+
| | ^
| | v
| +------------------------+
| HIP |
+----------------------------+
+--------------------------------------+
| Transport (using HITs or LSIs) |
+--------------------------------------+
| HIP |
+------------------+-------------------+
| IPv4 | IPv6 |
+------------------+-------------------+
+------------------+-------------------+
| HIP signaling | data transports |
+------------------+-------------------+
+-----------------------+--------------+
| peer protocols | media |
+------------------+----+--------------+
| HIP signaling | data transport |
| |
+------------------+-------------------+
| NAT | non-NAT | |
| | |
| IPv4 | IPv6 |
+------------------+-------------------+
+-------------------------+
+--------+ | Profile Delivery Server |
| Device |<==========================>| +---+ +---+ |
+--------+ | |PNC| |PCC| |
| +---+ +---+ |
+-------------------------+
--------------
/ Local Network, \
| Device & Service |
\ Provider /
----------------
|
|
--------
| Device |
--------
|
|
----
|User|
----
--------
/ SIP \
| Service | -> Provides 'user' profile
| Provider | data (e.g., services
\ / configuration)
-------- --------
| / \
| | Device | -> Provides 'device' profile
| | Provider | data (e.g., device specifics)
| \ /
| ---------
| /
| / -------
| / / Local \
| / | Network |
| | | Provider | -> Provides 'local-network' profile
| | \ / data (e.g., bandwidth)
| | -------
| | /
| | /
| | |
===================
( Local Network )
===================
|
|
--------
| Device | -> Needs the 'local-network'
-------- and 'device' profile
/ \
/ \
------ ------
|User A| |User B| -> Users need 'user' profiles
------ ------
+----------------------+
+--------+ | Provider's Network |
| Device | | |
| | | |
+--------+ | DHCP PDS |
+----------------------+
| | |
(A) |<============== DHCP =============>| |
| |
| |
| |
(B) |<=========== Profile Enrollment ============>|
| | Profile data
| | is modified
| |
(C) |<============ Profile Change ================|
| Notification |
| |
| |
User User
A B +----------------------+ +----------------------+
+--------+ | Provider | | Provider |
| Device | | A | | B |
| | | | | |
+--------+ | DHCP PROXY PDS | | PROXY PDS |
+----------------------+ +----------------------+
| | | | | |
(A) |<====DHCP====>| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| Profile Enrollment | | | |
(B) |<local-network profile>|<====>| | |
|
| <<Profile content retrieval>>
|
|
| Profile Enrollment | | | |
(C) |<== device profile ==> |<====>| | |
|
| <<Profile content retrieval>>
|
.
.
.
| Profile Enrollment | | | |
(D) |<= user profile (A) => |<====>| | |
| | | | |
|
| <<Profile content retrieval>>
.
[[User A obtains services]]
.
.
.
|
| Profile Enrollment | |
(E) |<=========== user profile (B) ==========>|<=========>|
| | |
| <<Profile content retrieval>>
|
+------------+
| Initialize |
+-----+------+
|
|
V
+-------------+
| Prepare |
+--------->| Enrollment |<------------------+
| | Request | |
| +------+------+ |
+------+------+ | |
| Failure | Enroll. Req. prepared |
+-->| Handling & | /Send Req |
| | Delay | | |
| +-------------+ V |
| ^ ^ +-------------+ |
| | | | Await | |
| | +--------+ Enrollment | |
| | Timeout, | acceptance | |
| | non-2xx/- +------+------+ |
| | | |
| Timeout 200 OK/- Enrollment
| /Terminate | Timeout/-
| Enrollment V |
| | +--------------+ |
| | | Enrollment | |
| +------------+ accepted | |
Retries Exceeded |(await NOTIFY)| |
/Retry Enrollment +---+------+---+ |
| | | |
| | | |
| NOTIFY w. Content Ind| | NOTIFY w. Profile |
| /Retrieve Profile | | /Accept Profile |
| +------------+ +------------+ |
| | | |
| V V |
| +------------+ +------------+ |
+-----+ Retrieving | Retrieved | Enrollment +---+
,->| Profile +--/Apply Profile-->| Successful |
/ | | |(monitoring)|<--.
Timeout +--+---------+ +--+----+----+ :
/Retry ; ^ | : ;
`------' | NOTIFY w. Cont.Ind | `-------'
+---/Retrieve Profile-----+ NOTIFY w. Profile
/Apply Profile
profile-type || device | user | local-network
=============================================
vendor || m | m | m
model || m | m | m
version || m | m | m
effective-by || | |
profile-type || device | user | local-network
=============================================
vendor || | |
model || | |
version || | |
effective-by || o | o | o
+----------------------+
+--------+ | SIP Service Provider |
| Device | | |
|(SIP UA)| | SIP PDS HTTP |
+--------+ | PROXY Server |
| |
+----------------------+
| | | |
| | | |
| SUBSCRIBE | | |
(SReq)|--------device profile--------->| | |
| |------>| |
| |200 OK | |
| 200 OK |<------| |
(SRes)|<-------------------------------| | |
| | | |
| | NOTIFY| |
| NOTIFY (Content Indirection)|<------| |
(NTFY)|<-------------------------------| | |
| 200 OK | | |
(NRes)|------------------------------->|200 OK | |
| |------>| |
| |
| |
| |
|<<<<<<<<<<<<< TLS establishment >>>>>>>>>>>>>|
| |
| HTTP Request |
(XReq)|---------------------------------------------->|
| |
| HTTP Response |
(XRes)|<----------------------------------------------|
| |
----- -----
|User |_________| UI* | * = User Interface
| X | | |
----- -----
/ \
/ \
/ \ +----------------------+
+--------+ +--------+ | SIP Service Provider |
| Device | | Device | | |
| A | | B | | SIP PDS HTTP |
+--------+ +--------+ | PROXY Server |
+----------------------+
| | | |
| | | |
(A-EX)|<=Enrolls for User X's profile=>|<=====>| |
| | | |
| |
(A-RX)|<===Retrieves User X's profile================>|
| |
| | | | |
| | Enrolls for | | |
| (B-EX)|<== User X's ==>|<=====>| |
| | profile | | |
| | | | |
| | |
| (B-RX)|<= Retrieves User X's profile=>|
| |
| | |
| (HPut)|---------------------->|
| | |
| (HRes)|<----------------------|
| |
| | | |
| | NOTIFY| |
| NOTIFY |<------| |
(A-NT)|<-------------------------------| | |
| 200 OK | | |
(A-RS)|------------------------------->|200 OK | |
| |------>| |
| |
| | | NOTIFY| |
| | NOTIFY |<------| |
| (B-NT)|<---------------| | |
| | 200 OK | | |
| (B-RS)|--------------->|200 OK | |
| | |------>| |
| |
| |
(A-RX)|<===Retrieves User X's profile================>|
| |
| | |
| | |
| (B-RX)|<= Retrieves User X's profile=>|
| | |
Destination NAT
| | | | | | Port-| | |
| | | | UPnP | UPnP | pres.| Seq. | |
| | Addr.| Port | Port | Port | Port-| Port-| Port-| Addr
Source NAT| Cone | rest.| rest.| rest.| symm.| symm.| symm.| symm.| symm
----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----
Cone | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | SNS | SNS | SNS | SNS | SNS
----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----
Address | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | SNS | SNS | SNS | SNS | No
restricted| | | | | | | | |
----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----
Port | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | SNS+ | SNS+ | No | No
restricted| | | | | | PP | SS | |
----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----
UPnP Port-| Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | SNS+ | No | No | No | No
restricted| | | | | UPnP | | | |
----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----
UPnP Port | SNS | SNS | No | SNS+ | SNS+ | No | No | No | No
symmetric | | | | UPnP | UPnP | | | |
----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----
Port- | | | SNS | | | SNS | SNS | |
preserving| SNS | SNS | + | No | No | + | + | No | No
Port- | | | PP | | | PP | SS | |
symmetric | | | | | | | | |
----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----
Sequential| | | SNS | | | | | |
Port- | SNS | SNS | + | No | No | No | No | No | No
symmetric | | | SS | | | | | |
----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----
Port- | SNS | SNS | No | No | No | No | No | No | No
symmetric | | | | | | | | |
----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----
Address- | SNS | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No
symmetric | | | | | | | | |
----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----
--------------------------------------------
/ \
< IPv6 Internet >
\ /
-|----------------------------------------|-
| |
+----------+ +----------+
| Teredo | | Teredo |
| Server 1 | | Server 2 |
+----------+ +----------+
203.0.113.120| 198.51.100.118|
-|----------------------------------------|-
/ \
< IPv4 Internet >
\ /
-|----------------------------------------|-
192.0.2.1| 192.0.2.10|
UDP port 4096| UDP port 8192|
+---------+ +----------+
|Symmetric| |Other type|
| NAT | | of NAT |
+---------+ +----------+
| |
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
| Teredo client A | | Teredo client B |
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
2001:0:cb00:7178:0:efff:3fff:fdfe 2001:0:c633:6476:0:dfff:3fff:fdf5
Teredo Address Teredo Address
--------------------------------------------
/ \
< IPv6 Internet >
\ /
--------------------|-----------------------
|
+----------+
| Teredo |
| Server |
+----------+
203.0.113.120|
--------------------|-----------------------
/ \
< IPv4 Internet >
\ /
--------------------|-----------------------
198.51.100.118|
NAT +-------+
without | NAT |
hairpinning | E |
support +-------+
|
+------------------+--------------------+
192.168.1.0| 192.168.1.1|
UDP port 4095| UDP port 4096|
+---------+ +----------+
| NAT | | NAT |
| F | | G |
+---------+ +----------+
| |
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
| Teredo client A | | Teredo client B |
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
2001:0:cb00:7178:0:f000:39cc:9b89 2001:0:cb00:7178:0:efff:39cc:9b89
Teredo Address Teredo Address
Teredo Client A's Client B's Teredo
Client Teredo Teredo Client
A NAT Server Server NAT B
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to B | | |
1 |--------------------------------------------------->| |
| | | | | |
|Indirect Bubble to B via B's Teredo Server| | |
2 |----------------------------------------->|----------------->|
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to A | | |
| |<--------------------------------------------------| 3
| | | | | |
| | |Indirect Bubble to A via A's Teredo Server|
|<-----------------|<-----------------------------------------| 4
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to B | | |
5 |------------------------------------------------------------>|
| | | | | |
|Indirect Bubble to B via B's Teredo Server| | |
6 |----------------------------------------->|----------------->|
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to A | | |
|<------------------------------------------------------------| 7
| | | | | |
Teredo Client A's Client B's Teredo
Client Teredo Teredo Client
A NAT Server Server NAT B
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to B | | |
1 |------------------------------------------------------------>|
| | | | | |
|Indirect Bubble to B via B's Teredo Server| | |
2 |----------------------------------------->|----------------->|
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to A | | |
|<------------------------------------------------------------| 3
| | | | | |
Teredo Client A's Client B's Teredo
Client Teredo Teredo Client
A NAT Server Server NAT B
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to B | | |
1 |--------------------------------------------------->| |
| | | | | |
|Indirect Bubble to B via B's Teredo Server| | |
2 |----------------------------------------->|----------------->|
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to A | | |
| |<--------------------------------------------------| 3
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to A | | |
| |<--------------------------------------------------| 4
| | | | | |
| | |Indirect Bubble to A via A's Teredo Server|
|<-----------------|<-----------------------------------------| 5
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to B | | |
6 |--------------------------------------------------->| |
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to B | | |
7 |------------------------------------------------------------>|
| | | | | |
|Indirect Bubble to B via B's Teredo Server| | |
8 |----------------------------------------->|----------------->|
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to A | | |
|<------------------------------------------------------------| 9
| | | | | |
Teredo A's A's B's
Client Primary Secondary Teredo Client
A NAT Server Server Server NAT B
| | | | | | |
| Direct Bubble to B | | | | |
1 |-------------------------------------------------->| |
| | | | | | |
|Router Solicitation | | | | |
2 |------------------->| | | | |
| | | | | | |
|Router Advertisement| | | | |
|<-------------------| 3 | | | |
| | | | | | |
4 | Direct Bubble to B | | | | |
|-------------------------------------------------->| |
| | | | | | |
| Router Solicitation | | | |
5 |---------------------------->| | | |
| | | | | | |
| Router Advertisement | | | |
|<----------------------------| 6 | | |
| | | | | | |
| Indirect Bubble to B via B's Teredo Server | | |
7 |------------------------------------------->|-------------->|
| | | | | | |
| | | | Direct Bubble to A |
| |<-------------------------------------------------| 8
| | | | | | |
| | | | Indirect Bubble to A |
|<-------------------|<--------------------------------------| 9
| | | | | | |
| | | | Direct Bubble to A |
|<-----------------------------------------------------------| 10
| | | | | | |
| Direct Bubble to B | | | |
11 |----------------------------------------------------------->|
Teredo Teredo Client A's Client B's
Client NAT Client NAT NAT Teredo Teredo
A F B G E Server Server
| | | | | | |
| | Direct Bubble to B | | | |
1 |-------------------------------------->| | |
| | | | | | |
| Indirect Bubble to B via B's Teredo Server |
2 |----------------------------------------------------------->|
| | |<----------------------------------------|
| | | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to A | | |
3 | | |------------------->| | |
| | | | | | |
| | | Direct | | | |
| | |Bubble to A| | | |
4 | | |---------->| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | Direct | | | |
| | |Bubble to A| | | |
5 | | |---------->| | | |
|<-----------------------------| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | Indirect Bubble to A | |
6 | | |---------------------------->| |
|<-----------------------------------------------| |
| | | | | | |
|Direct Bubble to B| | | | |
7 |----------------->| | | | |
| | | | | | |
Teredo Client A's Client B's Teredo
Client Teredo Teredo Client
A NAT Server Server NAT B
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to B | | |
1 |------------------------------------------------------------>|
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to A | | |
|<------------------------------------------------------------| 2
| | | | | |
+-------------------+----------------------------+
| Jari Arkko | Ran Atkinson |
| Fred Baker | Norbert Bollow |
| Cameron Byrne | Brian Carpenter |
| Remi Despres | Arnaud Ebalard |
| Fabrice Fontaine | Jun-ichiro "itojun" Hagino |
| Thomas Herbst | Christian Huitema |
| Joel Jaeggli | Cullen Jennings |
| Suresh Krishnan | Erik Kline |
| Julien Laganier | Kurt Erik Lindqvist |
| Mohamed Boucadair | Keith Moore |
| Robert Moskowitz | Teemu Savolainen |
| Hemant Singh | Yaron Sheffer |
| Mark Townsley | Iljitsch van Beijnum |
| Magnus Westerlund | Dan Wing |
+-------------------+----------------------------+
Module udmcore : Module hardware-entities
:
equipment :
Holder :
0..* :
+-------+ :
| | :
+---------------+ +---------+ | :
|ManagedHardware|<|-+-|Equipment|<>--+ :
+---------------+ | | Holder |0..1 : +-------+
| | |<|---------+--|Chassis|
| +---------+ : | +-------+
| <> : |
| |0..* equipment : | +---------+
| | Holder : '--|Container|
| | : +---------+
| |0..* equipment :
| | :
| | equipment :
| | 0..* :
| | +-------+ :
| | | | :
| +---------+ | :
'-|Equipment|<>--+ : +--------+
| |<|---------+--|HWModule|
+---------+ : | +--------+
compositeEquipment : |
: | +---------+
: |--|Backplane|
: +---------+
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
| Chunk Flag Value | Chunk Flag Name | Reference |
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
| Chunk Flag Value | Chunk Flag Name | Reference |
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
| Chunk Flag Value | Chunk Flag Name | Reference |
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
| Chunk Flag Value | Chunk Flag Name | Reference |
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
| Chunk Flag Value | Chunk Flag Name | Reference |
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
| Chunk Flag Value | Chunk Flag Name | Reference |
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
| Chunk Flag Value | Chunk Flag Name | Reference |
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
| Chunk Flag Value | Chunk Flag Name | Reference |
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
| Chunk Flag Value | Chunk Flag Name | Reference |
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
| Chunk Flag Value | Chunk Flag Name | Reference |
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
| Chunk Flag Value | Chunk Flag Name | Reference |
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
| Chunk Flag Value | Chunk Flag Name | Reference |
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
| Chunk Flag Value | Chunk Flag Name | Reference |
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
| Chunk Flag Value | Chunk Flag Name | Reference |
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
| Chunk Flag Value | Chunk Flag Name | Reference |
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
| Chunk Flag Value | Chunk Flag Name | Reference |
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
| Chunk Flag Value | Chunk Flag Name | Reference |
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
+----+ notification +----+ notification +----+
| MN |<================>| FA |<=============>| HA |
+----+ +----+ +----+
+----+ notification +----+
| MN |<===================================>| HA |
+----+ +----+
Figure 2: HA directly notifies MN or MN directly notifies HA
ClientHello -------->
ServerHello
Certificate*
ServerKeyExchange*
CertificateRequest*
<-------- ServerHelloDone
Certificate*
ClientKeyExchange
CertificateVerify*
[ChangeCipherSpec]
Finished -------->
[ChangeCipherSpec]
<-------- Finished
Application Data <-------> Application Data
ClientHello -------->
ServerHello
[change cipher spec]
<-------- Finished
change cipher spec
Finished -------->
Application Data <-------> Application Data
Block Allow
+------+ incoming +---------+ incoming +--------+
|Host | RA | L2 | RA | Router |
| |----------------| device |--------------| |
+------+ +----+----+ +--------+
|
|Block
|incoming
|RA
|
|
|
+---+---+
| Host |
| |
+-------+
ICAP ICAP Message Customer
Browser Proxy Client Server Service Internet DB
| HTTP | | | | | |
| GET | Proxy | | | | |
+------->| Request | | | | |
| +---------|---------|--------|------->| |
| | | | | 200 OK | |
| |<--------|---------|--------|--------+ |
| | ICAP | | | | |
| | RESPMOD | ICAP | | | |
| +-------->| RESPMOD | Check | | |
| | +-------->| Cache | | |
| | | | for IP | | |
| | | | Match | | |
| | | +------->| | |
| | | | Cache | | |
| | | | Miss | | |
| | | |<-------+ Request| |
| | | 204 No | | Type | |
| | | Modif. | +--------|------->|
| | | Needed | | | |
| | No |<--------+ | | Type |
| | Insert | | | |Returned|
| 200 OK |<--------+ | |<-------|--------+
| w/o | | | | | |
| Insert | | | | | |
|<-------+ | | | | |
| | | | | | |
ICAP ICAP Message Customer
Browser Proxy Client Server Service Internet DB
| HTTP | | | | | |
| GET | Proxy | | | | |
+------->| Request | | | | |
| +---------|---------|--------|------->| |
| | | | | 200 OK | |
| |<--------|---------|--------|--------+ |
| | ICAP | | | | |
| | RESPMOD | ICAP | | | |
| +-------->| RESPMOD | Check | | |
| | +-------->| Cache | | |
| | | | for IP | | |
| | | | Match | | |
| | | +------->| | |
| | | | Cache | | |
| | | | Hit | | |
| | | Insert |<-------+ | |
| | Return | Type | | | |
| | 200 OK |<--------+ | | |
| | with | | | | |
| | Insert | | | | |
| 200 OK |<--------+ | | | |
| w/ | | | | | |
| Notify | | | | | |
|<-------+ | | | | |
| | | | | | |
+-------------+ +------------+
| +--+ | | |
| |AP| | PEC | |
+----+ | +--+ | messages & | +---+ +--+ | +----+
|user|<-->| |<------------->| |InP| |DP| |<-->|user|
+----+ | +--+ +---+ | notifications | +---+ +--+ | +----+
| |DP| |InP| | | |
| +--+ +---+ | | |
+-------------+ +------------+
PEC PEC
sender receiver
provider provider
+---------------------------+--------------------+------+
| annotation | section | note |
+---------------------------+--------------------+------+
| @nma:config | 10.9 | |
| | | |
| <nma:data> | 8.1 | 4 |
| | | |
| @nma:default | 10.12 | |
| | | |
| <nma:error-app-tag> | 10.16 | 1 |
| | | |
| <nma:error-message> | 10.17 | 1 |
| | | |
| @nma:if-feature | 10.22 | |
| | | |
| @nma:implicit | 10.11, 10.7, 10.12 | |
| | | |
| <nma:input> | 8.1 | 4 |
| | | |
| <nma:instance-identifier> | 10.53.7 | 2 |
| | | |
| @nma:key | 10.26 | |
| | | |
| @nma:leaf-list | 10.28 | |
| | | |
| @nma:leafref | 10.53.8 | |
| | | |
| @nma:mandatory | 10.8 | |
| | | |
| @nma:max-elements | 10.28 | |
| | | |
| @nma:min-elements | 10.28 | |
| | | |
| @nma:module | 10.34 | |
| | | |
| <nma:must> | 10.35 | 3 |
| | | |
| <nma:notification> | 8.1 | 4 |
| | | |
| <nma:notifications> | 8.1 | 4 |
| | | |
| @nma:ordered-by | 10.38 | |
| <nma:output> | 8.1 | 4 |
| | | |
| <nma:rpc> | 8.1 | 4 |
| | | |
| <nma:rpcs> | 8.1 | 4 |
| | | |
| @nma:status | 10.51 | |
| | | |
| @nma:unique | 10.55 | |
| | | |
| @nma:units | 10.56 | |
| | | |
| @nma:when | 10.59 | |
+---------------------------+--------------------+------+
+----------------+
| YANG module(s) |
+----------------+
|
|T
|
+------------------------------------+
| hybrid schema |
+------------------------------------+
/ | | \
/ | | \
Tg/ Tr| |Tn \
/ | | \
+---------+ +-----+ +-------+ +------+
|get reply| | rpc | | notif | | .... |
+---------+ +-----+ +-------+ +------+
+----------------------------+
| Step 1: Read this document |
+----------------------------+
|
V
+-------------------------------+
| Step 2: Write R-D and submit |
+-------------------------------+
|
V
+--------------------------------------------+
| Step 3: Announce R-D and solicit feedback |<--+
+--------------------------------------------+ |
| |
V |
.^. |
. . |
+------------+ . Feed- . +------------+
| Update R-D |<---------< back >------------>| Update R-D |
| and submit | non-sub- . results . substantial | and submit |
+------------+ stantial . in: . changes +------------+
| changes . . needed
| needed Y
| | no changes needed
| V
| +-----------------------------+
+-------->| Step 4: Submit R-D to IANA |
+-----------------------------+
:
:
V
:
:
V
+-----------------------+
| Step 5: Expert Review |<-------------+
+-----------------------+ |
| |
V |
.^. |
. . |
.---------. . Expert . +------------+
( Bad luck! )<-------- < Review >------------>| Update R-D |
`---------' experts . results . changes | and submit |
reject . in: . required +------------+
. .
Y
| experts approve
V
+-----------------------------------+
| Step 6: Publication of R-D |
+-----------------------------------+
|
V
+---------------------------------------------+
| Step 7: Adding Enumservice to IANA Registry |
+---------------------------------------------+
example.net <--------------> im.example.com
^ ^
| |
v v
romeo@example.net juliet@im.example.com
+---------------------+
| open TCP connection |
+---------------------+
|
v
+---------------+
| send initial |<-------------------------+
| stream header | ^
+---------------+ |
| |
v |
+------------------+ |
| receive response | |
| stream header | |
+------------------+ |
| |
v |
+----------------+ |
| receive stream | |
+------------------>| features | |
^ {OPTIONAL} +----------------+ |
| | |
| v |
| +<-----------------+ |
| | |
| {empty?} ----> {all voluntary?} ----> {some mandatory?} |
| | no | no | |
| | yes | yes | yes |
| | v v |
| | +---------------+ +----------------+ |
| | | MAY negotiate | | MUST negotiate | |
| | | any or none | | one feature | |
| | +---------------+ +----------------+ |
| v | | |
| +---------+ v | |
| | DONE |<----- {negotiate?} | |
| +---------+ no | | |
| yes | | |
| v v |
| +--------->+<---------+ |
| | |
| v |
+<-------------------------- {restart mandatory?} ------------>+
no yes
Requesting Responding
Entity Entity
---------- ----------
| |
| <iq id='1' type='get'> |
| [ ... payload ... ] |
| </iq> |
| -------------------------> |
| |
| <iq id='1' type='result'> |
| [ ... payload ... ] |
| </iq> |
| <------------------------- |
| |
| <iq id='2' type='set'> |
| [ ... payload ... ] |
| </iq> |
| -------------------------> |
| |
| <iq id='2' type='error'> |
| [ ... condition ... ] |
| </iq> |
| <------------------------- |
| |
+--------+ +--------+
| | EAP-EKE-ID/Request | |
| EAP |<------------------------------------| EAP |
| peer | | server |
| (P) | EAP-EKE-ID/Response | (S) |
| |------------------------------------>| |
| | | |
| | EAP-EKE-Commit/Request | |
| |<------------------------------------| |
| | | |
| | EAP-EKE-Commit/Response | |
| |------------------------------------>| |
| | | |
| | EAP-EKE-Confirm/Request | |
| |<------------------------------------| |
| | | |
| | EAP-EKE-Confirm/Response | |
| |------------------------------------>| |
| | | |
| | EAP-Success | |
| |<------------------------------------| |
+--------+ +--------+
+----+ +---------------+
IPv4 host(s)-----+ GW +------IPv4-------------| IPv4 Internet |
+----+ +---------------+
<---private v4--->NAT<--------------public v4----------------->
+----+ +---+ +-------------+
IPv4 host(s)-----+ GW +------IPv4---------+CGN+--+IPv4 Internet|
+----+ +---+ +-------------+
one frac addr one public addr
+----+ +---+ +-------------+
IPv4 host(s)-----+ GW +-----p2p link------+CGN+--+IPv4 Internet|
+----+ +---+ +-------------+
<---private v4---> NAT <----public v4--->
(distributed,
over a p2p link)
one frac addr one public addr
+----+ +---+ +-------------+
IPv4 host(s)-----+ GW +======tunnel=======+CGN+--+IPv4 Internet|
+----+ +---+ +-------------+
<---private v4---> NAT <----public v4--->
(distributed,
over a tunnel)
IPv6-only network
+----+ +---+ +-------------+
IPv4 host--------+ GW +=======tunnel========+CGN+--+IPv4 Internet|
+----+ +---+ +-------------+
+----+ +-------------+
IPv6 host-----+ | +------------------+IPv6 Internet|
| +---IPv6-----+ +-------------+
dual-stack host-+ GW |
| | +---+ +-------------+
IPv4 host-----+ +===v4-over-v6 tunnel====+CGN+--+IPv4 Internet|
+----+ +---+ +-------------+
<-----------private v4 (partially in tunnel)-->NAT<---public v4---->
<-----------------------------public v6---------------------------->
+----+ +-------------+
| +------------------+IPv6 Internet+
| | +-------------+
IPv6 host-----------------+ GW |
| | +-------------+
| +------------------+IPv4 Internet+
+----+ +-------------+
<-------------------------public v6----------------------------->
<-------public v6--------->NAT<----------public v4-------------->
+----+
IPv6 host(s)-------(Internet)-----+ GW +------Private IPv4 servers
+----+
<---------public v6--------------->NAT<------private v4---------->
^ ^ ^ ^
| | | |
HELLO (a, b, c, d) | | |
| | |
HELLO (a, b, c, d) | | ...
| |
HELLO (a, b, c, d) |
|
HELLO (a, b, c, d)
L_time: |-----------------------------|
|-------------------- ...
|---------- ...
| ...
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
| | | | | | |
HELLO (a, b, c, d) | | | | | |
| | | | | |
HELLO () | | | | |
| | | | |
HELLO (a, b, c, d) | | | |
| | | | ...
HELLO () | | |
| | |
HELLO (a, b, c, d) | |
| |
HELLO () |
|
HELLO (a, b, c, d)
L_time: |-----------------------------|
|------------------------- ...
|-------------------- ...
|--------------- ...
|---------- ...
|----- ...
| ...
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
| | | | | | |
HELLO () | | | | | |
| | | | | |
HELLO (a) | | | | |
| | | | |
HELLO (a, b) | | | |
| | | | ...
HELLO (a, b, c) | | |
| | |
HELLO (a, b, c, d) | |
| |
HELLO (a, b, c, d, e) |
|
HELLO (a, b, c, d, e, f)
L_time: |-----------------------------|
|------------------------- ...
|-------------------- ...
|--------------- ...
|---------- ...
|----- ...
| ...
REFRESH_INTERVAL: |-------------------|---------- ...
|-------------------|----- ...
|-------------------| ...
|--------------- ...
|---------- ...
|----- ...
| ...
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
| | | | | | |
HELLO () | | | | | |
| | | | | |
HELLO (a) | | | | |
| | | | |
HELLO (b) | | | |
| | | | ...
HELLO (c) | | |
| | |
HELLO (a, d) | |
| |
HELLO (b, e) |
|
HELLO (c, f)
L_time: |-----------------------------|
|------------------------- ...
|-------------------- ...
|--------------- ...
|---------- ...
|----- ...
| ...
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
| | | | |
| | | | Time up to which
HELLO message | | | received HELLO
transmission | | | message content
| | | is valid.
| | |
| | Time before which all
| | neighbor information must
| | be transmitted in HELLO
| | messages (one or more)
| |
| Latest time for next HELLO message
| transmission
|
Earliest time for next HELLO message
transmission
VALIDITY_TIME: |--------------------------|
|--------------------------|
L_time: |--------------------------|
|--------------------------|
L_HEARD_time: |--------------------------|
|--------------------------|
L_SYM_time: *-| (i.e., expired)
L_SYM_time: |--------------------------|
Time: -*-----*--------------------------------->
^ ^
| |
HELLO () received |
|
HELLO (a:HEARD) received
VALIDITY_TIME: |--------------------------|
|--------------------------|
|--------------------------|
L_time: |--------------------------|
|--------------------------|
|--------------------------|
L_HEARD_time: |--------------------------|
|--------------------------|
|--------------------------|
L_SYM_time: *-| (i.e., expired)
|--------------------------|
*-| (i.e., expired)
Time: -*-----*-----*--------------------------------->
^ ^ ^
| | |
HELLO () received | |
| |
HELLO (a:HEARD) received |
|
HELLO (a:LOST) received
Time: ---*---------------------------------->
^ ^
| |
Formerly symmetric 1-hop neighbor |
ceases to be symmetric on this |
MANET interface |
|
Time up to which network addresses of
this neighbor connected using this MANET
interface are advertised in HELLO
messages on this MANET interface
using a LINK_STATUS TLV, Value = LOST
Time: ---*---------------------------------->
^ ^
| |
Formerly symmetric 1-hop neighbor |
ceases to be symmetric |
|
Time up to which network addresses of
this neighbor are advertised in HELLO
messages on all MANET interfaces
using an OTHER_NEIGHB TLV,
Value = LOST
Time: ---*----------------------------------->
^ ^
| |
Formerly used local interface |
network address ceases to be |
assigned to a local interface |
|
Time up to which this network
address is excluded from being
included in this router's 2-Hop Set
__________ __________
| | |
{1} {2} {3}
| | | {1}--------{2}--------{3}
+--'--+ +--'--+ +--'--+
| A | | B | | C |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
__________ __________
| | |
{1} {2,4} {3}
| | | {1}-------{2,4}-------{3}
+--'--+ +--'--+ +--'--+
| A | | B | | C |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
__________ __________
| | |
{1} {2} {3,4} +----{3}
| | | {1}--------{2}---+
+--'--+ +--'--+ +--'--+ +----{4}
| A | | B | | C |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
__________ __________
| | |
{1,5} {2,6} {3,4} +----{3}
| | | {1,5}------{2,6}--+
+--'--+ +--'--+ +--'--+ +----{4}
| A | | B | | C |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
__________ __________
| | |
{1} {2} {3} +----{3}
| | | {1}--------{2}---+
+--'--+ +--'--+ +-----+ +----{4}
| A | | B | | C |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
|
{4}
__________
| |
{1} {2} +-----+
| | {1}-------| {2} |------{4}
+--'--+ +--'--+ +-----+ | {5} |
| A | | B | | C | +-----+
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| |
{5} {4}
|__________|
__________ __________
| | |
{1} {2} {3} +-----+ +----{3}
| | | {1}-------| {2} |---+
+--'--+ +--'--+ +-----+ | {5} | +----{4}
| A | | B | | C | +-----+
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| |
{5} {4}
|__________|
__________ __________
| | | +-----+
{1} {2} {3} {1}-------| {2} |--------{3}
| | | | {5} |
+--'--+ +--'--+ +-----+ +-----+
| A | | B | | C |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| | | {2} |
{6} {5} {6}-------| {5} |--------{3}
|__________| +-----+
__________ __________
| | | +-----+ +----{3}
{1} {2} {3} {1}-------| {2} |---+
| | | | {5} | +----{4}
+--'--+ +--'--+ +-----+ +-----+
| A | | B | | C |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| | | | {2} | +----{3}
{6} {5} {4} {6}-------| {5} |---+
|__________|__________| +-----+ +----{4}
+--{9}
__________ __________ +------|
| | | +-----+ | +--{10}
{1,2} {5,6} {9,10} {1,2}--|{5,6}|---+
| | | |{7,8}| | +--{11}
+--'--+ +--'--+ +-----+ +-----+ +------|
| A | | B | | C | +--{12}
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| | | +--{9}
| | | +-----+ +------|
| | | |{5,6}| | +--{10}
{3,4} {7,8} {11,12} {3,4}--|{7,8}|---+
|__________|__________| +-----+ | +--{11}
+------|
+--{12}
__________ __________
| _____| |
{1} | {2} {3} {1}--------{2}---------{3}
| | | |
+--'--+ | +--'--+ +-----+
| A | | | B | | C |
+-----+ | +-----+ +-----+
| |
{6} | {6}--------{2}---------{3}
|____|
Operator Operator Operator
(C) |<--------->|<---------->|<-------->|
OAM Domain OAM Domain OAM Domain
|<------------- VPWS1 <AC11,PW1,AC12> ------------>|
| |
| +----+ +----+ |
+----+ | |==================| | +----+
| |---AC11---| |.......PW1........| |--AC12----| |
| CE1| |PE1 | | PE2| |CE2 |
| |---AC21---| |.......PW2........| |--AC22----| |
+----+ | |==================| | +----+
| +----+ PSN Tunnel +----+ |
| |
|<------------- VPWS2 <AC21,PW2,AC22> ------------>|
Customer OAM Domain
(A) |<-------------------------------------------------->|
Service Provider (SP) OAM Domain
(B) |<------------------------------------------------>|
SP OAM SP OAM SP OAM
(C) |<--------->|<----------------------->|<---------->|
Domain Domain Domain
Operator Operator Operator
(D) |<--------->|<----------------------->|<---------->|
OAM Domain OAM Domain OAM Domain
+------------------+
| Opened/Closed (X)|
+------------------+
|
|
V
+--------------+
/-----------------------| Reopened |<-------------------\
| | |----------\ |
| +--------------+ | |
| ^ | |
| | | |
| V | |
| +-------------------+ | |
| | Superseded (X) | | |
| | or Inactive (X) | | |
| /----------------->| or Cancelled (X) |<---\ | |
| | +-------------------+ | | |
| | ^ | | |
| | | | V |
| | +--------+ | +--------+ |
| | /---------| Opened |----/ | Solved |-----\ |
| | | | |---------------->| | | |
| | | +--------+ +--------+ | |
| | | | ^ | |
V | V | | | |
+---------+ | | | |
| |----------(|)-------------------------/ V V
| Updated | | +------------+
| |----------(|)---------------------------->| |
+---------+ | | Closed (X) |
\----------------------------->| |
+------------+
Provider-Edge Interfaces
x x x
| | |
+--------------------+---+--------+----------+ E
| | | | | n
| I | | .... | | t
| n +---+---+--------+---+ | e
| t | +--------+ /| | r
| e I x----+ | Host | I /*+------+--< p I
| r n | |Function| n|**| | r n
| n t | +--------+ t|**| | i t
| a e x----+ V e|**+------+--< s e
| l r . | E r|**| . | e r
| f . | T f|**| . | f
| V a . | +--------+ a|**| . | I a
| i c . | | Router | c|**| . | n c
| r e x----+ |Function| e \*+------+--< t e
| t s | +--------+ \| | e s
| u +---+---+--------+---+ | r
| a | | .... | | i
| l | | | | o
+--------------------+---+--------+----------+ r
| | |
x x x
Enterprise-Edge Interfaces
EID RLOC EID
PA Spaces PI
Allocation Registration
.-------------------------------. ^
/ Internet Commons \ |
| .---------------------------. | |
2001:DB8::/40 | / Enterprise A \ | 2001:DB8:10::/56
| |/ 10.1/16 \ | ^
| || .-------------------------. || |
V || / Enterprise A.1 \ || |
2001:DB8::/48 || | 10.1/16 | || 2001:DB8:11::/56
|| \_________________________/ / |
| \ / |
| --------------------------- |
| |
| .---------------------------. |
| / Enterprise B \ |
2001:DB8:100::/40 | | 10.1/16 | | 2001:DB8:12::/56
| \____________________________/ |
\ /
\_______________________________/
_.--------------------._
_.---'' -.
,--'' ,---. `---.
,-' X5 X6 .---.. `-.
,\' ,.X1-.. / \ ,' `. `.
,\' ,' `. .' E2 '. X8 Em \ `.
/ / \ | ,--. | / _,.._ \ \
/ / E1 \ | Y3 `. | | / Y7 | \
; | ___ | | ` W Y4 |... | `Y6 ,' | :
| | ,-' `. X2 | `--' | | `'' | |
: | | V Y2 | \ _ / | | ;
\ | `-Y1,,' | \ .' Y5 / \ ,-Y8'`- / /
\ \ / \ \_' / X9 `. ,'/ /
`. \ X3 `.__,,' `._ Y9'',' ,'
` `._ _,' ___.......X7_ `---' ,'
` `---' ,-' `-. -'
`---. `. E3 Z _' _.--'
`-----. \---.......---' _.---''
`----------------''
ISP
-------|----- Wksta Wksta
| Firewall |_____________|____________|
| NAT |
-------------
ISP
|
+------|-----+
| <|--
| VET2 < |
| <|---
| |
| | Server Server
| VET1 <|--------|-----------|-------
| |
| +--------+ | Wksta Wksta
| |Firewall| |_____________|____________|
| | NAT | |
| +--------+ |
+------------+
ISP
|
+------|-----+
| <|------------London
| VET2 < |
| <|--------------------New York
| |
| | Server Server
| VET1 <|--------|-----------|-------
| |
| +--------+ | Wksta Wksta
| |Firewall| |_____________|____________|
| | NAT | |
| +--------+ |
+------------+
+------+
| IPv6 |
|Server|
" " " " " " " "" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " | S1 |
" " +--+---+
" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " |
" . . . . . . " |
" . +----+ v +----+ v +----+ +----+ +-----+-------+
" . | V += e =+ Y1 += e =+ X2 += =+ R2 +==+ Internet |
" . +-+--+ t +----+ t +----+ +----+ +-----+-------+
" . | 1 . . 2 . . . " |
" . H . . . . v . " |
" . . . . . . . . . . . e . " +--+---+
" . t . " | IPv4 |
" . . . . . . , . 3 . " |Server|
" . +----+ v +----+ . " | S2 |
" . | Z += e =+ X7 += . " +------+
" . +-+--+ t +----+ . "
" . | 4 . . . "
" . J . . . . . "
" . . . . . . . "
" "
" " " " " " " " " " " " " " "" " " " " " " "
IPv4 App A IPv4 App B
_____________ _____________
|_TCP or UDP__| |_TCP or UDP__|
|____IPv4_____| |____IPv4_____|
______|______ _______|_____
/ \ / \
| IPv4-Only | | IPv4-Only |
| Site 1 | | Site 2 |
\_____________/ \_____________/
______|______ ______|_______
|____IPv4_____| _____________ |____IPv4_____|
|NAT-PT-equiv_| / \ |NAT-PT-equiv_|
|_TCP or UDP__| | Internet | |_TCP or UDP__|
|____IPv6_____| | (RANGER) | |____IPv6_____|
|__VET/SEAL___| \_____________/ |__VET/SEAL___|
\_______________/ \___________/
IPv4 App A IPv4 App B
_____________ _____________ _____________
|_TCP or UDP__| / \ |_TCP or UDP__|
|____BIS______| | Internet | |____BIS______|
|____IPv6_____| | (RANGER) | |____IPv6_____|
|__VET/SEAL___| \_____________/ |__VET/SEAL___|
\_______________/ \___________/
Aircraft - - - - - - ,.- - - - - -.- - ->
. , . . +------+
. , . . | IPv6 |
. , . . |Server|
" ." " " ", "" " " ." " " " " .? " " " " " | S1 |
" . , . . " +--+---+
" . , . . " |
" . ... . . . . . +----+ " |
" . . . . . =+ X3 + " |
" . v +--- + . v . . v +----+ ? |
" . e =+ Y1 + . e . . e . +----+ +--------+
" . t +----+ . t +----+ . t . =+-R2-+==+Internet|
" . 1 . . 2 =+ X2 + . 3 . +----+ +--------+
" . . . +----+ . . " |
" . . . . . . . " +------+
" <ACSP1> <ACSP2> <ANSP> " | IPv4 |
" " |Server|
" - - vet4 - - " | S2 |
" " " " " " " " " " " " " "" " " " " " " | S2 |
<-- Aero Enterprise Network --> +------+
+------+
| IPv6 |
|Server|
" " " " " " " "" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " | S1 |
" Law Enforcement Enterprise Network " +--+---+
" 2001:DB8:10::/56 (PI) ----------------> " |
" . . . . . . . +--- + . . . . " |
" . =+ X3 +===========. . " +-----+-------+
" . +----+ v +--- + . v +----+ | +
" . | V += e . . . . e =+ R2 +==+ |
" . +-+--+ t . . +----+ t +----+ | |
" . | 3 . . vet2 + X4 += 1 . " | |
" . H1 . . +----+ . " | |
" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " | |
" <L1.2> <L1.1> <L1> " | |
" 10/8 10/8 10/8 " | |
" " " " " " " " " " " " " " "" " " " " " " " | Internet |
| |
" " " " " " " "" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " | |
" USDA Forest Service Enterprise Network " | |
" <----------------- 2001:DB8::/40 (PA) " | |
" . . . . . . . +--- + . . . . " | |
" . =+ X1 +===========. . " | |
" . +----+ v +--- + . v +----+ | |
" . | J += e . . . . e =+ R1 +==+ |
" . +-+--+ t . . +----+ t +----+ | |
" . | 6 . . vet5 + X2 += 4 . " +-----+-------+
" . H2 . . +----+ . " |
" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " +--+---+
" <F1.2> <F1.1> <F1> " | IPv4 |
" 10/8 10/8 10/8 " |Server|
" " " " " " " " " " " " " " "" " " " " " " " | S2 |
+--+---+
_...--------------------------------------..._
/ \
( IPv4 Internet )
-...________________________________________...-
| / | \ |
| / | \ |
_...--------------------------------------..._
/ \
( Aero Overlay )
-...________________________________________...-
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
_...-------.._ _...-------.._ _...-------.._
/ \ / \ / \
( ACSP1 ) ( ANSP ) ( ACSP2 )
-...________...- -...________...- -...________...-
_...--------------------------------------..._
/ (B) (D) \
( Aero Overlay (IPv4) )
-...________________________________________...-
. . .
(A) (C) .
. . .
_...------------------------.._ (E)
/ \ .
/ (F) \ .
( [H] ACSP (IPv6) ) .
\ (G) / .
\...__________________________... .
.
_...------------------------.._
/ \
/ (M) (N) \
( ANSP (IPv6) )
\ [S] /
\...__________________________...
Internet SSP SIP-PBX
| | |
| |(1) REGISTER |
| |Contact:<sip:198.51.100.3;bnc> |
| |<--------------------------------|
| | |
| |(2) 200 OK |
| |-------------------------------->|
| | |
|(3) INVITE | |
|sip:+12145550105@ssp.example.com| |
|------------------------------->| |
| | |
| |(4) INVITE |
| |sip:+12145550105@198.51.100.3 |
| |-------------------------------->| (1) The SIP-PBX registers with the SSP for a range of AORs.
Internet SSP SIP-PBX
| | |
| |(1) REGISTER |
| |Path:<sip:pbx@198.51.100.3;lr> |
| |Contact:<sip:pbx.example;bnc> |
| |<--------------------------------|
| | |
| |(2) 200 OK |
| |-------------------------------->|
| | |
|(3) INVITE | |
|sip:+12145550105@ssp.example.com| |
|------------------------------->| |
| | |
| |(4) INVITE |
| |sip:+12145550105@pbx.example |
| |Route:<sip:pbx@198.51.100.3;lr> |
| |-------------------------------->| (1) The SIP-PBX registers with the SSP for a range of AORs.
It includes the form of the URI it expects to receive in the
Request URI in its "Contact" header field, and it includes
information that routes to the SIP-PBX in the "Path" header
field.
| |
|-------------(1) INVITE SDP1--------------->|
| |
|<------------(2) 200 OK SDP2----------------|
| |
|------------------(3) ACK------------------>|
| |
| |
|-------------(4) INVITE SDP3--------------->|
| |
|<-----------------(5) 4xx-------------------|
| |
|------------------(6) ACK------------------>|
| |
| |
|-------------(1) INVITE SDP1--------------->|
| |
|<------------(2) 200 OK SDP2----------------|
| |
|------------------(3) ACK------------------>|
| |
| |
|-------------(4) INVITE SDP3--------------->|
| |
|<------------(5) 200 OK SDP4----------------|
| |
|------------------(6) ACK------------------>|
| |
| |
|-------------(1) INVITE SDP1--------------->|
| |
|<------------(2) 200 OK SDP2----------------|
| |
|------------------(3) ACK------------------>|
| |
| |
|-------------(4) INVITE SDP3--------------->|
| |
|<----(5) 183 Session Progress SDP4----------|
| |
| |
|<------------(6) UPDATE SDP5----------------|
| |
|-------------(7) 200 OK SDP6--------------->|
| |
|<---------------(8) 200 OK------------------|
| |
|------------------(9) ACK------------------>|
| |
| |
|-------------(1) INVITE SDP1--------------->|
| |
|<------------(2) 200 OK SDP2----------------|
| |
|------------------(3) ACK------------------>|
| |
| |
|-------------(4) INVITE SDP3--------------->|
| |
|<----(5) 183 Session Progress SDP4----------|
| |
|-------------(6) UPDATE SDP5--------------->|
| |
|<------------(7) 200 OK SDP6----------------|
| |
| |
|<------------(8) UPDATE SDP7----------------|
| |
|-------------(9) 200 OK SDP8--------------->|
| |
|<--------------(10) 200 OK------------------|
| |
|-----------------(11) ACK------------------>|
| |
| | |
|----(1) INVITE SDP1-->| |
| |----(2) INVITE SDP1-->|
| | |
| |<----(3) 183 SDP2-----| a:sendrecv
a:sendrecv |<----(4) 183 SDP2-----| | v:recvonly
v:sendonly | | |
| |<------(5) 4xx -------|
| |-------(6) ACK ------>| a:sendrecv
| +-(7) 4xx -| | v:inactive
| | |<---(8) UPDATE SDP3---|
|<---(9) UPDATE SDP3---| |
| | | |
a:sendonly |---(10) 200 OK SDP4-->| |
v:inactive | | |---(11) 200 OK SDP4-->| a:recvonly
|<-(7) 4xx -+ | | v:inactive
a:sendrecv |------(12) ACK ------>| |
v:inactive | | |
+-------------------+----------------------------+------------------+
| Number | Name | References |
+-------------------+----------------------------+------------------+
| 0 | Raw | (this document) |
| 1 | CopyRect | (this document) |
| 2 | RRE | (this document) |
| 5 | Hextile | (this document) |
| 16 | ZRLE | (this document) |
| -239 | Cursor pseudo-encoding | (this document) |
| -223 | DesktopSize | (this document) |
| | pseudo-encoding | |
| 4 | CoRRE | (historic |
| | | assignment) |
| 6 | zlib | (historic |
| | | assignment) |
| 7 | tight | (historic |
| | | assignment) |
| 8 | zlibhex | (historic |
| | | assignment) |
| 15 | TRLE | (this document) |
| 17 | Hitachi ZYWRLE | (historic |
| | | assignment) |
| 1024 to 1099 | RealVNC | (historic |
| | | assignment) |
| -1 to -222 | tight options | (historic |
| | | assignment) |
| -224 to -238 | tight options | (historic |
| | | assignment) |
| -240 to -256 | tight options | (historic |
| | | assignment) |
| -257 to -272 | Anthony Liguori | (historic |
| | | assignment) |
| -273 to -304 | VMWare | (historic |
| | | assignment) |
| -305 | gii | (historic |
| | | assignment) |
| -306 | popa | (historic |
| | | assignment) |
| -307 | Peter Astrand DesktopName | (historic |
| | | assignment) |
| -308 | Pierre Ossman | (historic |
| | ExtendedDesktopSize | assignment) |
| -309 | Colin Dean xvp | (historic |
| | | assignment) |
| -310 | OLIVE Call Control | (historic |
| | | assignment) |
| -412 to -512 | TurboVNC fine-grained | (historic |
| | quality level | assignment) |
| -523 to -524 | Nokia Terminal Mode Spec | (historic |
| | | assignment) |
| -763 to -768 | TurboVNC subsampling level | (historic |
| | | assignment) |
| 0x574d5600 to | VMWare | (historic |
| 0x574d56ff | | assignment) |
+-------------------+----------------------------+------------------+
--------
// \\ -----------
/ \ // \\
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| The IPv4 +----+ An IPv6 |
| Internet +----+ Network | XLAT: IPv6/IPv4
| |DNS | | Translator
\ +----+ / DNS: DNS64
\ / \\ //
\\ // -----------
--------
<====
--------
// \\ ----------
/ \ // \\
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| The IPv4 +----+ An IPv6 |
| Internet +----+ Network | XLAT: IPv4/IPv6
| |DNS | | Translator
\ +----+ / DNS: DNS46
\ / \\ //
\\ // ----------
--------
====>
-----------
---------- // \\
// \\ / \
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| An IPv4 +----+ The IPv6 |
| Network +----+ Internet | XLAT: IPv6/IPv4
| |DNS | | Translator
\ +----+ / DNS: DNS64
\\ // \ /
--------- \\ //
-----------
<====
-----------
---------- // \\
// \\ / \
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| An IPv4 +----+ The IPv6 | XLAT: IPv4/IPv6
| Network +----+ Internet | Translator
| |DNS | | DNS: DNS46
\ +----+ /
\\ // \ /
--------- \\ //
----------
=====>
--------- ---------
// \\ // \\
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| An IPv4 +----+ An IPv6 |
| Network +----+ Network | XLAT: IPv6/IPv4
| |DNS | | Translator
\ +----+ / DNS: DNS64
\\ // \\ //
-------- ---------
<====
-------- ---------
// \\ // \\
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| An IPv4 +----+ An IPv6 |
| Network +----+ Network | XLAT: IPv4/IPv6
| |DNS | | Translator
\ +----+ / DNS: DNS46
\\ // \\ //
-------- ---------
====>
-------- ---------
// \\ // \\
/ \ / \
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| The IPv4 +----+ The IPv6 |
| Internet +----+ Internet | XLAT: IPv6/IPv4
| |DNS | | Translator
\ +----+ / DNS: DNS64
\ / \ /
\\ // \\ //
-------- ---------
<====
-------- ---------
// \\ // \\
/ \ / \
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| The IPv4 +----+ The IPv6 |
| Internet +----+ Internet | XLAT: IPv4/IPv6
| |DNS | | Translator
\ +----+ / DNS: DNS46
\ / \ /
\\ // \\ //
-------- ---------
====>
--------
// \\ -----------
/ \ // \\
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| The IPv4 +----+ An IPv6 |
| Internet +----+ Network | XLAT: Stateless IPv4/IPv6
| |DNS | (address | Translator
\ +----+ subset) / DNS: DNS64/DNS46
\ / \\ //
\\ // ----------
--------
<====>
-------- ---------
// \\ // \\
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| An IPv4 +----+ An IPv6 |
| Network +----+ Network | XLAT: Stateless IPv4/IPv6
| |DNS | (address | Translator
\ +----+ subset) / DNS: DNS64/DNS46
\\ // \\ //
-------- ---------
<====>
--------
// \\ -----------
/ \ // \\
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| The IPv4 +----+ An IPv6 |
| Internet +----+ Network | XLAT: Stateful IPv4/IPv6
| |DNS | | Translator
\ +----+ / DNS: DNS64
\ / \\ //
\\ // -----------
--------
<====
-----------
---------- // \\
// \\ / \
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| An IPv4 +----+ The IPv6 |
| Network +----+ Internet | XLAT: Stateful IPv4/IPv6
| |DNS | | Translator
\ +----+ / DNS: DNS64
\\ // \ /
--------- \\ //
-----------
<====
-------- ---------
// \\ // \\
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| An IPv4 +----+ An IPv6 |
| Network +----+ Network | XLAT: Stateful IPv4/IPv6
| |DNS | | Translator
\ +----+ / DNS: DNS64
\\ // \\ //
-------- ---------
<====
-----------------------------------------
| Framework for IPv4/IPv6 Translation |
-----------------------------------------
|| ||
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| || stateless and stateful || |
| -------------------- --------------------- |
| |Address Translation | <======== | IP/ICMP Translation | |
| -------------------- --------------------- |
| /\ /\ |
| || ------------------||------------ |
| || | stateful \/ |
| ----------------- | --------------------- |
| | DNS64/DNS46 | | | Table Maintenance | |
| ----------------- | --------------------- |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
/\ /\
|| ||
----------------- --------------------
| FTP ALG | | Others |
----------------- --------------------
----------------------
////// \\\\\\
/// IPv4 or Dual Stack \\\
|| +----+ Routing +-----+ ||
| |IPv4| |IPv4+| |
| |Host| |IPv6 | |
|| +----+ |Host | ||
\\\ +-----+ ///
\\\\\----+----+-+-----+ +----+-/////
|XLAT|-|DNS64|-|FTP |
| |-|DNS46|-|ALG |
/////----+----+ +-----+ +----+-\\\\\
/// \\\
|| +-----+ +----+ ||
| |IPv4+| |IPv6| |
| |IPv6 | |Host| |
|| |Host | +----+ ||
\\\ +-----+ IPv6-only Routing ///
\\\\\\ //////
----------------------
--------- ---------
// \\ // \\
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| | XLAT: IP/ICMP
| IPv4 +----+ IPv6 | Translator
| Domain | | Domain |
| | | |
\ | | /
\\ // \\ //
-------- ---------
+--------------+ +--------------+
| IPv4 network | | IPv6 network |
| | +-------+ | |
| +----+ |-----| XLAT |---- | +----+ |
| | H4 |-----| +-------+ |--| H6 | |
| +----+ | | +----+ |
+--------------+ +--------------+
+---------------------+ +---------------+
|IPv6 network | | IPv4 |
| | +-------------+ | network |
| |--| Name server |--| |
| | | with DNS64 | | +----+ |
| +----+ | +-------------+ | | H2 | |
| | H1 |---| | | +----+ |
| +----+ | +-------+ | 192.0.2.1 |
|2001:db8::1|------| NAT64 |----| |
| | +-------+ | |
| | | | |
+---------------------+ +---------------+
+-----------------------------+
| |
V |
V6 +------+ V4 |
+----SYN------|CLOSED|-----SYN------+ |
| +------+ | |
| ^ | |
| |TCP_TRANS T.O. | |
V | V |
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ |
|V6 INIT| | TRANS | |V4 INIT| |
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ |
| | ^ | |
| data pkt | | |
| | V4 or V6 RST | |
| | TCP_EST T.O. | |
V4 SYN V | V6 SYN |
| +--------------+ | |
+--------->| ESTABLISHED |<---------+ |
+--------------+ |
| | |
V4 FIN V6 FIN |
| | |
V V |
+---------+ +----------+ |
| V4 FIN | | V6 FIN | |
| RCV | | RCV | |
+---------+ +----------+ |
| | |
V6 FIN V4 FIN TCP_TRANS
| | T.O.
V V |
+---------------------+ |
| V4 FIN + V6 FIN RCV |--------------------+
+---------------------+
+---------------+ +-------------+
| i1 (IPv6)+----NAT64--------+IPv4 Internet|
| | +-------------+
| host |
| | +-------------+
| i2 (IPv6)+-----------------+IPv6 Internet|
+---------------+ +-------------+
+---------------+ +-------------+
| i1 (IPv6)+----NAT64--------+IPv4 Internet|
| | +-------------+
| host |
| | +-------------+
| i2 (IPv4)+-----------------+IPv4 Internet|
+---------------+ +-------------+
+---------------+ +-------------+
| i1 (IPv6)+----NAT64--------+IPv4 Internet|
| | +-------------+
| host |
| |
| i2 (IPv4)+---(local LAN only)
+---------------+
+---------------------+ +---------------+
|IPv6 network | | IPv4 |
| | +-------------+ | Internet |
| |--| Name server |--| |
| | | with DNS64 | | +----+ |
| +----+ | +-------------+ | | H2 | |
| | H1 |---| | | +----+ |
| +----+ | +------------+ | 192.0.2.1 |
| |---| IPv6/IPv4 |--| |
| | | Translator | | |
| | +------------+ | |
| | | | |
+---------------------+ +---------------+
+---------------------+ +---------------+
|IPv6 network | | IPv4 |
| | +--------+ | Internet |
| |-----| Name |----| |
| +-----+ | | server | | +----+ |
| | H1 | | +--------+ | | H2 | |
| |with |---| | | +----+ |
| |DNS64| | +------------+ | 192.0.2.1 |
| +----+ |---| IPv6/IPv4 |--| |
| | | Translator | | |
| | +------------+ | |
| | | | |
+---------------------+ +---------------+
+-----------+ +----------------------+
| | | IPv4 site |
| IPv6 | +------------+ | +----+ |
| Internet |----| IPv6/IPv4 |--|---| H2 | |
| | | Translator | | +----+ |
| | +------------+ | |
| | | | 192.0.2.1 |
| | +------------+ | |
| |----| Name server|--| |
| | | with DNS64 | | |
+-----------+ +------------+ | |
| | | |
+----+ | |
| H1 | +----------------------+
+----+
+--------+
| DHCP | +--------------+
| Server |-...-| DSLAM |
| | | Relay Agent |
+--------+ +--------------+
| |
+------+ +------+
|Modem1| |Modem2|
+------+ +------+
| | |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
|Node1| |Node2| |Node3|
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
UAC Proxy UAS
(IPv4) P (IPv6)
| (IPv4/IPv6) |
| | |
+---F1--------->| |
| +---F2-------->|
| | |
| |<--F3---------+
|<--F4----------+ |
... ... ...
| | |
V V V
ER- ER- ER- ER-
Originator AAA relays Proxy1 AAA relays Proxy2 Destination
(o.r1 (p.r1 (p.r2 (d.r2
.example) .example) .example) .example)
| | | | |
cache=(empty) | | | | |
------------->|--------->| | | |
(1st request of the session)| | | |
Explicit-Path= | | | |
o.r1.example,r1.example | | |
dest-host=d.r2.example | | | |
dest-realm=r2.example | | | |
| | | | |
| |--------->|--------->| |
| | (forwarded request)| |
| | Explicit-Path= | |
| | record1=o.r1.example,r1.example
| | record2=p.r1.example,r1.example
| | dest-host=d.r2.example |
| | dest-realm=r2.example |
| | | | |
| | | |--------->|
| | | (forwarded request)
| | | Explicit-Path=
| | | record1=o.r1.example,
| | | r1.example
| | | record2=p.r1.example,
| | | r1.example
| | | record3=p.r2.example,
| | | r2.example
| | | dest-host=d.r2.example
| | | dest-realm=r2.example
| | | | |
cache= |<---------|<---------|<---------|<---------|
record1=o.r1.example,r1.example (answer) |
record2=p.r1.example,r1.example Explicit-Path=
record3=p.r2.example,r2.example record1=o.r1.example,r1.example
record4=d.r2.example,r2.example record2=p.r1.example,r1.example
| | record3=p.r2.example,r2.example
| | record4=d.r2.example,r2.example
Note: An originator pre-configuring | | |
its local cache can skip the | | |
exchange above and send the | | |
initial request as shown below. | | |
| | | | |
------------->|--------->| | | |
(subsequent request of the session) | | |
Explicit-Path= | | | |
record1=p.r1.example,r1.example | | |
record2=p.r2.example,r2.example | | |
record3=d.r2.example,r2.example | | |
dest-host=p.r1.example | | | |
dest-realm=r1.example | | | |
| |--------->|--------->| |
| | (forwarded request)| |
| | Explicit-Path= | |
| | record1=p.r2.example,r2.example
| | record2=d.r2.example,r2.example
| | dest-host=p.r2.example |
| | dest-realm=r2.example |
| | | | |
| | | |--------->|
| | | (forwarded request)
| | | Explicit-Path
| | | record1=d.r2.example,
| | | r2.example
| | | dest-host=d.r2.example
| | | dest-realm=r2.example
| | | | |
cache= |<---------|<---------|<---------|<---------|
record1=o.r1.example,r1.example (answer) | |
record2=p.r1.example,r1.example * no Explicit-Path-AVP present
record3=p.r2.example,r2.example | | |
record4=d.r2.example,r2.example | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
(subsequent request of the session will repeat the process above)
| | | | |
| | | | |
Line side input +---------------------+ Line side output
--->| |--->
| |
| ROADM |
| |
| |
+---------------------+
| | | | o o o o
| | | | | | | |
O O O O | | | |
Tributary Side: Drop (output) Add (input)
+-----------------------+
Line side-1 --->| |---> Line side-2
Input (I1) | | Output (E2)
Line side-1 <---| |<--- Line side-2
Output (E1) | | Input (I2)
| ROADM |
Line side-3 --->| |---> Line side-4
Input (I3) | | Output (E4)
Line side-3 <---| |<--- Line side-4
Output (E3) | | Input (I4)
| |
+-----------------------+
| O | O | O | O
| | | | | | | |
O | O | O | O |
Tributary Side: E5 I5 E6 I6 E7 I7 E8 I8
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
|Function | SONET/SDH | G.709 OTUk |
| | Regenerator | |
| | Section | |
|------------------+----------------------+-----------------------|
|Signal | J0 (section | Trail Trace |
|Identifier | trace) | Identifier (TTI) |
|------------------+----------------------+-----------------------|
|Performance | BIP-8 (B1) | BIP-8 (within SM) |
|Monitoring | | |
|------------------+----------------------+-----------------------|
|Management | D1-D3 bytes | GCC0 (general |
|Communications | | communications |
| | | channel) |
|------------------+----------------------+-----------------------|
|Fault Management | A1, A2 framing | FAS (frame alignment |
| | bytes | signal), BDI (backward|
| | | defect indication), |
| | | BEI (backward error |
| | | indication) |
+------------------+----------------------+-----------------------|
|Forward Error | P1,Q1 bytes | OTUk FEC |
|Correction (FEC) | | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
I1 +-------------+ +-------------+ E1
----->| | +--------+ | |----->
I2 | +------+ WC #1 +-------+ | E2
----->| | +--------+ | |----->
| Wavelength | | Wavelength |
| Converter | +--------+ | Converter |
| Pool +------+ WC #2 +-------+ Pool |
| | +--------+ | |
| Input | | Output |
| Connection | . | Connection |
| Matrix | . | Matrix |
| | . | |
| | | |
IN | | +--------+ | | EM
----->| +------+ WC #P +-------+ |----->
| | +--------+ | |
+-------------+ ^ ^ +-------------+
| |
| |
| |
| |
+-----------+ ___________ +------+
| |--------------------------->| |
| |--------------------------->| C |
/| | |--------------------------->| o | E1
I1 /D+--->| |--------------------------->| m |
+ e+--->| | | b |====>
====>| M| | Optical | +-----------+ +----+ | i |
+ u+--->| Switch | | WC Pool | |O S|-->| n |
\x+--->| | | +-----+ | |p w|-->| e |
\| | +----+->|WC #1|--+->|t i| | r |
| | | +-----+ | |i t| +------+
| | | | |c c| +------+
/| | | | +-----+ | |a h|-->| |
I2 /D+--->| +----+->|WC #2|--+->|l |-->| C | E2
+ e+--->| | | +-----+ | | | | o |
====>| M| | | +-----------+ +----+ | m |====>
+ u+--->| | | b |
\x+--->| |--------------------------->| i |
\| | |--------------------------->| n |
| |--------------------------->| e |
|___________|--------------------------->| r |
+-----------+ +------+
+-----------+ +------+
| |--------------------------->| |
| |--------------------------->| C |
/| | |--------------------------->| o | E1
I1 /D+--->| |--------------------------->| m |
+ e+--->| | | b |====>
====>| M| | Optical | +-----------+ | i |
+ u+--->| Switch | | WC Pool | | n |
\x+--->| | | +-----+ | | e |
\| | +----+->|WC #1|--+---------->| r |
| | | +-----+ | +------+
| | | | +------+
/| | | | +-----+ | | |
I2 /D+--->| +----+->|WC #2|--+---------->| C | E2
+ e+--->| | | +-----+ | | o |
====>| M| | | +-----------+ | m |====>
+ u+--->| | | b |
\x+--->| |--------------------------->| i |
\| | |--------------------------->| n |
| |--------------------------->| e |
|___________|--------------------------->| r |
+-----------+ +------+
WSON Network Element
+-----------------------+
WSON Signal | | | | WSON Signal
| | | |
---------------> | | | | ----------------->
| | | |
+-----------------------+
<-----> <-------> <----->
Gateway Region Gateway Region
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| FC | | FC | | FC | | FC |
| Device | | Device | | Device | | Device | Fibre
|........| |........| FC |........| |........| Channel
| N_PORT | | N_PORT |<.........>| N_PORT | | N_PORT | Device
+---+----+ +---+----+ Traffic +----+---+ +----+---+ Domain
| | | | ^
+---+----+ +---+----+ +----+---+ +----+---+ |
| F_PORT | | F_PORT | | F_PORT | | F_PORT | |
=+========+==+========+===========+========+==+========+==========
| iFCP Layer |<--------->| iFCP Layer | |
|....................| ^ |....................| |
| iFCP Portal | | | iFCP Portal | v
+--------+-----------+ | +----------+---------+ IP
iFCP|Gateway Control iFCP|Gateway Network
| Data |
| |
| |
|<------Encapsulated Frames------->|
| +------------------+ |
| | | |
+------+ IP Network +--------+
| |
+------------------+
"I-D EXISTS": 'draft-author-wgname-topic-nn' < - - .
: .
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| WG I-D State Machine | . |
| v (not adopted) |
| . |
| CALL FOR ADOPTION BY WG ISSUED . . . . . |
| . : |
| . v |
| v |
| ADOPTED FOR ADOPTED BY WG |
| WG INFO ONLY . |
| : |
| : |
| (individual I-D "Replaced by" 'draft-ietf-wgname-topic-00') |
| : |
| v |
| |
| DEAD WG <--------> WG DOCUMENT <--------> PARKED WG |
| DOCUMENT ("Replaces" individual I-D) DOCUMENT |
| . |
| . ^ \ |
| . / \ |
| . / \ |
| . v \ |
| . \ |
| . IN WG ---+ v |
| LAST CALL | |
| ' ^ +--> WG CONSENSUS: |
| ^ : WAITING FOR |
| ' v +--> WRITEUP |
| ' | |
| ^ WAITING FOR | | |
| ' WG CHAIR ---+ | |
| ' GO-AHEAD v |
| . |
| . SUBMITTED TO IESG |
| ("Revised ID Needed") - - < - FOR PUBLICATION |
| |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
v
IESG Document States
(see Appendix A)
An IRON client (or, simply, "Client") is a customer's router or host
that logically connects the customer's EUNs and their associated EPs
to the IRON via tunnels, as shown in Figure 2. Client routers obtain
EPs from VPCs and use them to number subnets and interfaces within
their EUNs. A Client can be deployed on the same physical platform
that also connects the customer's EUNs to its ISPs, but it may also
be a separate router or even a standalone server system located
within the EUN. (This model applies even if the EUN connects to the
ISP via a Network Address Translator (NAT) -- see Section 6.7).
Finally, a Client may also be a simple end system that connects a
singleton EPA and exhibits the outward appearance of a host.
.-.
,-( _)-.
+--------+ .-(_ (_ )-.
| Client |--(_ ISP )
+---+----+ `-(______)-'
| <= T \ .-.
.-. u \ ,-( _)-.
,-( _)-. n .-(_ (- )-.
.-(_ (_ )-. n (_ Internet )
(_ EUN ) e `-(______)-
`-(______)-' l ___
| s => (:::)-.
+----+---+ .-(::::::::)
| Host | .-(::::::::::::)-.
+--------+ (:::: The IRON ::::)
`-(::::::::::::)-'
`-(::::::)-'
<------------ Relays ------------>
________________________
(::::::::::::::::::::::::)-.
.-(:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::)
.-(:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::)-.
(::::::::::: The IRON :::::::::::::::)
`-(:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::)-'
`-(::::::::::::::::::::::::::::)-'
<------------ Servers ------------>
.-. .-. .-.
,-( _)-. ,-( _)-. ,-( _)-.
.-(_ (_ )-. .-(_ (_ )-. .-(_ (_ )-.
(__ ISP A _) (__ ISP B _) ... (__ ISP x _)
`-(______)-' `-(______)-' `-(______)-'
<----------- NATs ------------>
________________________________________
.-( .-. )-.
.-( ,-( _)-. )-.
.-( +========+(_ (_ +=====+ )-.
.( || (_|| Internet ||_) || ).
.( || ||-(______)-|| vv ).
.( +--------++--+ || || +------------+ ).
( +==>| Server(A) | vv || | Server(B) |====+ )
( // +---------|\-+ +--++----++--+ +------------+ \\ )
( // .-. | \ | Relay(B) | .-. \\ )
( //,-( _)-. | \ +-v----------+ ,-( _)-\\ )
( .||_ (_ )-. | \____| .-(_ (_ ||. )
( _|| ISP A .) | (__ ISP B ||_))
( ||-(______)-' | (redirect) `-(______)|| )
( || | | | vv )
( +-----+-----+ | +-----+-----+ )
| Client(A) | <--+ | Client(B) |
+-----+-----+ The IRON +-----+-----+
| ( (Overlaid on the Native Internet) ) |
.-. .-( .-) .-.
,-( _)-. .-(________________________)-. ,-( _)-.
.-(_ (_ )-. .-(_ (_ )-.
(_ IRON EUN A ) (_ IRON EUN B )
`-(______)-' `-(______)-'
| |
+---+----+ +---+----+
| Host A | | Host B |
+--------+ +--------+
________________________________________
.-( .-. )-.
.-( ,-( _)-. )-.
.-( +=============> .-(_ (_ )-.======+ )-.
.( // (__ Internet _) || ).
.( // `-(______)-' vv ).
.( // +------------+ ).
( // | Server(B) |====+ )
( // +------------+ \\ )
( // .-. .-. \\ )
( //,-( _)-. ,-( _)-\\ )
( .||_ (_ )-. .-(_ (_ ||. )
( _|| ISP A .) (__ ISP B ||_))
( ||-(______)-' `-(______)|| )
( || | | vv )
( +-----+-----+ The IRON +-----+-----+ )
| Client(A) | (Overlaid on the native Internet) | Client(B) |
+-----+-----+ +-----+-----+
| ( ) |
.-. .-( .-) .-.
,-( _)-. .-(________________________)-. ,-( _)-.
.-(_ (_ )-. .-(_ (_ )-.
(_ IRON EUN A ) (_ IRON EUN B )
`-(______)-' `-(______)-'
| |
+---+----+ +---+----+
| Host A | | Host B |
+--------+ +--------+
_________________________________________
.-( )-. )-.
.-( +-------)----+ )-.
.-( | Relay(A) |--------------+ )-.
.( +------------+ \ ).
.( +=======>| Server(A) | \ ).
.( // +--------)---+ \ ).
( // ) \ )
( // The IRON ) \ )
( // .-. ) \ .-. )
( //,-( _)-. ) \ ,-( _)-. )
( .||_ (_ )-. ) The Native Internet .-|_ (_ )-. )
( _|| ISP A ) ) (_ | ISP B ))
( ||-(______)-' ) |-(______)-' )
( || | )-. v | )
( +-----+ ----+ )-. +-----+-----+ )
| Client(A) |)-. | Router B |
+-----+-----+ +-----+-----+
| ( ) |
.-. .-(____________________________________)-. .-.
,-( _)-. ,-( _)-.
.-(_ (_ )-. .-(_ (_ )-.
(_ IRON EUN A ) (_non-IRON EUN B)
`-(______)-' `-(______)-'
| |
+---+----+ +---+----+
| Host A | | Host B |
+--------+ +--------+
_______________________________________
.-( )-. )-.
.-( +-------)----+ )-.
.-( | Relay(A) |<-------------+ )-.
.( +------------+ \ ).
.( +========| Server(A) | \ ).
.( // +--------)---+ \ ).
( // ) \ )
( // The IRON ) \ )
( // .-. ) \ .-. )
( //,-( _)-. ) \ ,-( _)-. )
( .||_ (_ )-. ) The Native Internet .-|_ (_ )-. )
( _|| ISP A ) ) (_ | ISP B ))
( ||-(______)-' ) |-(______)-' )
( vv | )-. | | )
( +-----+ ----+ )-. +-----+-----+ )
| Client(A) |)-. | Router B |
+-----+-----+ +-----+-----+
| ( ) |
.-. .-(____________________________________)-. .-.
,-( _)-. ,-( _)-.
.-(_ (_ )-. .-(_ (_ )-.
(_ IRON EUN A ) (_non-IRON EUN B)
`-(______)-' `-(_______)-'
| |
+---+----+ +---+----+
| Host A | | Host B |
+--------+ +--------+
+--------+ (step 1) +------+
|Attacker| ------------------------- |Source|
| A |IPA IPS| S |
+--------+ /+------+
/
(step 2) /
/
v IPT
+------+
|Target|
| T |
+------+
+------+ +------+
| Node | ------------------------- | Node |
| 1 |IP1 IP2| 2 |
+------+ /+------+
/
/
/
v IPA
+--------+
|Attacker|
| A |
+--------+
+------+ +------+
| Node | --------------- | Node |
| 1 |IP1 IP2| 2 |
+------+ \ /+------+
\ /
\ /
\ /
v IPA v
+--------+
|Attacker|
| A |
+--------+
+------+ __________ +------+
| |A1 ______ ( ) ______ B1| |
| Host |--/ ( ) \--| Host |
| | ( Internet ) | |
| A |--\______( )______/--| B |
| |A2 (__________) B2| |
+------+ +------+
+--------------------------+ +-------------------------------+
| Application | | Application |
+--------------------------+ +-------------------------------+
| Semantic | | MPTCP |
|------------+-------------| + - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - +
| Flow+Endpt | Flow+Endpt | | Subflow (TCP) | Subflow (TCP) |
+------------+-------------+ +---------------+---------------+
| Network | Network | | IP | IP |
+------------+-------------+ +---------------+---------------+
+----------------+ +---------------+ +---------------+
| Collector 1 | | Collector 2 | | Collector N |
|[Collecting | |[Collecting | |[Collecting |
| Process(es)] | | Process(es)] |... | Process(es)] |
+----^-----------+ +---^--------^--+ +--------^------+
| / \ |
| / \ |
Flow Records Flow Records Flow Records Flow Records
| / \ |
+------+-------------+------+ +------+-----------+--------+
|IPFIX Mediator N+1 | |IPFIX Mediator Z |
|[Exporting Process(es)] | |[Exporting Process(es)] |
|[Intermediate Process(es)] | |[Intermediate Process(es)] |
|[Collecting Process(es)] |... |[Collecting Process(es)] |
+----^----------------^-----+ +------^----------------^---+
| | | |
Flow Records Flow Records Packet Reports record stream
| | | |
+------+------+ +------+-------+ +------+-------+ +-----+-----+
|IPFIX | |IPFIX Original| |PSAMP Original| |Other |
| Mediator 1 | | Exporter 1 | | Exporter 1 | | Source 1 |
|+-------------+ |+--------------+ |+--------------+ |+-----------+
+|IPFIX | +|IPFIX Original| +|PSAMP Original| +|Other |
| Mediator N | | Exporter N | | Exporter N | | Source N |
|[Exporting | |[Exporting | |[Exporting | | |
| Process(es)]| | Process(es)]| | Process(es)]| | |
|[Intermediate| |[Metering | |[Metering | | |
| Process(es)]| | Process(es)]| | Process(es)]| | |
|[Collecting | |[Observation | |[Observation | | |
| Process(es)]| | Point(s)]| | Point(s)]| | |
+------^------+ +-----^-^------+ +-----^-^------+ +-----------+
| | | | |
Flow Records Packets coming Packets coming
into Observation into Observation
Points Points
IPFIX (Data Records)
^
^ |
+------------------------|-|---------------------+
| IPFIX Mediator | | |
| | | |
| .---------------------|-+-------------------. |
| .----------------------+--------------------.| |
| | Exporting Process(es) |' |
| '----------------------^--------------------' |
| | | |
| .---------------------|-+-------------------. |
| .----------------------+--------------------.| |
| | Intermediate Process(es) |' |
| '----------------------^--------------------' |
| | | |
| .---------------------|-+-------------------. |
| .----------------------+--------------------.| |
| | Collecting Process(es) |' |
| '----------------------^--------------------' |
+------------------------|-|---------------------+
|
IPFIX (Data Records)
IPFIX (Data Records)
^
^ |
+------------------------|-|---------------------+
| IPFIX Mediator | | |
| .---------------------|-+-------------------. |
| .----------------------+--------------------.| |
| | Exporting Process(es) |' |
| '----------------------^--------------------' |
| .---------------------|-+-------------------. |
| .----------------------+--------------------.| |
| | Intermediate Process(es) |' |
| '----------------------^--------------------' |
+------------------------|-----------------------+
| record stream
+------------------------|-----------------------+
| Non-IPFIX exporter | |
| +-------------+----------+ |
| | | |
+----------|------------------------|------------+
| |
Packets coming into observation points
IPFIX (Data Records)
^ ^
+---------------------------|-|------------------------+
| Original Exporter | | |
| | | |
| .---------------------|-+-------------------. |
| .----------------------+--------------------.| |
| | Exporting Process(es) |' |
| '----------------------^--------------------' |
| | | |
| .---------------------|-+-------------------. |
| .----------------------+--------------------.| |
| | Intermediate Process(es) |' |
| '---------^-----------------------^---------' |
| | Data Records | |
| .----------+---------. .---------+----------. |
| | Metering Process 1 |...| Metering Process N | |
| '----------^---------' '---------^----------' |
| | | |
| .-----------+---------. .---------+-----------. |
| | Observation Point 1 |...| Observation Point N | |
| '-----------^---------' '---------^-----------' |
+--------------|-----------------------|---------------+
| |
Packets coming into Observation Points
IPFIX (Data Records)
^
^ |
.----------------------|-+--------------------.
.-----------------------+---------------------.|
| IPFIX File Writer |'
'-----------------------^---------------------'
| |
.----------------------|-+--------------------.
.-----------------------+---------------------.|
| Intermediate Process(es) |'
'-----------------------^---------------------'
| |
.----------------------|-+--------------------.
.-----------------------+---------------------.|
| IPFIX File Reader |'
'-----------------------^---------------------'
|
IPFIX (Data Records)
IPFIX IPFIX IPFIX
^ ^ ^
| | |
.------------. .-----+-------. .-----+-------. .------+------.
| IPFIX File | | Exporting | | Exporting | | Exporting |
| Writer | | Process 1 | | Process 2 |....| Process N |
'-----^-^----' '-----^-------' '-----^-------' '------^------'
| | | | |
| +-------------+ | |
: Flow Records / Packet Reports :
.------+-------. .-----+--------. .----+---------. .--------------.
| Intermediate | | Intermediate | | Intermediate | | Intermediate |
| Anonymization| | Correlation | | Aggregation | | Selection |
| Process N | | Process N | | Process N | | Process N |
'------|-------' '------|-------' '-----|-|------' '-------|------'
| +---------------+ | |
: : : :
.------+-------. .------+-------. .-------+------. .-------+------.
| Intermediate | | Intermediate | | Intermediate | | Intermediate |
| Selection | | Selection | | Selection | | Selection |
| Process 1 | | Process 2 | | Process 3 | | Process 4 |
'------|-|-----' '------|-------' '-----|--------' '-------|------'
| +--------------+ | +----------------+
| | | | |
: Flow Records / Packet Reports :
.------+------. .-------+-----. .-----+-+-----. .-----+------.
| Collecting | | Collecting | | Collecting | | IPFIX File |
| Process 1 | | Process 2 |...| Process N | | Reader |
'------^------' '------^------' '------^------' '------------'
| | |
Flow Records Flow Records Flow Records
.----------------------. .------------.
| Intermediate | | Exporting |
| Selection Process 1 | | Process 1 |
+--+--- Peering AS #10 ---+-->| +--> Collector 1
| '----------------------' '------------'
| .----------------------. .------------.
record | | Intermediate | | Exporting |
stream | | Selection Process 2 | | Process 2 |
-------+--+--- Peering AS #20 ---+-->| +--> Collector 2
| '----------------------' '------------'
| .----------------------. .------------.
| | Intermediate | | Exporting |
| | Selection Process 3 | | Process 3 |
+--+--- Peering AS #30 ---+-->| +--> Collector 3
'----------------------' '------------'
.------------------. .--------------. .------------.
| Intermediate | | Intermediate | | Exporting |
| Selection | | Aggregation | | Process |
| Process 1 | | Process | | |
+-+ packetDeltaCount +->| +->| |
| | <= 5 | | | | |
record | '------------------' '--------------' | |
stream | .------------------. | |
-------+ | Intermediate | | |
| | Selection | | |
| | Process 2 | | |
+-+ packetDeltaCount +------------------->| |
| > 5 | | |
'------------------' '------------'
.---------------. .---------------. .-------------.
| Collecting | | Intermediate | | IPFIX |
IPFIX | Process | | Anonymization | | File |
----->| +->| Process +->| Writer |
'---------------' '---------------' '-------------'
.-------------. .---------------. .---------------. .-----------.
| IPFIX | | Intermediate | | Intermediate | | Exporting |
| File | | Anonymization | | Correlation | | Process |
| Reader +->| Process +->| Process +->| |
'-------------' '---------------' '---------------' '-----------'
sendonly --+
recvonly --+ |
sendrecv --+ | |
| | |
profile-level-id C C P
max-recv-level R R -
packetization-mode C C P
sprop-deint-buf-req P - P
sprop-interleaving-depth P - P
sprop-max-don-diff P - P
sprop-init-buf-time P - P
max-mbps R R -
max-smbps R R -
max-fs R R -
max-cpb R R -
max-dpb R R -
max-br R R -
redundant-pic-cap R R -
deint-buf-cap R R -
max-rcmd-nalu-size R R -
sar-understood R R -
sar-supported R R -
in-band-parameter-sets R R -
use-level-src-parameter-sets R R -
level-asymmetry-allowed O - -
sprop-parameter-sets S - S
sprop-level-parameter-sets S - S
... N58 N59 I00 N01 N02 R03 N04 N05 R06 ... N58 N59 I00 N01 ...
... --|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|- ... -|---|---|---|- ...
... 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 ... 128 129 130 131 ...
... N58 N59 I00 R03 N01 N02 R06 N04 N05 ...
... -|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|- ...
... 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 ...
... N58 N59 I00 R03 N01 N02 R06 N04 N05 ...
... -|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|- ...
... 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 ...
... N58 N59 I00 N01 N02 R03 N04 N05 R06 ...
... -|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|- ...
... 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 ...
... I00 N58 N59 R03 N01 N02 R06 N04 N05 ...
... --|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|- ...
... 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 ...
... N58 N59 I00 R03 N01 N02 R06 N04 N05 ...
... -|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|- ...
... 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 ...
... N58 N59 I00 N01 N02 R03 N04 N05 ...
... -|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|- ...
... 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 ...
Alice Bob
| |
| Alice and Bob establish a media session. |
| They initiate ZRTP on media ports |
| |
| F1 Hello (version, options, Alice's ZID) |
|-------------------------------------------------->|
| HelloACK F2 |
|<--------------------------------------------------|
| Hello (version, options, Bob's ZID) F3 |
|<--------------------------------------------------|
| F4 HelloACK |
|-------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| Bob acts as the initiator. |
| |
| Commit (Bob's ZID, options, hash value) F5 |
|<--------------------------------------------------|
| F6 DHPart1 (pvr, shared secret hashes) |
|-------------------------------------------------->|
| DHPart2 (pvi, shared secret hashes) F7 |
|<--------------------------------------------------|
| |
| Alice and Bob generate SRTP session key. |
| |
| F8 Confirm1 (MAC, D,A,V,E flags, sig) |
|-------------------------------------------------->|
| Confirm2 (MAC, D,A,V,E flags, sig) F9 |
|<--------------------------------------------------|
| F10 Conf2ACK |
|-------------------------------------------------->|
| SRTP begins |
|<=================================================>|
| |
Key Agreement | pv | message | Meaning
Type Block | words | words |
-----------------------------------------------------------
"DH3k" | 96 | 117 | DH mode with p=3072 bit prime
| | | per RFC 3526, Section 4.
-----------------------------------------------------------
"DH2k" | 64 | 85 | DH mode with p=2048 bit prime
| | | per RFC 3526, Section 3.
-----------------------------------------------------------
"EC25" | 16 | 37 | Elliptic Curve DH, P-256
| | | per RFC 5114, Section 2.6
-----------------------------------------------------------
"EC38" | 24 | 45 | Elliptic Curve DH, P-384
| | | per RFC 5114, Section 2.7
-----------------------------------------------------------
"EC52" | 33 | 54 | Elliptic Curve DH, P-521
| | | per RFC 5114, Section 2.8
| | | (deprecated - do not use)
-----------------------------------------------------------
"Prsh" | - | - | Preshared Non-DH mode
-----------------------------------------------------------
"Mult" | - | - | Multistream Non-DH mode
-----------------------------------------------------------
-----------------|--x------|-----x---|------------------------>
NTP time
--------------------+<---------->+<->+------------------------>
t1 t2 RTP TS(B) time
C: ------------(1,2)-(3,4)--(5)---(6)---(7,8)(9,10)-(11)--(12)----
| | | | | | | | | |
B: -(1,2)-(3,4)-(5)---(6)--(7,8)-(9,10)-(11)-(12)--(13,14)(15,15)-
| | | | | |
A: -------(1)---------------(2)---(3)---------------(4)----(5)----
---------------------------------------------------decoding order-->
+----------------+
| Router Control |
| Plane |
+------+ +-------+
| |
Router Control
Plane Protection
| |
+------+ +-------+
| Forwarding |
Interface X ==[ Plane ]== Interface Y
+----------------+
REGISTRATION REGISTRATION
(1) +----------+ (1)
+------------->| |<---------+
| INVITE(2) | | |
| +----------->| SIP |--------+ |
| | 200 OK(2) | Proxy | | |
| | +----------| |<-----+ | |
| | | | | | | | _________
| | V +----------+ | V | / \
+----------+ IKE (Media Session) +---------+ \
| Remote |<---------(3)------->| Home | Home \
| Client | | Router | Network |
| ============(4)==================== |
|(SIP UAC) | VPN (IPsec SA) |(SIP UAS)| /
+----------+ +---------+ /
\_________/
+---------------------+
| |
| Internet |
| |
+---------------------+
| |
| |(192.0.2.20:45664)
| +---------+
| | NAT |
| +---------+
| |
(192.0.2.10:4500)| |(192.0.2.100:4500)
+---------+ +----------+
| offerer | | answerer |
+---------+ +----------+
P1 ----- P2
| \ / |
| \ / |
| \/ | AS1
| /\ |
| / \ |
| / \ |
ASBR1.1--ASBR1.2
\ /
\ /
''''''\'''/''''''''''''
\ / AS2
ASBR2.1
P1 (RR)-- P2 (RR)
| \ / |
| \ / |
| \ / | AS1
| \/ |
| /\ |
| / \ |
| / \ |
| / \ |
ASBR1.1 ASBR1.2
\ /
\ /
''''''\''''''/''''''''''''
\ /
\ / AS2
ASBR2.1
ASBR1C.1 ---------- ASBR1C.2
| |
| |
| AS1C |
| |
| |
"""|"""""""""""""""""""|"""
| " |
ASBR1A.2 " ASBR1B.2
| " |
| " |
| AS1A " AS1B | AS1
| " |
| " |
ASBR1A.1 " ASBR1B.1
\ " /
\ " /
''''''\'''''''''''''/''''''''''''
\ /
\ / AS2
ASBR2.1
+-------+-------+ \
| Service | \
| Provider | | Service
| Router | | Provider
+-------+-------+ | network
| /
| Customer /
| Internet connection /
|
+------+--------+ \
| IPv6 | \
| Customer Edge | \
| Router | /
+---+-------+-+-+ /
Network A | | Network B | End-User
---+-------------+----+- --+--+-------------+--- | network(s)
| | | | \
+----+-----+ +-----+----+ +----+-----+ +-----+----+ \
|IPv6 Host | |IPv6 Host | | IPv6 Host| |IPv6 Host | /
| | | | | | | | /
+----------+ +-----+----+ +----------+ +----------+ /
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| Domain A | Domain B |
| | |
| +---+ lambda 1 | +---+ |
| | |---------------|---------| | |
| WDM | N | lambda 2 | | N | WDM |
| =====| O |---------------|---------| O |===== |
| O | D | . | | D | O |
| T WDM | E | . | | E | WDM T |
| H =====| 2 | lambda n | | 6 |===== H |
| E | |---------------|---------| | E |
| R +---+ | +---+ R |
| | |
| N +---+ | +---+ N |
| O | | | | | O |
| D WDM | N | | | N | WDM D |
| E =====| O | WDM | | O |===== E |
| S | D |=========================| D | S |
| WDM | E | | | E | WDM |
| =====| 5 | | | 8 |===== |
| | | | | | |
| +---+ | +---+ |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
UNI
: MPLS-TP
:<-- UNI-C -->: : :<-- UNI-N ->: Network <----->
: function : : : function :
--------------- : ------------:--------------------
: | : | : Transport |
: | V | Client : Path |
: | | Service : Mux/Demux |
: | | Control : -- |
: ---------- | | ----------: | | Transport|
:| | | | | | | | Path |
:|Signaling |_|___________|_|Signaling | | | --------->
:|Controller| | | |Controller| | | |
: ---------- | | ---------- | | --------->
: :......|...........|......: : | | |
: | Control | : | | Transport|
: | Channel | : | | Path |
: | | : | | --------->
: | | : | | -+----------->TSI
: | | Transport : | | | --------->
: | Client | Service : | | | |
: | Traffic | Data Plane: | | | |
: ---------- | Flows | -------------- | | |Transport|
:| Client |-|-----------|-|Client/Service|-| |- Path |
:| Traffic |=|===========|=| Traffic | | | --------->
:|Processing| | | | Processing |=| |===+===========>TSI
: ---------- | | -------------- | | --------->
: |______|___________|______| : | | |
: | Data Link | : | | |
: | | : -- |
: | | : Transport |
: | | : Path |
: | | : Data Plane|
--------------- ---------------------------------
The MPLS-TP Network-to-Network Interface (NNI) is illustrated in
Figure 2. This figure obsoletes Figure 5 of [RFC5921]. The NNI for
a particular Transport Service Instance may involve signaling between
the two PEs. If signaling is used, it may traverse the same data-
link that supports the service instance.
NNI
:<--- NNI --->: : :<--- NNI ---->:
: Function : : : Function :
--------------------------- : --------------------------
| : Transport | : | Transport : |
| : Service CP | V | Service CP : |
| : ---------- |Signaling| ---------- : |
| : |Signaling |_| _______ |_|Signaling | : |
| : |Controller| | | |Controller| : |
| : ---------- | | ---------- : |
| : :....... Control .......: : |
| : | Channel | : |
| - : Transport | | Transport : - |
| | | : Path CP | | Path CP : | | |
| | | : ---------- |Signaling| ---------- : | | |
-----| | : |Signaling |_| _______ |_|Signaling | : | |-----
---+-| | : |Controller| | | |Controller| : | |-+---
-----| | : ---------- | | ---------- : | |-----
| | | : :....... Control .......: : | | |
| | | : | Channel | : | | |
| | | Transport Path | | Transport Path | | |
| | | / mux/demux \ | | / mux/demux \| | |
| | |/ : \-- | | -- / : | | |
| | | ---------- | | |Transport| | | ---------- | | |
| | |--|Transport |---| | | Path | | |---|Transport |--| | |
-----| | | Service | | |-------------| | | Service | | |-----
TSI+=| |==|Processing|===| |<+===TSI===+>| |===|Processing|==| |=+TSI
-----| | ---------- | |-------------| | ---------- | |-----
| | | : | | | | | | : | | |
| | | : | | | | | | : | | |
| - : -- | | -- : - |
| : | | : |
| Transport Path | | Transport Path |
| Data Plane | Data Plane |
--------------------------- --------------------------
MPLS-TP Provider MPLS-TP Provider
Edge Node A Edge Node B
+-------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| Content | Source |
+-------------------------------+-----------------------------+
Content Source
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| Lobster Dinner - only $14.99 500 Boardwalk, Pt Pleasant |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
------ ----- ------
/ The \ ----- / An \ / The \
| IPv4 |-----|Xlate|------| IPv6 |-----| IPv6 |
\Internet/ ----- \Network/ \Internet/
------ ----- ------
<===>
+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| IVIG4 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+
||
\ /
\/
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
| PREFIX | IPv4 addr | SUFFIX |
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
| PREFIX | |IVI4| | SUFFIX |
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
||
\ /
\/
-+-+-+
|IVI4|
-+-+-+
| 0 |32 |40 |72 127|
------------------------------------------------------------------
| |ff | | |
------------------------------------------------------------------
|<- PREFIX ->|<- IPv4 address ->| <- SUFFIX -> |
/-----\ /-----\
( ISP's ) -- 192.0.2.2 ----------- 2001:db8::2 -- ( ISP's )
( IPv4 )--|R1|-------------| IVI Xlate |------------|R2|---( IPv6 )
(network) -- 192.0.2.1 ----------- 2001:db8::1 -- (network)
\-----/ \-----/
| |
| |
The IPv4 Internet The IPv6 Internet
Alice P1 REGISTRAR
| | |
|--- REGISTER------------->| |
| Via: Alice;keep | |
| |--- REGISTER-------------->|
| | Via: P1 |
| | Via: Alice;keep |
| | |
| |<-- 200 OK ----------------|
| | Via: P1 |
| | Via: Alice;keep |
|<-- 200 OK ---------------| |
| Via: Alice;keep=30 | |
| | |
| | |
| *** Timeout *** |
| | |
|=== STUN request ========>| |
|<== STUN response ========| |
| | |
| *** Timeout *** |
| | |
|=== STUN request ========>| |
|<== STUN response ========| |
| | |
Alice P1 Bob
| | |
|--- INVITE -------------->| |
| Via: Alice;keep | |
| |--- INVITE --------------->|
| | Via: P1 |
| | Via: Alice;keep |
| | Record-Route: P1 |
| | |
| |<-- 200 OK ----------------|
| | Via: P1 |
| | Via: Alice;keep |
| | Record-Route: P1 |
|<-- 200 OK ---------------| |
| Via: Alice;keep=30 | |
| Record-Route: P1 | |
| | |
|--- ACK ----------------->| |
| | |
| |--- ACK ------------------>|
| | |
| *** Timeout *** |
| | |
|=== STUN request ========>| |
|<== STUN response ========| |
| | |
| *** Timeout *** |
| | |
|=== STUN request ========>| |
|<== STUN response ========| |
| | |
| | |
|--- BYE ----------------->| |
| | |
| |--- BYE ------------------>|
| | |
| |<-- 200 OK ----------------|
| | |
Alice P1 Bob
| | |
|--- INVITE -------------->| |
| Via: Alice;keep | |
| |--- INVITE --------------->|
| | Via: P1 |
| | Via: Alice;keep |
| | |
| |<-- 200 OK ----------------|
| | Via: P1 |
| | Via: Alice;keep |
|<-- 200 OK ---------------| |
| Via: Alice;keep | |
| | |
| |
|--- ACK --------------------------------------------->|
| |
|--- UPDATE ------------------------------------------>|
| Via: Alice;keep |
| |
|<-- 200 OK -------------------------------------------|
| Via: Alice;keep=30 |
| |
| |
| *** Timeout *** |
| |
|=== STUN request ====================================>|
|<== STUN response ====================================|
| |
| *** Timeout *** |
| |
|=== STUN request ====================================>|
|<== STUN response ====================================|
| |
| |
|--- BYE --------------------------------------------->|
| |
|<-- 200 OK -------------------------------------------|
| |
MN1 MAG1 MN2 MAG2 LMA
| | | | |
| Join(G) | | | |
+--------------->| | | |
| | Join(G) | | |
| |<---------------+ | |
| | | | |
| | Aggregated Join(G) | |
| +================================================>|
| | | | |
| | Mcast Data | | |
| |<================================================+
| | | | |
| Mcast Data | Mcast Data | | |
|<---------------+--------------->| | |
| | | | |
| < Movement of MN 2 to MAG2 & PMIP Binding Update > |
| | | | |
| | |--- Rtr Sol -->| |
| | |<-- Rtr Adv ---| |
| | | | |
| | | MLD Query | |
| | |<--------------+ |
| | | | |
| | | Join(G) | |
| | +-------------->| |
| | | Aggregated Join(G)
| | | +===============>|
| | | | |
| | Mcast Data | | |
| |<================================================+
| | | | Mcast Data |
| | | |<===============+
| Mcast Data | | | |
|<---------------+ | Mcast Data | |
| | |<--------------+ |
| | | | |
+===========+================+======================+==========+
| Interface | Source Address | Destination Address | Header |
+===========+================+======================+==========+
| | LMAA | Proxy-CoA | outer |
+ LMA-MAG +----------------+----------------------+----------+
| | LMA-link-local | [RFC2710], [RFC3810] | inner |
+-----------+----------------+----------------------+----------+
| MAG-MN | MAG-link-local | [RFC2710], [RFC3810] | -- |
+-----------+----------------+----------------------+----------+
+===========+================+======================+==========+
| Interface | Source Address | Destination Address | Header |
+===========+================+======================+==========+
| MN-MAG | MN-link-local | [RFC2710], [RFC3810] | -- |
+-----------+----------------+----------------------+----------+
| | Proxy-CoA | LMAA | outer |
+ MAG-LMA +----------------+----------------------+----------+
| | MAG-link-local | [RFC2710], [RFC3810] | inner |
+-----------+----------------+----------------------+----------+
Setting 1:
+===================+==============+================+===============+
| PMIP multicast | # of redund. | # of simul. | # of total |
| scheme | streams | streams | streams in |
| | at MAG | at LMA/LMA-M | the network |
+===================+==============+================+===============+
| Combined Unicast/ | 0 | 250,000 | 1,000,000 |
| Multicast LMA | | | |
+-------------------+--------------+----------------+---------------+
| Dedicated | 0 | 1,000,000 | 1,000,000 |
| Multicast LMA | | | |
+-------------------+--------------+----------------+---------------+
Setting 2:
+===================+==============+================+===============+
| PMIP multicast | # of redund. | # of simul. | # of total |
| scheme | streams | streams | streams in |
| | at MAG | at LMA/LMA-M | the network |
+===================+==============+================+===============+
| Combined Unicast/ | 3 | 200 | 800 |
| Multicast LMA | | | |
+-------------------+--------------+----------------+---------------+
| Dedicated | 0 | 200 | 200 |
| Multicast LMA | | | |
+-------------------+--------------+----------------+---------------+
___ ___________
^ | / |
| | / |
| | / |
U | / |
| | ( |
V | | |
--X | X |
| | `---------.
| | |
| | |
| | |
- `-------------------------'
UAC P1 UAS_2 UAS_3 UAS_4
| | | | |
|-- INVITE -->| | | |
| |--- INVITE (2) ->| | |
| |--- INVITE (3) --------->| |
| |--- INVITE (4) ----------------->|
| |<-- 18x (2) -----| | |
|<- 18x (2) --| | | |
| |<-- 18x (3) -------------| |
|<- 18x (3) --| | | |
| |<-- 18x (4) ---------------------|
|<- 18x (4) --| | | |
| |<-- 4xx (2) -----| | |
| |--- ACK (2) ---->| | |
|<- 199 (2) --| | | |
| |<-- 4xx (3) -------------| |
| |--- ACK (3) ------------>| |
|<- 199 (3) --| | | |
| |<-- 200 (4) ---------------------|
|<- 200 (4) --| | | |
|-- ACK (4) ->| | | |
| |--- ACK (4) -------------------->|
| | | | |
UAC P1 UAS_2 UAS_3 UAS_4
| | | | |
|-- INVITE -->| | | |
| |--- INVITE (2) ->| | |
| |--- INVITE (3) --------->| |
| |--- INVITE (4) ----------------->|
| |<-- 18x (2) -----| | |
|<- 18x (2) --| | | |
| |<-- 18x (3) -------------| |
|<- 18x (3) --| | | |
| |<-- 18x (4) ---------------------|
|<- 18x (4) --| | | |
| |<-- 200 (4) ---------------------|
|<- 200 (4) --| | | |
|-- ACK (4) ->| | | |
| |--- ACK (4) -------------------->|
| | | | |
UAC P1 P2 UAS_2 UAS_3 UAS_4
| | | | | |
|-- INVITE -->| | | | |
| |-- INVITE (2) ------------------>| | |
| |-- INVITE ---->| | | |
| | |--- INVITE (3) --------->| |
| | |--- INVITE (4) ----------------->|
| | |<-- 18x (3) -------------| |
| |<- 18x (3) ----| | | |
|<- 18x (3) --| | | | |
| | |<-- 18x (4) ---------------------|
| |<- 18x (4) ----| | | |
|<- 18x (4) --| | | | |
| | |<-- 4xx (3) -------------| |
| | |--- ACK (3) ------------>| |
| | |<-- 4xx (4) ---------------------|
| | |--- ACK (4) -------------------->|
| |<- 4xx (3) ----| | | |
| |-- ACK (3) --->| | | |
|<- 199 (3) --| | | | |
|<- 199 (4) --| | | | |
| |<- 200 (2) ----------------------| | |
|<- 200 (2) --| | | | |
|-- ACK (2) ->| | | | |
| |-- ACK (2) --------------------->| | |
| | | | | |
+--------------SIP Traffic--------------+
| |
v v
+-----+ +--+--+
| SIP | | SIP |
|Stack| |Stack|
+---+-----+---+ +---+-----+---+
| Control | | Control |
| Client |<----Control Channel---->| Server |
+-------------+ +-------------+
+--------Control SIP Dialog(1)---------+
| |
v v
+-----+ +--+--+
+------(2)------>| SIP |---------------(2)------------->| SIP |
| |Stack| |Stack|
| +---+-----+---+ +---+-----+---+
| | | | |
| | Control |<--Control Channel(1)-->| |
| | Client | | Control |
| +-------------+ | Server |
+--+--+ | |
|User | | |
|Agent|<=====================RTP(2)===================>| |
+-----+ +-------------+
Header field Where CONTROL REPORT SYNC K-ALIVE
___________________________________________________________
Content-Length o o - -
Control-Package R m - - -
Seq - m - -
Status R - m - -
Timeout R - m - -
Timeout 202 - m - -
Dialog-ID R - - m -
Packages - - m -
Supported r - - o -
Keep-Alive R - - o -
Content-Type o o - -
Control Client Control Server
| |
| (1) SIP INVITE |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (2) SIP 200 |
| <--------------------------------------- |
| |
| (3) SIP ACK |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
|==>=======================================>==|
| Control Channel Established |
|==>=======================================>==|
| |
| (4) SYNC |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (5) 200 |
| <--------------------------------------- |
| |
| (6) CONTROL |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
+------+---------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
| Code | Summary | Description | Informational: AS |
| | | | Possible Recovery |
| | | | Action |
+------+---------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
| 200 | OK | request has | |
| | | succeeded. | |
| 400 | Syntax error | request is | Change the request |
| | | syntactically | so that it is |
| | | invalid: it is not | syntactically |
| | | valid with respect to | valid. |
| | | the XML schema | |
| | | specified in | |
| | | Section 5 or it | |
| | | violates a | |
| | | co-occurrence | |
| | | constraint for a | |
| | | request element | |
| | | defined in Section 4. | |
| 405 | dialogid | request uses a | Send a request for |
| | already | dialogid identifier | a new dialog |
| | exists | for a new dialog that | without specifying |
| | | is already used by | the dialogid and |
| | | another dialog on the | let the MS |
| | | MS (see Section 4.2). | generate a unique |
| | | | dialogid in the |
| | | | response. |
| 406 | dialogid does | request uses a | Send an <audit> |
| | not exist | dialogid identifier | request |
| | | for an dialog that | (Section 4.4.1) |
| | | does not exist on the | requesting the |
| | | MS (see Section 4.2). | list of dialog |
| | | | identifiers |
| | | | already used by |
| | | | the MS and then |
| | | | use one of the |
| | | | listed dialog |
| | | | identifiers. |
| 407 | connectionid | request uses a | Use another method |
| | does not | connectionid | to determine which |
| | exist | identifier for a | connections are |
| | | connection that does | available on the |
| | | not exist on the MS. | MS. |
| 408 | conferenceid | request uses a | Use another method |
| | does not | conferenceid | to determine which |
| | exist | identifier for a | conferences are |
| | | conference that does | available on the |
| | | not exist on the MS. | MS. |
| 435 | Unsupported | request contains a | |
| | parallel | prompt <par> element | |
| | playback | whose configuration | |
| | | is not supported by | |
| | | the MS. | |
| 439 | Other | request requires | |
| | unsupported | another capability | |
| | capability | not supported by the | |
| | | MS. | |
+------+---------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
Application Server (AS) Media Server (MS)
| |
| (1) CONTROL: <dialogstart> |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (2) 202 |
| <--------------------------------------- |
| |
| |
| (3) REPORT: <response status="200"/> |
| (terminate) |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
| (4) 200 |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (5) CONTROL: <event ... /> |
| |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
| (6) 200 |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
Application Server (AS) Media Server (MS)
| |
| (1) CONTROL: <dialogstart> |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (2) 200: <response status="421"/> |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
Application Server (AS) Media Server (MS)
| |
| (1) CONTROL: <dialogprepare> |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (2) 202 |
| <--------------------------------------- |
| |
| (3) REPORT: <response status="200"/> |
| (terminate) |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
| (4) 200 |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (5) CONTROL: <dialogstart> |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (6) 202 |
| <--------------------------------------- |
| |
| (7) REPORT: <response status="200"/> |
| (terminate) |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
| (8) 200 |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (9) CONTROL: <event .../> |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
| (10) 200 |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
Application Server (AS) Media Server (MS)
| |
| (1) CONTROL: <dialogstart> |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (2) 202 |
| <--------------------------------------- |
| |
| (3) REPORT: <response status="200"/> |
| (terminate) |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
| (4) 200 |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (5) CONTROL: <dialogterminate> |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (6) 200: <response status="200"/> |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
| (7) CONTROL: <event .../> |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
| (8) 200 |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
+-------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| IE | Description |
+-------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| templateId [scope] | The Template ID of the Template or |
| | Options Template containing the |
| | Information Element described by this |
| | anonymization record. This Information |
| | Element MUST be defined as a Scope |
| | Field. |
| informationElementId | The Information Element identifier of |
| [scope] | the Information Element described by |
| | this anonymization record. This |
| | Information Element MUST be defined as |
| | a Scope Field. Exporting Processes |
| | MUST clear then Enterprise bit of the |
| | informationElementId and Collecting |
| | Processes SHOULD ignore it; information |
| | about enterprise-specific Information |
| | Elements is exported via the |
| | privateEnterpriseNumber Information |
| | Element. |
| privateEnterpriseNumber | The Private Enterprise Number of the |
| [scope] [optional] | enterprise-specific Information Element |
| | described by this anonymization record. |
| | This Information Element MUST be |
| | defined as a Scope Field if present. A |
| | privateEnterpriseNumber of 0 signifies |
| | that the Information Element is |
| | IANA-registered. |
| informationElementIndex | The Information Element index of the |
| [scope] [optional] | instance of the Information Element |
| | described by this anonymization record |
| | identified by the informationElementId |
| | within the Template. Optional; need |
| | only be present when describing |
| | Templates that have multiple instances |
| | of the same Information Element. This |
| | Information Element MUST be defined as |
| | a Scope Field if present. This |
| | Information Element is defined in |
| | Section 6.2. |
| anonymizationFlags | Flags describing the mapping stability |
| | and specialized modifications to the |
| | Anonymization Technique in use. SHOULD |
| | be present. This Information Element |
| | is defined in Section 6.2.3. |
| anonymizationTechnique | The technique used to anonymize the |
| | data. MUST be present. This |
| | Information Element is defined in |
| | Section 6.2.2. |
+-------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
+-------+---------------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Value | Description | Applicable to | Recommended |
| | | | for |
+-------+---------------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| 0 | Undefined: the Exporting | all | all |
| | Process makes no | | |
| | representation as to | | |
| | whether or not the | | |
| | defined field is | | |
| | anonymized. While the | | |
| | Collecting Process MAY | | |
| | assume that the field is | | |
| | not anonymized, it is not | | |
| | guaranteed not to be. | | |
| | This is the default | | |
| | anonymization technique. | | |
| 1 | None: the values exported | all | all |
| | are real. | | |
| 2 | Precision | all | all |
| | Degradation/Truncation: | | |
| | the values exported are | | |
| | anonymized using simple | | |
| | precision degradation or | | |
| | truncation. The new | | |
| | precision or number of | | |
| | truncated bits is | | |
| | implicit in the exported | | |
| | data and can be deduced | | |
| | by the Collecting | | |
| | Process. | | |
| 3 | Binning: the values | all | all |
| | exported are anonymized | | |
| | into bins. | | |
| 4 | Enumeration: the values | all | timestamps |
| | exported are anonymized | | |
| | by enumeration. | | |
| 5 | Permutation: the values | all | identifiers |
| | exported are anonymized | | |
| | by permutation. | | |
| 6 | Structured Permutation: | addresses | |
| | the values exported are | | |
| | anonymized by | | |
| | permutation, preserving | | |
| | bit-level structure as | | |
| | appropriate; this | | |
| | represents | | |
| | prefix-preserving IP | | |
| | address anonymization or | | |
| | structured MAC address | | |
| | anonymization. | | |
| 7 | Reverse Truncation: the | addresses | |
| | values exported are | | |
| | anonymized using reverse | | |
| | truncation. The number | | |
| | of truncated bits is | | |
| | implicit in the exported | | |
| | data, and can be deduced | | |
| | by the Collecting | | |
| | Process. | | |
| 8 | Noise: the values | non-identifiers | counters |
| | exported are anonymized | | |
| | by adding random noise to | | |
| | each value. | | |
| 9 | Offset: the values | all | timestamps |
| | exported are anonymized | | |
| | by adding a single offset | | |
| | to all values. | | |
+-------+---------------------------+-----------------+-------------+
MSB 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 LSB
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| Reserved |LOR|PmA| SC |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+==========================================+
| Exporting Process |
+==========================================+
| |
| (Anonymized at Original Exporter) |
V |
+=============================+ |
| Mediator | |
+=============================+ |
| |
| (Anonymizing Mediator) |
V V
+==========================================+
| Collecting Process |
+==========================================+
|
| (Anonymizing CP/File Writer)
V
+--------------------+
| IPFIX File Storage |
+--------------------+
packets --+ +- IPFIX Messages -+
| | |
V V V
+==================+ +====================+ +=============+
| Metering Process | | Collecting Process | | File Reader |
+==================+ +====================+ +=============+
| Non-anonymized | Records |
V V V
+=========================================================+
| Intermediate Anonymization Process (IAP) |
+=========================================================+
| Anonymized ^ Anonymized |
| Records | Records |
V | V
+===================+ Anonymization +=============+
| Exporting Process |<--- Parameters ------>| File Writer |
+===================+ +=============+
| |
+------------> IPFIX Messages <----------+
try {
System.out.println(
"+---------------+-----------------------+" +
"------------------+--------+--------+");
System.out.println(
"| Time(sec) | Time (UTC format) " +
"| Value of T(Hex) | TOTP | Mode |");
System.out.println(
"+---------------+-----------------------+" +
"------------------+--------+--------+");
System.out.println(
"+---------------+-----------------------+" +
"------------------+--------+--------+");
}
}catch (final Exception e){
System.out.println("Error : " + e);
}
}
}
+----------------------------------------+
| VPLS-Capable PE Model |
| +---------------+ +------+ |
| | | |VPLS-1|------------
| | |=======+ |Fwdr |------------ PWs
| | Bridge --------|--- |------------
| | | SVID-1| +------+ |
| | Module | | o |
| | | | o |
| | (802.1ad | | o |
| | bridge) | | o |
| | | | o |
| | | SVID-n| +------+ |
| | --------|---VPLS-n|-------------
| | |=======+ | Fwdr |------------- PWs
| | | ^ | |-------------
| +---------------+ | +------+ |
| | |
+-----------------------|----------------+
|
LAN emulation (multi-access) interface
------------------------+ Provider +-----------------------
. Core .
+------+ . . +------+
| PE |======================| PE |
Provider | (P) |---------\ /-------| (P) | Provider
Access +------+ . \ / . +------+ Access
Network . \/ . Network
(1) +------+ . /\ . +------+ (2)
| PE |----------/ \--------| PE |
| (B) |----------------------| (B) |
+------+ . . +------+
. .
------------------------+ +-----------------------
__________ ___ ___
/ \ ___ ___ / \ ____|FW |__A
/ \ ___ / \ _____|NAT|__| | |___|
| |__|NAT|__| | |___| | |__B
| | |___| | |__C \___/
| | \___/ ___
S__| Internet | ___ ___ / \
| | ___ / \ _____|NAT|__| |__D
| |__|FW |__| | |___| | |
| | |___| | |__E \___/
\ / \___/
\__________/
ClientHello -------->
ServerHello
Certificate*
ServerKeyExchange*
CertificateRequest*
<-------- ServerHelloDone
Certificate*
ClientKeyExchange
CertificateVerify*
[ChangeCipherSpec]
Finished -------->
[ChangeCipherSpec]
<-------- Finished
4-octet length field
Kerberos V5 AS-REQ -------->
4-octet length field
Kerberos V5 AS-REP
<--------
+-----------------------------+
| +--------+ |
| | | |
| | AAAH ------------------|
| | | | |
| +|-------+ | |
| | | |
| | Home Domain | |
| | | |
+-------|---------------------+ |
| |
| |
| |
+----------------------------|---------+ +-------------|------------+
| Domain A | | | Domain B | |
| | | | +|-------+ |
| +-------|+ | | +-----+ | | |
| | | | | | ------ AAAV2 | |
| | AAAV1 | | | | AA | | | |
| +-------------- | | | +|----+ +--------+ |
| | | +--------+ | | | |
| |AA | | | |--- ---- |
| +--|--+ | | / \ / \ |
| | /----\ | || AR |-----| AR | |
| -|-- / \ | | \ / \ / |
| / \ | AR | | | -|-- --|- |
| | AR ----------- / | |+--|---+ +------|------+ |
| \ / \--|-/ | || AP4 | | L2 Switch | |
| -/-- +-----|------+ | || | +-|---------|-+ |
| / | L2 Switch | | |+------+ | | |
| / +-|-------|--+ | | +---|--+ +----|-+ |
| +----/-+ +----|-+ +-|----+ | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | AP5 | |AP6 | |
| | AP1 | | AP2 | | AP3 | | | +----|-+ +------+ |
| +------+ +------+ +--|---+ | | | |
+--------------------------------|-----+ +------------ |------------+
--|--------- |
//// \\\\ -----|-----
// +------+ //// +------+ \\\\
| | MN ------------->|MN | \\\
| | | | | | | |
| +------+ | | +------+ |
\\ | // |
\\\\ \\\/ ///
------------ \\\\------------- ////
_________________ ____________________________
| Current Network | | CTN |
| ____ | | ____ |
| | | (1) pre-authentication | | |
| | MN |<------------------------------->| AA | |
| |____| | | |____| |
| . | | | |
| . | | | |
|____.____________| | | |
.movement | |(2) Keys |
____.___________________| | |
| _v__ _____ | |
| | |(3) secure assoc. | | | |
| | MN |<------------------>| AP1 |<-------+ |
| |____| |_____| | |
| . | |
| .movement | |
| . | |
| . | |
| _v__ _____ | |
| | |(4) secure assoc. | | | |
| | MN |<------------------>| AP2 |<-------+ |
| |____| |_____| |
|_____________________________________________________|
+----------------------------+-----------+ +-------------+----------+
| | | |
| Home Domain +-------++ | | |
| | | | | |
| |AAAHome | | | |
| + | | | |
| +-----+--+ | | |
| | | | Network B |
| Network A | | | |
| /----\ | | /---\ |
| /nAR \ | | / \ |
| | PAA |--------+-+----------+ pAR | |
| \ / | | \ / |
| \----/ | | \-+-/ |
| | | | | |
| +-------------------| | | | |
| | IEEE 802.11i| | | | |
| +------+ +------+ | | +---+--+ |
| | | | | | | | | |
| |AP2 | |AP1 | | | |AP0 | |
| +------+ +------+ | | +------+ |
| +------+ +-----+ | | +-----+ |
| | | | | | | | | |
| |MN +----------->|MN |<+------------- |MN | |
| +------+ +-----+ | | ++----+ |
|----------------------------------------+ +------------+-----------+
+-----------------------------+
| +--------+ |
| | | |
| | AAAH + |
| | | |
| ++-------+ |
| | |
| | Home AAA Domain |
| | |
+-------+---------------------+
|
|
|
RADIUS/ |
Diameter |
|
|
+----------------------------+-----------+ +-------------+----------+
| | | | |
| Roaming +-------++ | | |
| AAA Domain A | | | | |
| | AAAV | | | |
| + | | | |
| Network A +-----+--+ | | Network B |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| /----\ | | /---\ |
| /nAR \ | | / \ |
| | PAA |--------+-+----------+ pAR | |
| \ / | | \ / |
| \----/ | | \-+-/ |
| | | | | |
| +-------------------| | | | |
| | IEEE 802.11i| | | | |
| +------+ +------+ | | +---+--+ |
| | | | | | | | | |
| |AP2 | |AP1 | | | |AP0 | |
| +------+ +------+ | | +------+ |
| +------+ +-----+ | | +-----+ |
| | | | | | | | | |
| |MN +----------->|MN |<---------------| MN | |
| +------+ +-----+ | | ++----+ |
-----------------------------------------+ +------------+-----------+
=====================================================================
Types |802.11i | 802.11i | MPA-assisted
|Post- | Pre- | Layer 2
|authentication | authentication | Pre-authentication
=====================================================================
Operation| Non- | Roaming | Non- | Roaming |Non- | Roaming|
| Roaming | | Roaming | |Roaming| |
===================================================================
Tauth | 61 ms | 599 ms | 99 ms | 638 ms | 177 ms| 831 ms |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Tconf | -- | -- | -- | -- | 16 ms | 17ms |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Tassoc+ | | | | | | |
4way | 18 ms | 17 ms | 16 ms | 17 ms | 16 ms | 17 ms |
------------------------------------------------------------------|
Total | 79 ms | 616 ms | 115 ms | 655 ms | 208 ms| 865 ms |
------------------------------------------------------------------|
Time | | | | | | |
affecting| 79 ms | 616 ms | 16 ms | 17 ms | 15 ms | 17 ms |
handover | | | | | | |
------------------------------------------------------------------|
+---------v-| +->>>>>>>>>>v-+ +->>>>>>>>>>v-+ +-^---------+
| BN1 v | | ^ BN2 v | | ^ BN3 v | | ^ BN4 |
+---------v-+ +-^---------v-+ +-^---------v-+ +-^---------+
| T1 v | + ^ T1/T2 v | + ^ T2/T3 v | | ^ T3 |
+---------v-+ +-^---------v-+ +-^---------v + +-^---------+
| N1 v | | ^ N1/N2 v | | ^ N2/N3 v | | ^ N3 |
+---------v-+ +-^---------v + +-^---------v-+ +-^---------+
| >>>>>>>>^ >>>>>>>>>>^ >>>>>>>>^ |
+-----------+ +------------+ +-------------+ +-----------+
| | | |
|<-- An Internet --->| |<--- An Internet --->|
| | | |
Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit
6 5 4 3 2 1 0
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| reserved | src |dest |parm |corr |res |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+---------v-| +->>>>>>>>>>v-+ +->>>>>>>>>>v-+ +-^---------+
| BN1 v | | ^ BN2 v | | ^ BN3 v | | ^ BN4 |
+---------v-+ +-^---------v-+ +-^---------v-+ +-^---------+
>>>>>>>>^ >>>>>>>>>>^ >>>>>>>>^
Ciphersuite-Parameters and Results Type Registry:
+---------+------------------------------------+----------------+
| Value | Description | Reference |
+---------+------------------------------------+----------------+
| 0 | reserved | This document |
| 1 | initialization vector (IV) | This document |
| 2 | reserved | This document |
| 3 | key-information | This document |
| 4 | fragment-range (pair of SDNVs) | This document |
| 5 | integrity signature | This document |
| 6 | unassigned | This document |
| 7 | salt | This document |
| 8 | PCB integrity check value (ICV) | This document |
| 9 | reserved | This document |
| 10 | encapsulated block | This document |
| 11 | block type of encapsulated block | This document |
| 12-191 | reserved | This document |
| 192-250 | private use | This document |
| 251-255 | reserved | This document |
+-------+--------------------------------------+----------------+
Metadata Block Format:
+-----+------+--------------------+------+----------+----------|
|Type |Flags |EID-Reference count |Len | Metadata | Metadata |
| |(SDNV)| and list (opt) |(SDNV)| Type | |
+-----+------+--------------------+------+----------+----------+
PHIB Format:
+----+------------+--------------------------------- -+-------------+
|type|flags (SDNV)|EID-ref count and list (comp) (opt)|length (SDNV)|
+----+------------+-----------------------------------+-------------+
| Inserting Node EID Scheme Name (opt)| Inserting Node EID SSP (opt)|
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
A B
ESP1(...)
a1 <----------------------------------------------> b1
ESP1(UPDATE(LOCATOR(a2), ESP_INFO(0,SPI2a)))
a1 -----------------------------------------------> b1
ESP2(UPDATE(ACK, ESP_INFO(0,SPI2b), ECHO_REQ)))
a2 <----------------------------------------------- b1
ESP2(UPDATE(ACK, ECHO_RSP))
a2 -----------------------------------------------> b1
ESP2(...)
a2 <----------------------------------------------> b1
A B
ESP1(...)
a1 <----------------------------------------------> b1
(A moves from a1 to a2)
UPDATE(LOCATOR(a2), ESP_INFO(SPI1a, SPI1a))
a2 -----------------------------------------------> b1
UPDATE(ACK, ECHO_REQ, ESP_INFO(SPI1b,SPI1b))
a2 <----------------------------------------------- b1
UPDATE(ACK, ECHO_RSP)
a2 -----------------------------------------------> b1
(A and B move ESP1 SAs to a2 <-> b1)
ESP1(...)
a2 <----------------------------------------------> b1
+--------+-----+----------------------+- - - - +- - +- - - - - +
| Header | TOC | Data | Header | TOC | Data |
+--------+-----+----------------------+- - - - +- - +- - - - - +
|<- Speech -------------------------->|<- Redundancy (opt) ---->|
+- - -+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| TOC | Frame1 | Frame2 | Frame3 | Frame4 |
+- - -+------------+------------+------------+------------+ ALWAYS
|<- aligned |<- aligned |<- aligned |<- aligned |<- ALIGNED
|<---- sensitive classes ------>|<----- enchantment layers -------->|
+-------------------------------+----+-----+------+- - - - - +------+
| L1 (Base Layer) | L2 | L3 | L4 | | LN |
+-------------------------------+----+-----+------+- - - - - +------+
|<- A --->|<- B ->| ... |<- F ->| |
|<- BR rate ------------------->| |
|<- CR rate ------------------------------------------------------->|
+---+---+----+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|A-C|A-B|1000|1001|cl_A1|cl_B1|cl_C1|cl_A1|cl_B1|cl_A4|cl_B4|
+---+---+----+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|<- CL >|<- TOC ->|<- preceding --->|<- pre-preceding ----->|
+-------------+
|IPv6 Internet|
+-------------+
|
+---------------+----------+
+-----+ +--+ | IPv4 ISP +--+--+ | +--------+
|v4/v6|---|DS|=======+============| CGN |-------+---| IPv4 |
|Host | |HG| | Network +-----+ | | |Internet|
+-----+ +--+ +----------------------+---+ +--------+
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ |
()_6_over_4_ _t_u_n_n_e_l_() +---------------------+
| Existing IPv4 hosts |
+---------------------+
+---+ +-------+ +---+ +---+
| A | | PROXY | | B | | C |
+---+ +-------+ +---+ +---+
Request
-------------------->
Request
-------------------->
Request
------------------------------------->
+---+ +-------+ +---+ +---+
| A | | PROXY | | B | | C |
+---+ +-------+ +---+ +---+
Request
-------------------->
Request
-------------------->
Redirect
<--------------------
Redirect
<-------------------
Request
---------------------------------------------------------->
+---+ +------+ +------+ +---+
| I | | KMS1 | | KMS2 | | R |
+---+ +------+ +------+ +---+
REQUEST_KEY_INIT REQUEST_KEY_INIT
------------------> <----------------------
REQUEST_KEY_RESP REQUEST_KEY_RESP
<------------------ ---------------------->
I_MESSAGE_1
----------------------------------------------------------->
R_MESSAGE_1
<-----------------------------------------------------------
I_MESSAGE_2
----------------------------------------------------------->
R_MESSAGE_2
<-----------------------------------------------------------
+---+ +------+ +------+ +---+
| I | | KMS1 | | KMS2 | | R |
+---+ +------+ +------+ +---+
Pre-established Pre-established
trust relation trust relation
<-----------------> <--------------------->
Security association based on mutual authentication
performed during MIKEY-IBAKE exchange
<---------------------------------------------------------->
REQUEST_KEY_INIT_PSK = ---->
HDR, T, RAND, (IDRi/r),
IDRkms, [IDRpsk], [KEMAC], V <---- REQUEST_KEY_RESP =
HDR, T, [IDRi/r], [IDRkms],
KEMAC, V
REQUEST_KEY_INIT_PKE = ---->
HDR, T, RAND, (IDRi/r),
{CERTi/r}, IDRkms, <---- REQUEST_KEY_RESP =
[KEMAC], [CHASH], HDR, T, [IDRi/r], [IDRkms],
PKE, SIGNi/r KEMAC, V
I_MESSAGE_1 = ---->
HDR, T, RAND, IDRi, IDRr,
IBAKE, [ESK] <---- R_MESSAGE_1 =
HDR, T, IDRi,
IDRr, IBAKE
I_MESSAGE_2 = ---->
HDR, T, RAND, IDRi, IDRr,
IBAKE, [ESK] <---- R_MESSAGE_2 =
HDR, T, [IDRi], [IDRr],
[IBAKE], V
I_MESSAGE_1 = ---->
HDR, T, [IDRi], [IDRr],
[IBAKE] <---- R_MESSAGE_1 =
HDR, T, [IDRi], [IDRr],
[IBAKE], V
I_MESSAGE_1 = ---->
HDR, T, [IDRr], [IDRi],
[IBAKE] <---- R_MESSAGE_1 =
HDR, T, [IDRi], [IDRr],
[IBAKE], V
------ ------
/ \ / \
/--\ / \ / \
|SOHO|---+ Access | |Enterprise|
\--/ | Service | | Network |
/--\ | Provider| | |
|Home|---+ | ------ | |
\--/ \ +---+ +---+ /
\ / / \ \ /
------ | Transit | ------
| Service |
| Provider |
| |
\ /
\ /
------
---
A thermostats, appliances, etc
| ------+-----------------------------------
| |
|"HAN" | <--- Energy Services Interface (ESI)
| +---+---+
| | Meter | Meter is generally an ALG between the AMI and the HAN
| +---+---+
V \
--- \
A \ | /
| \ | /
| "NAN" +--+-+-+---+ Likely a router but could
| |Collector | be a front-end application
V +----+-----+ gateway for utility
--- \
A \ | /
| \ | /
|"AMI" +--+-+-+--+
| | AMI |
| | Headend |
V +---------+
---
Utility NAN
/
/
+----+-----+ +--+ +--+ +--+
| Meter | |D1| |D2| |D3|
+-----+----+ ++-+ ++-+ ++-+
| | | |
----+-+-------+----+----+---- IEEE 802.15.4
|
+--+---+
|Router+------/------ Residential Broadband
+--+---+
|
----+---------+----+----+---- IEEE P1901
| | |
++-+ ++-+ ++-+
|D4| |D5| |D6|
+--+ +--+ +--+
A thermostats, appliances, etc
| ------+----------------+------------------
|"HAN" | |
| +---+---+ +---+---+
| |Router | | Meter |
| |or EMS | | |
V +---+---+ +---+---+
--- | --- \
| ^ \ | /
| |"NAN" \ | /
---+--- | +--+-+-+---+
/ \ | |"Pole Top"|
| Internet| v +----+-----+
\ / ---
-------
+----------+ +--+ +--+ +--+
| Meter | |D1| |D2| |D3|
+-----+----+ ++-+ ++-+ ++-+
| | | |
----+-+-------+----+----+---- IEEE 802.15.4
|
+--+---+
| +------/------ NAN
|Router|
| +------/------ Residential Broadband
+--+---+
|
----+--+------+----+----+---- IEEE P1901
| | | |
+-+-+ ++-+ ++-+ ++-+
|EMS| |D4| |D5| |D6|
+---+ +--+ +--+ +--+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| PRECEDENCE | D | T | R | C | 0 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| DSCP | CU |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| DS FIELD, DSCP | ECN FIELD |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Mobile node Home agent Correspondent node
| |
| Home Test Init (HoTI) | |
|------------------------->|------------------------->|
| | |
| Care-of Test Init (CoTI) |
|---------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| | Home Test (HoT) |
|<-------------------------|<-------------------------|
| | |
| Care-of Test (CoT) |
|<----------------------------------------------------|
| |
Mobile node Correspondent node
| |
| Binding Update (BU) |
|---------------------------------------------->|
| (MAC, seq#, nonce indices, care-of address) |
| |
| |
| Binding Acknowledgement (BA) (if sent) |
|<----------------------------------------------|
| (MAC, seq#, status) |
------ ------
| MR |----------------| HA |
|(RR)| (home network) |(DR)|
------ ------
------- /-----------\ ------
| MR |----| Internet |-----| HA |
|(RR) | \-----------/ |(DR)|
|(DRA)| ------
-------
(visited network)
----------------------------- --------
| MR | | HA |
| (RR) (DRA) | | (DR) |
---------------------------- --------
| | Binding Update |
| |------------------------>|
| | (HoA, CoA) |
| | |
| | Binding Ack |
| |<------------------------|
| | |
| DHCPv6 Solicit | DHCPv6 Solicit |
|..................>|--=====================->|
| | |
| DHCPv6 Advertise | DHCPv6 Advertise |
|<..................|<-=====================--|
| | |
| DHCPv6 Request | DHCPv6 Request |
|..................>|--=====================->|
| | |
| DHCPv6 Reply | DHCPv6 Reply |
|<..................|<-=====================--|
| | (Mobile Network Prefix) |
| | |
-------- --------
| MR | | HA |
| (RR) | | (DR) |
-------- --------
| |
| DHCPv6 Solicit |
|------------------------>|
| |
| DHCPv6 Advertise |
|<------------------------|
| |
| DHCPv6 Request |
|------------------------>|
| |
| DHCPv6 Reply |
|<------------------------|
| (Mobile Network Prefix) |
| |
+----------+
| Wireless |
| Location |
| Service | Retrieve
+----------+ Access Control Rules
| +--------------------------------+
| | +--------------------------+ |
Location | | Access | |
| | | Control Rules v |
| | | +-----+
| | | | Bob |
| | | |+---+|--> ...
| | | +----->||PC ||
........... v | | ++---++
| +------+| +----------+ |
| |Mobile|+--Location->| Presence |--Location-->| +----------+
| |Phone || | Server | |---->| Friend-1 |
| +------++---Rules--->| |---Rules---->| +----------+
| Alice | +----------+ |
| O | |
| /|\ | | +----------+
| / \ | +---->| Friend-2 |
`---------' +----------+
DDNS update +--------+ DDNS update
+--------------->| |<-------+
| | DNS | |
| LLQ | | LLQ |
| +---------->| |<----+ |
| | | | | |
| | +--------+ | |
| | | | +----------+
| V +---+--+----+ | |
+-+-------+ | +-------| |
|Endhost N| Tunnel | NAT +------>|Endhost M |
| |<=====================================>| |
+---------+ | | | |
+-----------+ +----------+
+-------------+------------+------------+---------------+
| IPv4 Header | UDP Header | IPsec ESP | IPv6 Packet |
+-------------+------------+------------+---------------+
1: Push Updated AAAA RR +------------+
<----------------------------------- | |
2: Query for autotunnel SRV RR | |
+--------+ -----------------------------------> | |
| | 3: Reply Updated SRV RR | DNS server |
| client | <----------------------------------- | |
| | 4: Query for Target in SRV RR | |
+--------+ -----------------------------------> | |
5: Reply Updated A RR of Target | |
<----------------------------------- | |
+------------+
+-------------------------------------+----------------------------
| Dispatch + LOWPAN_IPHC (2-3 octets) | In-line IPv6 Header Fields
+-------------------------------------+----------------------------
0 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 0 | 1 | 1 | TF |NH | HLIM |CID|SAC| SAM | M |DAC| DAM |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| SCI | DCI |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------------+--------
| LOWPAN_IPHC | In-line | LOWPAN_NHC | In-line Next | Payload
| Encoding | IP Fields | Encoding | Header Fields |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------------+--------
+----------------+---------------------------
| var-len NHC ID | compressed next header...
+----------------+---------------------------
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | EID |NH |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | C | P |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
----------
d1 -> h1 \
\
G1 d2 -> h2 |-> h''1
+--------+ / \
|d4 -> h4|\ d3 -> h3 / \
|d5 -> h5| \ ---------- |
| | | -> h'1\ |
|d6 -> h6| / \ |
|d7 -> h7|/ d8 -> h8 |-> h''2 |-> h'''1
+--------+ / | \
d9 -> h9 / | \
---------- | |
d10 -> h10\ / |
\ / |
d11 -> h11 |-> h''3 |
/ |
d12 -> h12/ |-> root hash value
---------- |
d13 -> h13\ |
\ |
d14 -> h14 |-> h''4 |
/ \ |
d15 -> h15/ \ |
---------- |-> h'''2 |
d16 -> h16\ | |
\ | |
d17 -> h17 |-> h''5 | |
/ | |
d18 -> h18/ | |
---------- / |
/ /
(any arbitrary) h''6 /
(any arbitrary) h'''3
-----------
| Unicast |................
| Source |............. :
| (Server) | : :
----------- : :
v v
----------- ---------- -----------
| Multicast |------->| Router |---------->|Client RTP |
| Source | | |..........>|Application|
----------- ---------- -----------
| :
| : -----------
| :..............>|Client RTP |
+---------------->|Application|
-----------
-------------- --- ----------
| |-------------------------------| |-->|P1 |
| |-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-| |.->|P2 |
| | | | | |
| Distribution | ---------------- | | | |
| Source | | | | | | |
| |---->|P1 | | | | |
| |.-.->|P2 | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
-------------- | P3|<.=.=.=.| |=.=|*c0 |
| P3|<~~~~~~~| |~~~|*c1 |
MULTICAST RTP | | | | | |
SESSION with | | | N | | |
UNICAST FEEDBACK | | | A | | |
| Retransmission | | T | | Client |
- - - - - - - - - - -| - - - - - - - -| - - - -| - |- -| - - - - -|-
| Server | | | | |
| | | | | |
PORT MAPPING | PT|<~~~~~~~| |~~>|*cT |
| | | | | |
- - - - - - - - - - -| - - - - - - - -| - - - -| - |- -| - - - - -|-
| | | | | |
AUXILIARY UNICAST | | | | | |
RTP SESSION | | | | | |
| P3|........| |..>|*c1 |
| P3|=.=.=.=.| |=.>|*c1 |
| P4|<.=.=.=.| |=.=|*c2 |
| | | | | |
---------------- --- ----------
-----------------------
+--->| Intermediary |
| | Network Element |
| ...|(Retransmission Server)|
| : -----------------------
| :
| v
----------- ---------- ----------
| Multicast | | |---------->| Joining |
| Source |------->| Router |..........>| RTP |
| | | | | Receiver |
----------- ---------- ----------
|
| ----------
+---------------->| Existing |
| RTP |
| Receiver |
----------
----------- --------------
| |------------------------------------>| |
| |.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.->| |
| | | |
| Multicast | ---------------- | |
| Source | | Retransmission | | |
| |-------->| Server (RS) | | |
| |.-.-.-.->| | | |
| | | ------------ | | |
----------- | | Feedback | |<.=.=.=.=.| |
| | Target (FT)| |<~~~~~~~~~| RTP Receiver |
PRIMARY MULTICAST | ------------ | | (RTP_Rx) |
RTP SESSION with | | | |
UNICAST FEEDBACK | | | |
| | | |
- - - - - - - - - - - |- - - - - - - - |- - - - - |- - - - - - - |- -
| | | |
UNICAST BURST | ------------ | | |
(or RETRANSMISSION) | | Burst/ | |<~~~~~~~~>| |
RTP SESSION | | Retrans. | |.........>| |
| |Source (BRS)| |<.=.=.=.=>| |
| ------------ | | |
| | | |
---------------- --------------
-------------------------
| Retransmission Server |
----------- | ------ ------------ | -------- ------------
| Multicast | | | FT | | Burst/Ret. | | | | | RTP |
| Source | | | | | Source | | | Router | | Receiver |
| | | ------ ------------ | | | | (RTP_Rx) |
----------- | | | | -------- ------------
| ------------------------- | |
| | | | |
|-- RTP Multicast ---------->--------------->| |
|-. RTCP Multicast -.-.-.-.->-.-.-.-.-.-.-.->| |
| | | | |
| | |********************************|
| | |* PORT MAPPING SETUP *|
| | |********************************|
| | | | |
| |<~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ RTCP RAMS-R ~~~|
| | | | |
| | |********************************|
| | |* UNICAST SESSION ESTABLISHED *|
| | |********************************|
| | | | |
| | |~~~ RTCP RAMS-I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~>|
| | | | |
| | |... Unicast RTP Burst .........>|
| | | | |
| |<~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (RTCP RAMS-R) ~~|
| | | | |
| | |~~ (RTCP RAMS-I) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~>|
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | |<= SFGMP Join ==|
| | | | |
|-- RTP Multicast ------------------------------------------->|
|-. RTCP Multicast -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.>|
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | |<~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ RTCP RAMS-T ~~~|
| | | | |
: : : : :
| | |<.=.= Unicast RTCP Reports .=.=>|
: : : for the unicast session :
| | | | |
CLIENT SERVER
(PROVER) VERIFIER)
| |
| Verifier sends challenge to prover |
| Challenge = Q |
|<---------------------------------------|
| |
| Prover Computes Response |
| R = OCRA(K, {[C] | Q | [P | S | T]}) |
| Prover sends Response = R |
|--------------------------------------->|
| |
| Verifier Validates Response |
| If Response is valid, Server sends OK |
| If Response is not, Server sends NOK |
|<---------------------------------------|
| |
CLIENT SERVER
(PROVER) (VERIFIER)
| |
| 1. Client sends client-challenge |
| QC = Client-challenge |
|------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| 2. Server computes server-response |
| and sends server-challenge |
| RS = OCRA(K, [C] | QC | QS | [S | T]) |
| QS = Server-challenge |
| Response = RS, QS |
|<-------------------------------------------------|
| |
| 3. Client verifies server-response |
| and computes client-response |
| OCRA(K, [C] | QC | QS | [S | T]) != RS -> STOP |
| RC = OCRA(K, [C] | QS | QC | [P | S | T]) |
| Response = RC |
|------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| 4. Server verifies client-response |
| OCRA(K, [C] | QS | QC | [P|S|T]) != RC -> STOP |
| Response = OK |
|<-------------------------------------------------|
| |
CLIENT SERVER
(PROVER) (VERIFIER)
| |
| Verifier sends signature-challenge |
| Challenge = QS |
|<------------------------------------------|
| |
| Client Computes Response |
| SIGN = OCRA(K, [C] | QS | [P | T]) |
| Response = SIGN |
|------------------------------------------>|
| |
| Verifier Validates Response |
| Response = OK |
|<------------------------------------------|
| |
CLIENT SERVER
(PROVER) VERIFIER)
| |
| 1. Client sends client-challenge |
| QC = Client-challenge |
|-------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| 2. Server computes server-response |
| and sends signature-challenge |
| RS = OCRA(K, [C] | QC | QS | [T]) |
| QS = signature-challenge |
| Response = RS, QS |
|<--------------------------------------------------|
| |
| 3. Client verifies server-response |
| and computes signature |
| OCRA(K, [C] | QC | QS | [T]) != RS -> STOP |
| SIGN = OCRA( K, [C] | QS | QC | [P | T]) |
| Response = SIGN |
|-------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| 4. Server verifies Signature |
| OCRA(K, [C] | QS | QC | [P|T]) != SIGN -> STOP |
| Response = OK |
|<--------------------------------------------------|
| |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| Sublist Position | Head Status Octet | Tail Status Octet |
|-----------------------------------------------------------|
| first | 0xF0 | 0xF0 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------|
| middle | 0xF7 | 0xF0 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------|
| last | 0xF7 | 0xF7 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------|
| cancel | 0xF7 | 0xF4 |
-----------------------------------------------------------
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| Channel Voice Messages | Bitfield Pattern |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| NoteOff (end a note) | 1000cccc 0nnnnnnn 0vvvvvvv |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| NoteOn (start a note) | 1001cccc 0nnnnnnn 0vvvvvvv |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| PTouch (Polyphonic Aftertouch) | 1010cccc 0nnnnnnn 0aaaaaaa |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| CControl (Controller Change) | 1011cccc 0xxxxxxx 0yyyyyyy |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| PChange (Program Change) | 1100cccc 0ppppppp |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| CTouch (Channel Aftertouch) | 1101cccc 0aaaaaaa |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| PWheel (Pitch Wheel) | 1110cccc 0xxxxxxx 0yyyyyyy |
-------------------------------------------------------------
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| System Common Messages | Bitfield Pattern |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| System Exclusive | 11110000, followed by a |
| | list of 0xxxxxx octets, |
| | followed by 11110111 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame | 11110001 0xxxxxxx |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Song Position Pointer | 11110010 0xxxxxxx 0yyyyyyy |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Song Select | 11110011 0xxxxxxx |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Undefined | 11110100 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Undefined | 11110101 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Tune Request | 11110110 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| System Exclusive End Marker | 11110111 |
-------------------------------------------------------------
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| System Real-Time Messages | Bitfield Pattern |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| Clock | 11111000 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Undefined | 11111001 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Start | 11111010 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Continue | 11111011 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Stop | 11111100 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Undefined | 11111101 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Active Sense | 11111110 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| System Reset | 11111111 |
-------------------------------------------------------------
External Network: Prefix = 2001:0DB8:0001:/48
--------------------------------------
|
|
+-------------+
| NPTv6 |
| Translator |
+-------------+
|
|
--------------------------------------
Internal Network: Prefix = FD01:0203:0405:/48
Internal Prefix = FD01:4444:5555:/48
--------------------------------------
V | External Prefix
V | 2001:0DB8:6666:/48
V +---------+ ^
V | NPTv6 | ^
V | Device | ^
V +---------+ ^
External Prefix | ^
2001:0DB8:0001:/48 | ^
--------------------------------------
Internal Prefix = FD01:0203:0405:/48
External Network: Prefix = 2001:0DB8:0001:/48
--------------------------------------
| |
| |
+-------------+ +-------------+
| NPTv6 | | NPTv6 |
| Translator | | Translator |
| #1 | | #2 |
+-------------+ +-------------+
| |
| |
--------------------------------------
Internal Network: Prefix = FD01:0203:0405:/48
External Network #1: External Network #2:
Prefix = 2001:0DB8:0001:/48 Prefix = 2001:0DB8:5555:/48
--------------------------- --------------------------
| |
| |
+-------------+ +-------------+
| NPTv6 | | NPTv6 |
| Translator | | Translator |
| #1 | | #2 |
+-------------+ +-------------+
| |
| |
--------------------------------------
Internal Network: Prefix = FD01:0203:0405:/48
0 15 16 31 32 47 48 63 64 79 80 95 96 111 112 127
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Routing Prefix | Subnet| Interface Identifier (IID) |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
,---. +-------+
/ \ | CN |
( Router)<====| |
+---------+ // \ / | |
| | // `---' +-------+
| | ,---. //
| | / \ //
| Home |<--+ Router)
| Network | \ /
| | `-+-'\\
| | | \\ ,---. +-------+
| | | \\ / \=======>| |
| | +------( Router)<------+ MN |
| | \ / | |
| | `---' +-------+
+---------+
+---------+
| |
___________________| CN |
| | |
| +---------+
V /\
+-------+ ||
|Mobile | ||
|Router | ||
| | || Reversing LSR
+---+---+ ||
| \/
| +---------+ +----------+
| LSR Inserted | |<====>| |
+------------------->| MAS | | MN |
| |----->| |
+---------+ +----------+
+---+-----+
|HoA|DATA |
+---+-----+ +-------+
+----------------------| CN |
| +------------------->| |
| | +-------+
| |
V |
+--------+
| Home | Mapping: HoA <=> CoA
| Agent |
| |
+--------+
|| /\
|| || +-------+
|| +====================| |
|| | MN |
+=======================>| |
+-----+---+---+ +-------+
|DATA |HoA|CoA|
+-----+---+---+
+------+ +------+ +-----+
| HA |-------------| HA | | |
| | | | | CN |
+--+---+ +------+++----+ +-----+
| | || /\
| | || ||
| | || ||
| | || ||
+--+---+------+ || ||
| |<==============+ ||
| HA |==============================+
+-++---+
|| /\
\/ ||
+---++-+ ===>: data flow
| | ----: HA overlay network
| MN |
+------+
DDNS update +--------+ DDNS update
+--------------->| |<-------+
| | DNS | |
| LLQ | | LLQ |
| +---------->| |<----+ |
| | | | | |
| | +--------+ | |
| | | | +---------+
| V +---+--+----+ | |
++-------+ | +-------| |
|Endhost1| Tunnel | NAT +------>|Endhost2 |
| |<=====================================>| |
+--------+ | | | |
+-----------+ +---------+
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| UER1 | | UER2 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Enterprise1 | ISP1 | ISP | ISP2 | Enterprise2 |
| ALOC Realm | ALOC Realm | Tier1 | ALOC Realm | ALOC Realm |
| | | | | |
| *EP | *RBR | | *RBR | *EP |
| ELOC1 | ALOC1 | | ALOC2 | ELOC4 |
| | | | | |
| | *EP | | *EP | |
| | ELOC2 | | ELOC3 | |
| | | | | |
|-------------|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx DFZ xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| ------------|
| RIB | RIB | RIB | RIB | RIB |
| | | | | |
| ALOC1 | ALOC1 | ALOC1 | ALOC2 | ALOC2 |
| ELOC1 | ALOC2 | ALOC2 | ALOC1 | ELOC4 |
| | ELOC2 | | ELOC3 | |
| | ELOC1 | | ELOC4 | |
| | | | | |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| UER1 | UER2 | | UER3 | UER4 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Enterprise1 | ISP1 | ISP | ISP2 | Enterprise2 |
| ALOC Realm | ALOC Realm | Tier1 | ALOC Realm | ALOC Realm |
| | | | | |
| *EP | *aRBR | | *aRBR | *EP |
| ELOC1 | ALOC1.1 | | ALOC2.1 | ELOC4 |
| | | | | |
| *uRBR | | uRBR* |
| |ALOC1.2 | | ALOC2.2| |
| | | | | |
| | *EP | | *EP | |
| | ELOC2 | | ELOC3 | |
| | | | | |
|-------------|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx DFZ xxxxxxxxxxxxxx|-------------|
| RIB | RIB | RIB | RIB | RIB |
| | | | | |
| ALOC1.2 | ALOC1.1 | ALOC1 | ALOC2.1 | ALOC2.2 |
| ELOC1 | ALOC1.2 | ALOC2 | ALOC2.2 | ELOC4 |
| | ALOC2 | | ALOC1 | |
| | ELOC2 | | ELOC3 | |
| | | | | |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| UER1 | | UER2 |
|-----------------------------------------------|-------------|
| Enterprise1 | | Enterprise2 |
| ALOC Realm | | ALOC Realm |
| |---------------------------------| |
| | VPN | |
| | ALOC Realm | |
| *uRBR3 uRBR4* |
| |ALOC3 ALOC4| |
| |xxxxxxxxxxxX VPN RIB xxxxxxxxxxxx| |
| | | |
| | ALOC3 & ALOC4 | |
| |---------------------------------| |
| *EP1 | | *EP2 |
| ELOC1 |---------------------------------| ELOC2 |
| | ISP1 | ISP | ISP2 | |
| | ALOC Realm | Tier1 | ALOC Realm | |
| | | | | |
| BR1* *aRBR | | *aRBR *BR2 |
| | ALOC1 | | ALOC2 | |
| | | | | |
|-------------|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx DFZ xxxxxxxxxxxxxx|-------------|
| RIB | RIB | RIB | RIB | RIB |
| | | | | |
| ALOC1 | ALOC1 | ALOC1 | ALOC2 | ALOC2 |
| ALOC3 | ALOC2 | ALOC2 | ALOC1 | ALOC4 |
| ALOC4 | ELOC1 | | ELOC2 | ALOC3 |
| ELOC1 | | | | ELOC2 |
| | | | | |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
|<-------------- Emulated Service ----------------->|
| |
| |<------- Pseudowire -------->| |
| | | |
| | |<-- MPLS Tunnel -->| | |
| V V V V |
V AC +----+ +----+ AC V
+-----+ | | PE1|===================| PE2| | +-----+
| |----------|............PW1..............|----------| |
| CE1 | | | | | | | | CE2 |
| |----------|............PW2..............|----------| |
+-----+ ^ | | |===================| | | ^ +-----+
^ | +----+ +----+ | | ^
| | Provider Edge 1 Provider Edge 2 | |
| | | |
Customer | | Customer
Edge 1 | | Edge 2
| |
| |
Native FC service Native FC service
+-----------------------------------+
| PE |
+---+ +-+ +-----+ +------+ +------+ +-+
| | |P| | | |PW ter| | MPLS | |P|
| |<==|h|<=| NSP |<=|minati|<=|Tunnel|<=|h|<== From network
| | |y| | | |on | | | |y|
| C | +-+ +-----+ +------+ +------+ +-+
| E | | |
| | +-+ +-----+ +------+ +------+ +-+
| | |P| | | |PW ter| | MPLS | |P|
| |==>|h|=>| NSP |=>|minati|=>|Tunnel|=>|h|==> To network
| | |y| | | |on | | | |y|
+---+ +-+ +-----+ +------+ +------+ +-+
| |
+-----------------------------------+
+-----+
----AC receive---->| |-----PW transmit---->
CE1 | PE1 | PE2/CE2
<---AC transmit----| |<----PW receive-----
+-----+
(arrows indicate direction of user traffic impacted by a defect)
+---------------+
| |
| Hot Standby |
| Cluster |
| |
| +---------+ |
| | | |
| | Active | |
| | | |
| | Member | |
| | | |
| +---------+ |
| ^ |
+---------+ | Synch | |
| | | Channel | |
| IPsec | IKE/IPsec Traffic | | |
| | <=============================> | | |
| Peer | | | |
| | | | |
+---------+ | | |
| v |
| +---------+ |
| | | |
| | Standby | |
| | | |
| | Member | |
| | | |
| +---------+ |
+---------------+
Peer Active Member
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
HDR, SK {IDi, [CERT], [CERTREQ], [IDr], AUTH,
[N(IKEV2_MESSAGE_ID_SYNC_SUPPORTED),]
[N(IPSEC_REPLAY_COUNTER_SYNC_SUPPORTED),]
SAi2, TSi, TSr} ---------->
Standby [Newly Active] Member Peer
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
HDR, SK {N(IKEV2_MESSAGE_ID_SYNC),
[N(IPSEC_REPLAY_COUNTER_SYNC)]} -------->
Standby [Newly Active] Member Peer
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
HDR, SK{N(IPSEC_REPLAY_COUNTER_SYNC)} -------->
Standby (Newly Active) Member Peer
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sync Request (0, 5) -------->
Standby (Newly Active) Member Peer
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sync Request (2, 3) -------->
Standby (Newly Active) Member Peer
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sync Request (2, 5) -------->
------------------------------------------------------------------
srcIP | dstIP | src | dst |proto| one-way delay
| | Port | Port | | metrics
------------------------------------------------------------------
192.0.2.1 192.0.2.105 1025 80 6 Time1, 0x0x91230613
Time2, 0x0x91230650
Time3, 0x0x91230725
Time4, 0x0x91230844
Time5, 0x0x91230978
------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
srcIP | dstIP | src | dst | proto | octetCount | packet
| | Port | Port | | | Count
------------------------------------------------------------------
2001:DB8::1 2001:DB8::2 1025 80 6 108000 120
------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------
selectorId | selectorAlgorithm | sampling | sampling
| | Packet | Packet
| | Interval | Space
--------------------------------------------------------------
15 1 (Count-Based Sampling) 1 99
--------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | participant
sigId |protocol| risk | attacker | target
| Id | Rating | IP | appId | IP | appId
------------------------------------------------------------------
1003 17 10 192.0.2.3 103 192.0.2.103 3001
192.0.2.4 104
alert (271)
| (signatureId)
| (protocolIdentifier)
| (riskRating)
|
+------- participant (270)
|
+------- attacker (269)
| (sourceIPv4Address)
| (applicationId)
|
+------- target (268)
| (destinationIPv4Address)
| (applicationId)
Private NAT Public
Network | Network
|
|
-------- SIP Request |open port 10923 --------
| |-------------------->--->-----------------------| |
| | | | |
| Client | |port 5060 SIP Response | Proxy |
| | x<------------------------| |
| | | | |
-------- | --------
|
|
|
Private NAT Public
Network | Network
|
|
-------- (UAC 8023) REGISTER/Response (UAS 5060) --------
| |-------------------->---<-----------------------| |
| | | | |
| Client | |5060 INVITE (UAC 8015)| Proxy |
| | x<------------------------| |
| | | | |
-------- | --------
|
|
|
NAT Public Network NAT
| |
| |
| |
-------- | SIP Signaling Session | --------
| |---------------------->Proxy<-------------------| |
| | | | | |
| Client | | | | Client |
| A |>=====>RTP>==Unknown Address==>X | | B |
| | | X<==Unknown Address==<RTP<===<| |
-------- | | --------
| |
| |
| |
Private NAT Public
Network | Network
|
|
-------- | --------
| | | | |
| |send request---------------------------------->| |
| Client |<---------------------------------send response| SIP |
| A | | | Proxy |
| | | | |
-------- | --------
|
|
|
Registrar/
Bob NAT Edge Proxy
| | |
|(1) REGISTER | |
|----------------->| |
| | |
| |(1) REGISTER |
| |----------------->|
| | |
|*************************************|
| Create Outbound Connection Tuple |
|*************************************|
| | |
| |(2) 200 OK |
| |<-----------------|
| | |
|(2) 200 OK | |
|<-----------------| |
| | |
Registrar/
Bob NAT Edge Proxy
| | |
|(1) REGISTER | |
|----------------->| |
| | |
| |(1) REGISTER |
| |----------------->|
| | |
|*************************************|
| Create Outbound Connection Tuple |
|*************************************|
| | |
| |(2) 200 OK |
| |<-----------------|
| | |
|(2) 200 OK | |
|<-----------------| |
| | |
Bob NAT Edge Proxy Registrar
| | | |
|(1) REGISTER | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(1) REGISTER | |
| |----------------->| |
| | | |
| | |(2) REGISTER |
| | |----------------->|
| | | |
|*************************************| |
| Create Outbound Connection Tuple | |
|*************************************| |
| | | |
| | |(3) 200 OK |
| | |<-----------------|
| |(4)200 OK | |
| |<-----------------| |
| | | |
|(4)200 OK | | |
|<-----------------| | |
| | | |
Edge Proxy/
Bob NAT Auth. Proxy Alice
| | | |
|(1) INVITE | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(1) INVITE | |
| |----------------->| |
| | | |
| | |(2) INVITE |
| | |---------------->|
| | | |
| | |(3)180 RINGING |
| | |<----------------|
| | | |
| |(4)180 RINGING | |
| |<-----------------| |
| | | |
|(4)180 RINGING | | |
|<-----------------| | |
| | | |
| | |(5)200 OK |
| | |<----------------|
| | | |
| |(6)200 OK | |
| |<-----------------| |
| | | |
|(6)200 OK | | |
|<-----------------| | |
| | | |
|(7)ACK | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(7)ACK | |
| |----------------->| |
| | | |
| | |(8) ACK |
| | |---------------->|
| | | |
Edge Proxy
Bob NAT Auth. Proxy Alice
| | | |
|*******************************************************|
| Registration Binding Installed in |
| Section 5.1.1.1 |
|*******************************************************|
| | | |
| | |(1)INVITE |
| | |<----------------|
| | | |
| |(2)INVITE | |
| |<-----------------| |
| | | |
|(2)INVITE | | |
|<-----------------| | |
| | | |
| | | |
Bob NAT Edge Proxy Auth. Proxy Alice
| | | | |
|***********************************************************|
| Registration Binding Installed in |
| Section 5.1.2 |
|***********************************************************|
| | | | |
| | | |(1)INVITE |
| | | |<-------------|
| | | | |
| | |(2)INVITE | |
| | |<-------------| |
| | | | |
| |(3)INVITE | | |
| |<-------------| | |
| | | | |
|(3)INVITE | | | |
|<-------------| | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
Client NAT STUN [..]
Server
| | | |
|(1) BIND Req | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-1 | | |
|Dest=STUN-PUB | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(2) BIND Req | |
| |Src=NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Dest=STUN-PUB | |
| |----------------->| |
| | | |
| |(3) BIND Resp | |
| |<-----------------| |
| |Src=STUN-PUB | |
| |Dest=NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Map=NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | | |
|(4) BIND Resp | | |
|<-----------------| | |
|Src=STUN-PUB | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-1 | | |
|Map=NAT-PUB-1 | | |
| | | |
|(5) BIND Req | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-2 | | |
|Dest=STUN-PUB | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(6) BIND Req | |
| |Src=NAT-PUB-2 | |
| |Dest=STUN-PUB | |
| |----------------->| |
| | | |
| |(7) BIND Resp | |
| |<-----------------| |
| |Src=STUN-PUB | |
| |Dest=NAT-PUB-2 | |
| |Map=NAT-PUB-2 | |
| | | |
|(8) BIND Resp | | |
|<-----------------| | |
|Src=STUN-PUB | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-2 | | |
|Map=NAT-PUB-2 | | |
| | | |
|(9)SIP INVITE | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(10)SIP INVITE | |
| |------------------------------------>|
| | | |
| | |(11)SIP 200 OK |
| |<------------------------------------|
| | | |
|(12)SIP 200 OK | | |
|<-----------------| | |
| | | |
|========================================================|
|>>>>>>>>>>>>Outgoing Media sent from L-PRIV-1>>>>>>>>>>>|
|========================================================|
| |
|========================================================|
|<<<<<<<<<<<<Incoming Media sent to NAT-PUB-1<<<<<<<<<<<<|
|========================================================|
| |
|========================================================|
|>>>>>>>>>>>>Outgoing RTCP sent from L-PRIV-2>>>>>>>>>>>>|
|========================================================|
| |
|========================================================|
|<<<<<<<<<<<<Incoming RTCP sent to NAT-PUB-2<<<<<<<<<<<<<|
|========================================================|
| | | |
|(13)SIP ACK | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(14) SIP ACK | |
| |------------------------------------>|
| | | |
Client NAT STUN [..]
Server
| | | (1)SIP INVITE |
| |<------------------------------------|
| | | |
|(2) SIP INVITE | | |
|<-----------------| | |
| | | |
|(3) BIND Req | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-1 | | |
|Dest=STUN-PUB | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(4) BIND Req | |
| |Src=NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Dest=STUN-PUB | |
| |----------------->| |
| | | |
| |(5) BIND Resp | |
| |<-----------------| |
| |Src=STUN-PUB | |
| |Dest=NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Map=NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | | |
|(6) BIND Resp | | |
|<-----------------| | |
|Src=STUN-PUB | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-1 | | |
|Map=NAT-PUB-1 | | |
| | | |
|(7) BIND Req | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-2 | | |
|Dest=STUN-PUB | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(8) BIND Req | |
| |Src=NAT-PUB-2 | |
| |Dest=STUN-PUB | |
| |----------------->| |
| | | |
| |(9) BIND Resp | |
| |<-----------------| |
| |Src=STUN-PUB | |
| |Dest=NAT-PUB-2 | |
| |Map=NAT-PUB-2 | |
| | | |
|(10) BIND Resp | | |
|<-----------------| | |
|Src=STUN-PUB | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-2 | | |
|Map=NAT-PUB-2 | | |
| | | |
|(11)SIP 200 OK | | |
|----------------->| | |
| |(12)SIP 200 OK | |
| |------------------------------------>|
| | | |
|========================================================|
|>>>>>>>>>>>>Outgoing Media sent from L-PRIV-1>>>>>>>>>>>|
|========================================================|
| | | |
|========================================================|
|<<<<<<<<<<<<<Incoming Media sent to L-PRIV-1<<<<<<<<<<<<|
|========================================================|
| | | |
|========================================================|
|>>>>>>>>>>>>Outgoing RTCP sent from L-PRIV-2>>>>>>>>>>>>|
|========================================================|
| | | |
|========================================================|
|<<<<<<<<<<<<<Incoming RTCP sent to L-PRIV-2<<<<<<<<<<<<<|
|========================================================|
| | | |
| | |(13)SIP ACK |
| |<------------------------------------|
| | | |
|(14)SIP ACK | | |
|<-----------------| | |
| | | |
L NAT STUN NAT R
Server
| | | | |
|(1) Alloc Req | | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-1 | | | |
|Dest=TURN-PUB-1 | | | |
|--------------->| | | |
| | | | |
| |(2) Alloc Req | | |
| |Src=L-NAT-PUB-1 | | |
| |Dest=TURN-PUB-1 | | |
| |--------------->| | |
| | | | |
| |(3) Alloc Resp | | |
| |<---------------| | |
| |Src=TURN-PUB-1 | | |
| |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1| | |
| |Map=L-NAT-PUB-1 | | |
| |Rel=TURN-PUB-2 | | |
| | | | |
|(4) Alloc Resp | | | |
|<---------------| | | |
|Src=TURN-PUB-1 | | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-1 | | | |
|Map=L-NAT-PUB-1 | | | |
|Rel=TURN-PUB-2 | | | |
| | | | |
|(5) Alloc Req | | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-2 | | | |
|Dest=TURN-PUB-1 | | | |
|--------------->| | | |
| | | | |
| |(6) Alloc Req | | |
| |Src=L-NAT-PUB-2 | | |
| |Dest=TURN-PUB-1 | | |
| |--------------->| | |
| | | | |
| |(7) Alloc Resp | | |
| |<---------------| | |
| |Src=TURN-PUB-1 | | |
| |Dest=NAT-PUB-2 | | |
| |Map=NAT-PUB-2 | | |
| |Rel=TURN-PUB-3 | | |
| | | | |
|(8) Alloc Resp | | | |
|<---------------| | | |
|Src=TURN-PUB-1 | | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-2 | | | |
|Map=L-NAT-PUB-2 | | | |
|Rel=TURN-PUB-3 | | | |
| | | | |
|(9) SIP INVITE | | | |
|------------------------------------------------->| |
| | | | |
| | | |(10) SIP INVITE |
| | | |--------------->|
| | | | |
| | | |(11) Alloc Req |
| | | |<---------------|
| | | |Src=R-PRIV-1 |
| | | |Dest=TURN-PUB-1 |
| | | | |
| | |(12) Alloc Req | |
| | |<---------------| |
| | |Src=R-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | |Dest=TURN-PUB-1 | |
| | | | |
| | |(13) Alloc Res | |
| | |--------------->| |
| | |Src=TURN-PUB-1 | |
| | |Dest=R-NAT-PUB-1| |
| | |Map=R-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | |Rel=TURN-PUB-4 | |
| | | | |
| | | |(14) Alloc Res |
| | | |--------------->|
| | | |Src=TURN-PUB-1 |
| | | |Dest=R-PRIV-1 |
| | | |Map=R-NAT-PUB-1 |
| | | |Rel=TURN-PUB-4 |
| | | | |
| | | |(15) Alloc Req |
| | | |<---------------|
| | | |Src=R-PRIV-2 |
| | | |Dest=TURN-PUB-1 |
| | | | |
| | |(16) Alloc Req | |
| | |<---------------| |
| | |Src=R-NAT-PUB-2 | |
| | |Dest=TURN-PUB-1 | |
| | | | |
| | |(17) Alloc Res | |
| | |--------------->| |
| | |Src=TURN-PUB-1 | |
| | |Dest=R-NAT-PUB-2| |
| | |Map=R-NAT-PUB-2 | |
| | |Rel=TURN-PUB-5 | |
| | | | |
| | | |(18) Alloc Res |
| | | |--------------->|
| | | |Src=TURN-PUB-1 |
| | | |Dest=R-PRIV-2 |
| | | |Map=R-NAT-PUB-2 |
| | | |Rel=TURN-PUB-5 |
| | | | |
| | | |(19) SIP 200 OK |
| |<-------------------------------------------------|
| | | | |
|(20) SIP 200 OK | | | |
|<---------------| | | |
| | | | |
|(21) SIP ACK | | | |
|------------------------------------------------->| |
| | | | |
| | | |(22) SIP ACK |
| | | |--------------->|
| | | | |
|(23) Bind Req | | | |
|------------------------>x | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-1 | | | |
|Dest=R-PRIV-1 | | | |
| | | | |
|(24) Bind Req | | | |
|--------------->| | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-1 | | | |
|Dest=R-NAT-PUB-1| | | |
| | | | |
| |(25) Bind Req | | |
| |-------------------------------->| |
| |Src=L-NAT-PUB-1 | | |
| |Dest=R-NAT-PUB-1| | |
| | | | |
| | | |(26) Bind Req |
| | | |--------------->|
| | | |Src=L-NAT-PUB-1 |
| | | |Dest=R-PRIV-1 |
| | | | |
| | | |(27) Bind Res |
| | | |<---------------|
| | | |Src=R-PRIV-1 |
| | | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1|
| | | |Map=L-NAT-PUB-1 |
| | | | |
| | |(28) Bind Res | |
| |<--------------------------------| |
| | |Src=R-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1| |
| | |Map=L-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | | | |
|(29) Bind Res | | | |
|<---------------| | | |
|Src=R-NAT-PUB-1 | | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-1 | | | |
|Map=L-NAT-PUB-1 | | | |
| | | | |
|===================================================================|
|>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>Outgoing RTP sent from L-PRIV-1 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>|
|===================================================================|
| | | | |
| | | |(30) Bind Req |
| | | x<-----------------------|
| | | |Src=R-PRIV-1 |
| | | |Dest=L-PRIV-1 |
| | | | |
| | | |(31) Bind Req |
| | | |<---------------|
| | | |Src=R-PRIV-1 |
| | | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1|
| | | | |
| | |(32) Bind Req | |
| |<--------------------------------| |
| | |Src=R-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1| |
| | | | |
|(33) Bind Req | | | |
|<---------------| | | |
|Src=R-NAT-PUB-1 | | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-1 | | | |
| | | | |
|(34) Bind Res | | | |
|--------------->| | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-1 | | | |
|Dest=R-NAT-PUB-1| | | |
|Map=R-NAT-PUB-1 | | | |
| | | | |
| |(35) Bind Res | | |
| |-------------------------------->| |
| |Src=L-NAT-PUB-1 | | |
| |Dest=R-NAT-PUB-1| | |
| |Map=R-NAT-PUB-1 | | |
| | | | |
| | | |(36) Bind Res |
| | | |--------------->|
| | | |Src=L-NAT-PUB-1 |
| | | |Dest=R-PRIV-1 |
| | | |Map=R-NAT-PUB-1 |
| | | | |
|===================================================================|
|<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<Outgoing RTP sent from R-PRIV-1 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<|
|===================================================================|
|(37) Bind Req | | | |
|--------------->| | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-1 | | | |
|Dest=R-NAT-PUB-1| | | |
|USE-CANDIDATE | | | |
| | | | |
| |(38) Bind Req | | |
| |-------------------------------->| |
| |Src=L-NAT-PUB-1 | | |
| |Dest=R-NAT-PUB-1| | |
| |USE-CANDIDATE | | |
| | | | |
| | | |(39) Bind Req |
| | | |--------------->|
| | | |Src=L-NAT-PUB-1 |
| | | |Dest=R-PRIV-1 |
| | | |USE-CANDIDATE |
| | | | |
| | | |(40) Bind Res |
| | | |<---------------|
| | | |Src=R-PRIV-1 |
| | | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1|
| | | |Map=L-NAT-PUB-1 |
| | | | |
| | |(41) Bind Res | |
| |<--------------------------------| |
| | |Src=R-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1| |
| | |Map=L-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | | | |
|(42) Bind Res | | | |
|<---------------| | | |
|Src=R-NAT-PUB-1 | | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-1 | | | |
|Map=L-NAT-PUB-1 | | | |
| | | | |
|(43) Bind Req | | | |
|--------------->| | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-2 | | | |
|Dest=R-NAT-PUB-2| | | |
| | | | |
| |(44) Bind Req | | |
| |-------------------------------->| |
| |Src=L-NAT-PUB-2 | | |
| |Dest=R-NAT-PUB-2| | |
| | | | |
| | | |(45) Bind Req |
| | | |--------------->|
| | | |Src=L-NAT-PUB-2 |
| | | |Dest=R-PRIV-2 |
| | | | |
| | | |(46) Bind Res |
| | | |<---------------|
| | | |Src=R-PRIV-2 |
| | | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-2|
| | | |Map=L-NAT-PUB-2 |
| | | | |
| | |(47) Bind Res | |
| |<--------------------------------| |
| | |Src=R-NAT-PUB-2 | |
| | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-2| |
| | |Map=L-NAT-PUB-2 | |
| | | | |
|(48) Bind Res | | | |
|<---------------| | | |
|Src=R-NAT-PUB-2 | | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-2 | | | |
|Map=L-NAT-PUB-2 | | | |
| | | | |
|===================================================================|
|>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>Outgoing RTCP sent from L-PRIV-2 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>|
|===================================================================|
| | | | |
| | | |(49) Bind Req |
| | | |<---------------|
| | | |Src=R-PRIV-2 |
| | | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-2|
| | | | |
| | |(50) Bind Req | |
| |<--------------------------------| |
| | |Src=R-NAT-PUB-2 | |
| | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-2| |
| | | | |
|(51) Bind Req | | | |
|<---------------| | | |
|Src=R-NAT-PUB-2 | | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-2 | | | |
| | | | |
|(52) Bind Res | | | |
|--------------->| | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-2 | | | |
|Dest=R-NAT-PUB-2| | | |
|Map=R-NAT-PUB-2 | | | |
| | | | |
| |(53) Bind Res | | |
| |-------------------------------->| |
| |Src=L-NAT-PUB-2 | | |
| |Dest=R-NAT-PUB-2| | |
| |Map=R-NAT-PUB-2 | | |
| | | | |
| | | |(54) Bind Res |
| | | |--------------->|
| | | |Src=L-NAT-PUB-2 |
| | | |Dest=R-PRIV-2 |
| | | |Map=R-NAT-PUB-2 |
| | | | |
|===================================================================|
|<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<Outgoing RTCP sent from R-PRIV-2<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<|
|===================================================================|
|(55) Bind Req | | | |
|--------------->| | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-2 | | | |
|Dest=R-NAT-PUB-2| | | |
|USE-CANDIDATE | | | |
| | | | |
| |(56) Bind Req | | |
| |-------------------------------->| |
| |Src=L-NAT-PUB-2 | | |
| |Dest=R-NAT-PUB-2| | |
| |USE-CANDIDATE | | |
| | | | |
| | | |(57) Bind Req |
| | | |--------------->|
| | | |Src=L-NAT-PUB-2 |
| | | |Dest=R-PRIV-2 |
| | | |USE-CANDIDATE |
| | | | |
| | | |(58) Bind Res |
| | | |<---------------|
| | | |Src=R-PRIV-2 |
| | | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-2|
| | | |Map=L-NAT-PUB-2 |
| | | | |
| | |(59) Bind Res | |
| |<--------------------------------| |
| | |Src=R-NAT-PUB-2 | |
| | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-2| |
| | |Map=L-NAT-PUB-2 | |
| | | | |
|(60) Bind Res | | | |
|<---------------| | | |
|Src=R-NAT-PUB-2 | | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-2 | | | |
|Map=L-NAT-PUB-2 | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
|(61) SIP INVITE | | | |
|------------------------------------------------->| |
| | | | |
| | | |(62) SIP INVITE |
| | | |--------------->|
| | | | |
| | | |(63) SIP 200 OK |
| |<-------------------------------------------------|
| | | | |
|(64) SIP 200 OK | | | |
|<---------------| | | |
| | | | |
|(65) SIP ACK | | | |
|------------------------------------------------->| |
| | | | |
| | | |(66) SIP ACK |
| | | |--------------->|
| | | | |
Client ADDRESS/PORT-Dependent STUN [..]
NAT Server
| | | |
|(1) BIND Req | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-1 | | |
|Dest=STUN-PUB | | |
|----------------->| | |
| |(2) BIND Req | |
| |Src=NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Dest=STUN-PUB | |
| |----------------->| |
| | | |
| |(3) BIND Resp | |
| |<-----------------| |
| |Src=STUN-PUB | |
| |Dest=NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Map=NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | | |
|(4) BIND Resp | | |
|<-----------------| | |
|Src=STUN-PUB | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-1 | | |
|Map=NAT-PUB-1 | | |
| | | |
|(5)SIP INVITE | | |
|------------------------------------------------------->|
| | | |
| | |(6)SIP 200 OK |
| |<------------------------------------|
| | | |
|(7)SIP 200 OK | | |
|<-----------------| | |
| | | |
|========================================================|
|>>>>>>>>>>>>>>Outgoing Media sent from L-PRIV-1>>>>>>>>>|
|========================================================|
| | | |
| x=====================================|
| xIncoming Media sent to L-PRIV-1<<<<<<|
| x=====================================|
| | | |
|(8)SIP ACK | | |
|----------------->| | |
| |(9) SIP ACK | |
| |------------------------------------>|
| | | |
L Address/Port-Dependent TURN [..]
NAT Server
| | | |
|(1) Alloc Req | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-1 | | |
|Dest=STUN-PUB-1 | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(2) Alloc Req | |
| |Src=NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Dest=STUN-PUB-1 | |
| |----------------->| |
| | | |
| |(3) Alloc Resp | |
| |<-----------------| |
| |Src=STUN-PUB-1 | |
| |Dest=NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Map=NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Rel=STUN-PUB-2 | |
| | | |
|(4) Alloc Resp | | |
|<-----------------| | |
|Src=STUN-PUB-1 | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-1 | | |
|Map=NAT-PUB-1 | | |
|Rel=STUN-PUB-2 | | |
| | | |
|(5) Alloc Req | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-2 | | |
|Dest=STUN-PUB-1 | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(6) Alloc Req | |
| |Src=NAT-PUB-2 | |
| |Dest=STUN-PUB-1 | |
| |----------------->| |
| | | |
| |(7) Alloc Resp | |
| |<-----------------| |
| |Src=STUN-PUB-1 | |
| |Dest=NAT-PUB-2 | |
| |Map=NAT-PUB-2 | |
| |Rel=STUN-PUB-3 | |
| | | |
|(8) Alloc Resp | | |
|<-----------------| | |
|Src=STUN-PUB-1 | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-2 | | |
|Map=NAT-PUB-2 | | |
|Rel=STUN-PUB-3 | | |
| | | |
|(9)SIP INVITE | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(10)SIP INVITE | |
| |------------------------------------>|
| | | |
| | |(11)SIP 200 OK |
| |<------------------------------------|
| | | |
|(12)SIP 200 OK | | |
|<-----------------| | |
| | | |
|========================================================|
|>>>>>>>>>>>>>Outgoing Media sent from L-PRIV-1>>>>>>>>>>|
|========================================================|
| | | |
| | |==================|
| | |<<<Media Sent to<<|
| | |<<<<STUN-PUB-2<<<<|
| | |==================|
| | | |
|=====================================| |
|<Incoming Media Relayed to L-PRIV-1<<| |
|=====================================| |
| | | |
| | |==================|
| | |<<<RTCP Sent to<<>|
| | |<<<<STUN-PUB-3<<<<|
| | |==================|
| | | |
|=====================================| |
|<<Incoming RTCP Relayed to L-PRIV-2<<| |
|=====================================| |
| | | |
|(13)SIP ACK | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(14) SIP ACK | |
| |------------------------------------>|
| | | |
L Address/Port-Dependent Endpoint-Independent R
L-NAT R-NAT
|========================================================|
| SIP OFFER/ANSWER EXCHANGE |
|========================================================|
| | | |
| | |(1)Bind Req |
| | |<-----------------|
| | |Src=R=PRIV-1 |
| | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1 |
| | | |
| |(2)Bind Req | |
| x<-----------------| |
| |Src=R-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | | |
|(3)Bind Req | | |
|----------------->| | |
|Src=L-PRIV-1 | | |
|Dest=R-NAT-PUB-1 | | |
| | | |
| |(4)Bind Req | |
| |----------------->| |
| |Src=L-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Dest=R-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | | |
| | |(5)Bind Req |
| | |----------------->|
| | |Src=L-NAT-PUB-1 |
| | |Dest=R-PRIV-1 |
| | | |
| | |(6)Bind Resp |
| | |<-----------------|
| | |Src=R-PRIV-1 |
| | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1 |
| | | |
| |(7)Bind Resp | |
| |<-----------------| |
| |Src=R-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | | |
|(8)Bind Resp | | |
|<-----------------| | |
|Src=R-NAT-PUB-1 | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-1 | | |
| | | |
| | |(9)Bind Req |
| | |<-----------------|
| | |Src=R-Priv-1 |
| | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1 |
| |(10)Bind Req | |
| |<-----------------| |
| |Src=R-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | | |
|(11)Bind Req | | |
|<-----------------| | |
|Src=R-NAT-PUB-1 | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-1 | | |
| | | |
|(12)Bind Resp | | |
|----------------->| | |
|Src=L-PRIV-1 | | |
|Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1 | | |
| | | |
| |(13)Bind Resp | |
| |----------------->| |
| |Src=L-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Dest=R-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | | |
| | |(14)Bind Resp |
| | |----------------->|
| | |Src=L-NAT-PUB-1 |
| | |Dest=R-PRIV-1 |
| | | |
+------------------------+
| Application |
+------------------------+
^ ^
~~~~~~~~~~~~~|~Socket Interface|~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| v
+-----------|------------------------------+
| | Transport Layer |
+-----------|------------------------------+
^ |
+-------------|-----|-------------------------------------+
| v v |
| +-----------------------------+ +----------+ | IP
| | Shim |<----->| REAP | | Layer
| +-----------------------------+ +----------+ |
| ^ ^ |
+-----------------------|----------------------|----------+
v v
+------------------------------------------+
| Link Layer |
+------------------------------------------+
+-----------------------------+-----+-----+-----------------+-------+
| optname | get | set | description | dtype |
+-----------------------------+-----+-----+-----------------+-------+
| SHIM_ASSOCIATED | o | | Get the | int |
| | | | parameter that | |
| | | | indicates | |
| | | | whether the | |
| | | | socket is | |
| | | | associated (1) | |
| | | | with any shim | |
| | | | context or not | |
| | | | (0). | |
| SHIM_DONTSHIM | o | o | Get or set the | int |
| | | | parameter that | |
| | | | indicates | |
| | | | whether or not | |
| | | | to employ | |
| | | | multihoming | |
| | | | support by the | |
| | | | shim sub-layer. | |
| SHIM_HOT_STANDBY | o | o | Get or set the | int |
| | | | parameter to | |
| | | | request the | |
| | | | shim sub-layer | |
| | | | to prepare a | |
| | | | hot-standby | |
| | | | connection. | |
| SHIM_LOC_LOCAL_PREF | o | o | Set the | Note |
| | | | preference | 1 |
| | | | value for a | |
| | | | source locator | |
| | | | for outbound | |
| | | | traffic. Get | |
| | | | the preferred | |
| | | | locator for the | |
| | | | source locator | |
| | | | for outbound | |
| | | | traffic. | |
| SHIM_LOCLIST_PEER | o | o | Get or set the | Note |
| | | | list of | 2 |
| | | | locators | |
| | | | associated with | |
| | | | the peer's EID. | |
| SHIM_APP_TIMEOUT | o | o | Get or set the | int |
| | | | Send Timeout | |
| | | | value of REAP. | |
| SHIM_PATHEXPLORE | o | o | Get or set | Note |
| | | | parameters for | 3 |
| | | | path | |
| | | | exploration and | |
| | | | failure | |
| | | | detection. | |
| SHIM_CONTEXT_DEFERRED_SETUP | o | | Get the | int |
| | | | parameter that | |
| | | | indicates | |
| | | | whether | |
| | | | deferred | |
| | | | context setup | |
| | | | is supported or | |
| | | | not. | |
+-----------------------------+-----+-----+-----------------+-------+
s1 s2 s3 s4
| | | |
+----------------|--|-------|--|----------------+
| +-------+ +-------+ |
| IPPROTO_TCP | TCP | | UDP | |
| +-------+ +-------+ |
| | \ / | |
| | ----- | |
| | / \ | |
| +------+ +------+ |
| IPPROTO_IP | IPv4 | | IPv6 | IPPROTO_IPV6 |
| +------+ +------+ |
| \ / SOL_SOCKET
| +--------\-------/--------+ |
| SOL_SHIM | shim | |
| +--------/-------\--------+ |
| / \ |
| +------+ +------+ |
| | IPv4 | | IPv6 | |
| +------+ +------+ |
| | | |
+------------------|----------|-----------------+
| |
IPv4 IPv6
Datagram Datagram
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
|App1| |App2| |App1| |App2|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
|^ |^ ^| ^|
v| v| |v |v
-----S1-------------S2----- -----S1-------------S2-----
|| || || ||
|| || || ||
|^ |^ ^| ^|
|| || || ||
|| || || ||
\..............||....................../| ||
\.............||......................./ ||
|| ||
\|...................................../|
\....................................../
Access Node Network Access Server
+--------------------+ +--------------------+
| +----------------+ | | +----------------+ |
| | AN Control | | | | NAS Control | |
| | Application | | | | Application | |
| +----------------+ | | +----------------+ |
| +----------------+ | | +----------------+ |
| | ANCP Agent | | ANCP Messages | | ANCP Agent | |
| | (AN side) |<----------------------->| (NAS side) | |
| +----------------+ | | +----------------+ |
+--------------------+ +--------------------+
Access Customer
<--- Aggregation --> <------- Premises ------->
Network Network
+------------------+ +--------------------------+
+---------+ +---+ | +-----+ +------+ | |+-----+ +---+ +---------+ |
NSP| | +-|NAS|-| |ATM |-|Access| --||DSL |-|HGW|-|Subscriber||
---+ Regional| | +---+ | +-----+ | Node | | ||Modem| +---+ |Devices ||
|Broadband| | +---+ | +------+ | |+-----+ +----------+|
ASP|Network |-+-|NAS| +--------------|---+ +--------------------------+
---+ | | +---+ | +--------------------------+
| | | +---+ | |+-----+ +---+ +----------+|
+---------+ +-|NAS| +-----|| DSL |-|HGW|-|Subscriber||
+---+ ||Modem| +---+ |Devices ||
|+-----+ +----------+|
+--------------------------+
HGW: Home Gateway
NAS: Network Access Server
+===================================================================+
| Condition | Action | New State |
+=================+=====================================+===========+
| SYN || SYNACK | Send ACK (Note 2) | ESTAB |
+-----------------+-------------------------------------+-----------+
| ACK && B && C | Send ACK (Note 3) | ESTAB |
+-----------------+-------------------------------------+-----------+
| ACK && !(B && C)| Send RSTACK | ESTAB |
+===================================================================+
-----------> -------------------------->
DSL Port Up (Event message)
Signal (default line parameters)
-----------> -------------------------->
DSL Port Up (Event message)
Resynch (updated line parameters)
-----------> -------------------------->
Loss of Port Down (Event message)
DSL Signal (selected line parameters)
-----------> --------------->
DSL Port Up message)
Signal (line parameters)
--------------------------------> -------------->
PPP/DHCP Session Authentication &
authorization
----------------------------------------------------> Web portal,
Service on demand OSS, etc.
|
<----------- RADIUS/AAA
Change of Policy Server
authorization
+-------------+ +-----+ +-------+ +----------------+
|Radius/AAA |----|NAS |------| DSLAM |----------| CPE |
|Policy Server| +-----+ +-------+ | (DSL Modem + |
+-------------+ |Routing Gateway)|
+----------------+
Port Management Message
(Remote Loopback ATM loopback
Trigger Request) or EFM Loopback
1. ----------------> 2. -------->
<-------+
3. <---------------
Port Management Message
(Remote Loopback Test Response)
+------------------+---------------------+-----------------------+
| Property | XML element | XML Definition |
+------------------+---------------------+-----------------------+
| CALSCALE | IC:calscale | Appendix A # 3.7.1 |
| METHOD | IC:method | Appendix A # 3.7.2 |
| PRODID | IC:prodid | Appendix A # 3.7.3 |
| VERSION | IC:version | Appendix A # 3.7.4 |
| ATTACH | IC:attach | Appendix A # 3.8.1.1 |
| CATEGORIES | IC:categories | Appendix A # 3.8.1.2 |
| CLASS | IC:class | Appendix A # 3.8.1.3 |
| COMMENT | IC:comment | Appendix A # 3.8.1.4 |
| DESCRIPTION | IC:description | Appendix A # 3.8.1.5 |
| GEO | IC:geo | Appendix A # 3.8.1.6 |
| LOCATION | IC:location | Appendix A # 3.8.1.7 |
| PERCENT-COMPLETE | IC:percent-complete | Appendix A # 3.8.1.8 |
| PRIORITY | IC:priority | Appendix A # 3.8.1.9 |
| RESOURCES | IC:resources | Appendix A # 3.8.1.10 |
| STATUS | IC:status | Appendix A # 3.8.1.11 |
| SUMMARY | IC:summary | Appendix A # 3.8.1.12 |
| COMPLETED | IC:completed | Appendix A # 3.8.2.1 |
| DTEND | IC:dtend | Appendix A # 3.8.2.2 |
| DUE | IC:due | Appendix A # 3.8.2.3 |
| DTSTART | IC:dtstart | Appendix A # 3.8.2.4 |
| DURATION | IC:duration | Appendix A # 3.8.2.5 |
| FREEBUSY | IC:freebusy | Appendix A # 3.8.2.6 |
| TRANSP | IC:transp | Appendix A # 3.8.2.7 |
| TZID | IC:tzid | Appendix A # 3.8.3.1 |
| TZNAME | IC:tzname | Appendix A # 3.8.3.2 |
| TZOFFSETFROM | IC:tzoffsetfrom | Appendix A # 3.8.3.3 |
| TZOFFSETTO | IC:tzoffsetto | Appendix A # 3.8.3.4 |
| TZURL | IC:tzurl | Appendix A # 3.8.3.5 |
| ATTENDEE | IC:attendee | Appendix A # 3.8.4.1 |
| CONTACT | IC:contact | Appendix A # 3.8.4.2 |
| ORGANIZER | IC:organizer | Appendix A # 3.8.4.3 |
| RECURRENCE-ID | IC:recurrence-id | Appendix A # 3.8.4.4 |
| RELATED-TO | IC:related-to | Appendix A # 3.8.4.5 |
| URL | IC:url | Appendix A # 3.8.4.6 |
| UID | IC:uid | Appendix A # 3.8.4.7 |
| EXDATE | IC:exdate | Appendix A # 3.8.5.1 |
| RDATE | IC:rdate | Appendix A # 3.8.5.2 |
| RRULE | IC:rrule | Appendix A # 3.8.5.3 |
| ACTION | IC:action | Appendix A # 3.8.6.1 |
| REPEAT | IC:repeat | Appendix A # 3.8.6.2 |
| TRIGGER | IC:trigger | Appendix A # 3.8.6.3 |
| CREATED | IC:created | Appendix A # 3.8.7.1 |
| DTSTAMP | IC:dtstamp | Appendix A # 3.8.7.2 |
| LAST-MODIFIED | IC:last-modified | Appendix A # 3.8.7.3 |
| SEQUENCE | IC:sequence | Appendix A # 3.8.7.4 |
| REQUEST-STATUS | IC:request-status | Appendix A # 3.8.8.3 |
+------------------+---------------------+-----------------------+
+--------+--------+--------+
|10000000|00000011| RTT |
+--------+--------+--------+
Type=128 Length=3 Estimate
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|10000000|00000100| RTT |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
Type=128 Length=4 Estimate
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|10000000|00000101| RTT |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
Type=128 Length=5 Estimate
[ Packet 1 ]
v6src = Addr(Prf1, IP2) [ Packet 2 ]
v6dst = Addr(Prf2, IP1) v6src = Addr(Prf1, IP2)
v4src = IP2; v4dst = IP1 +----------+ v6dst = Addr(Prf2, IP1)
//===========>| Router |-----------------\
|| | R1 | |
|| +----------+ v
.-. .-.
,-( _)-. ,-( _)-.
.-(_ IPv4 )-. .-(_ IPv6 )-.
(__ Network ) (__ Network )
`-(______)-' `-(______)-'
^^ |
|| +----------+ |
\\============| Router |<----------------/
[ Packet 1 ] | R2 | [ Packets 0 and 2 ]
v6src = Addr(Prf1, IP2) +----------+ v6src = Addr(Prf1, IP2)
v6dst = Addr(Prf2, IP1) v6dst = Addr(Prf2, IP1)
v4src = IP2; v4dst = IP1
.-(::::::::) 2001:db8:3::1
.-(::: IPv6 :::)-. +-------------+
(:::: Internet ::::) | IPv6 Host H |
`-(::::::::::::)-' +-------------+
`-(::::::)-'
,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,
,----|companion gateway|--.
/ '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' :
/ |.
,-' `.
; +------------+ +------------+ )
: | Router A | | Router B | / fe80::*192.0.2.5
: | (ISATAP) | | (ISATAP) | ; 2001:db8:2::1
+ +------------+ +------------+ \ +--------------+
; fe80::*192.0.2.1 fe80::*192.0.2.2 : | (ISATAP) |
| ; | Host G |
: IPv4 Site -+-' +--------------+
`-. (PRL: 192.0.2.1, 192.0.2.2) .)
\ _)
`-----+--------)----+'----'
fe80::*192.0.2.3 fe80::*192.0.2.4 .-.
+--------------+ +--------------+ ,-( _)-.
| (ISATAP) | | (ISATAP) | .-(_ IPv6 )-.
| Router C | | Router E |--(__Edge Network )
+--------------+ +--------------+ `-(______)-'
2001:db8:0::/48 2001:db8:1::/48 |
| 2001:db8:1::1
.-. +-------------+
,-( _)-. 2001:db8:0::1 | IPv6 Host F |
.-(_ IPv6 )-. +-------------+ +-------------+
(__Edge Network )--| IPv6 Host D |
`-(______)-' +-------------+
------------
/ \
+-----+ / Ethernet \ +-----+
| RB1 |----< >---| RB2 |
+-----+ \ Cloud / +-----+
\ /
------------
+-----------------------------------------
| RBridge
|
| Forwarding Engine, IS-IS, etc.
| Processing of native and TRILL frames
|
+----+---+--------++----------------------
| | || other ports...
+-------------+ | ||
| | ||
+------------+-------------+ | ||
| RBridge | | +----++-------+ <- EISS
| | | | |
| High-Level Control Frame | | | 802.1Q-2005 |
| Processing (BPDU, VRP) | | | Port VLAN |
| | | | & Priority |
+-----------++-------------+ | | Processing |
|| | | |
+---------++-----------------+---+-------------+ <-- ISS
| |
| 802.1/802.3 Low-Level Control Frame |
| Processing, Port/Link Control Logic |
| |
+-----------++---------------------------------+
||
|| +------------+
|| | 802.3 PHY |
|+--------+ (Physical +--------- 802.3
+---------+ Interface) +--------- Link
| |
+------------+
+------+------+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| CHbH | CItE | Reserved |
+------+------+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| Priority | C | VLAN ID |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+----------------------------------------------
| RBridge
|
| Interport Forwarding, IS-IS. Management, ...
|
+----++----------------------+-------------++--
|| | ||
TRILL || Data | ||
|| +--+---------+ ||
+-------------++-----+ | TRILL | ||
| Encapsulation | +------+ IS-IS Hello| ||
| Decapsulation | | | Processing | ||
| Processing | | +-----++-----+ ||
+--------------------+ | || ||
| RBridge Appointed +------+ || ||
+---+ Forwarder and | || ||
| | Inhibition Logic +==============\\ || //====++
| +---------+--------+-+ Native \\ ++ //
| | | Frames \++/
| | | ||
+----+-----+ +- - + - - + | ||
| RBridge | | RBridge | | || All TRILL and
| BPDU | | VRP | | || Native Frames
|Processing| |Processing| | ||
+-----++---+ + - - -+- -+ | +--------++--+ <- EISS
|| | | | 802.1Q |
|| | | | Port VLAN |
|| | | |and Priority|
|| | | | Processing |
+---++------------++------+------------+------------+ <-- ISS
| 802.1/802.3 Low-Level Control Frame |
| Processing, Port/Link Control Logic |
+------------++-------------------------------------+
||
|| +------------+
|| | 802.3 PHY |
++========+ (Physical +======== 802.3
| Interface) | Link
+------------+
+-----+ +----+ +----+ +-----+
| | Fast | | Slow | | Fast | |
| RB1 +--------+ B1 +--------+ B2 +--------+ RB2 |
| | Link | | Link | | Link | |
+-----+ +----+ +----+ +-----+
0 1 2 3 4 - 15 16 - 19 20 - 31
+----+----+----+----+------------+----------+------------+
| M4 | M6 | R | R | VLAN.start | RESV | VLAN.end |
+----+----+----+----+------------+----------+------------+
| Event | Down | Detect | 2-Way | Report |
+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| A1 | 2-Way | 2-Way | 2-Way | Report |
| A2 | Detect | Detect | 2-Way | Report |
| A3 | Detect | Detect | Detect | Detect |
| A4 | N/A | Down | Down | Down |
| A5 | N/A | Detect | Detect | Detect |
| A6 | N/A | N/A | Report | Report |
| A7 | N/A | N/A | 2-Way | 2-Way |
| A8 | Down | Down | Down | Down |
+---------------+
| Down |<--------+
+---------------+ |
| | ^ | |
A2,A3| |A8| |A1 |
| +--+ | |
| +-----------|---+
V | |
+----------------+ A4,A8 | |
+----->| Detect |------->| |
| +----------------+ | |
| | | ^ | |
| A1| |A2,A3,A5 | | |
| | +---------+ | |
| | | |
| | +------------|---+
| | | |
| V V |
|A3,A5 +----------------+ A4,A8 |
|<-----| 2-Way |------->|
| +----------------+ |
| | ^ | ^ |
| A6| | |A1,A2,A7| |
| | | +--------+ |
| | | |
| | |A7 |
| V | |
|A3,A5 +-------------+ A4,A8 |
|<-----| Report |---------->|
+-------------+
| ^
|A1,A2,A6 |
+---------+
| Event | Down | Suspend | DRB | Not DRB |
+-------+--------+---------+---------+---------+
| D1 | DRB | DRB | N/A | N/A |
| D2 | N/A | N/A | Not DRB | Not DRB |
| D3 | N/A | N/A | DRB | DRB |
| D4 | N/A | Suspend | Suspend | Suspend |
| D5 | Down | Down | Down | Down |
+-------------+
| Down |<--------------+
+-+---+-------+ ^ |
| | ^ | |
D1| |D5 | | |
| +---+ |D5 |
| | |
| +--------+----+ |
| | Suspended |<---|---+
| +-+-----+-----+ | |
| D1| ^ | ^ | |
| | | |D4 | | |
| | | +---+ | |
| | | | |
| | |D4 | |
V V | | |
+---------------+-+ D5 | |
| DRB |---------->| |
+--------+--+-----+ | |
^ | | ^ | |
| D2| |D3| | |
| | +--+ | |
| | D4 | |
|D3 | +-----------------|---+
| V | |
+----+-------+-+ D5 |
| Not DRB |-------------->|
+----+---------+
| ^
|D2 |
+----+
+-------+-------------------+------+-----------------+
| IN/IF | DESTINATION ADDR | BVID | OUT/IF(s) |
+-------+-------------------+------+-----------------+
U| if/** | 4455-6677-0002 | 0100 | {if/2 }
U| if/** | 4455-6677-0003 | 0100 | {if/2 }
U| if/** | 4455-6677-0004 | 0100 | {if/1 }
U| if/** | 4455-6677-0005 | 0100 | {if/2 }
U| if/** | 4455-6677-0006 | 0100 | {if/3 }
U| if/** | 4455-6677-0007 | 0100 | {if/2 }
M| if/00 | 7300-0100-0001 | 0100 | {if/2 }
+-------+-------------------+------+-----------------+
| IN/IF | DESTINATION ADDR | BVID | OUT/IF(s) |
+-------+-------------------+------+-----------------+
U| if/** | 4455-6677-0001 | 0100 | {if/1 }
U| if/** | 4455-6677-0003 | 0100 | {if/2 }
U| if/** | 4455-6677-0004 | 0100 | {if/4 }
U| if/** | 4455-6677-0005 | 0100 | {if/3 }
U| if/** | 4455-6677-0006 | 0100 | {if/6 }
U| if/** | 4455-6677-0007 | 0100 | {if/5 }
M| if/01 | 7300-0100-0001 | 0100 | {if/2,if/3,if/5 }
M| if/02 | 7300-0300-0001 | 0100 | {if/1 }
M| if/03 | 7300-0500-0001 | 0100 | {if/1,if/5 }
M| if/05 | 7300-0700-0001 | 0100 | {if/1,if/3 }
+-------+-------------------+------+-----------------+
| IN/IF | DESTINATION ADDR | VID | OUT/IF(s) |
+-------+-------------------+------+-----------------+
U| if/01 | ************** | 0101 | {if/2,if/3,if/5 }
U| if/02 | ************** | 0103 | {if/1,if/4,if/6 }
U| if/04 | ************** | 0104 | {if/2,if/5 }
U| if/03 | ************** | 0105 | {if/1,if/5,if/6 }
U| if/06 | ************** | 0106 | {if/2,if/3 }
U| if/05 | ************** | 0107 | {if/1,if/3,if/4 }
+-------+-------------------+------+-----------------+
| IN/IF | DESTINATION ADDR | VID | OUT/IF(s) |
+-------+-------------------+------+-----------------+
M| if/01 | 0300-0000-000f | 0101 | {if/2,if/3,if/5 }
M| if/02 | 0300-0000-000f | 0103 | {if/1 }
M| if/03 | 0300-0000-000f | 0105 | {if/1,if/5 }
M| if/05 | 0300-0000-000f | 0107 | {if/1,if/3 }
+-----+----+-----------------+--------+------+-------------+
| PDU |TLV | SUB-TLV | TYPE | TYPE | #OCCURRENCE |
+-----+----+-----------------+--------+------+-------------+
IIH
MT-Port-Cap 143
* SPB-MCID 4 1
* SPB-Digest 5 >=0
* SPB-B-VID 6 1
-----------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| +-----------+ +--------------+ +-------------+ |
C' | | | C' | Intermediate | C | | |
----+--->| Padding |--->| Symbol |--->| Encoding |--+-->
K | | | K' | Generation | L | | |
| +-----------+ +--------------+ +-------------+ |
| | (d,a,b, ^ |
| | d1,a1,b1)| |
| | +------------+ |
| | K' | Tuple | |
| +----------------------------->| | |
| | Generation | |
| +------------+ |
| ^ |
+-------------------------------------------------+--------+
|
ISI X
B S U H
+-----------------------+-------+------------------+
| | | |
S | G_LDPC,1 | I_S | G_LDPC,2 |
| | | |
+-----------------------+-------+----------+-------+
| | |
H | G_HDPC | I_H |
| | |
+------------------------------------------+-------+
| |
| |
K' | G_ENC |
| |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------+
+-----------+-----------------+---------+
| | | |
| I | All Zeros | |
| | | |
+-----------+-----------------+ U |
| | | |
| | | |
| All Zeros | V | |
| | | |
| | | |
+-----------+-----------------+---------+
+-----------+
| Host |
+-----+-----+
|10.0.0.1
|
|
|10.0.0.2
+---------|---------+
| | |
| Home router |
|+--------+--------+|
|| B4 ||
|+--------+--------+|
+--------|||--------+
|||2001:db8:0:1::1
|||
|||<-IPv4-in-IPv6 softwire
|||
-------|||-------
/ ||| \
| ISP core network |
\ ||| /
-------|||-------
|||
|||2001:db8:0:2::1
+--------|||--------+
| AFTR |
|+--------+--------+|
|| Concentrator ||
|+--------+--------+|
| |NAT| |
| +-+-+ |
+---------|---------+
|192.0.2.1
|
--------|--------
/ | \
| Internet |
\ | /
--------|--------
|
|198.51.100.1
+-----+-----+
| IPv4 Host |
+-----------+
+-----------+
| Host |
+-----+-----+
| |10.0.0.1
IPv4 datagram 1 | |
| |
v |10.0.0.2
+---------|---------+
| | |
| home router |
|+--------+--------+|
|| B4 ||
|+--------+--------+|
+--------|||--------+
| |||2001:db8:0:1::1
IPv6 datagram 2| |||
| |||<-IPv4-in-IPv6 softwire
-----|-|||-------
/ | ||| \
| ISP core network |
\ | ||| /
-----|-|||-------
| |||
| |||2001:db8:0:2::1
+------|-|||--------+
| | AFTR |
| v ||| |
|+--------+--------+|
|| Concentrator ||
|+--------+--------+|
| |NAT| |
| +-+-+ |
+---------|---------+
| |192.0.2.1
IPv4 datagram 3 | |
| |
-----|--|--------
/ | | \
| Internet |
\ | | /
-----|--|--------
| |
v |198.51.100.1
+-----+-----+
| IPv4 Host |
+-----------+
+-----------+
| Host |
+-----+-----+
^ |10.0.0.1
IPv4 datagram 3 | |
| |
| |10.0.0.2
+---------|---------+
| +-+-+ |
| home router |
|+--------+--------+|
|| B4 ||
|+--------+--------+|
+--------|||--------+
^ |||2001:db8:0:1::1
IPv6 datagram 2 | |||
| |||<-IPv4-in-IPv6 softwire
| |||
-----|-|||-------
/ | ||| \
| ISP core network |
\ | ||| /
-----|-|||-------
| |||
| |||2001:db8:0:2::1
+------|-|||--------+
| AFTR |
|+--------+--------+|
|| Concentrator ||
|+--------+--------+|
| |NAT| |
| +-+-+ |
+---------|---------+
^ |192.0.2.1
IPv4 datagram 1 | |
| |
-----|--|--------
/ | | \
| Internet |
\ | | /
-----|--|--------
| |
| |198.51.100.1
+-----+-----+
| IPv4 Host |
+-----------+
+-------------------+
| |
| Host 192.0.0.2 |
|+--------+--------+|
|| B4 ||
|+--------+--------+|
+--------|||--------+
|||2001:db8:0:1::1
|||
|||<-IPv4-in-IPv6 softwire
|||
-------|||-------
/ ||| \
| ISP core network |
\ ||| /
-------|||-------
|||
|||2001:db8:0:2::1
+--------|||--------+
| AFTR |
|+--------+--------+|
|| Concentrator ||
|+--------+--------+|
| |NAT| |
| +-+-+ |
+---------|---------+
|192.0.2.1
|
--------|--------
/ | \
| Internet |
\ | /
--------|--------
|
|198.51.100.1
+-----+-----+
| IPv4 Host |
+-----------+
+-------------------+
| |
|Host 192.0.0.2 |
|+--------+--------+|
|| B4 ||
|+--------+--------+|
+--------|||--------+
| |||2001:db8:0:1::1
IPv6 datagram 1| |||
| |||<-IPv4-in-IPv6 softwire
| |||
-----|-|||-------
/ | ||| \
| ISP core network |
\ | ||| /
-----|-|||-------
| |||
| |||2001:db8:0:2::1
+------|-|||--------+
| | AFTR |
| v ||| |
|+--------+--------+|
|| Concentrator ||
|+--------+--------+|
| |NAT| |
| +-+-+ |
+---------|---------+
| |192.0.2.1
IPv4 datagram 2 | |
-----|--|--------
/ | | \
| Internet |
\ | | /
-----|--|--------
| |
v |198.51.100.1
+-----+-----+
| IPv4 Host |
+-----------+
+-------------------+
| |
|Host 192.0.0.2 |
|+--------+--------+|
|| B4 ||
|+--------+--------+|
+--------|||--------+
^ |||2001:db8:0:1::1
IPv6 datagram 2 | |||
| |||<-IPv4-in-IPv6 softwire
| |||
-----|-|||-------
/ | ||| \
| ISP core network |
\ | ||| /
-----|-|||-------
| |||
| |||2001:db8:0:2::1
+------|-|||--------+
| AFTR |
| | ||| |
|+--------+--------+|
|| Concentrator ||
|+--------+--------+|
| |NAT| |
| +-+-+ |
+---------|---------+
^ |192.0.2.1
IPv4 datagram 1 | |
-----|--|--------
/ | | \
| Internet |
\ | | /
-----|--|--------
| |
| |198.51.100.1
+-----+-----+
| IPv4 Host |
+-----------+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| OPTION_AFTR_NAME: 64 | option-len |
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| |
| tunnel-endpoint-name (FQDN) |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
+--------------------+-----------------------------+
| Service Name | exp1 |
| Transport Protocol | DCCP, SCTP, TCP, UDP |
| Assignee | IESG <iesg@ietf.org> |
| Contact | IETF Chair <chair@ietf.org> |
| Description | RFC3692-style Experiment 1 |
| Reference | [RFC4727] [RFC6335] |
| Port Number | 1021 |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+
+--------------------+-----------------------------+
| Service Name | exp2 |
| Transport Protocol | DCCP, SCTP, TCP, UDP |
| Assignee | IESG <iesg@ietf.org> |
| Contact | IETF Chair <chair@ietf.org> |
| Description | RFC3692-style Experiment 2 |
| Reference | [RFC4727] [RFC6335] |
| Port Number | 1022 |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+
UAC UAS
| F1 INVITE (SDP) | <- The offer in the offer/answer model.
|-------------------->|
| F2 1xx (SDP) | <- The offer/answer exchange is not
|<--------------------| closed yet, but UAC acts as if it
| | ^ receives the answer.
| F3 1xx-rel (no SDP) | |<- a 1xx-rel may be sent without answer
|<--------------------| | SDP.
| F4 PRACK (no SDP) | |
|-------------------->| | The UAC must not send a new offer.
| F5 2xx PRA (no SDP) | |
|<--------------------| v
| |
| F6 1xx-rel (SDP) | <- The answer in the offer/ answer model.
|<--------------------| -
| F7 PRACK | | The UAC can send a new offer in a PRACK
|-------------------->| | request to acknowledge F6.
| F8 2xx PRA | | After F7, the UAC and UAS can send a new
|<--------------------| v offer in an UPDATE request.
| |
| F9 1xx-rel | <- SDP should not be included in the
|<--------------------| subsequent 1xx-rel once offer/answer
| F10 PRACK | has been completed.
|-------------------->|
| F11 2xx PRA |
|<--------------------|
| |
| F12 2xx INV | <- SDP should not be included in the
|<--------------------| final response once offer/answer has
| F13 ACK | been completed.
|-------------------->|
UAC UAS
| F1 INVITE (no SDP) |
|-------------------->|
| F2 1xx |
|<--------------------|
| |
| F3 1xx-rel (SDP) | <- The first 1xx-rel must contain SDP
|<--------------------| as the offer.
| F4 PRACK (SDP) | <- A PRACK request to the first 1xx-rel
|-------------------->| must contain SDP as the answer.
| F5 2xx PRA (no SDP) | -
|<--------------------| |
| | |
| F6 1xx-rel (no SDP) | <- The subsequent 1xx-rel should not
|<--------------------| | contain SDP.
| F7 PRACK | |
|-------------------->| | The UAC can send a new offer in an UPDATE
| F8 2xx PRA | | request after F4.
|<--------------------| v
| |
| F9 2xx INV (no SDP) | <- The final response should not
|<--------------------| contain SDP.
| F10 ACK |
|-------------------->|
A B
|SDP-1 (offer1)|
M1 |----------------->|
|SDP-2 (answer1)|
M2 |<------\ /-------|
| \/ |
|SDP-3 /\(offer2)|
M3 |<------/ \-------|
A B
| |
|UPDATE(offer1) |
M1 |==============================>|
|re-INVITE(no offer) |
Mx |------------------------------>| --+
| 2xx-UPD(answer1)| |
M2 |<===========\ /===============| | first reliable
| \/ 1xx-rel/2xx-INV| | response
| /\ (offer2)| |
M3 |<===========/ \===============| <-+
|PRACK/ACK(answer2) |
My |------------------------------>|
| |
A B
| |
|re-INVITE(no offer) |
Mx |------------------------------>| --+
|UPDATE(offer1) | |
M1 |==============================>| |
| 2xx-UPD(answer1)| |
M2 |<===========\ /===============| | first reliable
| \/ 1xx-rel/2xx-INV| | response
| /\ (offer2)| |
M3 |<===========/ \===============| <-+
|PRACK/ACK(answer2) |
My |------------------------------>|
| |
A B
| |
| re-INVITE (no offer)|
1st reliable+-- |<------------------------------|
response | M1|1xx-rel(offer1) |
+-> |==============================>| --+
| PRACK(answer1)| M3| Acknowledge
|<===========\ /===============| <-+
| \/ |
| /\ UPDATE(offer2)|
|<===========/ \===============| M2
|500-UPD |
|------------------------------>|
|2xx-PRA |
|------------------------------>|
| |
A B
| |
|re-INVITE(offer1) |
M1 |==============================>|
| 1xx-rel(answer1)|
|<===========\ /===============| M3
| \/ |
| /\ UPDATE(offer2)|
+-- |<===========/ \===============| M2
| |491-UPD |
Acknowledge | |------------------------------>|
| |PRACK |
+-> |------------------------------>|
| |
A B
| |
|re-INVITE(offer1) |
|==============================>|
| 2xx-INV(answer1)|
|<===========\ /===============|
| \/ |
| /\ UPDATE(offer2)|
+-- |<===========/ \===============|
| |491-UPD |
Acknowledge | |------------------------------>|
| |ACK |
+-> |------------------------------>|
| |
A B
| |
| re-INVITE(offer0)|
|<------------------------------|
|1xx-rel(answer0) |
|------------------------------>| --+
|UPDATE(offer1) | |
M1 |==============================>| |
| 2xx-UPD(answer1)| | Acknowledge
|<===========\ /===============| M3|
| \/ | |
| /\ PRACK(offer2)| M2|
|<===========/ \===============| <-+
| |
A B
| |
| re-INVITE(offer0)|
|<------------------------------|
|1xx-rel(answer0) |
|------------------------------>| --+
|UPDATE(offer1) PRACK(offer2)| M2| Acknowledge
M1 |============\ /===============| <-+
| \/ |
| /\ |
|<===========/ \==============>|
| 491-UPD|
|<------------------------------|
| |
A B
| |
|re-INVITE(no offer) |
|------------------------------>| --+
| 1xx-rel/2xx-INV| | 1st reliable
|UPDATE(offer1) (offer2)| M2| response
M1 |============\ /===============| <-+
| \/ |
| /\ |
|<===========/ \==============>|
| 500-UPD|
|<------------------------------|
| |
A B
| |
|UPDATE(offer1) |
|==========\ |
|re-INVITE \ (no offer) |
|------------\----------------->| --+
| \ 1xx-rel/2xx-INV| | 1st reliable
| \ (offer2)| | response
|<==============\===============| <-+
| \ |
| \============>|
| 500-UPD|
|<------------------------------|
| |
| offer1 | offer2 |Action |Action |Figure|
| M1 | M2 | of A | of B | |
+-----------+-----------+-------+-------+------+
| | re-INVITE |UAS-IcI|UAS-IcI| |
| re-INVITE +-----------+-------+-------+ |
| | UPDATE |UAS-IcU|UAS-UcI| |
+-----------+-----------+-------+-------+ |
| | UPDATE |UAS-UcU|UAS-UcU| |
| +-----------+-------+-------+------+
| | 1xx-rel | | | |
| UPDATE +-----------+UAC-IU,|UAS-IsU|12,13 |
| | 2xx-INV |UAC-UI | | |
| +-----------+-------+-------+------+
| | PRACK (*) |UAC-IU |UAS-IcU| 11 |
+-----------+-----------+-------+-------+------+
(*) invalid sequences if INVITE request is an initial one
A B
| |
| UPDATE|
|<------------------------------|
|UPDATE |
|==============================>|
| 491|
|<==============================|
| |
A B
| |
|UPDATE CSeq:m |
|------------------------------>|
|UPDATE CSeq:n(>m) |
|==============================>|
| 500 (UPDATE CSeq:n)|
|<==============================|
| |
A B
| |
| UPDATE(offer1)|
|<------------------------------|
|reINVITE(no offer) |
|==============================>|
| 491 (INVITE)|
|<==============================|
| |
A B
| |
|UPDATE(offer1) |
|------------------------------>|
|reINVITE(no offer) |
|==============================>|
| 500 (INVITE)|
|<==============================|
| |
A B
| |
| reINVITE(no offer)|
|<------------------------------|
|1xx-rel(offer0) |
|------------------------------>|
|UPDATE(offer1) |
|==============================>|
| 491 (UPDATE)|
|<==============================|
| |
A B
| |
|reINVITE(no offer) |
|------------------------------>|
| 1xx-rel(offer0)|
|<------------------------------|
|UPDATE(offer1) |
|==============================>|
| 500 (UPDATE)|
|<==============================|
| |
+-------------+ +-----------+
| | Communication Session | |
| A |<------------------------------------>| B |
| | | |
+-------------+ +-----------+
..................................................................
. Session .
. Recording .
. Client .
..................................................................
|
| Recording
| Session
|
v
+------------+
| Session |
| Recording |
| Server |
+------------+
+-------+ +-------------+ +-------+ +------------+
| |1 n| |1 n| |1 n| Data Plane |
| VCG |<>----| VCAT Call |<>----| LSP |<>----| Connection |
| | | | | | |(co-routed) |
+-------+ +-------------+ +-------+ +------------+
"internal-side" "external-side"
+-----+
internal | N | external
address <---| A |---> address
realm | T | realm
+-----+
+------------------------------------+
Private | +----------+ tunnel +----------+ | Public
address --|-| gateway |==========| gateway |-|-- address
realm | +----------+ +----------+ | realm
+------------------------------------+
A+P subsystem
private +-----+ +-----+ public
address ---| B |==========| A |--- Internet
realm +-----+ +-----+
private +-----+ +-----+ public
address ---| B |==========| A |--- Internet
realm 1 +-----+ +-----+
|
private +-----+ |
address ---| C |============/
realm 2 +-----+
+---------+ +---------+ +---------+
internal | gateway | | gateway | | gateway | external
realm --| 1 |======| 2 |======| 3 |-- realm
+---------+ +---------+ +---------+
IPv4 Full-A+P AFTR CGN
| | | |
<-- Full IPv4 ---- Port range ---- Port range ---- Provider --->
allocated & dynamic & LSN NAT ONLY
allocation (NAT on CPE (No mechanism)
(no NAT) (NAT on CPE) and on LSN) for customer to
bypass CGN)
+-------------------+
| |----IPv6---\
----IPv4---\| |----IPv4---\\
-----------/| |-----------//
| |-----------/
| SMAP |
| | /--IPv6-----
/---IPv4----| |//---IPv4----
\-----------| |\\-----------
| | \-----------
+-------------------+
+------+ +------+
| |----IPv6---\ | |
----IPv4---\| |----IPv4---\\| |----IPv4---\
-----------/| |-----------//| |-----------/
| |-----------/ | |
| SMAP | | SMAP |
| | /----IPv6---| |
/---IPv4----| |//---IPv4----| |/---IPv4----
\-----------| |\\-----------| |\-----------
| | \-----------| |
+------+ +------+
node A node B
+------+ +------+ +--------+ +------+ +------+
| |--IPv6--\ | | | | | |---IPv6--\ | |
| |--IPv4--\\| |---|-IPv4---|--\| |---IPv4--\\| |
| |--------//| |---|--------|--/| |---------//| |
| |--------/ | | |Internet| | |---------/ | |
| SMAP | | SMAP | | IPv4 | | SMAP | | SMAP |
| | /--IPv6--| | | | | | /---IPv6--| |
| |//--IPv4--| |/--|-IPv4---|---| |//--IPv4---| |
| |\\--------| |\--|--------|---| |\\---------| |
| | \--------| | | | | | \---------| |
+------+ +------+ +--------+ +------+ +------+
Source node A node B Destination
+------+ +------------+ +------+
| | | | | |
| |----IPv6-----|----IPv6----|----IPv6----\ | |
| |----IPv4-----|------------|----IPv4----\\| |
| |-------------|------------|------------//| |
| |-------------|------------|------------/ | |
| SMAP | | Internet v6| | SMAP |
| | /-----IPv6--|------------|-----IPv6-----| |
| |//---IPv4----|------------|-------IPv4---| |
| |\\-----------|------------|--------------| |
| | \-----------|------------|--------------| |
| | | | | |
+------+ +------------+ +------+
Source Destination
+---------------------------+
private | +------+ A+P-in +-----+ | dual-stacked
(RFC 1918) --|-| CPE |==-IPv6-==| PRR |-|-- network
space | +------+ tunnel +-----+ | (public addresses)
| ^ +-----+ |
| | IPv6-only | LSN | |
| | network +-----+ |
+----+----------------- ^ --+
| |
on customer within provider
premises and control network
+------------ IPv6-only transport ------------+
| +---------------+ | | |
| |A+P-application| | +--------+ | +-----+ | dual-stacked
| | on end-host |=|==| CPE w/ |==|==| PRR |-|-- network
| +---------------+ | +--------+ | +-----+ | (public addresses)
+---------------+ | +--------+ | +-----+ |
private IPv4 <-*--+->| NAT | | | LSN | |
address space \ | +--------+ | +-----+ |
for legacy +|--------------|----------+
hosts | |
| |
end-host with | CPE device | provider
upgraded | on customer | network
application | premises |
+-----------+
| Host |
+-----+-----+
| | 198.51.100.2
IPv4 datagram 1 | |
| |
v | 198.51.100.1
+---------|---------+
|CPE | |
+--------|||--------+
| ||| 2001:db8::2
| ||| 192.0.2.3 (100-200)
IPv6 datagram 2| |||
| |||<-IPv4-in-IPv6
| |||
-----|-|||-------
/ | ||| \
| ISP access network |
\ | ||| /
-----|-|||-------
| |||
v ||| 2001:db8::1
+--------|||--------+
|PRR ||| |
+---------|---------+
| | 192.0.2.1
IPv4 datagram 3 | |
-----|--|--------
/ | | \
| ISP network / |
\ Internet /
-----|--|--------
| |
v | 203.0.113.1
+-----+-----+
| IPv4 Host |
+-----------+
+-----------+
| Host |
+-----+-----+
^ | 198.51.100.2
IPv4 datagram 3 | |
| |
| | 198.51.100.1
+---------|---------+
|CPE | |
+--------|||--------+
^ ||| 2001:db8::2
| ||| 192.0.2.3 (100-200)
IPv6 datagram 2| |||
| |||<-IPv4-in-IPv6
| |||
-----|-|||-------
/ | ||| \
| ISP access network |
\ | ||| /
-----|-|||-------
| |||
| ||| 2001:db8::1
+--------|||--------+
|PRR ||| |
+---------|---------+
^ | 192.0.2.1
IPv4 datagram 1 | |
-----|--|--------
/ | | \
| ISP network / |
\ Internet /
-----|--|--------
| |
| | 203.0.113.1
+-----+-----+
| IPv4 Host |
+-----------+
<------ ServerHello (seq=1)
<------ Certificate (seq=2)
<------ ServerHelloDone (seq=3)
ServerHello \
Certificate* \
ServerKeyExchange* Flight 4
CertificateRequest* /
<-------- ServerHelloDone /
Certificate* \
ClientKeyExchange \
CertificateVerify* Flight 5
[ChangeCipherSpec] /
Finished --------> /
PE1
*| *** P2MP LDP LSP
*|*****
P1-----PE2
*/ \*
*/ \*
*****/ \******
PE3----P2 P3----PE4
| |
| |
| |
PE5 PE6
PE1
*| *** P2MP LDP LSP
*|*****
P1-----PE2
*/ \*
*/ \*
*****/ \******
PE3----P2 P3----PE4
*| |*
*| |*
*| |*
PE5 PE6
+---+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +---+ +---+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +---+
|TCP|-| CPE|-| CE |--| PE |-| P |--| P |-| PE |--| CE |-| CPE|-|TCP|
|TTD| | | | |BB| | | | | | | |BB| | | | |TTD|
+---+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +---+ +---+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +---+
<------------------------ NUT ------------------------->
R >-----------------------------------------------------------|
T |
T <-----------------------------------------------------------|
/\ |
/\ |High ssthresh TCP CWND TCP
/\ |Loss Event * halving 3-Loss Recovery Equilibrium
T | * \ upon loss
h | * \ / \ Time-Out Adjusted
r | * \ / \ +--------+ * ssthresh
T o | * \/ \ / Multiple| *
C u | * 2-Congestion\ / Loss | *
P g | * Avoidance \/ Event | *
h | * Half | *
p | * TCP CWND | * 1-Slow Start
u | * 1-Slow Start Min TCP CWND after T-O
t +-----------------------------------------------------------
Time > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >
45|
| _______**42.8
40| |64KB |
TCP | | |
Through- 35| | |
put | | | +-----+34.1
(Mbps) 30| | | |64KB |
| | | | |
25| | | | |
| | | | |
20| | | | | _______20.5
| | | | | |64KB |
15| | | | | | |
|*12.8+-----| | | | | |
10| |16KB | | | | | |
| | | |8.5 +-----| | | |
5| | | | |16KB | |5.1 +-----| |
|_____|_____|_____|____|_____|_____|____|16KB |_____|____
10 15 25
RTT (milliseconds)
45|
|
40| +-----+40.9
TCP | | |
Through- 35| | |
put | | |
(Mbps) 30| | |
| | |
25| | |
| | |
20| +-----+20.5 | |
| | | | |
15| | | | |
| | | | |
10| +-----+10.2 | | | |
| | | | | | |
5| +-----+5.1 | | | | | |
|_____|_____|______|_____|______|_____|______|_____|_____
16 32 64 128*
TCP RWND Size (KBytes)
+------------------------+-----------+--------------+---------------+
| Property | Parameter | Value | Reference |
+------------------------+-----------+--------------+---------------+
| FN, NICKNAME, PHOTO, | TYPE | work | RFC 6350, |
| ADR, TEL, EMAIL, IMPP, | | | Section 5.6 |
| LANG, TZ, GEO, TITLE, | | | |
| ROLE, LOGO, ORG, | | | |
| RELATED, CATEGORIES, | | | |
| NOTE, SOUND, URL, KEY, | | | |
| FBURL, CALADRURI, and | | | |
| CALURI | | | |
| FN, NICKNAME, PHOTO, | TYPE | home | RFC 6350, |
| ADR, TEL, EMAIL, IMPP, | | | Section 5.6 |
| LANG, TZ, GEO, TITLE, | | | |
| ROLE, LOGO, ORG, | | | |
| RELATED, CATEGORIES, | | | |
| NOTE, SOUND, URL, KEY, | | | |
| FBURL, CALADRURI, and | | | |
| CALURI | | | |
| TEL | TYPE | text | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.4.1 |
| TEL | TYPE | voice | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.4.1 |
| TEL | TYPE | fax | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.4.1 |
| TEL | TYPE | cell | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.4.1 |
| TEL | TYPE | video | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.4.1 |
| TEL | TYPE | pager | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.4.1 |
| TEL | TYPE | textphone | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.4.1 |
| BDAY, ANNIVERSARY | CALSCALE | gregorian | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 5.8 |
| RELATED | TYPE | contact | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.6.6 |
| | | | and [xfn] |
| RELATED | TYPE | acquaintance | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.6.6 |
| | | | and [xfn] |
| RELATED | TYPE | friend | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.6.6 |
| | | | and [xfn] |
| RELATED | TYPE | met | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.6.6 |
| | | | and [xfn] |
| RELATED | TYPE | co-worker | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.6.6 |
| | | | and [xfn] |
| RELATED | TYPE | colleague | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.6.6 |
| | | | and [xfn] |
| RELATED | TYPE | co-resident | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.6.6 |
| | | | and [xfn] |
| RELATED | TYPE | neighbor | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.6.6 |
| | | | and [xfn] |
| RELATED | TYPE | child | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.6.6 |
| | | | and [xfn] |
| RELATED | TYPE | parent | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.6.6 |
| | | | and [xfn] |
| RELATED | TYPE | sibling | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.6.6 |
| | | | and [xfn] |
| RELATED | TYPE | spouse | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.6.6 |
| | | | and [xfn] |
| RELATED | TYPE | kin | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.6.6 |
| | | | and [xfn] |
| RELATED | TYPE | muse | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.6.6 |
| | | | and [xfn] |
| RELATED | TYPE | crush | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.6.6 |
| | | | and [xfn] |
| RELATED | TYPE | date | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.6.6 |
| | | | and [xfn] |
| RELATED | TYPE | sweetheart | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.6.6 |
| | | | and [xfn] |
| RELATED | TYPE | me | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.6.6 |
| | | | and [xfn] |
| RELATED | TYPE | agent | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.6.6 |
| RELATED | TYPE | emergency | RFC 6350, |
| | | | Section 6.6.6 |
+------------------------+-----------+--------------+---------------+
# 4.3.3
value-date-time = element date-time {
xsd:string { pattern = "(\d{8}|--\d{4}|---\d\d)T\d\d(\d\d(\d\d)?)?"
~ "(Z|[+\-]\d\d(\d\d)?)?" }
}
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Network |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
^ | ^ |
|Notifications |Commands |Commands |Notifications
+---|---------------------|-------+ +--|---------------|--------------+
| | V | | | V |
| +------------+ +------------+ | | +-----------+ +----------+ |
| | (D)TLS | | (D)TLS | | | | (D)TLS | | (D)TLS | |
| | (Client) | | (Server) | | | | (Client) | | (Server) | |
| +------------+ +------------+ | | +-----------+ +----------+ |
| ^ ^ | | ^ ^ |
| | | | | | | |
| +-------------+ | | +--------------+ |
| +-----|------------+ | | +-----|------------+ |
| | V | | | | V | |
| | +--------+ | +-----+ | | | +--------+ | +-----+ |
| | | TLS TM |<--------->|Cache| | | | | TLS TM |<--------->|Cache| |
| | +--------+ | +-----+ | | | +--------+ | +-----+ |
| |Transport Subsys. | ^ | | |Transport Subsys. | ^ |
| +------------------+ | | | +------------------+ | |
| ^ | | | ^ | |
| | +--+ | | | +--+ |
| v | | | V | |
| +-----+ +--------+ +-------+ | | | +-----+ +--------+ +-------+ | |
| | | |Message | |Securi.| | | | | | |Message | |Securi.| | |
| |Disp.| |Proc. | |Subsys.| | | | |Disp.| |Proc. | |Subsys.| | |
| | | |Subsys. | | | | | | | | |Subsys. | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | +----+ | | +---+ | | | | | | | +----+ | | +---+ | | |
| | <--->|v3MP|<--> |TSM|<--+ | | | <--->|v3MP|<--->|TSM|<--+ |
| | | | +----+ | | +---+ | | | | | | +----+ | | +---+ | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| +-----+ +--------+ +-------+ | | +-----+ +--------+ +-------+ |
| ^ | | ^ |
| | | | | |
| +-+------------+ | | +-+----------+ |
| | | | | | | |
| v v | | v V |
| +-------------+ +-------------+ | | +-------------+ +-------------+ |
| | COMMAND | | NOTIFICAT. | | | | COMMAND | | NOTIFICAT. | |
| | RESPONDER | | ORIGINATOR | | | | GENERATOR | | RECEIVER | |
| | application | | application | | | | application | | application | |
| +-------------+ +-------------+ | | +-------------+ +-------------+ |
| SNMP entity | | SNMP entity |
+---------------------------------+ +---------------------------------+
+------------------------------+
| Network |
+------------------------------+
^ ^ ^
| | |
v v v
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +--------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Transport Subsystem | +--------+ |
| | +-----+ +-----+ +-------+ +-------+ | | | |
| | | UDP | | SSH | |(D)TLS | . . . | other |<--->| Cache | |
| | | | | TM | | TM | | | | | | |
| | +-----+ +-----+ +-------+ +-------+ | +--------+ |
| +--------------------------------------------------+ ^ |
| ^ | |
| | | |
| Dispatcher v | |
| +--------------+ +---------------------+ +----------------+ | |
| | Transport | | Message Processing | | Security | | |
| | Dispatch | | Subsystem | | Subsystem | | |
| | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | +->| v1MP |<--->| | USM | | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | +->| v2cMP |<--->| | Transport | | | |
| | Message | | | +------------+ | | | Security |<--+ |
| | Dispatch <---->| +------------+ | | | Model | | |
| | | | +->| v3MP |<--->| +------------+ | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | PDU Dispatch | | | +------------+ | | | Other | | |
| +--------------+ | +->| otherMP |<--->| | Model(s) | | |
| ^ | +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| v |
| +-------+-------------------------+---------------+ |
| ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | |
| v v v |
| +-------------+ +---------+ +--------------+ +-------------+ |
| | COMMAND | | ACCESS | | NOTIFICATION | | PROXY | |
| | RESPONDER |<->| CONTROL |<->| ORIGINATOR | | FORWARDER | |
| | application | | | | applications | | application | |
| +-------------+ +---------+ +--------------+ +-------------+ |
| ^ ^ |
| | | |
| v v |
| +----------------------------------------------+ |
| | MIB instrumentation | SNMP entity |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|------------+----------------------------|
| Type | Algorithm |
|------------+----------------------------|
| rfc822Name | snmpTlstmCertSANRFC822Name |
| dNSName | snmpTlstmCertSANDNSName |
| iPAddress | snmpTlstmCertSANIpAddress |
|------------+----------------------------|
+---------+
normal mode sw1 | media | media
Primary stream ======================o___o==>| decoder |===> output
AS stream ---- +---------+ device
| AS mode o
| +---------+ |
| | anti- | |
------->| shadow |----
| buffer |
+---------+
|
V
expired frames
discarded
Sending Receiving
Entity Entity
+----------------+ +----------------+
| Server A | | Server B |
| +----------+ | | +----------+ | -+
| | Control | | F | | Control | | |
| | Function |<-+------+--| Function | | |
| +----------+ | | +----------+ | |
| T | | | ^ | | Overload
| v | | | S | | Control
| +----------+ | | +----------+ | |
| | Actuator | | | | Monitor | | |
| +----------+ | | +----------+ | |
| | | | ^ | -+
| v | | | | -+
| +----------+ | | +----------+ | |
<-+--| SIP | | | | SIP | | | SIP
--+->|Processor |--+------+->|Processor |--+-> | System
| +----------+ | | +----------+ | |
+----------------+ +----------------+ -+
+---------+ +------(+)---------+
+------+ | | | ^ |
| | | +---+ | | +---+
v | v //=>| C | v | //=>| C |
+---+ +---+ // +---+ +---+ +---+ // +---+
| A |===>| B | | A |===>| B |
+---+ +---+ \\ +---+ +---+ +---+ \\ +---+
^ \\=>| D | ^ | \\=>| D |
| +---+ | | +---+
| | | v |
+---------+ +------(+)---------+
SOURCE FLOWS | INSTANCE #1
S6: Source Flow |--------| R5: Repair Flow
|
|--------| INSTANCE #2
| R6: Repair Flow
Common Header
|
+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| | | |
REDIRECT-TLV LFBselect-TLV ASResult-TLV ASTreason-TLV
|
|
OPER-TLV
|
|
PATH-DATA-TLV ---> Optional KEYINFO-TLV
|
+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| | | |
SPARSEDATA-TLV RESULT-TLV FULLDATA-TLV PATH-DATA-TLV
/-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------\
|\ Platform | | | |
| ----------\ | Windows | Linux | Solaris |
| Language \| | | |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| | | | |
| C/C++ | Supported | Supported | Supported |
| | | | |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| | Limited | | |
| Java | Third Party | Supported | Supported |
| | Not from SUN| | |
\-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------/
Source node Up MEP Destination node Up MEP
------------------------ ------------------------
| | | |
|----- -----| |----- -----|
| MEP | | | | | | MEP |
| | ---- | | | | ---- | |
| In |->-| FW |->-| Out |->- ->-| In |->-| FW |->-| Out |
| i/f | ---- | i/f | | i/f | ---- | i/f |
|----- -----| |----- -----|
| | | |
------------------------ ------------------------
(1) (2)
Source node Down MEP Destination node Down MEP
------------------------ ------------------------
| | | |
|----- -----| |----- -----|
| | | MEP | | MEP | | |
| | ---- | | | | ---- | |
| In |->-| FW |->-| Out |->- ->-| In |->-| FW |->-| Out |
| i/f | ---- | i/f | | i/f | ---- | i/f |
|----- -----| |----- -----|
| | | |
------------------------ ------------------------
(3) (4)
Intermediate node
------------------------
| |
|----- -----|
| MIP | | MIP |
| | ---- | |
->-| In |->-| FW |->-| Out |->-
| i/f | ---- | i/f |
|----- -----|
| |
------------------------
==============================
/**********Working path***********\
+--------+ ============================== +--------+
| Node /| |\ Node |
| A {< | | >} B |
| | | |
+--------+ ============================== +--------+
Protection path
==============================
==============================
/**********Working path************\
+--------+ ============================== +--------+
| Node /| |\ Node |
| A {< | | >} Z |
| \| |/ |
+--------+ ============================== +--------+
\**********Protection path*********/
==============================
|< ---- client signal (e.g., IP / MPLS / L2) -------- >|
|< --------- SP1 ---------- >|< ------- SP2 ----- >|
|< ---------- MPLS-TP End-to-End PW --------- >|
|< -------- MPLS-TP End-to-End LSP ------ >|
+---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+
|CE1|-|-|PE1|--|P1 |--|P2 |--|PE2|-|-|PEa|--|Pa |--|PEb|-|-|CE2|
+---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+
UNI NNI UNI
GMPLS
TE-RTG, |<-----|------|------|-------|------|----->|
& RSVP-TE
|< ------- client signal (e.g., IP / MPLS / L2) ----- >|
|< -------- SP1 ----------- >|< ------- SP2 ----- >|
|< ----------- MPLS-TP End-to-End PW -------- >|
|< ------- MPLS-TP End-to-End LSP ------- >|
|< -- H-LSP1 ---- >|<-H-LSP2->|<- H-LSP3 ->|
+---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+
|CE1|-|-|PE1|--|P1 |--|P2 |--|PE2|-|-|PEa|--|Pa |--|PEb|-|-|CE2|
+---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+
UNI NNI UNI
..... .....
End2end |MEP|--------------------------------------|MEP|
PW OAM ''''' '''''
..... ..... ..... .....
End2end |MEP|----------------|MIP|---|MIP|---------|MEP|
LSP OAM ''''' ''''' ''''' '''''
..... ..... ..... ......... ......... ..... .....
Segment |MEP|-|MIP|-|MIP|-|MEP|MEP|-|MEP|MEP|-|MIP|-|MEP|
LSP OAM ''''' ''''' ''''' ''''''''' ''''''''' ''''' '''''
H-LSP GMPLS
TE-RTG |<-----|------|----->||<---->||<-----|----->|
&RSVP-TE (within an MPLS-TP network)
E2E GMPLS
TE-RTG |< ------------------|--------|------------>|
&RSVP-TE
+=======+===========================================================+
| Req # | References |
+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | Generic requirement met by using Standards Track RFCs |
| 2 | [RFC3945], [RFC4202], [RFC3473], [RFC4203], [RFC5307] |
| 3 | [RFC5145] + Formal Definition (See Section 4.4.1) |
| 4 | Generic requirement met by using Standards Track RFCs |
| 5 | [RFC3945], [RFC4202], [RFC3473], [RFC4203], [RFC5307] |
| 6 | [RFC3471], [RFC3473], [RFC4875] |
| 7 | [RFC3471], [RFC3473] + |
| | Associated bidirectional LSPs (See Section 4.4.2) |
| 8 | [RFC4875] |
| 9 | [RFC3473] |
| 10 | Associated bidirectional LSPs (See Section 4.4.2) |
| 11 | Associated bidirectional LSPs (See Section 4.4.2) |
| 12 | [RFC3473] |
| 13 | [RFC5467] (Currently Experimental; See Section 4.4.3) |
| 14 | [RFC3945], [RFC3473], [RFC4202], [RFC4203], [RFC5307] |
| 15 | [RFC3945], [RFC3473], [RFC4202], [RFC4203], [RFC5307] |
| 16 | [RFC3945], [RFC4202], [RFC3473], [RFC4203], [RFC5307] |
| 17 | [RFC3945], [RFC4202] + proper vendor implementation |
| 18 | [RFC3945], [RFC4202] + proper vendor implementation |
| 19 | [RFC3945], [RFC4202] |
| 110 | [RFC3473], [RFC4872], [RFC4873] |
| 111 | [RFC3473], [RFC4783] |
| 112 | [CCAMP-OAM-FWK], [CCAMP-OAM-EXT] |
| 113 | [CCAMP-OAM-FWK], [CCAMP-OAM-EXT] + (See Sec. 4.4.5) |
| 114 | [CCAMP-OAM-FWK], [CCAMP-OAM-EXT] + (See Sec. 4.4.5) |
| 115 | [RFC3473] |
| 116 | [RFC4426], [RFC4872], [RFC4873] |
| 117 | [RFC3473], [RFC4872], [RFC4873] |
| 118 | [RFC3473], [RFC4783] |
| 119 | [RFC3473] |
| 120 | [RFC3473], [RFC4783] |
| 121 | [CCAMP-OAM-FWK], [CCAMP-OAM-EXT] + (See Sec. 4.4.5) |
| 122 | [CCAMP-OAM-FWK], [CCAMP-OAM-EXT] + (See Sec. 4.4.5) |
| 123 | [CCAMP-OAM-FWK], [CCAMP-OAM-EXT], [RFC6107] |
| 124 - | |
| 135 | [CCAMP-OAM-FWK], [CCAMP-OAM-EXT] + (See Sec. 4.4.5) |
| 136a | [RFC3473] |
| 136b | [RFC3473] + (See Sec. 4.4.7) |
| 137a | [RFC3473] |
| 137b | [RFC3473] + (See Sec. 4.4.7) |
| 138 | PW only requirement; see PW Requirements Table (5.2) |
| 139 - | |
| 143 | [CCAMP-OAM-FWK], [CCAMP-OAM-EXT] + (See Sec. 4.4.8) |
+=======+===========================================================+
+=======+===========================================================+
| Req # | References |
+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | Generic requirement met by using Standards Track RFCs |
| 2 | [RFC3985], [RFC4447], Together with TP-LSPs (Sec. 4.3) |
| 3 | [RFC3985], [RFC4447] |
| 4 | Generic requirement met by using Standards Track RFCs |
| 5 | [RFC3985], [RFC4447], Together with TP-LSPs |
| 6 | [RFC3985], [RFC4447], [PW-P2MPR], [PW-P2MPE] + TP-LSPs |
| 7 | [RFC3985], [RFC4447], + TP-LSPs |
| 8 | [PW-P2MPR], [PW-P2MPE] |
| 9 | [RFC3985], end-node only involvement for PW |
| 10 | [RFC3985], proper vendor implementation |
| 11 | [RFC3985], end-node only involvement for PW |
| 12-13 | [RFC3985], [RFC4447], See Section 5.3.4 |
| 14 | [RFC3985], [RFC4447] |
| 15 | [RFC4447], [RFC3478], proper vendor implementation |
| 16 | [RFC3985], [RFC4447] |
| 17-18 | [RFC3985], proper vendor implementation |
| 19-26 | [RFC3985], [RFC4447], [RFC5659], implementation |
| 27 | [RFC4448], [RFC4816], [RFC4618], [RFC4619], [RFC4553] |
| | [RFC4842], [RFC5287] |
| 28 | [RFC3985] |
| 29-31 | [RFC3985], [RFC4447] |
| 32 | [RFC3985], [RFC4447], [RFC5659], See Section 5.3.6 |
| 33 | [RFC4385], [RFC4447], [RFC5586] |
| 34 | [PW-P2MPR], [PW-P2MPE] |
| 35 | [RFC4863] |
| 36-37 | [RFC3985], [RFC4447], See Section 5.3.4 |
| 38 | Provided by TP-LSPs |
| 39 | [RFC3985], [RFC4447], + TP-LSPs |
| 40 | [RFC3478] |
| 41-42 | [RFC3985], [RFC4447] |
| 43-44 | [RFC3985], [RFC4447], + TP-LSPs - See Section 5.3.5 |
| 45 | [RFC3985], [RFC4447], [RFC5659] + TP-LSPs |
| 46 | [RFC3985], [RFC4447], + TP-LSPs - See Section 5.3.3 |
| 47 | [PW-RED], [PW-REDB] |
| 48-49 | [RFC3985], [RFC4447], + TP-LSPs, implementation |
| 50-52 | Provided by TP-LSPs, and Section 5.3.5 |
| 53-55 | [RFC3985], [RFC4447], See Section 5.3.5 |
| 56 | [PW-RED], [PW-REDB] |
| | revertive/non-revertive behavior is a local matter for PW |
| 57-58 | [PW-RED], [PW-REDB] |
| 59-81 | [RFC3985], [RFC4447], [PW-RED], [PW-REDB], Section 5.3.5 |
| 82-83 | [RFC5085], [RFC5586], [RFC5885] |
| 84-89 | [RFC3985], [RFC4447], [PW-RED], [PW-REDB], Section 5.3.5 |
| 90-95 | [RFC3985], [RFC4447], + TP-LSPs, implementation |
| 96 | [RFC4447], [MS-PW-DYNAMIC] |
| 97 | [RFC4447] |
| 98 - | |
| 99 | Not Applicable to PW |
| 100 | [RFC4447] |
| 101 | [RFC3478] |
| 102 | [RFC3985], + TP-LSPs |
| 103 | Not Applicable to PW |
| 104 | [PW-OAM] |
| 105 | [PW-OAM] |
| 106 - | |
| 108 | [RFC5085], [RFC5586], [RFC5885] |
| 109 | [RFC5085], [RFC5586], [RFC5885] |
| | fault reporting and protection triggering is a local |
| | matter for PW |
| 110 | [RFC5085], [RFC5586], [RFC5885] |
| | fault reporting and protection triggering is a local |
| | matter for PW |
| 111 | [RFC4447] |
| 112 | [RFC4447], [RFC5085], [RFC5586], [RFC5885] |
| 113 | [RFC5085], [RFC5586], [RFC5885] |
| 114 | [RFC5085], [RFC5586], [RFC5885] |
| 115 | path traversed by PW is determined by LSP path; see |
| | GMPLS and MPLS-TP Requirements Table, Section 4.3 |
| 116 | [PW-RED], [PW-REDB], administrative control of redundant |
| | PW is a local matter at the PW head-end |
| 117 | [PW-RED], [PW-REDB], [RFC5085], [RFC5586], [RFC5885] |
| 118 | [RFC3985], [RFC4447], [PW-RED], [PW-REDB], Section 5.3.5 |
| 119 | [RFC4447] |
| 120 - | |
| 125 | [RFC5085], [RFC5586], [RFC5885] |
| 126 - | |
| 130 | [PW-OAM] |
| 131 | Section 5.3.5 |
| 132 | [PW-OAM] |
| 133 | [PW-OAM] |
| 134 | Section 5.3.5 |
| 135 | [PW-OAM] |
| 136 | Not Applicable to PW |
| 137 | Not Applicable to PW |
| 138 | [RFC4447], [RFC5003], [MS-PW-DYNAMIC] |
| 139 - | |
| 143 | [PW-OAM] |
+=======+===========================================================+
T1 T2
+-------+/ Query \+-------+
| | - - - - - - - - ->| |
| A |===================| B |
| |<- - - - - - - - - | |
+-------+\ Response /+-------+
T4 T3
Server Indication Control-Plane Indication
-----------------+ +-------------
Operator Command | | OAM Indication
----------------+ | | +---------------
| | | |
V V V V
+---------------+ +-------+
| Local Request |<--------| WTR |
| logic |WTR Exps | Timer |
+---------------+ +-------+
| ^
Highest local|request |
V | Start/Stop
+-----------------+ |
Remote PSC | PSC Control |------------+
------------>| logic |
Request +-----------------+
|
| Action +------------+
+---------------->| Message |
| Generator |
+------------+
|
Output PSC | Message
V
+-----+ //=======================\\ +-----+
|LER-A|// Working Path \\|LER-Z|
| /| |\ |
| ?< | | >? |
| \|\\ Protection Path //|/ |
+-----+ \\=======================// +-----+
| OC | LO | SF-P | FS | SF-W | SFc | MS | WTRExp
--------+-----+-------+------+------+------+------+------+-------
N | i |UA:LO:L|UA:P:L|PA:F:L|PF:W:L| i |PA:M:L| i
UA:LO:L | N | i | i | i | i | i | i | i
UA:P:L | i |UA:LO:L| i |PA:F:L| i | [5] | i | i
UA:LO:R | i |UA:LO:L| [1] | i | [2] | [6] | i | i
UA:P:R | i |UA:LO:L|UA:P:L|PA:F:L| [3] | [6] | i | i
PF:W:L | i |UA:LO:L|UA:P:L|PA:F:L| i | [7] | i | i
PF:W:R | i |UA:LO:L|UA:P:L|PA:F:L|PF:W:L| i | i | i
PA:F:L | N |UA:LO:L| i | i | i | i | i | i
PA:M:L | N |UA:LO:L|UA:P:L|PA:F:L|PF:W:L| i | i | i
PA:F:R | i |UA:LO:L| i |PA:F:L| [4] | [8] | i | i
PA:M:R | i |UA:LO:L|UA:P:L|PA:F:L|PF:W:L| i |PA:M:L| i
WTR | i |UA:LO:L|UA:P:L|PA:F:L|PF:W:L| i |PA:M:L| [9]
DNR | i |UA:LO:L|UA:P:L|PA:F:L|PF:W:L| i |PA:M:L| i
| LO | SF-P | FS | SF-W | MS | WTR | DNR | NR
--------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------
N |UA:LO:R|UA:P:R|PA:F:R|PF:W:R|PA:M:R| i | i | i
UA:LO:L | i | i | i | i | i | i | i | i
UA:P:L | [10] | i | [19] | i | i | i | i | i
UA:LO:R | i | i | i | i | i | i | i | [16]
UA:P:R |UA:LO:R| i |PA:F:R| i | i | i | i | [16]
PF:W:L | [11] | [12] |PA:F:R| i | i | i | i | i
PF:W:R |UA:LO:R|UA:P:R|PA:F:R| i | i | [14] | [15] | N
PA:F:L |UA:LO:R| i | i | i | i | i | i | i
PA:M:L |UA:LO:R|UA:P:R|PA:F:R| [13] | i | i | i | i
PA:F:R |UA:LO:R| i | i | i | i | i | DNR | [17]
PA:M:R |UA:LO:R|UA:P:R|PA:F:R| [13] | i | i | DNR | N
WTR |UA:LO:R|UA:P:R|PA:F:R|PF:W:R|PA:M:R| i | i | [18]
DNR |UA:LO:R|UA:P:R|PA:F:R|PF:W:R|PA:M:R| i | i | i
+--------------+-------+--------------------------------------------+
| Call | Alt. | Return |
+--------------+-------+--------------------------------------------+
| Bool(p) | B(p) | Bool with probability p/256 of being 0. |
| | | Return value of read_bool(d, p). |
| | | |
| Flag | F | A one-bit flag (same thing as a B(128) or |
| | | an L(1)). Abbreviated F. Return value of |
| | | read_bool(d, 128). |
| | | |
| Lit(n) | L(n) | Unsigned n-bit number encoded as n flags |
| | | (a "literal"). Abbreviated L(n). The |
| | | bits are read from high to low order. |
| | | Return value of read_literal(d, n). |
| | | |
| SignedLit(n) | | Signed n-bit number encoded similarly to |
| | | an L(n). Return value of |
| | | read_signed_literal(d, n). These are |
| | | rare. |
| | | |
| P(8) | | An 8-bit probability. No different from |
| | | an L(8), but we sometimes use this |
| | | notation to emphasize that a probability |
| | | is being coded. |
| | | |
| P(7) | | A 7-bit specification of an 8-bit |
| | | probability. Coded as an L(7) number x; |
| | | the resulting 8-bit probability is x ? x |
| | | << 1 : 1. |
| | | |
| F? X | | A flag that, if true, is followed by a |
| | | piece of data X. |
| | | |
| F? X:Y | | A flag that, if true, is followed by X |
| | | and, if false, is followed by Y. Also |
| | | used to express a value where Y is an |
| | | implicit default (not encoded in the data |
| | | stream), as in F? P(8):255, which |
| | | expresses an optional probability: If the |
| | | flag is true, the probability is specified |
| | | as an 8-bit literal, while if the flag is |
| | | false, the probability defaults to 255. |
| | | |
| B(p)? X | B(p)? | Variants of the above using a boolean |
| | X:Y | indicator whose probability is not |
| | | necessarily 128. |
| | | |
| T | | Tree-encoded value from small alphabet. |
+--------------+-------+--------------------------------------------+
|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
| P | A0 | A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | A6 | A7 |
|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
| L0 | X00 | X01 | X02 | X03 | X04 | X05 | X06 | X07 |
|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
| L1 | X10 | X11 | X12 | X13 | X14 | X15 | X16 | X17 |
|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
| L2 | X20 | X21 | X22 | X23 | X24 | X25 | X26 | X27 |
|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
| L3 | X30 | X31 | X32 | X33 | X34 | X35 | X36 | X37 |
|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
| L4 | X40 | X41 | X42 | X43 | X44 | X45 | X46 | X47 |
|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
| L5 | X50 | X51 | X52 | X53 | X54 | X55 | X56 | X57 |
|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
| L6 | X60 | X61 | X62 | X63 | X64 | X65 | X66 | X67 |
|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
| L7 | X70 | X71 | X72 | X73 | X74 | X75 | X76 | X77 |
|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
| Frame Tag | Type |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
| frame_tag | f(24) |
| if (key_frame) { | |
| start_code | f(24) |
| horizontal_size_code | f(16) |
| vertical_size_code | f(16) |
| } | |
| Frame Header | Type |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
| if (key_frame) { | |
| color_space | L(1) |
| clamping_type | L(1) |
| } | |
| segmentation_enabled | L(1) |
| if (segmentation_enabled) | |
| update_segmentation() | |
| filter_type | L(1) |
| loop_filter_level | L(6) |
| sharpness_level | L(3) |
| mb_lf_adjustments() | |
| log2_nbr_of_dct_partitions | L(2) |
| quant_indices() | |
| if (key_frame) | |
| refresh_entropy_probs | L(1) |
| update_segmentation() | Type |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
| update_mb_segmentation_map | L(1) |
| update_segment_feature_data | L(1) |
| if (update_segment_feature_data) { | |
| segment_feature_mode | L(1) |
| for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) { | |
| quantizer_update | L(1) |
| if (quantizer_update) { | |
| quantizer_update_value | L(7) |
| quantizer_update_sign | L(1) |
| } | |
| } | |
| for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) { | |
| loop_filter_update | L(1) |
| if (loop_filter_update) { | |
| lf_update_value | L(6) |
| lf_update_sign | L(1) |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| if (update_mb_segmentation_map) { | |
| for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { | |
| segment_prob_update | L(1) |
| if (segment_prob_update) | |
| segment_prob | L(8) |
| } | |
| } | |
| mb_lf_adjustments() | Type |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
| loop_filter_adj_enable | L(1) |
| if (loop_filter_adj_enable) { | |
| mode_ref_lf_delta_update | L(1) |
| if (mode_ref_lf_delta_update) { | |
| for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) { | |
| ref_frame_delta_update_flag | L(1) |
| if (ref_frame_delta_update_flag) { | |
| delta_magnitude | L(6) |
| delta_sign | L(1) |
| } | |
| } | |
| for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) { | |
| mb_mode_delta_update_flag | L(1) |
| if (mb_mode_delta_update_flag) { | |
| delta_magnitude | L(6) |
| delta_sign | L(1) |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| quant_indices() | Type |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
| y_ac_qi | L(7) |
| y_dc_delta_present | L(1) |
| if (y_dc_delta_present) { | |
| y_dc_delta_magnitude | L(4) |
| y_dc_delta_sign | L(1) |
| } | |
| y2_dc_delta_present | L(1) |
| if (y2_dc_delta_present) { | |
| y2_dc_delta_magnitude | L(4) |
| y2_dc_delta_sign | L(1) |
| } | |
| y2_ac_delta_present | L(1) |
| if (y2_ac_delta_present) { | |
| y2_ac_delta_magnitude | L(4) |
| y2_ac_delta_sign | L(1) |
| } | |
| uv_dc_delta_present | L(1) |
| if (uv_dc_delta_present) { | |
| uv_dc_delta_magnitude | L(4) |
| uv_dc_delta_sign | L(1) |
| } | |
| uv_ac_delta_present | L(1) |
| if (uv_ac_delta_present) { | |
| uv_ac_delta_magnitude | L(4) |
| uv_ac_delta_sign | L(1) |
| } | |
| token_prob_update() | Type |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
| for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) { | |
| for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) { | |
| for (k = 0; k < 3; k++) { | |
| for (l = 0; l < 11; l++) { | |
| coeff_prob_update_flag | L(1) |
| if (coeff_prob_update_flag) | |
| coeff_prob | L(8) |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| mv_prob_update() | Type |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
| for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) { | |
| for (j = 0; j < 19; j++) { | |
| mv_prob_update_flag | L(1) |
| if (mv_prob_update_flag) | |
| prob | L(7) |
| } | |
| } | |
| Macroblock Data | Type |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
| macroblock_header() | |
| residual_data() | |
| macroblock_header() | Type |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
| if (update_mb_segmentation_map) | |
| segment_id | T |
| if (mb_no_skip_coeff) | |
| mb_skip_coeff | B(p) |
| if (!key_frame) | |
| is_inter_mb | B(p) |
| if (is_inter_mb) { | |
| mb_ref_frame_sel1 | B(p) |
| if (mb_ref_frame_sel1) | |
| mb_ref_frame_sel2 | B(p) |
| mv_mode | T |
| if (mv_mode == SPLITMV) { | |
| mv_split_mode | T |
| for (i = 0; i < numMvs; i++) { | |
| sub_mv_mode | T |
| if (sub_mv_mode == NEWMV4x4) { | |
| read_mvcomponent() | |
| read_mvcomponent() | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } else if (mv_mode == NEWMV) { | |
| read_mvcomponent() | |
| read_mvcomponent() | |
| } | |
| } else { /* intra mb */ | |
| intra_y_mode | T |
| if (intra_y_mode == B_PRED) { | |
| for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) | |
| intra_b_mode | T |
| } | |
| intra_uv_mode | T |
| } | |
| residual_data() | Type |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
| if (!mb_skip_coeff) { | |
| if ( (is_inter_mb && mv_mode != SPLITMV) || | |
| (!is_inter_mb && intra_y_mode != B_PRED) ) | |
| residual_block() /* Y2 */ | |
| for (i = 0; i < 24; i++) | |
| residual_block() /* 16 Y, 4 U, 4 V */ | |
| } | |
| residual_block() | Type |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
| for (i = firstCoeff; i < 16; i++) { | |
| token | T |
| if (token == EOB) break; | |
| if (token_has_extra_bits) | |
| extra_bits | L(n) |
| if (coefficient != 0) | |
| sign | L(1) |
| } | |
|---| Path |---|
| I |------------------->| E |
| n | -SENDER_TSPEC | g |
| g | -ADSPEC | r |
| r | -UPSTREAM_FLOWSPEC | e |
| e | | s |
| s | Resv | s |
| s |<-------------------| |
| | -FLOWSPEC | |
| | -UPSTREAM_TSPEC | |
| | -UPSTREAM_ADSPEC | |
|---| |---|
-------- -------- -------- --------
/ A \ / B \ / C \ / D \
| (*) | | (*) | | (*) | | (*) |
| | |<============>| |<=============>| |<=============>| | |
| - | | - | | - | | - |
\ / \ / \ / \ /
-------- -------- -------- --------
------------------------- -------- --------
/ A \ / B \ / C \
| (*) (*) | -- | | | |
| | |<============>| | |--|FW|--| |--------| |
| - - | -- | | | |
\ / \ / \ /
------------------------- -------- --------
-------- -------------------------- --------
/ A \ / B \ / C \
| | | (*) (*) | | |
| |-------TT | |<=============>| | TT------- | |
| | | - - | | |
\ / \ / \ /
-------- -------------------------- --------
-------- --------
/ A \ / A \
| (*) | | (*) |
| | |<=====================================>| | |
| - | | - |
\ / \ /
-------- --------
\ /
\ ------------------------- /
\ / B \ /
\| |/
TT TT
| |
\ /
-------------------------
-------- --------
/ A \ / A \
| (*) | | (*) |
| | |<=====================================>| | |
| - | | - |
\ / \ /
-------- --------
\ /
\ ------------------------- /
\ / B \ /
\| (*) (*) |/
TT | |<============>| | TT
| - - |
\ /
-------------------------
-------- --------
/ A \ / A \
| | | |
| | ------------------------ | |
| (*) | /(*) (*) \ | (*) |
| | |<======>| |<============>| |<=========>| | |
| - | | - - | | - |
\ / | \ - - / | \ /
-------- | TT-| | | |-TT | --------
| - - |
\ /
------------------------
0 0 0 1 1 2 2 3
0 . . . 7 8 . . . 5 6 . . . 3 4 . . . 1
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Length | P-Type = APP_RESOURCE_PRI |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
// ALRP List //
+---------------------------+---------------------------+
ALRP:
0 0 0 1 1 2 2 3
0 . . . 7 8 . . . 5 6 . . . 3 4 . . . 1
+---------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| ALRP Namespace | Reserved |ALRP Value |
+---------------------------+---------------------------+
-----------------------
^ ^ ^ | | ^
. . . | | .
Total . . . | | . Bandwidth
(1)(2)(3) | | . available
Engi- . . . | | . for non-priority use
neered .or.or. | | .
. . . | | .
Capacity. . . | | .
v . . | | v
. . |--------------| ---
v . | | ^
. | | . Bandwidth available for
v | | v priority use
-------------------------
-----------------------
^ ^ ^ | | ^
. . . | | .
Total . . . | | . Bandwidth
. . . | | . available
Engi- . . . | | . for non-priority use
neered .or.or. |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
. . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
Capacity. . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
v . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| v
. . |--------------| ---
v . | | ^
. | | . Bandwidth available for
v | | v priority use
-------------------------
-----------------------
^ ^ ^ | | ^
. . . | | .
Total . . . | | . Bandwidth
. . . | | . available
Engi- . . . | | . for non-priority use
neered .or.or. |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
. . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
Capacity. . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
v . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| v
. . |--------------| ---
v . | | ^
. | | . Bandwidth available for
v |oooooooooooooo| v priority use
-------------------------
-----------------------
^ ^ ^ |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| ^
. . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
Total . . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . Bandwidth
. . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . available
Engi- . . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . for non-priority use
neered .or.or. |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
. . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
Capacity. . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
v . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| v
. . |--------------| ---
v . | | ^
. | | . Bandwidth available for
v |oooooooooooooo| v priority use
-------------------------
-----------------------
^ ^ ^ |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| ^
. . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
Total . . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . Bandwidth
. . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . available
Engi- . . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . for non-priority use
neered .or.or. |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
. . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
Capacity. . . | | .
v . . | | v
. . |--------------| ---
v . |oooooooooooooo| ^
. |oooooooooooooo| . Bandwidth available for
v |oooooooooooooo| v priority use
-------------------------
--------------------------------------
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . ^
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . Bandwidth .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . available for .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . non-priority .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . use .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . . Bandwidth
| | . . available for
| | v . non-priority
|--------------| --- . and priority
| | . use
| | .
|oooooooooooooo| v
---------------------------------------
--------------------------------------
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . ^
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . Bandwidth .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . available for .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . non-priority .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . use .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . . Bandwidth
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . . available for
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| v . non-priority
|--------------| --- . and priority
| | . use
| | .
|oooooooooooooo| v
---------------------------------------
--------------------------------------
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . ^
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . Bandwidth .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . available for .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . non-priority .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . use .
| | . . Bandwidth
| | . . available for
|oooooooooooooo| v . non-priority
|--------------| --- . and priority
|oooooooooooooo| . use
|oooooooooooooo| .
|oooooooooooooo| v
---------------------------------------
--------------------------------------
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . ^
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . Bandwidth .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . available for .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . non-priority .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . use .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . . Bandwidth
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . . available for
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| v . non-priority
|--------------| --- . and priority
|oooooooooooooo| . use
|oooooooooooooo| .
|oooooooooooooo| v
---------------------------------------
-----------------------
^ ^ | | ^
. . | | .
Total . . | | . Bandwidth limit
(1) (2) | | . (on non-priority + priority)
Engi- . . | | . for admission
neered . or . | | . of non-priority traffic
. . | | .
Capacity. . | | .
v . | | v
. |--------------| ---
. | |
v | |
| |
-----------------------
^ ^ |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| ^
. . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
Total . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . Bandwidth limit
(1) (2) |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . (on non-priority + priority)
Engi- . . | | . for admission
neered . or . | | . of non-priority traffic
. . | | .
Capacity. . | | .
v . | | v
. |--------------| ---
. | |
v | |
| |
-----------------------
^ ^ |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| ^
. . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
Total . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . Bandwidth limit
(1) (2) |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . (on non-priority + priority)
Engi- . . |oooooooooooooo| . for admission
neered . or . | | . of non-priority traffic
. . | | .
Capacity. . | | .
v . | | v
. |--------------| ---
. | |
v | |
| |
-----------------------
^ ^ |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| ^
. . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
Total . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . Bandwidth limit
(1) (2) |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . (on non-priority + priority)
Engi- . . |oooooooooooooo| . for admission
neered . or . |xxxooxxxooxxxo| . of non-priority traffic
. . |xxoxxxxxxoxxxx| .
Capacity. . |oxxxooooxxxxoo| .
v . |xxoxxxooxxxxxx| v
. |--------------| ---
. |oooooooooooooo|
v | |
| |
+-------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
| Group | Threat | Suggested Countermeasure |
+-------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
| LUF | Unauthorized | database security BCPs (Section 4.1), |
| | access | Secure Exchange of SIP messages |
| | | (Section 4.5) |
| | SQL injection | database security BCPs (Section 4.1), |
| | | Secure Exchange of SIP messages |
| | | (Section 4.5) |
| | DoS to LUF | database security BCPs (Section 4.1), |
| | | Secure Exchange of SIP messages |
| | | (Section 4.5) |
| LRF | URI | privacy protection (Section 4.4), Secure |
| | harvesting | Exchange of SIP messages (Section 4.5) |
| | SIP equipment | privacy protection (Section 4.4), Secure |
| | enumeration | Exchange of SIP messages (Section 4.5) |
| | MitM attack | DNSSEC (Section 4.2), Secure Exchange of |
| | | SIP messages (Section 4.5) |
| | Incorrect | DNSSEC (Section 4.2), Secure Exchange of |
| | destinations | SIP messages (Section 4.5) |
| | DoS to LRF | DNS replication (Section 4.3) |
| SF | Call pattern | Secure Exchange of SIP messages |
| | analysis | (Section 4.5), Securing Session |
| | | Establishment Data (Section 4.12) |
| | Password | Secure Exchange of SIP messages |
| | cracking | (Section 4.5) |
| | Network | Securing Session Establishment Data |
| | discovery | (Section 4.12), Topology Hiding |
| | | (Section 4.10) |
| | Session | Secure Exchange of SIP messages |
| | teardown | (Section 4.5), ingress filtering |
| | | (Section 4.6) |
| | Billing fraud | strong identity assertion (Section 4.7) |
| | User ID | strong identity assertion (Section 4.7) |
| | spoofing | |
| | Forged 200 | Secure Exchange of SIP messages |
| | Response | (Section 4.5), ingress filtering |
| | | (Section 4.6) |
| | Forged 302 | Secure Exchange of SIP messages |
| | Response | (Section 4.5), ingress filtering |
| | | (Section 4.6) |
| | Forged 404 | Secure Exchange of SIP messages |
| | Response | (Section 4.5), ingress filtering |
| | | (Section 4.6) |
| | Flooding | reliable border element pooling |
| | attack | (Section 4.8), rate limit (Section 4.9) |
| | Session | DNSSEC (Section 4.2) |
| | blackholing | |
| | SIP fuzzing | border element hardening (Section 4.11) |
| | attack | |
| MF | Eavesdropping | Encryption and Integrity Protection of |
| | | Media Stream (Section 4.13) |
| | Media | Encryption and Integrity Protection of |
| | injection | Media Stream (Section 4.13) |
| | Media session | Encryption and Integrity Protection of |
| | teardown | Media Stream (Section 4.13) |
| | QoS | Encryption and Integrity Protection of |
| | degradation | Media Stream (Section 4.13) |
| | Malformed | border element hardening (Section 4.11) |
| | messages | |
| | Message | rate limit (Section 4.9) |
| | flooding | |
+-------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
+--------------------+------------------------+--------------------+
| Originating SSP | Assisting LUF and LRF | Terminating SSP |
| Domain | Provider Domain | Domain |
| | | |
| +-----+ +-----+ | +------+ +------+ | +-----+ +-----+ |
| |O-LUF| |O-LRF| | |A-LUF | | A-LRF| | |T-LUF| |T-LRF| |
| +-----+ +-----+ | +------+ +------+ | +-----+ +-----+ |
| | | |
| +-------+ +-----+ +------------------------+ +-----+ +-------+ |
| |O-Proxy| |O-SBE| | Indirect SSP Domain | |T-SBE| |T-Proxy| |
| +-------+ +-----+ | | +-----+ +-------+ |
| | +-----+ +-----+ | |
| +---+ +-----+ | |O-SBE| |O-DBE| | +-----+ +---+ |
| |UAC| |O-DBE| | +-----+ +-----+ | |T-DBE| |UAS| |
| +---+ +-----+ | | +-----+ +---+ |
| | | |
+--------------------+------------------------+--------------------+
+--------------------+ +---------------------+
| O-SSP | | T-SSP |
| +-----+ | | +-----+ |
| |O-LUF| | | |T-LUF| |
| |O-LRF| | | /|T-LRF| |
| /+-----+\ | | / +-----+ |
| (2) (4,5,6) | | / |
| / \ | | /(8,9) |
|+-------+ +-----+ +-----+ +-------+|
||O-Proxy|-(3)-|O-SBE+-----(7)-----+T-SBE|-(10)-|T-Proxy||
|+-------+ +-----+ +-----+ +-------+|
| | | | | |
| (1) | | (11) |
| | | | | |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
| | UAC +======|O-DBE+=====(12)====+T-DBE|=======+ UAS | |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
+--------------------+ +---------------------+
example.com example.net
+-----------------+
|LUF/LRF Provider |
| |
| +-------+ |
| +-+ A-LUF | |
| / | A-LRF | |
+--------------------+ / ++-------+ +---------------------+
| O-SSP |/ / | T-SSP |
| +------------/(4,5,6) | +-----+ |
| / | / | |T-LUF| |
| (2) +-+/ | +-|T-LRF| |
| / / | | / +-----+ |
| / / | | /(8,9) |
|+-------+ +-----+ +-----+ +-------+|
||O-Proxy|-(3)-|O-SBE+-------(7)-------+T-SBE|-(10)-|T-Proxy||
|+-------+ +-----+ +-----+ +-------+|
| | | | | |
| (1) | | (11) |
| | | | | |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
| | UAC +======|O-DBE+=======(12)======+T-DBE+=======+ UAS | |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
+--------------------+ +---------------------+
example.com example.net
+------------------+
| LUF/LRF Provider |
| I-SSP |
| +-------+ |
| ---+ A-LUF | |
| / | A-LRF | |
+--------------------+ / +-------+ +---------------------+
| O-SSP |/ / | T-SSP |
| +-------------/ / | +-----+ |
| / |(4,5,6) | |T-LUF| |
| / | / | +----+T-LRF| |
| (2) + +--- | / +-----+ |
| / / | | /(9,10) |
|+-------+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-------+|
||O-Proxy|-(3)-|O-SBE+-(7)-+I-SBE+-(8)--+T-SBE+-(11)-|T-Proxy||
|+-------+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-------+|
| | | | | |
| (1) | | (12) |
| | | | | |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
| | UAC +=(13)=|O-DBE+=====+I-DBE+======+T-DBE+=======+ UAS | |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
example.com example.org example.net
+--------------------+-------------------+---------------------+
| O-SSP | I-SSP | T-SSP |
| +-----+ | | +-----+ |
| -+O-LUF| | | |T-LUF| |
| / |O-LRF+\ | | +----+T-LRF| |
| / +-----+ \ | | / +-----+ |
| /(2) \(4,5,6) | /(9,10) |
|+-------+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-------+|
||O-Proxy|-(3)-|O-SBE+--(7)-+I-SBE+-(8)--+T-SBE+-(11)-|T-Proxy||
|+-------+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-------+|
| | | | | |
| (1) | | (12) |
| | | | | |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
| | UAC +=(13)=+O-DBE+======+I-DBE+======+T-DBE+=======+ UAS | |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
example.com example.org example.net
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| +--------------------+ |
| +------>| GDOI GCKS |<------+ |
| | +--------------------+ | |
| | | | |
| GROUPKEY-PULL | GROUPKEY-PULL |
| PROTOCOL | PROTOCOL |
| | | | |
| v GROUPKEY-PUSH v |
| +-----------------+ PROTOCOL +-----------------+ |
| | | | | | |
| | GDOI GM(s) |<-------+-------->| GDOI GM(S) | |
| | | | | |
| +-----------------+ +-----------------+ |
| | ^ |
| v | |
| +-Data Security Protocol (e.g., ESP)-+ |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
......GKS1.............
: : : : :
: : : : :
source--R1--R2--R3-----destination
| |
|<-----domain 1----------------->|
...............GKS1....................
: : : : : : : :
: : : : : : : :
source--R1--R2--R3--------R4--R5--R6--destination
| | | |
|<-----domain 1--->| |<-------domain 2----->|
....GKS1...... ....GKS2.........
: : : : : : : :
: : : : : : : :
source--R1--R2--R3--------R4--R5--R6--destination
| | | |
|<-----domain 1--->| |<-------domain 2----->|
|<-->|
domain 3
^ Traffic Convergence
Fwd | Start Recovery
Rate | Instant Instant
| Offered ^ ^
| Load --> ----------\ /-----------
| \ /<--- Convergence
| \ Packet / Recovery
| Convergence --->\ Loss / Transition
| Event \ /
| Transition \---------/ <-- Max Packet Loss
|
+--------------------------------------------------------->
^ ^ time
Convergence First Route
Event Instant Convergence Instant
-------
| | Preferred .......
| |------------------. RTb .
....... Ingress | | Egress Interface .......
. RTa .------------| DUT |
....... Interface | | Next-Best .......
| |------------------. RTc .
| | Egress Interface .......
-------
-------
| | Preferred .......
| |------------------. RTb .
| | Egress Interface .......
| |
| | ECMP Set ........
....... Ingress | |------------------. RTc1 .
. RTa .------------| DUT | Interface 1 ........
....... Interface | | .
| | .
| | .
| | ECMP Set ........
| |------------------. RTcN .
| | Interface N ........
-------
--------
| | -------- Preferred .......
| |--| DUT2 |------------------. RTb .
....... Ingress | | -------- Egress Interface .......
. RTa .------------| DUT1 |
....... Interface | | Next-Best .......
| |----------------------------. RTc .
| | Egress Interface .......
--------
--------
| | -------- Preferred .......
| |--| DUT2 |------------------. RTb .
| | -------- Egress Interface .......
| |
| | ECMP Set ........
....... Ingress | |----------------------------. RTc1 .
. RTa .------------| DUT1 | Interface 1 ........
....... Interface | | .
| | .
| | .
| | ECMP Set ........
| |----------------------------. RTcN .
| | Interface N ........
--------
-------
| | ECMP Set ........
| |-------------. RTb1 .
| | Interface 1 ........
....... Ingress | | .
. RTa .------------| DUT | .
....... Interface | | .
| | ECMP Set ........
| |-------------. RTbN .
| | Interface N ........
-------
--------
| | ECMP Set -------- ........
| |-------------| DUT2 |---. RTb1 .
| | Interface 1 -------- ........
| |
| | ECMP Set ........
....... Ingress | |------------------------. RTb2 .
. RTa .------------| DUT1 | Interface 2 ........
....... Interface | | .
| | .
| | .
| | ECMP Set ........
| |------------------------. RTbN .
| | Interface N ........
--------
------- .......
| | Parallel Link . .
| |----------------. .
| | Interface 1 . .
....... Ingress | | . . .
. RTa .------------| DUT | . . RTb .
....... Interface | | . . .
| | Parallel Link . .
| |----------------. .
| | Interface N . .
------- .......
^
Fwd |
Rate |------------- ............
| \ .
| \ .
| \ .
| \ .
|.................-.-.-.-.-.-.----------------
+----+-------+---------------+----------------->
^ ^ ^ ^ time
T0 CEI Ta Ta'
^
Fwd |
Rate |------------- .................
Rta | | .
| | .
|.............-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.----------------
+----+-------+---------------+----------------->
^ ^ ^ ^ time
T0 CEI Ta Ta'
^
Fwd |
Rate |-------- -----------
| \ /
| \ /
| \ /
| \ /
| ---------------
+------------------------------------------>
^ ^ ^ ^ time
Ta Tb Ta' Tb'
Tb'' Ta''
+-----------+
+--------------| Tester |<-----------------------+
| +-----------+ |
| IP Traffic | Failover IP Traffic |
| | Event |
| ------------ | ---------- |
+--->| Ingress/ | V | Egress/ |---+
|Headend Node|------------------|Merge Node| Primary
------------ ---------- Path
| ^
| --------- | Backup
+--------| Backup |-------------+ Path
| Node |
---------
+-----------+
+--------------------| Tester |<-----------------+
| +-----------+ |
| IP Traffic | Failover IP Traffic |
| | Event |
| V |
| ------------ -------- ---------- |
+--->| Ingress/ | |Midpoint| | Egress/ |---+
|Headend Node|----| Node |----|Merge Node| Primary
------------ -------- ---------- Path
| ^
| --------- | Backup
+--------| Backup |-------------+ Path
| Node |
---------
+-----------+
+---------------------------| Tester |<----------------------+
| +-----------+ |
| IP Traffic | Failover IP Traffic |
| | Event |
| Primary Path | |
| ------------ -------- | -------- ---------- |
+--->| Ingress/ | |Midpoint| V |Midpoint| | Egress/ |---+
|Headend Node|----| Node |---| Node |---|Merge Node|
------------ -------- -------- ----------
| ^
| --------- -------- | Backup
+--------| Backup |----| Backup |--------+ Path
| Node | | Node |
--------- --------
+-----------+
+--------------------| Tester |<-------------------+
| +-----------+ |
| IP Traffic | Failover IP Traffic |
| | Event |
| Primary | |
| +--------+ Path v +--------+ |
| | |------------------------>| | |
+--->| Ingress| | Egress |----+
| Node |- - - - - - - - - - - - >| Node |
+--------+ Backup Path +--------+
| |
| IP-Layer Forwarding |
+<----------------------------------------->+
+-----------+
+-----------------| Tester |<--------------------+
| +-----------+ |
| IP Traffic | Failover IP Traffic |
| | Event |
| V |
| --------- -------- ---------- |
+--->| Ingress | |Primary | | Egress/ |------+
| Node |----| Node |----|Merge Node| Primary
--------- -------- ---------- Path
| State |Control ^
| Interface |(Optional) |
| --------- |
+---------| Standby |---------+
| Node |
---------
+------+------+------+------+
(a) | RTP | VS | VO | VOL |
|header|header|header|header|
+------+------+------+------+
+------+------+------+------+------+------------+
(b) | RTP | VS | VO | VOL | VOP |Video Packet|
|header|header|header|header|header| |
+------+------+------+------+------+------------+
+------+-----+------------------+
(c) | RTP | GOV |Video Object Plane|
|header| | |
+------+-----+------------------+
+------+------+------------+ +------+------+------------+
(d) | RTP | VOP |Video Packet| | RTP | VP |Video Packet|
|header|header| (1) | |header|header| (2) |
+------+------+------------+ +------+------+------------+
+------+------+------------+------+------------+------+------------+
(e) | RTP | VP |Video Packet| VP |Video Packet| VP |Video Packet|
|header|header| (1) |header| (2) |header| (3) |
+------+------+------------+------+------------+------+------------+
+------+------+------------+ +------+------------+
(f) | RTP | VOP |VOP fragment| | RTP |VOP fragment|
|header|header| (1) | |header| (2) | . . .
+------+------+------------+ +------+------------+
+------+-------------+ +------+------------+------------+
(a) | RTP |First half of| | RTP |Last half of|Video Packet|
|header| VP header | |header| VP header | |
+------+-------------+ +------+------------+------------+
+------+------+----------+ +------+---------+------+------------+
(b) | RTP | VOP |First half| | RTP |Last half| VP |Video Packet|
|header|header| of VP(1) | |header| of VP(1)|header| (2) |
+------+------+----------+ +------+---------+------+------------+
Web server MMS Gateway
| |
-+--Internet---- ----Operator network--+-
| |
+-------+ +-------+
|WLAN AP| | GGSN |
+-------+ +-------+
| +--------+ |
+--------|Cellular|--------+
|device |
+--------+
A B C D E
o -------- o -------- o --------- o --------- o
\_____/ | \______/ \______/ | \______/
LDP | RSVP RSVP | LDP
| |
\____________________/
LDP
A B C D E F
o -------- o -------- o --------- o -------- o ------- o
\_____/ \______/ \______/ \______/ \_______/
LDP LDP BGP RSVP RSVP
A B C D E F
o -------- o -------- o --------- o -------- o ------- o
\_____/ \______/ \______/ \______/ \_______/
LDP LDP BGP RSVP RSVP
A B C D E F
o -------- o -------- o --------- o --------- o --------- o
\_____/ |\____________________/ |\_______/
LDP |\ RSVP-A | LDP
| \_______________________________/|
| RSVP-B |
\________________________________/
LDP
A B C D E F G
o -------- o -------- o ------ o ------ o ----- o ----- o
LDP LDP BGP \ RSVP RSVP / LDP
\_____________/
LDP
Bit number | Name | Reference
------------+----------------------------+--------------
15 | V Flag | [RFC4379]
14 | T Flag | [RFC6425]
13-0 | Unassigned |
+--+
| | UP, ADMIN DOWN, TIMER, LDI, LKR
| V
DOWN +------+ INIT
+------------| |------------+
| | DOWN | |
| +-------->| |<--------+ |
| | +------+ | |
| | MIS-CONNECTIVITY,| |
| | ADMIN DOWN,| |
| |ADMIN DOWN, DOWN,| |
| |TIMER TIMER,| |
V |LDI,LKR LDI,LKR | V
+------+ +------+
+----| | | |----+
DOWN| | INIT |--------------------->| UP | |INIT, UP
+--->| | INIT, UP | |<---+
+------+ +------+
+--+
| | UP, ADMIN DOWN, TIMER, LDI, LKR
| V
DOWN +------+ INIT
+------------| |------------+
| | DOWN | |
| +-------->| |<--------+ |
| | +------+ | |
| | | |
| |ADMIN DOWN ADMIN DOWN | |
| |TIMER, | |
| |LDI, | |
V |LKR | V
+------+ +------+
+----| | | |----+
DOWN| | INIT |--------------------->| UP | | INIT, UP, DOWN,
+--->| | INIT, UP | |<---+ LDI, LKR
+------+ +------+
+--+
| | ADMIN DOWN, TIMER, LDI, LKR
| V
DOWN +------+ INIT, UP
+------------| |------------+
| | DOWN | |
| +-------->| |<--------+ |
| | +------+ | |
| | MIS-CONNECTIVITY,| |
| | ADMIN DOWN,| |
| |ADMIN DOWN, TIMER, | |
| |TIMER, DOWN, | |
| |LDI, LDI, | V
V |LKR LKR | |
+------+ +------+
+----| | | |----+
DOWN| | INIT |--------------------->| UP | |INIT, UP
+--->| | INIT, UP | |<---+
+------+ +------+
+-----+ +-----+
| Host| | BRAS|
+-----+ +-----+
| |
| (1) IPCP Configure-Request |
| IP ADDRESS=0.0.0.0 |
| PORT RANGE VALUE=0 |
| PORT RANGE MASK=0 |
|===============================================>|
| |
| (2) IPCP Configure-Nak |
| IP ADDRESS=a.b.c.d |
| PORT RANGE VALUE=80 |
| PORT RANGE MASK=496 |
|<===============================================|
| |
| (3) IPCP Configure-Request |
| IP ADDRESS=a.b.c.d |
| PORT RANGE VALUE=80 |
| PORT RANGE MASK=496 |
|===============================================>|
| |
| (4) IPCP Configure-Ack |
| IP ADDRESS=a.b.c.d |
| PORT RANGE VALUE=80 |
| PORT RANGE MASK=496 |
|<===============================================|
| |
+-----+ +-----+
| Host| | BRAS|
+-----+ +-----+
| |
| (1) IPCP Configure-Request |
| IP ADDRESS=0.0.0.0 |
| PORT RANGE VALUE=0 |
| PORT RANGE MASK=0 |
|===============================================>|
| |
| (2) IPCP Configure-Reject |
| PORT RANGE VALUE=0 |
| PORT RANGE MASK=0 |
|<===============================================|
| |
| (3) IPCP Configure-Request |
| IP ADDRESS=0.0.0.0 |
|===============================================>|
| |
| (4) IPCP Configure-Nak |
| IP ADDRESS=a.b.c.d |
|<===============================================|
| |
| (5) IPCP Configure-Request |
| IP ADDRESS=a.b.c.d |
|===============================================>|
| |
| (6) IPCP Configure-Ack |
| IP ADDRESS=a.b.c.d |
|<===============================================|
| |
+-----+ +-----+
| Host| | BRAS|
+-----+ +-----+
| |
| (1) IPCP Configure-Request |
| IP ADDRESS=0.0.0.0 |
|===============================================>|
| |
| (2) IPCP Protocol-Reject |
|<===============================================|
| |
_____ _____ _____ _____
| TEP |_________| R1 |-------------| R2 |_________| TEP |
|__A__| |_____|-------------|_____| |__B__|
tunnel ECMP or LAG tunnel
here
Alice SIP Intermediary Bob LS
| | | |
| Request w/Location | |
|----------------------------------->| |
| | |
| Response | |
|<-----------------------------------| |
| | | |
Alice SIP Intermediary Bob LS
| | | |
| Request w/Location URI | |
|----------------------------------->| |
| | Dereference |
| | Request |
| (To: Location URI) |
| |---------------->|
| | |
| | Dereference |
| | Response |
| (includes Location Object) |
| |<----------------|
| Response | |
|<-----------------------------------| |
| | | |
Alice SIP Intermediary Bob LS
| | | |
| Request | | |
| w/Location | | |
|--------------->| | |
| | Request | |
| | w/Location | |
| |------------------>| |
| | | |
| | Response | |
| |<------------------| |
| Response | | |
|<---------------| | |
| | | |
Alice SIP Intermediary Bob LS
| | | |
| Request | | |
| w/Location | | |
|--------------->| | |
| | | |
| Rejected | | |
| w/New Location | | |
|<---------------| | |
| | | |
| Request | | |
| w/New Location | | |
|--------------->| | |
| | Request | |
| | w/New Location | |
| |------------------>| |
| | | |
Configuration Servers
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
. +--------+ +----------+ .
. +--------+ | +----------+ | .
. | LIS | | | SIP | | .
. | |-+ | Registrar|-+ .
. +--------+ +----------+ .
. ^ ^ .
. . | . . . . . . . | . . . . . .
| |
|[M1][M4] |[M2]
| | +--------+
|+--------------+ +--------+ |
|| | LoST | |
||+-------------------->| Servers|-+
||| [M3][M5] +--------+ +-------+
||| | PSAP2 |
||| +-------+
|||
||| [M6] +-------+ [M7]+------+ [M8]+-------+
Alice ------>| Proxy |---->| ESRP |---->| PSAP1 |-----> Call Taker
+-------+ +------+ +-------+
+--------+
| Event |
+--------+ |Resource| +--------+
| Event | +--------+ | Event |
|Resource| | |Resource|
+---.=---+ | +---=----+
`-.. | _.--'
``-._ | _.--'
+'--'--'-+
|Resource|
| List |
| Server |
+---.----+
|
|
)--+---(
| | .--------.
|Buffer|<======'max-rate|
| | `--------'
)--.---(
|
|
.---+---.
| Event |
|Watcher|
`-------'
[ Feedback Consumer Database ]
|
V
[ User ] [ Mailbox ] [ Feedback ]
[ Reports ]--->[ Provider ]--SMTP-->[ Provider ]
[ Spam ] | |
V V [ Feedback ]
[Spam Filter Rules] [ ARF Message ]--SMTP-->[ Consumer ]
\ Message Type | Init | Server | Echo | Echo |
Option \ | | Response | Request | Reply |
---------------------- -+--------+----------+---------+--------+
Version (0) | MUST | MUST | MUST | ECHO |
Client ID (1) | SHOULD | ECHO | SHOULD | ECHO |
Sequence Number (2) | NOT | ECHO | MUST | ECHO |
Client Timestamp (3) | NOT | NOT | SHOULD | ECHO |
Multicast Group (4) | NOT | MAY | MUST | ECHO |
Option Request (5) | MAY | NOT | MAY | ECHO |
Server Information (6) | NOT | RQ | NOT | NOT |
Deprecated (7) | NOT | NOT | NOT | ECHO |
Deprecated (8) | NOT | NOT | NOT | ECHO |
TTL (9) | NOT | NOT | NOT | SHOULD |
Multicast Prefix (10) | MAY | MAY | NOT | NOT |
Session ID (11) | NOT | SHOULD | ECHO | NOT |
Server Timestamp (12) | NOT | NOT | NOT | RQ |
---------------------- -+--------+----------+---------+--------+
__________________________
\ ***** \
,===============***====, *** \
/ ** \ / ** \
/ POI 1 ** \ / ** \
/ o ** X ** \
/ ** / \ USER ** \
/ ** / \ 0 ** \
/ ** / \ POI 3 ** \
/ ** / \ o ** \
/ ,--------**-/---------\----------**--, \
`=====================** \________**___|___________\
| ** ** |
| o *** *** |
| POI 2 ***** |
`------------------------------------'
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-------+-+-------------+-------------------------------+
|F|R|R|R| opcode|M| Payload len | Extended payload length |
|I|S|S|S| (4) |A| (7) | (16/64) |
|N|V|V|V| |S| | (if payload len==126/127) |
| |1|2|3| |K| | |
+-+-+-+-+-------+-+-------------+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
| Extended payload length continued, if payload len == 127 |
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +-------------------------------+
| |Masking-key, if MASK set to 1 |
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Masking-key (continued) | Payload Data |
+-------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
: Payload Data continued ... :
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
| Payload Data continued ... |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|Status Code | Meaning | Contact | Reference |
-+------------+-----------------+---------------+-----------|
| 1000 | Normal Closure | hybi@ietf.org | RFC 6455 |
-+------------+-----------------+---------------+-----------|
| 1001 | Going Away | hybi@ietf.org | RFC 6455 |
-+------------+-----------------+---------------+-----------|
| 1002 | Protocol error | hybi@ietf.org | RFC 6455 |
-+------------+-----------------+---------------+-----------|
| 1003 | Unsupported Data| hybi@ietf.org | RFC 6455 |
-+------------+-----------------+---------------+-----------|
| 1004 | ---Reserved---- | hybi@ietf.org | RFC 6455 |
-+------------+-----------------+---------------+-----------|
| 1005 | No Status Rcvd | hybi@ietf.org | RFC 6455 |
-+------------+-----------------+---------------+-----------|
| 1006 | Abnormal Closure| hybi@ietf.org | RFC 6455 |
-+------------+-----------------+---------------+-----------|
| 1007 | Invalid frame | hybi@ietf.org | RFC 6455 |
| | payload data | | |
-+------------+-----------------+---------------+-----------|
| 1008 | Policy Violation| hybi@ietf.org | RFC 6455 |
-+------------+-----------------+---------------+-----------|
| 1009 | Message Too Big | hybi@ietf.org | RFC 6455 |
-+------------+-----------------+---------------+-----------|
| 1010 | Mandatory Ext. | hybi@ietf.org | RFC 6455 |
-+------------+-----------------+---------------+-----------|
| 1011 | Internal Server | hybi@ietf.org | RFC 6455 |
| | Error | | |
-+------------+-----------------+---------------+-----------|
| 1015 | TLS handshake | hybi@ietf.org | RFC 6455 |
-+------------+-----------------+---------------+-----------|
|Opcode | Meaning | Reference |
-+--------+-------------------------------------+-----------|
| 0 | Continuation Frame | RFC 6455 |
-+--------+-------------------------------------+-----------|
| 1 | Text Frame | RFC 6455 |
-+--------+-------------------------------------+-----------|
| 2 | Binary Frame | RFC 6455 |
-+--------+-------------------------------------+-----------|
| 8 | Connection Close Frame | RFC 6455 |
-+--------+-------------------------------------+-----------|
| 9 | Ping Frame | RFC 6455 |
-+--------+-------------------------------------+-----------|
| 10 | Pong Frame | RFC 6455 |
-+--------+-------------------------------------+-----------|
Native |<------Multi-Segment Pseudowire------>| Native
Service | GEM/XGEM | Service
(AC) | |<--Port-->| | (AC)
| | | | | |
| | | PSN | PSN | |
| | |<-Tunnel->| |<-Tunnel->| | |
| V V V V V V |
| +----+ +-----+ +----+ |
+----+ | |TPE1|===========|S-PE1|==========|TPE2| | +----+
| |------|..... PW.Seg't1....X....PW.Seg't3.....|-------| |
| CE1| | | | | | | | | |CE2 |
| |------|..... PW.Seg't2....X....PW.Seg't4.....|-------| |
+----+ | | |===========| |==========| | | +----+
Base ^ +----+ +-----+ +----+ ^
Station | Provider Edge 1 ^ Provider Edge 2 |
| ONU | |
| PW switching point |
| OLT |
| |
|<------------------ Emulated Service --------------->|
Base ----AC-- TPE1--PW over PON--SPE1--PW over PSN--TPE2--AC------
Station
---------- ----------
-------- |Packetized| |Packetized| --------
|Native | |Native | |Native | |Native |
|Service | |Service | |Service | |Service |
-------- |----------| |----------| --------
|Control | |Control |
|Word | |Word |
|----------| |----------|
|PW Label | |PW Label |
|----------| |----------|
|GEM/XGEM | |MPLS |
|----------| |Tunnel |
|GPON/XGPON| |Label |
|-Phy | | |
---------- |----------|
|Link Layer|
|----------|
|Phy |
----------
Figure C: On-Wire Data Encapsulations for MS-PWs
.--.
_(. `)
.--. +------------+ _( PDN `)_
_(Core`. |GW1 |====( Internet `)
+---+ ( NW )------|APN=internet| ( ` . ) )
[UE]~~~~|RAN|----( ` . ) )--+ +------------+ `--(_______)---'
^ +---+ `--(___.-' |
| | .--.
| | +----------+ _(.PDN`)
| +--|GW2 | _(Operator`)_
| |APN=OpServ|====( Services `)
UE is attached +----------+ ( ` . ) )
to GW1 and GW2 `--(_______)---'
simultaneously
3G
.--. .--.
Uu _( `. Iu +----+ +----+ _( `.
[UE]~~|~~~( UTRAN )--|---|SGSN|--|---|GGSN|--|----( PDN )
( ` . ) ) +----+ Gn +----+ Gi ( ` . ) )
`--(___.-' / | `--(___.-'
/ |
2G Gb-- |
.--. / |
_( `. / --Gp
[UE]~~|~~~( PDN )__/ |
Um ( ` . ) ) .--.
`--(___.-' _(. `)
_( [GGSN] `)_
( other `)
( ` . PLMN ) )
`--(_______)---'
Y
| +---------+ .--.
|--+ __________________________ | APNx in | _( `.
| |O______PDPc1_______________)| GGSN / |----(Internet)
| | | PDN-GW | ( ` . ) )
|UE| +---------+ `--(___.-'
| | _______________________ +---------+ .--.
| |O______PDPc2____________)| APNy in | _(Priv`.
+--+ | GGSN / |-------(Network )
| PDN-GW | ( ` . ) )
+---------+ `--(___.-'
+--------+
| IP |
S1-MME +-------+ S11 |Services|
+----|----| MME |----|----+ +--------+
| | | | |SGi
| +-------+ | S5/ |
+----+ LTE-Uu +-------+ S1-U +-------+ S8 +-------+
|UE |----|---|eNodeB |---|-----------------| SGW |--|---|PDN-GW |
| |========|=======|=====================|=======|======| |
+----+ +-------+Dual-Stack EPS Bearer+-------+ +-------+
Y .--.
| _(IPv4`.
|---+ +---+ +---+ ( PDN )
| D |~~~~~~~//-----| |====| |====( ` . ) )
| S | IPv4 context | S | | G | `--(___.-'
| | | G | | G | .--.
| U | | S | | S | _(IPv6`.
| E | IPv6 context | N | | N | ( PDN )
|///|~~~~~~~//-----| |====|(s)|====( ` . ) )
+---+ +---+ +---+ `--(___.-'
Y
|
|---+ +---+ +---+
| D |~~~~~~~//-----| |====| | .--.
| S | IPv4 context | S | | G | _( DS `.
| | | G | | G | ( PDN )
| U | | S | | S |====( ` . ) )
| E | IPv6 context | N | | N | `--(___.-'
|///|~~~~~~~//-----| |====| |
+---+ +---+ +---+
Y
|
|---+ +---+ +---+
| D | | | | P | .--.
| S | | | | D | _( DS `.
| | IPv4v6 (DS) | S | | N | ( PDN )
| U |~~~~~~~//-----| G |====| - |====( ` . ) )
| E | bearer | W | | G | `--(___.-'
|///| | | | W |
+---+ +---+ +---+
UE eNodeB/ MME SGW PDN-GW HSS/
| BS | | | AAA
| | | | | |
|---------->|(1) | | | |
| |---------->|(1) | | |
| | | | | |
|/---------------------------------------------------------\|
| Authentication and Authorization |(2)
|\---------------------------------------------------------/|
| | | | | |
| | |---------->|(3) | |
| | | |---------->|(3) |
| | | | | |
| | | |<----------|(4) |
| | |<----------|(4) | |
| |<----------|(5) | | |
|/---------\| | | | |
| RB setup |(6) | | | |
|\---------/| | | | |
| |---------->|(7) | | |
|---------->|(8) | | | |
| |---------->|(9) | | |
| | | | | |
|============= Uplink Data =========>==========>|(10) |
| | | | | |
| | |---------->|(11) | |
| | | | | |
| | |<----------|(12) | |
| | | | | |
|<============ Downlink Data =======<===========|(13) |
| | | | | |
*-------------*
1. Provision SED | |
-----------------------> | Registry |
| |
*-------------*
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ 2.Distribute \
/ SED \
V V
+----------+ +----------+
|Local Data| |Local Data|
|Repository| |Repository|
+----------+ +----------+
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . registry . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . .
. . .
. . provision .
+-----------+ . +-----------+
| | provision +----------+ provision | |
| SSP 1 |------------>| Registry |<-----------| SSP 2 |
| | +----------+ | |
| +-----+ | /\ | +-----+ |
| | LDR | <-------------------- ------------------>| LDR | |
| +-----+ | distribute distribute | +-----+ |
| | | |
+-----------+ +-----------+
. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(provision / distribute)
[MAG] [rfLMA] [r2LMA]
| | |
1) |--PBU-->| | LMA assignment takes place in rfLMA.
| | |
2) | | ~ ~ ~ >|\
| | | + BCE gets created in r2LMA.
3) | |<~ ~ ~ ~|/
| | |
4) |<--PBA--| | PBA contains r2LMA information.
| | |
|<=====data======>|
| | |
5) |-------PBU------>| Lifetime extension,
6) |<------PBA-------| de-registration, etc.
| | |
[MAG] [rfLMA /r2LMA_1/r2LMA_2/r2LMA_3]
| | | | |
MAG discovers rfLMA | | | |
BULE for rfLMA | | | |
| | | | |
|-- PBU --------------------->| | | |
| src=MAG_Proxy-CoA, | | | |
| dst=rfLMA, | | | |
| Redirect-Capability, .. | r2LMA gets selected |
| BCE is created in r2LMA_2
| |Tunnel setup in r2LMA_2|
| | | | |
|<- PBA ----------------------| | | |
| src=rfLMA, | | | |
| dst=MAG_Proxy-CoA, | | | |
| Redirect=r2LMA_2_address, | | | |
| Load Info, .. | | | |
| | | | |
BULE updated to r2LMA_2 | | | |
Tunnel setup | | | |
| | | | |
|<=========== MAG-r2LMA_2 tunnel ============>| |
| | | | |
Lifetime extension, etc. | | | |
| | | | |
|-- PBU ------------------------------------->| |
| src=MAG_Proxy-CoA, | | | |
| dst=r2LMA_2, .. | | | |
| | | | |
|<- PBA --------------------------------------| |
| src=r2LMA_2, | | | |
| dst=MAG_Proxy-CoA, | | | |
| Load Info, .. | | | |
| | | | |
[MAG] [rfLMA] [r2LMA]
| | |
MAG discovers rfLMA | |
BULE for rfLMA | |
| | |
|-- PBU --------------------->| rfLMA assigns a r2LMA and |
| src=MAG_Proxy-CoA, | creates a proxy state |
| dst=rfLMA, | |
| Redirect-Capability, .. | |
| |-- PBU' -------------------->|
| | src=proxy-MAG_Proxy-CoA, |
| | dst=r2LMA, |
| | ACoA/A4CoA=MAG_Proxy-CoA, |
| | .. |
| | BCE created in r2LMA
| | Tunnel setup
| | Proxy-CoA is MAG's address
| | |
| rfLMA removes the |<- PBA' ---------------------|
| proxy state | src=r2LMA, |
| | dst=proxy-MAG_Proxy-CoA, |
| | Load Info, .. |
|<- PBA ----------------------| |
| src=rfLMA, | |
| dst=MAG_Proxy-CoA, | |
| Redirect=r2LMA_address, | |
| Load Info, .. | |
| | |
BULE updated to r2LMA | |
Tunnel setup | |
| | |
|<===================== MAG-r2LMA tunnel ==================>|
| | |
Lifetime extension, etc. | |
| | |
|-- PBU --------------------------------------------------->|
| src=MAG_Proxy-CoA, dst=r2LMA, .. |
| | |
|<- PBA ----------------------------------------------------|
| src=r2LMA, dst=MAG_Proxy-CoA, Load Info, .. |
| | |
________________________
| |
| 00:42 | Weekly Call |
|________________________|
| |
| |
| Alice |====== | (S) |
| |
| Bob |= | |
| |
| Carol | | (M) |
| |
| Dave |=== | |
| |
|________________________|
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|xxxxxxcc|cccccccc|cccccccc|ccccc100|
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
^ ^
| |
WB WT
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|xxxxxxcc|cccccccc|cccccccc|ccccc110|
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
^ ^
| |
WB WT
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|ccc10000|xxxxcccc|cccccccc|cccccccc|
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
^ ^
| |
WT WB
--------- ---------
| RIR | | NIR |
| CA | | CA |
--------- ---------
| |
| |
| |
--------- ---------
| ISP | | ISP |
| CA 1 | | CA 2 |
--------- ---------
| \ |
| ----- |
| \ |
---------- ---------- ----------
| ISP | | ISP | | ISP |
| EE 1a | | EE 1b | | EE 2 |
---------- ---------- ----------
| | |
| | |
| | |
---------- ---------- ----------
| ROA 1a | | ROA 1b | | ROA 2 |
---------- ---------- ----------
+--------+
+--------->| Cert A |<----+
| | CRLDP | |
| | AIA | |
| +--------- SIA | |
| | +--------+ |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | +-------------------|------------------+
| | | | |
| +->| +--------+ | +--------+ |
| | | Cert B | | | Cert C | |
| | | CRLDP ----+ | | CRLDP -+-+ |
+----------- AIA | | +----- AIA | | |
| | SIA | | | SIA | | |
| +--------+ | +--------+ | |
| V | |
| +---------+ | |
| | A's CRL |<-----------+ |
| +---------+ |
| A's Repository Publication Directory |
+--------------------------------------+
+--------+
+--------->| Cert A |<----+
| | AIA | |
| +--------- SIA | |
| | +--------+ |
| | |
| | +-------------------|------------------+
| | | | |
| +->| +--------+ | +--------+ |
| | | Cert B | | | Cert C | |
| | | CRLDP-------+ | | CRLDP-----+ |
+----------- AIA | | +----- AIA | | |
| | SIA------+ | | SIA------------+
| +--------+ | | +--------+ | | |
| | V V | |
| | +-----------------+ | |
| | | CRL issued by A | | |
| A's Repository| +-----------------+ | |
| Directory | | |
+---------------|----------------------+ |
| |
+----------------+ | +----------------+ |
| B's Repository |<-------+ | C's Repository |<--+
| Directory | | Directory |
+----------------+ +----------------+
Node (N) Home Agent (HA) Mobile Node (MN)
on Home Link on Home Link on Foreign Link
| | |
| SRC = N | |
| DST = solicited_node (MN) | |
| ICMPv6 NS | |
| TARGET = MN | |
| SLLAO = N_LL | |
| [CGA] | |
| RSA signature | |
|-------------------------->| |
| | |
| SRC = HA | |
| DST = N | |
| ICMPv6 NA | |
| TARGET = MN | |
| TLLAO = HA_LL | |
| PS signature | |
|<--------------------------| |
| | |
| traffic | |
| dest = MN HoA | |
|-------------------------->| |
| | |
| | tunneled traffic |
| | dest = MN CoA |
| |------------------------->|
| | |
MN new MAG LMA
| | |
MN Attached | |
| | |
| MN Attached Event from MN/Network |
| | |
| SRC = MN | |
| DST = all routers | |
| ICMPv6 RS | |
| [CGA] | |
| RSA signature | |
|--------------------->| |
| | |
| |--- PBU ------------->|
| | |
| | Accept PBU
| | |
| |<------------- PBA ---|
| | |
| Accept PBA |
| | |
| |==== Bi-Dir Tunnel ===|
| | |
| SRC = MAG4MN | |
| DST = MN | |
| ICMPv6 RA | |
| SLL = MAG_LL | |
| PS | |
|<---------------------| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
Host A ND Proxy (P) Host B
| | |
| SRC = A | |
| DST = solicited_node (B) | |
| ICMPv6 NS | |
| TARGET = B | |
| SLLAO = A_LL | |
|------------------------->| |
| | SRC = A |
| | DST = solicited_node (B) |
| | ICMPv6 NS |
| | TARGET = B |
| | SLLAO = P_LL |
| |------------------------->|
| | |
| | SRC = B |
| | DST = A |
| | ICMPv6 NA |
| | TARGET = B |
| | TLLAO = B_LL |
| |<-------------------------|
| SRC = B | |
| DST = A | |
| ICMPv6 NA | |
| TARGET = B | |
| TLLAO = P_LL | |
|<-------------------------| |
| | |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| Symbol | Definition | R | S | Duration |
|--------|---------------------------------|-----|-----|------------|
| gwvbd | Gateway Controlled VBD | x | | |
| nopvbd | No Negotiated Procedure for VBD | x | | |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------
| ReasonCode | Description |
|------------|--------------------------------------------------|
| CNG | T.30 fax calling |
| V21flag | V.21 tone and flags for fax answering |
| CIV18 | V.8 CI with V.18 call function |
| XCI | V.18 XCI |
| V18txp | V.18 txp |
| Belltone | Bell 103 carrier, high- or low-frequency channel |
| | (ITU-T Recommendation V.18) |
| Baudot | Baudot initial tone and character (ITU-T |
| | Recommendation V.18) |
| Edt | EDT initial tone and character (ITU-T |
| | Recommendation V.18) |
| CIdata | V.8 CI with any data call function |
| CT | V.25 calling tone |
| CIfax | V.8 CI with fax call function |
| V21tone | V.21 carrier, high- or low-frequency channel |
| V23tone | V.23 carrier, high- or low-frequency channel |
| V8bis | V.8 bis modem handshaking signal |
| ANS | V.25 ANS, equivalent to T.30 CED from answering |
| | terminal |
| /ANS | V.25 ANS with periodic phase reversals |
| ANSam | V.8 ANSam |
| /ANSam | V.8 ANSam with periodic phase reversals |
| CMFax | V.8 CM sequence indicating fax call function |
| JMFax | V.8 JM sequence indicating fax call function |
| CMData | V.8 CM sequence indicating unspecified data |
| | call function |
| JMData | V.8 JM sequence indicating unspecified data |
| | call function |
| CMText | V.8 CM sequence indicating text call function |
| JMText | V.8 JM sequence indicating text call function |
| PTSW | Payload type switch as defined in V.152 |
---------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------
| ReasonCode | Description |
|------------|-----------------------------------------|
| SIL | Bidirectional silence |
| Voice | Voice signals |
| PTSW | Payload type switch as defined in V.152 |
| MC | Media change |
------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------
| ReasonCode | Description |
|------------|---------------------------------------|
| TO | Indicates that a timeout has occurred |
----------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------
| CoordinationTechnique | Description |
|-----------------------|------------------------------|
| v152ptsw | V.152 Payload Type Switching |
| v150fw | V.150.1 SSE |
------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------
| Direction | Description |
|-----------|------------------------------------ |
| GstnToIp | Stimulus detected in the direction |
| | from the GSTN to IP network, |
| | including fax, modem, and text tones. |
| IpToGstn | Stimulus detected in the direction |
| | from the IP to GSTN network, |
| | including fax, modem, and text tones |
| | (e.g., IP-side tone detection); |
| | RTP packet with VBD payload type |
| | (e.g., V.152 or V.150.1). |
----------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------
| Symbol | Definition |
|--------|---------------------------------------------|
| gpmd | General-Purpose Media Descriptor Parameter |
------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
| #| GW-o | CA-o | CA-t | GW-t |
|==|===============|===============|===============|===============|
| 1| <-|CRCX | | |
| 2| 200(sdp-o)|-> | | |
| 3| | INVITE(sdp-o)|-> | |
| 4| | | CRCX(sdp-o)|-> |
| 5| | | <-|200 (sdp-t) |
| 6| | <-|200(sdp-t) | |
| 7| <-|MDCX(sdp-t) | | |
| 8| 200|-> | | |
|--|---------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| 9| | | |<- ANS/T.30 CED|
|10| | | <- NTFY(gwvbd start)|
|11| | | 200|-> |
|12|NTFY(gwvbd start) -> | | |
|13| <-|200 | | |
|--|---------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
|14| | | | (modem ends) |
|15| | | <- NTFY(gwvbd stop) |
|16| | | 200|-> |
|17|NTFY(gwvbd stop) -> | | |
|18| <-|200 | | |
------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
| #| GW-o | CA-o | CA-t | GW-t |
|==|===============|===============|===============|===============|
| 1| <-|CRCX | | |
| 2| 200(sdp-o)|-> | | |
| 3| | INVITE(sdp-o)|-> | |
| 4| | | CRCX(sdp-o)|-> |
| 5| | | <-|200 (sdp-t) |
| 6| | <-|200(sdp-t) | |
| 7| <-|MDCX(sdp-t) | | |
| 8| 200|-> | | |
|--|---------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| 9| | | |<- ANS/T.30 CED|
|10| | | <- NTFY(gwvbd start)|
|11| | | 200|-> |
|12|NTFY(gwvbd start) -> | | |
|13| <-|200 | | |
|14| | | <- V.21 Preamble|
|15| | | <- NTFY(t38 start)|
|16| | | 200|-> |
|17| | | MDCX(t38)|-> |
|18| | | <-|200(sdp-t2) |
|19| | <-|INVITE(sdp-t2) | |
|20| <-|MDCX(sdp-t2) | | |
|21| 200(sdp-o2)|-> | | |
|22| | 200(sdp-o2)|-> | |
|23| | | MDCX(sdp-o2)|-> |
|24| | | <-|200 |
|25| V.21 Preamble |-> | | |
|26|NTFY(t38 start)|-> | | |
|27| <-|200 | | |
|--|---------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
|28| | | | (fax ends) |
|29| | | <-|NTFY(t38 stop) |
|30| | | 200|-> |
|31|NTFY(t38 stop) |-> | | |
|32| <-|200 | | |
------------------------------------------------------------------
+--------------------------+
| Conference |
| Object |
| Identifier |
+--------------------------+
| xcon:Ji092i@example.com |
+------+-------------------+
|
|
|
+-----------------+---------------+
| |
+-----------+-----------+ +----------+---------+
| CSP Conference IDs | |BFCP 'Conference ID'|
+-----------------------+ +--------------------+
| h323:i092@example.com | | i092 |
| tel:+44(0)2920930033 | +----------+---------+
| sip:i092@example.com | |
+-----------------------+ +-------+--------+
| BFCP 'Floor ID'|
+----------------+
| 543 |
| 236 |
+----------------+
| | | |--<request-user>*
| | | |--<notify-end-of-conference>*
| | | |--<allowed-extend-mixing-end-offset>*
| | ...
| |--<conf-uris>
| | |--<entry>
| | | |--<uri>
| | | |--<display-text>
| | | |--<purpose>
| | | |--<conference-password>*
| | ...
| |--<service-uris>
| | |--<entry>
| | | |--<uri>
| | | |--<display-text>
| | | |--<purpose>
| | ...
| |--<maximum-user-count>
| | ...
| |--<available-media>
| | |--<entry>
| | | |--<display-text>
| | | |--<type>
| | | |--<status>
| | | |--<mixing-mode>*
| | | |--<codecs>*
| | | | |--<codec>*
| | | | | |--<subtype>*
| | | | |--<codec>*
| | | | | |--<subtype>*
| | | | ...
| | | |--<controls>*
| | | | |--<mute>*
| | | | |--<gain>*
| | | | ...
| | |--<entry>
| | | |--<display-text>
| | | |--<type>
| | | |--<status>
| | | |--<mixing-mode>*
| | | |--<codecs>*
| | | | |--<codec>*
| | | | | |--<subtype>*
| | | | |--<codec>*
| | | | | |--<subtype>*
| | | | ...
| | | |--<controls>*
| | | | |--<pause-video>*
...........................
. Conferencing System .
. .
. +--------------+ .
. | Conf. object | .
. | | .
. +--------------+ .
. | .
. v .
. +------------+ .
. |Notification| .
. |Service | .
. +------------+ .
. ^ .
..........|................
|
| Notification
| Protocol
|(notifications following the
| XCON data model)
|
..........|............
. v .
. +------------+ .
. |Notification| .
. | Client | .
. +------------+ .
. .
. Conferencing Client .
.......................
........................................................
. Conferencing System .
. .
. +---------------------------------------+ .
. | C O N F E R E N C E O B J E C T | .
. +-+-------------------------------------+ | .
. | C O N F E R E N C E O B J E C T | | .
. +-+-------------------------------------+ | | .
. | C O N F E R E N C E O B J E C T | | | .
. | | |-+ .
. | |-+ .
. +---------------------------------------+ .
. ^ .
. | .
. v .
. +-------------------+ .
. | Conference Control| .
. | Server | .
. +-------------------+ .
. ^ .
.........................|..............................
|
|Centralized
|Conferencing
|Manipulation
|Protocol
|
.........................|..............................
. V .
. +----------------+ .
. | Conference | .
. | Control | .
. | Client | .
. +----------------+ .
. .
. Conferencing Client .
........................................................
CCMP Client CCMP Server
| |
| CCMP blueprintsRequest message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: (null) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| CCMP blueprintsResponse message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: (null) |
| - response-code: 200 |
| - blueprintsInfo: bp123,bp124,.. |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
. .
. .
CCMP Client CCMP Server
| |
| CCMP blueprintRequest message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: bp123 |
| - operation: retrieve |
| - blueprintInfo: (null) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| CCMP blueprintResponse message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: bp123 |
| - operation: retrieve |
| - response-code: 200 |
| - blueprintInfo: bp123Info |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
. .
. .
CCMP Client CCMP Server
| |
| CCMP confRequest message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: AudioRoom |
| - operation: create |
| - confInfo: (null) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| CCMP confResponse message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: newConfId |
| - operation: create |
| - response-code: 200 |
| - version: 1 |
| - confInfo: newConfInfo |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
. .
. .
CCMP Client CCMP Server
| |
| CCMP confRequest message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: 8977794 |
| - operation: update |
| - confInfo: confUpdates |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| CCMP confResponse message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: 8977794 |
| - operation: update |
| - response-code: 200 |
| - version: 2 |
| - confInfo: (null) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
. .
. .
CCMP Client CCMP Server
| |
| CCMP usersRequest message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: 8977794 |
| - operation: update |
| - usersInfo: usersUpdates |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| CCMP usersResponse message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: 8977794 |
| - operation: update |
| - response-code: 200 |
| - version: 3 |
| - usersInfo: (null) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
. .
. .
CCMP Client CCMP Server
| |
| CCMP userRequest message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: 8977794 |
| - operation: create |
| - userInfo: AliceUserInfo |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| CCMP userResponse message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: 8977794 |
| - operation: create |
| - response-code: 200 |
| - version: 4 |
| - userInfo: (null) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
. .
. .
CCMP Client CCMP Server
| |
| CCMP userRequest message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: 8977794 |
| - operation: create |
| - userInfo: dummyUserID, CiccioUserInfo |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| CCMP optionsResponse message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: 8977794 |
| - operation: create |
| - response-code: 200 |
| - version: 5 |
| - userInfo: userIDCiccio, |
| CiccioUserInfo |
| |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
. .
. .
CCMP Client CCMP Server
| |
| CCMP optionsRequest message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| CCMP userResponse message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - response-code: 200 |
| - options (list of both |
| standard and extended |
| supported messages) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
. .
. .
CCMP Client CCMP Server
| |
| CCMP extendedRequest message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: 8977794 |
| - operation: retrieve |
| - extensionName: confSummaryRequest |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| CCMP extendedResponse message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: 8977794 |
| - operation: retrieve |
| - response-code: 200 |
| - extensionName: |
| confSummaryRequest |
| - confSummary |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
. .
. .
CMCC ConfS
| |
| 1. HTTPS POST (CCMP request) |
|--------------------------------------------->|
| |
| |--+ Parse request,
| | | update object
| |<-+ and reply
| |
| 2. 200 OK (CCMP response) |
|<---------------------------------------------|
| |
|--+ Parse response and |
| | update local copy |
|<-+ of conference object |
| |
' '
' '
CMCC ConfS UAC
| | |
| | 1. SIP SUBSCRIBE |
| |<--------------------------|
| Handle +--| |
| new | | |
| subscription +->| 2. SIP 200 OK |
| |-------------------------->|
| | |
' ' '
' ' '
| | |
| 3. CCMP (add user) | |
|---------------------->| |
| |--+ Add user |
| | | to conf. |
| |<-+ object |
| 4. CCMP (success) | |
|<----------------------| |
| | 5. SIP NOTIFY (changes) |
| |-------------------------->|
| | 6. SIP 200 OK |
| |<--------------------------|
| | |
' ' '
' ' '
CMCC1 CMCC2 CMCCx ConfS MS
| | | | |
|(1)confRequest(confUserID, create) | |
|-------------------------------------->| |
| | (a)Create +---| |
| | |Conf | | |
| | |Object | | |
| | |& IDs +-->| |
| | | | A1. CONTROL |
| | | |+++++++++++>>|
| | | |(create conf)|--+ (b)
| | | | | | create
| | | | | | conf and
| | | | A2. 200 OK |<-+ its ID
| | | |<<+++++++++++|
| | | |(confid=Y) |
|(2)confResponse(confUserID,confObjID, | |
| create, 200, success, | |
| version, confInfo) | |
|<--------------------------------------| |
| | | | |
| | (c) Focus +---| |
| | sets up | | |
| | signaling | | |
| | to CMCC1 +-->| |
| | | | |
| | | | B1. CONTROL |
| | | |+++++++++++>>|
| | | | (join CMCC1 |
| | | | <->confY) |
| | | | |
| | | | |--+(d) join
| | | | | | CMCC1 &
| | | | B2.200 OK |<-+ conf Y
| | | |<<+++++++++++|
| | | | |
|<<#################################################>>|
| Now the CMCC1 is mixed in the conference |
|<<#################################################>>|
| | | | |
|******CMCC1 may then manipulate conference data *****|
|****** and add addt'l users, etc. | *****|
' ' ' ' '
' ' ' ' '
' ' ' ' '
CMCC Alice ConfS
| |
| (1) blueprintsRequest |
| (confUserID,xpathFilter) |
|------------------------------>|
| |
| (2) blueprintsResponse |
| (confUserID, |
| 200, success, |
| blueprintsInfo) |
| |
|<------------------------------|
| |
|--+ |
| | choose preferred |
| | blueprint from the |
| | list (blueprintName) |
|<-+ |
| |
| (3) blueprintRequest |
| (confUserID,confObjID, |
| retrieve) |
|------------------------------>|
| |
| 4) blueprintResponse |
| (confUserID,confObjID,|
| retrieve, 200, |
| success, confInfo) |
|<------------------------------|
| |
| (5) confRequest(confUserID, |
| confObjID,create) |
|------------------------------>|
| |
| (a)Create +---|
| Conf | |
| Object | |
| & IDs +-->|
| |--+ (b) MS
| | | creates
| | | conf and
| |<-+ its ID
| | (confid=Y)
|(6) confResponse |
| (confUserID, confObjID*, |
| create, 200, success) |
|<------------------------------|
| |
Alice Bob Carol ConfS
| | | |
| | | |
|(1)confRequest(confUserID, | |
| create, confInfo) | |
| | | |
|-------------------------------------->|
| | | |
| | (a)Create +---|
| | |Conf | |
| | |Object | |
| | |& IDs +-->|
| | | |--+ (b) MS
| | | | | creates
| | | | | conf and
| | | |<-+ its ID
| | | | (confid=Y)
|(2)confResponse(confUserID,| |
| confObjID, create, | |
| 200, success, version) |
|<--------------------------------------|
| | | |
===========================================
... ... ... ...
========== START TIME OCCURS ==============
| | (c) Focus +---|
| | sets up | |
| | signaling | |
| | to Alice +-->|
| | | |
| | | |--+(d) MS joins
| | | | | Alice &
| | | |<-+ conf Y
| | | |
| | | |
|<<###################################>>|
| Alice is mixed in the conference |
|<<###################################>>|
| | | |
| | (e)Focus +---|
| | sets up | |
| | signaling | |
| | to Bob | |
| | | +-->|
| | | |
| | | |--+(f)MS joins
| | | | | Bob &
| | | |<-+ conf Y
| | | |
| |<<###################>>|
| | Bob is mixed too |
| |<<###################>>|
| | | |
| | (g )Focus +---|
| | sets up | |
| | signaling | |
| | to Carol | |
| | CMCCx +-->|
| | | |
| | | |--+(h)MS joins
| | | | | CMCCx &
| | | |<-+ conf Y
| | | |
| | |<<#######>>|
| | |Carol mixed|
| | |<<#######>>|
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
|<***All parties connected to conf Y***>|
| | | |
| | | |
' ' ' '
' ' ' '
' ' ' '
Alice ConfS
| |
|(1)confRequest(confUserID, |
| confObjID, create) |
|------------------------------>|
| (a)Create +---|
| Conf | |
| Object | |
| & IDs +-->|
| |--+ (b) MS
| | | creates
| | | conf and
| |<-+ its ID
| | (confid=Y)
| |
|(2)confResponse(confUserID, |
| confObjID*,create, |
| 200, success, |
| version, confInfo) |
| |
|<------------------------------|
| |
' '
Alice Bob
CMCC1 CMCC2 CMCCx ConfS
| | | |
|(1) userRequest(confUserID,| |
| confObjID, create, | |
| userInfo) | | |
|-------------------------------------->|
| | | |
| | (a) Create +---|
| | | Bob | |
| | | as a | |
| | | user +-->|
| | | |
|(2) userResponse(confUserID, confObjID |
| create, 200, success, userInfo) |
|<--------------------------------------|
| | | |
| | | (b) Focus |
| | | sets up |
| | | signaling |
| | | to Bob |
| |<----------------------|
| | | |
| | | (c) Notify|
| | | ("Bob just|
| | | joined") |
| | |<----------|
| | | |
' ' ' '
' ' ' '
' ' ' '
Alice Bob
CMCC1 CMCC2 CMCCx ConfS MS
| | | | |
|(1) userRequest(subject, | | |
| confUserID,confObjID, | | |
| update,userInfo) | | |
| | | | |
|--------------------------------------->| |
| | | | Mute Bob |
| | | |----------------->|
| | | | 200 OK |
| | | |<-----------------|
| | | | |
| |<====== XXX Bob excluded from mix XXX ====>|
| | | | |
| | (a) Update +---| |
| | Bob in | | |
| | data model | | |
| | (muted) +-->| |
| | | | |
| (2)userResponse(confUserID,confObjID, | |
| update,200,success,version) | |
|<---------------------------------------| |
| | | | |
| | | (b) Notify | |
| | | ("Bob is | |
| | | muted") | |
| | |<-----------| |
| | | | |
' ' ' ' '
' ' ' ' '
' ' ' ' '
CMCC Alice ConfS MS
| | |
|(1)userRequest(confObjID, | |
| create,userInfo) | |
|--------------------------->| |
| |--+ Alice is |
| | | new in the |
| |<-+ system (create |
| | confUserID) |
| ConfS handles +--| |
| SIP signaling | | |
| (Alice<->ConfS<->MS) +->| |
| | |
| |--+ A password is |
| | | required for |
| |<-+ that conference |
| | |
| | Request IVR menu (PIN) |
| |--------------------------->|
| | |
|<========= MS gets PIN from Alice through DTMF =========>|
| | |
| | Provided PIN is... |
| |<---------------------------|
| Check +--| |
| PIN | | |
| +->| |
| |--+ Alice must |
| | | record her |
| |<-+ name |
| | |
| | Request name recording |
| |--------------------------->|
| | |
|<========= MS records Alice's audio RTP (name) =========>|
| | |
| | Audio recording |
| |<---------------------------|
| Complete +--| |
| creation | | |
| of Alice +->| |
| | |
| | |
| (2)userResponse(confUserID,| |
| confObjID,create,200,| |
| success,version) | |
|<---------------------------| |
| | |
' ' '
Alice Bob ConfS
| | |
|(1) sidebarByValRequest(confUserID, |
| confObjID,create) |
|--------------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | (a) Create +---|
| | sidebar-by-val | |
| | (new conf obj | |
| | cloned from +-->|
| | confObjID) | Sidebar now has
| | | id confObjID*
|(2) sidebarByValResponse(confUserID, | (parent mapping
| (confObjID*,create,200,success, | conf<->sidebar)
| version,sidebarByValInfo) |
|<---------------------------------------------|
| | |
|(3) sidebarByValRequest |
| (confUserID, confObjID*, |
| update,sidebarByValInfo) |
|--------------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | (b) Update +---|
| | sidebar-by-val | |
| | (media, users | |
| | etc.) +-->|
| | | Sidebar is
| | | modified
|(4) sidebarByValResponse(confUserID, |
| confObjID*, update, |
| 200, success, version) |
|<---------------------------------------------|
| | |
| |(5) userRequest |
| | (confUserID', |
| | confObjID*, |
| | update,userInfo)|
| |---------------------->|
| | |
| | (c) Update +---|
| | user settings | |
| | (Bob's media) | |
| | +-->|
| | | Sidebar is modified
| | | (original audio
| | | inactive for Bob)
| |(6) userResponse |
| | (confUserID', |
| | confObjID*, |
| | update, 200, |
| | success,version) |
| |<----------------------|
| | |
' ' '
' ' '
' ' '
Alice Bob ConfS
| | |
|(1) sidebarByRefRequest(confUserID, |
| confObjID, create) |
|--------------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | (a) Create +---|
| | sidebar-by-ref | |
| | (new conf obj | |
| | cloned from +-->|
| | confObjID) | Sidebar now has
| | | id confObjID*
|(2) sidebarByRefResponse(confUserID, | (parent mapping
| confObjID*,create,200,success, | conf<->sidebar)
| version,sidebarByRefInfo) |
|<---------------------------------------------|
| | |
|(3) sidebarByRefRequest(confUserID, |
| confObjID*,update,sidebarByRefInfo) |
|--------------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | (b) Create +---|
| | new user for | |
| | Fred | |
| | +-->|
| | |
| | (c) Update +---|
| | sidebar-by-ref | |
| | (media, users | |
| | policy, etc.) +-->|
| | | Sidebar is modified:
| | | media from the
| | | parent conference is
| | | not available to
|(4) sidebarByRefResponse(confUserID, | anyone
| confObjID*, update, |
| 200, success, version) |
|<---------------------------------------------|
| | |
| | Notify (Fred |
| | added to |
| | sidebar users) |
| |<----------------------|
| | |
' ' '
' ' '
' ' '
Alice Bob ConfS
| | |
|(1) sidebarByRefRequest(confUserID, |
| confObjID, create) |
|--------------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | (a) Create +---|
| | sidebar-by-ref | |
| | (new conf obj | |
| | cloned from +-->|
| | confObjID) | Sidebar now has
| | | id confObjID*
|(2) sidebarByRefResponse(confUserID, | (parent mapping
| confObjID*,create,200,success, | conf<->sidebar)
| version,sidebarByRefInfo) |
|<---------------------------------------------|
| | |
|(3) sidebarByRefRequest(confUserID, |
| confObjID*,update,sidebarByRefInfo) |
|--------------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | (b) Update +---|
| | sidebar-by-val | |
| | (media, users | |
| | policy, etc.) +-->|
| | | Sidebar is modified:
| | | unilateral sidebar
| | | audio, Carol excluded
| | | from the sidebar
|(4) sidebarByRefResponse(confUserID, |
| confObjID*, update, |
| 200, success, version) |
|<---------------------------------------------|
| | |
| | Notify (Bob |
| | he's been added to |
| | sidebar users) |
| |<----------------------|
| | |
' ' '
' ' '
' ' '
Alice Bob Claire ConfS
| | | |
|(1) userRequest(confUserID,| |
| confObjID, delete,| |
| userInfo) | |
|-------------------------------------->|
| | | |
| | | (a) Focus |
| | | tears down|
| | | signaling |
| | | to Bob |
| |<----------------------|
| | |
| | (b)Deletes+---|
| | | Bob | |
| | | as a | |
| | | user +-->|
| | | in |
| | | confObj |
| | | |
|(2) userResponse(confUserID,confObjID, |
| delete,200,success,version) |
|<--------------------------------------|
| | | |
| | | |
| | | (c) Notify|
| | | ("Bob just|
| | | left") |
| | |<----------|
| | | |
' ' ' '
' ' ' '
' ' ' '
Alice ConfS
| |
|(1)confRequest(confUserID, |
| confObjID, delete) |
|------------------------------>|
| (a)Delete +---|
| Conf | |
| Object | |
| +-->|
| |--+ (b) MS
| | | removes related
| | | mixer instances and
| |<-+ their participants
| | (SIP signaling as well)
| |
|(2)confResponse(confUserID, |
| confObjID,delete,200, |
| success) |
| |
|<------------------------------|
| |
' '
+-----------------------+-----------+
| | |
| | |
| | 2 |
| | |
| | |
| 1 +-----------+
| | |
| | |
| | 3 |
| | |
| | |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| | | |
| | | |
| 4 | 5 | 6 |
| | | |
| | | |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+
+-------+---------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| Code | Summary | Description | Informational: AS |
| | | | Possible Recovery |
| | | | Action |
+-------+---------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| 200 | OK | request has | |
| | | succeeded. | |
| | | | |
| 400 | Syntax error | request is | Change the request |
| | | syntactically | so that it is |
| | | invalid: it is not | syntactically |
| | | valid with respect | valid. |
| | | to the XML schema | |
| | | specified in | |
| | | Section 5 or it | |
| | | violates a | |
| | | co-occurrence | |
| | | constraint for a | |
| | | request element | |
| | | defined in | |
| | | Section 4. | |
| | | | |
| 405 | Conference | request uses an | Send an <audit> |
| | already | identifier to create | request |
| | exists | a new conference | (Section 4.3.1) |
| | | (Section 4.2.1.1) | requesting the |
| | | that is already used | list of conference |
| | | by another | mixer identifiers |
| | | conference on the | already used by |
| | | MS. | the MS and then |
| | | | use a conference |
| | | | identifier that is |
| | | | not listed. |
| | | | |
| 406 | Conference | request uses an | Send an <audit> |
| | does not | identifier for a | request |
| | exist | conference that does | (Section 4.3.1) |
| | | not exist on the MS. | requesting the |
| | | | list of conference |
| | | | mixer identifiers |
| | | | used by the MS and |
| | | | then use a |
| | | | conference |
| | | | identifier that is |
| | | | listed. |
| | | | |
| 426 | Unable to | request to join | |
| | join - mixing | connection entities | |
| | connections | (Section 4.2.2.2) | |
| | not supported | failed due to lack | |
| | | of support for | |
| | | mixing connections. | |
| | | | |
| 427 | Unable to | request to join | |
| | join - mixing | conference entities | |
| | conferences | (Section 4.2.2.2) | |
| | not supported | failed due to lack | |
| | | of support for | |
| | | mixing conferences. | |
| | | | |
| 428 | Unsupported | the request contains | |
| | foreign | attributes or | |
| | namespace | elements from | |
| | attribute or | another namespace | |
| | element | that the MS does not | |
| | | support. | |
| | | | |
| 435 | Other | request requires | |
| | unsupported | another capability | |
| | capability | not supported by the | |
| | | MS. | |
+-------+---------------+----------------------+--------------------+
Application Server (AS) Media Server (MS)
| |
| (1) CONTROL: <createconference> |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (2) 202 |
| <--------------------------------------- |
| |
| |
| (3) REPORT: <response status="200"/> |
| (terminate) |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
| (4) 200 |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (5) CONTROL: <join id1=.. id2=..> |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (6) 202 |
| <--------------------------------------- |
| |
| (7) REPORT: <response status="200"/> |
| (terminate) |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
| (8) 200 |
| ----------------------------------------> |
Application Server (AS) Media Server (MS)
| |
| (1) CONTROL: <event ...> |
| <--------------------------------------- |
| |
| (4) 200 |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
Application Server (AS) Media Server (MS)
| |
| (1) CONTROL: <destroyconference> |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (2) 200: <response status="200"/> |
| <--------------------------------------- |
| |
| (3) CONTROL: <event ..> |
| (unjoin-notify) |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
| (4) 200 |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (5) CONTROL: <event ..> |
| (conferenceexit) |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
| (6) 200 |
| ----------------------------------------> |
CE1---C-RP
|
|
CE2---PE1-- ... --PE2---CE5---C-S
...
C-R1---CE3---PE3-- ... --PE4---CE4---C-R2
+---------------+
| P-IP Header |
+---------------+
| GRE |
++=============++ ++=============++ ++=============++
|| C-IP Header || || C-IP Header || || C-IP Header ||
++=============++ >>>>> ++=============++ >>>>> ++=============++
|| C-Payload || || C-Payload || || C-Payload ||
++=============++ ++=============++ ++=============++
+---------------+
| P-IP Header |
++=============++ ++=============++ ++=============++
|| C-IP Header || || C-IP Header || || C-IP Header ||
++=============++ >>>>> ++=============++ >>>>> ++=============++
|| C-Payload || || C-Payload || || C-Payload ||
++=============++ ++=============++ ++=============++
+---------------+
| P-MPLS Header |
++=============++ ++=============++ ++=============++
|| C-IP Header || || C-IP Header || || C-IP Header ||
++=============++ >>>>> ++=============++ >>>>> ++=============++
|| C-Payload || || C-Payload || || C-Payload ||
++=============++ ++=============++ ++=============++
B4 NAS AAA
| | Server
| | |
|----PPP LCP Config-Request------> | |
| | |
| |----Access-Request ---->|
| | |
| |<---- Access-Accept-----|
| | (DS-Lite-Tunnel-Name) |
|<-----PPP LCP Config-ACK ------- | |
| | |
| | |
|--- PPP IPv6CP Config-Request --->| |
| | |
|<----- PPP IPv6CP Config-ACK -----| |
| | |
|------- DHCPv6 Solicit -------->| |
| | |
|<-------DHCPv6 Advertisement -----| |
| (DHCPv6 OPTION_AFTR_NAME) | |
| | |
|------- DHCPv6 Request -------->| |
| | |
|<-------- DHCPv6 Reply ---------- | |
| (DHCPv6 OPTION_AFTR_NAME) | |
B4 NAS AAA
| | Server
|------ DHCPv6 Solicit ---------> | |
| | |
| |----Access-Request ---->|
| | |
| |<---Access-Accept-------|
| | (DS-Lite-Tunnel-Name) |
| | |
|<-------DHCPv6 Advertisement------| |
| (DHCPv6 OPTION_AFTR_NAME) | |
| | |
|------- DHCPv6 Request -------->| |
| | |
| | |
|<----- DHCPv6 Reply ------------- | |
| (DHCPv6 OPTION_AFTR_NAME) | |
+----------------------------+
| Virtual Operator Backend |
+------------+ +-----+
| Home Agent | | AAA |
+------------+---------+-----+
|
.--.
_(. `)
_( ISP `)_
( Peering `)
( ` . Point ) )
`--(_______)--'
____ / | \
/ | \
.--. .--. .--.
_( `. _( `. _( `.
( ISP A ) ( ISP B ) ( ISP C )
( ` . ) ) ( ` . ) ) ( ` . ) )
`--(___.-' `--(___.-' `--(___.-'
| ______/ \ /
| / \ /
| / \ /
+----+ +----+
|MR A| |MR B|
+----+ +----+
| |
.--. .--.
_( `. _( `.
( Site A ) ( Site B )
( ` . ) ) ( ` . ) )
`--(___.-' `--(___.-'
0 1 2 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2
+-------------------------------------------------------------+-+-+-+-+
|1|1|0|0|0|0|0|0|.|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|.|0|0|0|0|0|0|1|0|.|0|1|0|0|0|0|0|0|
+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+-+-+-+-+-+-+
^ ^
+--- encoded ---+
^ ^
+-- padding --+
192.0.2.128/25, D = 1
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------------+
| [MR A] | | [MR B] | | [MR C] | | [Home Agent] |
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------------+
| | | |
x------------------------------->| Registration Request
| | | | includes Mobile Router
| | | | Route Optimization
| | | | Capability Extension
| | | |
|<-------------------------------x Registration response;
| | | | no known networks from HA
| | | | in response
| | | |
| x-------------------->| Registration Request similar
| | | | to the one sent by MR A
| | | |
| |<--------------------x Registration Reply includes
| | | | network A in Route Optimization
| | | | Prefix Advertisement Extension
| | | |
| | x--------->| Registration Request similar
| | | | to the one sent by MR A
| | | |
| | |<---------x Registration Reply includes
| | | | networks A and B in Route
| | | | Optimization Prefix
| | | | Advertisement Extension.
| | | | Network B is sent in
| | | | compressed form.
| | | |
+----------+ +--------+ +------+ +--------+ +----------+
| [Node A] | | [MR A] | | [HA] | | [MR C] | | [Node C] |
+----------+ +--------+ +------+ +--------+ +----------+
| | | | |
x------------O==========O=========O------>| Mobile Router A is
| | | | | unaware of network C;
| | | | | thus, nothing happens
| | | | |
|<-----------O==========O=========O-------x Mobile Router C
| | | | | notices packet to
| | | | | network A - begins
| | | | | route optimization
| | | | |
| | | | | Return Routability (if
| | | | | no pre-shared KRms)
| | | | |
| |<=========O---------x | CoTI
| |<=========O=========x | HoTI
| | | | |
| x==========O-------->| | CoT
| x==========O========>| | HoT
| | | | |
| | | | | KRm between MR A <-> C
| | | | | established
| | | | |
| |<=========O---------x | Registration Request
| | | | |
| x--------->| | | Registration Request
| | | | | to HA due to MR A
| | | | | being unaware of
| | | | | network C.
| | | | | Solicit bit set.
| | | | |
| |<---------x | | Registration Reply
| | | | | contains info on
| | | | | network A
| | | | |
| x==========O-------->| | Registration Reply
| | | | | includes MR A's CoA in
| | | | | Care-of Address
| | | | | Extension
| | | | |
| |<= = = = =O= = = ==>| | Optional mutual
| | | | | registration from
| | | | | MR A to MR C
| | | | | (same procedure as above,
| | | | | multiple packets);
| | | | | possible keepalive checks
| | | | |
|<-----------O=-=-=-==-=-=-=-==-=-O-------x Packet from Node C -> A
| | | | | routed to direct tunnel
| | | | | at MR C, based on
| | | | | MR C now knowing MR A's
| | | | | CoA and tunnel being up
| | | | |
x------------O=-=-=-==-=-=-=-==-=-O------>| Packet from Node A -> C
| | | | | routed to direct tunnel
| | | | | at MR A, based on MR A
| | | | | now knowing MR C's CoA
| | | | | and tunnel being up
+----------+ +--------+ +------+ +--------+ +----------+
| [Node A] | | [MR A] | | [HA] | | [MR C] | | [Node C] |
+----------+ +--------+ +------+ +--------+ +----------+
| | | | |
x------------O=-=-=-==-=-=-=-==-=-O------>| Nodes A and C are
|<-----------O=-=-=-==-=-=-=-==-=-O-------x exchanging traffic
| | | | |
| | xxxxxxxxxxx | Break occurs: MR C
| | | | | loses connectivity to
| | | | | current attachment point
| | | | |
x------------O=-=-=-==-=-=-=->x | | Traffic from A -> C
| | | | | lost, and
| | | x<=-=-O-------x vice versa
| | | | |
| | |<--------x | MR C finds a new
| | | | | point of attachment,
| | | | | registers with the HA,
| | | | | clears routing tables
| | | | |
| | x-------->| | Registration Reply
| | | | |
x------------O=-=-=-==-=-=-=->x | | Traffic from A -> C lost
| | | | | (reverts to routing via
| | | | | HA if enough keepalives
| | | | | fail)
| | | | |
|<-----------O==========O=========O-------| Traffic from C -> A
| | | | | sent via HA
| | | | |
| O<=========O---------x | CoTI message
| | | | | (partial RR check)
| | | | |
| x==========O-------->| | CoT message
| | | | |
| |<=========O---------x | Registration Request
| | | | | reusing newly calculated
| | | | | KRm
| | | | |
| x==========O-------->| | Registration Reply
| | | | |
| O<=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=x | First keepalive check if
| | | | | using UDP encapsulation;
| | | | | also creates holes in
| x=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=>| | firewalls
| | | | |
| | | | |
x------------O=-=-=-==-=-=-=-==-=-O------>| Traffic from A -> C
| | | | | forwarded directly again
| | | | |
|<-----------O=-=-=-==-=-=-=-==-=-O-------x Traffic from C -> A
| | | | | switches back to direct
| | | | | tunnel
| | | | |
E-A E-Z
----------[RE-CONFIG(OUT-REQ:X/1,2)]---------->
<-------------[RE-CONFIG(RESP:X)]--------------
E-A E-Z
-----------[RE-CONFIG(IN-REQ:X/1,2)]---------->
<--------[RE-CONFIG(OUT-REQ:Y,X/1,2)]----------
-------------[RE-CONFIG(RESP:Y)]-------------->
E-A E-Z
-----[RE-CONFIG(OUT-REQ:X,Y-1|IN-REQ:X+1)]---->
<------[RE-CONFIG(RESP:X|OUT-REQ:Y,X+1)]-------
-------------[RE-CONFIG(RESP:Y)]-------------->
E-A E-Z
------------[RE-CONFIG(TSN-REQ:X)]------------>
<-----[RE-CONFIG(RESP:X/S-TSN=A, R-TSN=B)]-----
E-A E-Z
--------[RE-CONFIG(ADD_OUT_STRMS:X/3)]-------->
<-------------[RE-CONFIG(RESP:X)]--------------
E-A E-Z
---------[RE-CONFIG(ADD_IN_STRMS:X/3)]-------->
<----[RE-CONFIG(ADD_OUT_STRMS-REQ:Y,X/3)]------
-------------[RE-CONFIG(RESP:Y)]-------------->
+--------+ +---------+ +--------+
| | | | | |
stream 10 ----| Data | . . . | Data |---| Data |---...
| 257 | | 257 | | 256 |
| PR| | PR| | FR|
+--------+ +---------+ +--------+
+----------+ +-------------+
| | | Reliability |
| | | Options |
...---| Template |-------| Template |------>
| 257 | | 256 |
| FR| | FR|
+----------+ +-------------+
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| | | | | |
stream 20 ----| Data |...| Data |-----| Data |--- ...
| 260 | | 260 | | 259 |
| PR| | PR| | FR|
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+
+--------+ +----------+
| | | |
...---| Data |-------| Template |---...
| 258 | | 260 |
| FR| | FR|
+--------+ +----------+
+----------+ +-------------+
| Options | | Reliability |
| Template | | Options |
...---| |-------| Template |------>
| 259 | | 258 |
| FR| | FR|
+----------+ +-------------+
+--------+ +----------+ +----------+
| | |Data | | |
stream 30 ... ---| Data |...| 261 |-----| Template |---
| 262 | |tmpID: 262| | 262 |
| PR| |dRR: False| | FR|
+--------+ +----------+ +----------+
+----------+ +--------+ +----------+
| Template | | | | Data |
...| Withdraw |-----| Data |-------| 261 |---...
| 262 | | 262 | |tmpID: 262|
| FR| | FR| |dRR: True|
+----------+ +--------+ +----------+
+----------+ +-------------+
| | | Reliability |
| Template | | Options |
...---| |-------| Template |------>
| 262 | | 261 |
| FR| | FR|
+----------+ +-------------+
+------+ +------+
| VR1 | | VR2 |
| | | |
+------+ +------+
| |
Intf = I1 Intf = I2
IP A | IP X IP B | IP Y
IP C | | IP Z
VRID = 1 | VRID=2 VRID=2 | VRID = 1
| |
----+------+------+-+-------+--------+--------++------+--------+---
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
| | | | | | | |
(IP A) (IP A) (IP B) (IP B) (IP X) (IP X) (IP Y) (IP Y)
| | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| H1 | | H2 | | H3 | | H4 | | H5 | | H6 | | H7 | | H8 |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
8* 32 32 8
+----------------------------------------------+
| STR | send socket | receive socket | size |
+----------------------------------------------+
8 32 32 8
+----------------------------------------------+
| RTS | receive socket | send socket | link |
+----------------------------------------------+
8 32 32
+-----+-------------+-------------+
| CLS | my socket | your socket |
+-----+-------------+-------------+
8 8 16 32
+------------------------------------+
| ALL | link | msg space | bit space |
+------------------------------------+
8 8 16 32
+------------------------------------+
| RET | link | msg space | bit space |
+------------------------------------+
|<---------------------------32 bits--------------------------->|
|<----8 bits--->|<----8 bits--->|<-----------16 bits----------->|
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| LEADER |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------|
| | | |
| FIELD M1 | FIELD S | FIELD C |
| | | |
+---------------+---------------+-------------------------------+
| | ^ |
| FIELD M2 | | |
| | | |
+---------------+ | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| TEXT |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | +--------------------+
| | | |
| | | FIELD M3 |
| V | |
+-----------------------------------+------+--------------------+
| |
| 10-----------------0 |<-------PADDING
| |
+-----------------------------------+
8 32 32 8
+----------------------------------------------+
| RTS | receive socket | send socket | link |
+----------------------------------------------+
8 32 32 8
+----------------------------------------------+
| STR | send socket | receive socket | size |
+----------------------------------------------+
8 32 32
+-----+-------------+-------------+
| CLS | my socket | your socket |
+-----+-------------+-------------+
8 8 16 32
+------------------------------------+
| ALL | link | msg space | bit space |
+------------------------------------+
8 8 8 8
+----------------------+
| GVB | link | fm | fb |
+----------------------+
^ ^
| +--- bit fraction
+-------- message fraction
8 8 16 32
+------------------------------------+
| RET | link | msg space | bit space |
+------------------------------------+
8 8 80
+-----+------+---------------------------- ~ -------------+
| ERR | code | data |
+-----+------+---------------------------- ~ -------------+
8 32 32 8
+----------------------------------------------+
| RTS | receive socket | send socket | link |
+----------------------------------------------+
8 32 32 8
+----------------------------------------------+
| STR | send socket | receive socket | size |
+----------------------------------------------+
8 32 32
+-----+-------------+-------------+
| CLS | my socket | your socket |
+-----+-------------+-------------+
8 8 16 32
+------------------------------------+
| ALL | link | msg space | bit space |
+------------------------------------+
8 8 8 8
+----------------------+
| GVB | link | fm | fb |
+----------------------+
8 8 16 32
+------------------------------------+
| RET | link | msg space | bit space |
+------------------------------------+
8 8 80
+-----+------+---------------------------- ~ -------------+
| ERR | code | data |
+-----+------+---------------------------- ~ -------------+
+----------------------------------------------+
| +------------------------------------------+ |
| | | |
| | IPv4 applications | |
| | | |
| +------------------------------------------+ |
| +------------------------------------------+ |
| | Socket API (IPv4, IPv6) | |
| +------------------------------------------+ |
| +-[ API translator]------------------------+ |
| | +-----------+ +---------+ +------------+ | |
| | | Ext. Name | | Address | | Function | | |
| | | Resolver | | Mapper | | Mapper | | |
| | +-----------+ +---------+ +------------+ | |
| +------------------------------------------+ |
| +--------------------+ +-------------------+ |
| | | | | |
| | TCP(UDP)/IPv4 | | TCP(UDP)/IPv6 | |
| | | | | |
| +--------------------+ +-------------------+ |
+----------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| +------------------------------------------+ |
| | IPv4 applications | |
| | Host's main DNS resolver | |
| +------------------------------------------+ |
| +------------------------------------------+ |
| | TCP/UDP | |
| +------------------------------------------+ |
| +------------------------------------------+ +---------+ |
| | IPv4 | | | |
| +------------------------------------------+ | Address | |
| +------------------+ +---------------------+ | Mapper | |
| | Protocol | | Extension Name | | | |
| | Translator | | Resolver | | | |
| +------------------+ +---------------------+ | | |
| +------------------------------------------+ | | |
| | IPv4 / IPv6 | | | |
| +------------------------------------------+ +---------+ |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
+----+ +-------------+
| H1 |----------- IPv6 Internet -------- | IPv6 server |
+----+ +-------------+
v4 only
application
+----------------------+ +------------------------------+
| Dual-Stack Internet | | IPv4 Private site (Net 10) |
| | | IPv6 routed site |
| +---------+ +----------+ |
| +-| NAT44 |-------------+ | |
| +----+ | +---------+ | | |
| | H1 |---------+ | | | Server | |
| +----+ | +-----------+ | | |
| v4-only +-|IPv6 Router|-----------+ | |
| application +-----------+ +----------+ |
| | | Dual Stack |
| | | 10.1.1.1 |
| | | 2001:DB8::1 |
+----------------------+ +------------------------------+
"dual stack" "host6"
IPv4 Socket | [ API Translator ] | TCP(UDP)/IP Name
appli- API | ENR Address Function| (v6/v4) Server
cation | Mapper Mapper |
| | | | | | | |
<<Resolve IPv4 addresses for "host6".>> | | |
| | | | | | | |
|------->|------->| Query IPv4 addresses for host6. | |
| | | | | | | |
| | |------------------------------------------------->|
| | | Query 'A' and 'AAAA' records for host6 |
| | | | | | | |
| | |<-------------------------------------------------|
| | | Reply with the 'AAAA' record. | |
| | | | | | |
| | |<<The 'AAAA' record is resolved.>> |
| | | | | | |
| | |+++++++>| Request synthetic IPv4 address |
| | | | corresponding to the IPv6 address.
| | | | | | |
| | | |<<Assign one synthetic IPv4 address.>>
| | | | | | |
| | |<+++++++| Reply with the synthetic IPv4 address.
| | | | | | |
|<-------|<-------| Reply with the IPv4 address |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
<<Call IPv4 Socket API function >> | | |
| | | | | | |
|=======>|=========================>|An IPv4 Socket API action
| | | | | | |
| | | |<+++++++| Request IPv6 addresses|
| | | | | corresponding to the |
| | | | | synthetic IPv4 addresses.
| | | | | | |
| | | |+++++++>| Reply with the IPv6 addresses.
| | | | | | |
| | | | |<<Translate IPv4 into IPv6.>>
| | | | | | |
| An IPv6 Socket API action |=======================>|
| | | | | | |
| | | | |<<IPv6 data received |
| | | | | from network.>> |
| | | | | | |
| An IPv6 Socket API action |<=======================|
| | | | | | |
| | | | |<<Translate IPv6 into IPv4.>>
| | | | | | |
| | | |<+++++++| Request synthetic IPv4 addresses
| | | | | corresponding to the |
| | | | | IPv6 addresses. |
| | | | | | |
| | | |+++++++>| Reply with the IPv4 addresses.
| | | | | | |
|<=======|<=========================| An IPv4 Socket API action
| | | | | | |
"dual stack" "host6"
IPv4 stub TCP/ ENR address translator IPv6
app res. IPv4 mapper
| | | | | | | |
<<Resolve an IPv4 address for "host6".>> | |
|-->| | | | | | |
| |----------->| Query 'A' records for "host6". | Name
| | | | | | | | Server
| | | |------------------------------------------->|
| | | | Query 'A' and 'AAAA' records for "host6"
| | | | | | | | |
| | | |<-------------------------------------------|
| | | | Reply only with 'AAAA' record. |
| | | | | | | |
| | | |<<Only 'AAAA' record is resolved.>> |
| | | | | | | |
| | | |-------->| Request synthetic IPv4 address
| | | | | corresponding to each IPv6 address.
| | | | | | | |
| | | | |<<Assign synthetic IPv4 addresses.>>
| | | | | | | |
| | | |<--------| Reply with the synthetic IPv4 address.
| | | | | | | |
| | | |<<Create 'A' record for the IPv4 address.>>
| | | | | | | |
| |<-----------| Reply with the 'A' record. | |
| | | | | | | |
|<--|<<Reply with the IPv4 address | | |
| | | | | | | |
<<Send an IPv4 packet to "host6".>>| | |
| | | | | | | |
|=======>|========================>| An IPv4 packet. |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | |<++++++| Request IPv6 addresses
| | | | | | corresponding to the
| | | | | | synthetic IPv4 addresses.
| | | | | | | |
| | | | |++++++>| Reply with the IPv6|
| | | | | | addresses. |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | |<<Translate IPv4 into IPv6.>>
| | | | | | | |
| | | |An IPv6 packet. |==========>|========>|
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | <<Reply with an IPv6 packet.>>
| | | | | | | |
| | | |An IPv6 packet. |<==========|<========|
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | |<<Translate IPv6 into IPv4.>>
| | | | | | | |
| | | | |<++++++| Request synthetic IPv4
| | | | | | addresses corresponding
| | | | | | to the IPv6 addresses.
| | | | | | | |
| | | | |++++++>| Reply with the IPv4 addresses.
| | | | | | | |
|<=======|=========================| An IPv4 packet. |
| | | | | | | |
+-------------+ +-------------+
client | protocol | | data node |
request --> | operation | -------------> | access |
| allowed? | datastore | allowed? |
+-------------+ or state +-------------+
data access
+----------------+
| notification |
event --> | allowed? |
+----------------+
+-------------------------+
| session |
| (username) |
+-------------------------+
| ^
V |
+--------------+ +---------------+
| message | | message |
| dispatcher | | generator |
+--------------+ +---------------+
| ^ ^
V | |
+===========+ +-------------+ +----------------+
| <rpc> |---> | <rpc-reply> | | <notification> |
| acc. ctl | | generator | | generator |
+===========+ +-------------+ +----------------+
| ^ ^ ^
V +------+ | |
+-----------+ | +=============+ +================+
| <rpc> | | | read | | <notification> |
| processor |-+ | data node | | access ctl |
| | | acc. ctl | | |
+-----------+ +=============+ +================+
| | ^ ^
V +----------------+ | |
+===========+ | | |
| write | | | |
| data node | | | |
| acc. ctl | -----------+ | | |
+===========+ | | | |
| | | | |
V V V | |
+---------------+ +-----------------+
| configuration | ---> | server |
| datastore | | instrumentation |
| | <--- | |
+---------------+ +-----------------+
NETCONF server
+------------+
| XML |
| message |
| generator |
+------------+
^
|
+----------------+
| <notification> |
| generator |
+----------------+
^
|
+=================+
| <notification> |
| access control |
| <eventType> |
+=================+
^
|
+------------------------+
| server instrumentation |
+------------------------+
| ^
V |
+----------------------+
| configuration |
| datastore |
+----------------------+
+--------------------+ +--------------------+
| | | |
| | | |
| +------------+ | | +------------+ |
| | Key | | HIP | | Key | |
| | Management | <-+-----------------------+-> | Management | |
| | Process | | | | Process | |
| +------------+ | | +------------+ |
| ^ | | ^ |
| | | | | |
| v | | v |
| +------------+ | | +------------+ |
| | IPsec- | | ESP | | IPsec- | |
| | Extended | | | | Extended | |
| | Stack | <-+-----------------------+-> | Stack | |
| | | | | | | |
| +------------+ | | +------------+ |
| | | |
| | | |
| Initiator | | Responder |
+--------------------+ +--------------------+
|-----------------------|
-------- | ---------- ----------
| HIP |-- ----| App v6 | | App v4 |
-------- | | ---------- ----------
| | | | HIT | LSI
| ------------ | AF_INET6 | AF_INET
| | resolver | | |
| ------------ | sockets API | user-space
--|-------------------|-------------------------------
| sockets and | | kernel
| PF_KEY API --------- |
|-------------> |TCP/UDP|<-----------
| ---------
| |
---------- ---------
| SAD/SPD|<-----> | ESP | {HIT_s, HIT_d} <-> SPI
---------- --------- {HIT_s, HIT_d, SPI} <-> {IP_s,IP_d,SPI}
|
---------
| IP |
---------
MESSAGE_1
---------------------------------->
MESSAGE_2
<----------------------------------
MESSAGE_3
---------------------------------->
___________ __________
| | | |
| RID |__________-------------___________| RID |
|_________| | SP Border | |________|
-------------
_______ _______ _______
| | | | | |
__| RID |____-------------____| RID |____-------------____| RID |__
|_____| | SP Border | |_____| | SP Border | |_____|
| ------------- ------------- |
|_______________________________________________________|
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| +--------------+ |
| | | |
| | (R1) | (R2) (R3) |
| | / \ | /| \ / | \ |
| | / \ | / | \ / | \ |
| | (A) (B) | (C) | (D) ... (F) (G) (H) |
| | /|\ |\ | / | / |\ |\ | | |
| | : : : : : | : (E) : : : `: : |
| | | / \ |
| +--------------+ : : |
| DODAG |
| |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
RPL Instance
+----------------+ +----------------+
| | | |
| (R1) | | (R1) |
| / \ | | / |
| / \ | | / |
| (A) (B) | \ | (A) |
| /|\ / |\ | ------\ | /|\ |
| : : (C) : : | \ | : : (C) |
| | / | \ |
| | ------/ | \ |
| | / | (B) |
| | | |\ |
| | | : : |
| | | |
+----------------+ +----------------+
Version N Version N+1
(A) (A) (A)
|\ |\ |\
| `-----. | `-----. | `-----.
| \ | \ | \
(B) (C) (B) \ | (C)
\ | | /
`-----. | | .-----'
\| |/
(C) (B)
RPL Network +-------------------+
RPL::/64 | |
| External |
[RPL::Root] (Root)----------+ Prefix |
| | EXT_1::/64 |
| | |
| +-------------------+
[RPL::A] (A)
:
:
:
[RPL::Y] (Y)
| +-------------------+
| | |
| | External |
[RPL::Z] (Z)------------+ Prefix |
: | EXT_2::/64 |
: | |
: +-------------------+
+--------------------+
| |
| (S) -------> (D) |
| |
+--------------------+
RPL Routing Domain
+--------+---------+-------------//-+
| IPv6 | Source | IPv6 |
| Header | Routing | Payload |
| | Header | |
+--------+---------+-------------//-+
+-----------------+
| |
| (S) --------> (R) --------> (D)
| |
+-----------------+
RPL Routing Domain
+-----------------+
| |
(S) --------> (R) --------> (D) |
| |
+-----------------+
RPL Routing Domain
+-----------------+
| |
(S) --------> (R) ------------> (R) --------> (D)
| |
+-----------------+
RPL Routing Domain
+--------+---------+--------+-------------//-+
| Outer | Source | Inner | IPv6 |
| IPv6 | Routing | IPv6 | Payload |
| Header | Header | Header | |
+--------+---------+--------+-------------//-+
<--- Original Packet --->
<--- Tunneled Packet --->
+-----------------+
| |
| (S) -------\ |
| \ |
| (LBR)
| / |
| (D) <------/ |
| |
+-----------------+
RPL Routing Domain
DNS Server Client Server
| | |
1. |<--www.example.com A?-----| |
2. |<--www.example.com AAAA?--| |
3. |---192.0.2.1------------->| |
4. |---2001:db8::1----------->| |
5. | | |
6. | |==TCP SYN, IPv6===>X |
7. | |==TCP SYN, IPv6===>X |
8. | |==TCP SYN, IPv6===>X |
9. | | |
10. | |--TCP SYN, IPv4------->|
11. | |<-TCP SYN+ACK, IPv4----|
12. | |--TCP ACK, IPv4------->|
DNS Server Client Server
| | |
1. |<--www.example.com A?-----| |
2. |<--www.example.com AAAA?--| |
3. |---192.0.2.1------------->| |
4. |---2001:db8::1----------->| |
5. | | |
6. | |==TCP SYN, IPv6===>X |
7. | |--TCP SYN, IPv4------->|
8. | |<-TCP SYN+ACK, IPv4----|
9. | |--TCP ACK, IPv4------->|
10. | |==TCP SYN, IPv6===>X |
DNS Server Client Server
| | |
1. |<--www.example.com A?-----| |
2. |<--www.example.com AAAA?--| |
3. |---192.0.2.1------------->| |
4. |---2001:db8::1----------->| |
5. | | |
6. | |==TCP SYN, IPv6=======>|
7. | |--TCP SYN, IPv4------->|
8. | |<=TCP SYN+ACK, IPv6====|
9. | |<-TCP SYN+ACK, IPv4----|
10. | |==TCP ACK, IPv6=======>|
11. | |--TCP ACK, IPv4------->|
12. | |--TCP RST, IPv4------->|
DNS Server Alice Bob
| | |
1. |<--www.example.com A------| |
2. |<--www.example.com AAAA---| |
3. |---198.51.100.1---------->| |
4. |---2001:db8:0:2::1------->| |
5. | | |
6. | |--TCP SYN, IPv6--->X |<***********
7. | |--TCP SYN, IPv6--->X | |
8. | |--TCP SYN, IPv6--->X | TCP 3wHS
9. | | | Time
10. | |--TCP SYN, IPv4------->|(any family)
11. | |<-TCP SYN+ACK, IPv4----| |
12. | |--TCP ACK, IPv4------->|<***********
DNS Server Alice Bob
| | |
1. |<--www.example.com A------| |
2. |<--www.example.com AAAA---| |
3. |---198.51.100.1---------->| |
4. |---2001:db8:0:2::1------->| |
5. | | |
6. | |--UDP Request, IPv6-->X|<---------
7. | |--UDP Request, IPv6-->X| first
8. | |--UDP Request, IPv6-->X| request/
9. | | | response
10. | |--UDP Request, IPv4--->| success
11. | |<-UDP Response, IPv4---|<---------
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | E |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(VPN backbone)
(site-1) <-------- sham link --------> (site-2)
CE1 -------- PE1 -------- P ---------- PE2 -------- CE2
| |
|___________________________________________________|
<------------ backdoor link -------------->
(OSPF intra-area link)
+---+ +----+ +----+ +-----+ +----+ +---+
| I |----| N1 |---| N2 |-----| REG |-----| N3 |----| E |
+---+ +----+ +----+ +-----+ +----+ +---+
|<----------------------------->|<-------------------->|
Segment 1 Segment 2
+-----------------+
+------------+ +-----------+ | +------------+ |
| | | | | | | |
| Optical | | Optical | | | Optical | |
| Interface |------->| Impairment|--->| | Channel | |
| (Transmit/ | | Path | | | Estimation | |
| Receive) | | | | | | |
+------------+ +-----------+ | +------------+ |
| || |
| || |
| Estimation |
| || |
| \/ |
| +------------+ |
| | BER/ | |
| | Q Factor | |
| +------------+ |
+-----------------+
+-----------------------------------+
| +--+ +-------+ +--+ |
| |IV| |Routing| |WA| |
| +--+ +-------+ +--+ |
| |
| Combined Processes |
+-----------------------------------+
(a)
+--------------+ +----------------------+
| +----------+ | | +-------+ +--+ |
| | IV | | | |Routing| |WA| |
| |Candidates| |----->| +-------+ +--+ |
| +----------+ | | Combined Processes |
+--------------+ +----------------------+
(b)
+-----------+ +----------------------+
| +-------+ | | +--+ +--+ |
| |Routing| |------->| |WA| |IV| |
| +-------+ | | +--+ +--+ |
+-----------+ | Distributed Processes|
+----------------------+
(c)
+-----------------------------------+ +------------+
| +-----------+ +-------+ +--+ | | +--------+ |
| | IV | |Routing| |WA| | | | IV | |
| |Approximate| +-------+ +--+ |---->| |Detailed| |
| +-----------+ | | +--------+ |
| Combined Processes | | |
+-----------------------------------+ +------------+
(a)
+--------------+ +----------------------+ +------------+
| +----------+ | | +-------+ +--+ | | +--------+ |
| | IV | | | |Routing| |WA| |---->| | IV | |
| |Candidates| |----->| +-------+ +--+ | | |Detailed| |
| +----------+ | | Combined Processes | | +--------+ |
+--------------+ +----------------------+ | |
(b) +------------+
+---+ +-------------+ +-----------------+
|PCC| |RWA-Coord PCE| |IV-Candidates PCE|
+-+-+ +------+------+ +---------+-------+
...___ (a) | |
| ````---...____ | |
| ```-->| |
| | |
| |--..___ (b) |
| | ```---...___ |
| | ```---->|
| | |
| | |
| | (c) ___...|
| | ___....---'''' |
| |<--'''' |
| | |
| | |
| (d) ___...| |
| ___....---''' | |
|<--''' | |
| | |
| | |
+----------+ +--------------+ +------------+
+---+ |RWA-Coord | |IV-Candidates | |IV-Detailed |
|PCC| | PCE | | PCE | | PCE |
+-+-+ +----+-----+ +------+-------+ +-----+------+
|.._ (a) | | |
| ``--.__ | | |
| `-->| | |
| | (b) | |
| |--....____ | |
| | ````---.>| |
| | | |
| | (c) __..-| |
| | __..---'' | |
| |<--'' | |
| | |
| |...._____ (d) |
| | `````-----....._____ |
| | `````----->|
| | |
| | (e) _____.....+
| | _____.....-----''''' |
| |<----''''' |
| (f) __.| |
| __.--'' |
|<-'' |
| |
Originating UA Proxy Terminating UA
| | |
| INVITE (UUI) F1 | |
|------------------->| INVITE (UUI) F2 |
| 100 Trying F3 |------------------->|
|<-------------------| 200 OK F4 |
| 200 OK F5 |<-------------------|
|<-------------------| |
| ACK F6 | |
|------------------->| ACK F7 |
| |------------------->|
Originating UA Redirect Server Terminating UA
| | |
| INVITE F1 | |
|------------------->| |
| 302 Moved (UUI) F2 | |
|<-------------------| |
| ACK F3 | |
|------------------->| |
| INVITE (UUI) F4 | |
|---------------------------------------->|
| 200 OK F5 |
|<----------------------------------------|
| ACK F6 |
|---------------------------------------->|
Originating UA Referrer Terminating UA
| | |
| REFER (UUI) F1 | |
|<-------------------| |
| 202 Accepted F2 | |
|------------------->| |
| INVITE (UUI) F3 | |
|---------------------------------------->|
| NOTIFY (100 Trying) F4 |
|------------------->| |
| 200 OK F5 | |
|<-------------------| |
| 200 OK F6 |
|<----------------------------------------|
| ACK F7 |
|---------------------------------------->|
| NOTIFY (200 OK) F8 | |
|------------------->| |
| 200 OK F9 | |
|<-------------------| |
+------------+-----------+
| | | LBR: LoWPAN Border Router
LBR LBR LBR (LC) LC: Local Controller node
| | | (Data Aggregator)
LC - n LC - n n n: LoWPAN node
/ | | | | / \
n n - LC n - n - n n - n
| | \ | |\
n n n - n n n n
LBR - LC ----- LC ------ LC LBR: LoWPAN Border Router
/| | | LC: Local Controller node
n n n - n - n n - n n: LoWPAN node
/\ | | | |
n n n - n n - n - n
n --- n
| | LBR: LoWPAN Border Router
Internet/ ----- LBR/LC -- n --- n ---- LC LC: Local Controller node
Utility network | | /|\ n: LoWPAN node
n ---- n n n n
n - n I: Internet
| | LBR: Edge Router
LBR --- I -- LBR - n - n - LC LC: Local Controller node
/|\ | | /|\ n: LoWPAN node
.. . .. n -- n n n n
+-----+
| LBR |--------------------------- LBR ...
+-----+ (at the roadside)
-------|------------------------------
|
n -- n --- n --- n +---|---+ LBR: LoWPAN Border Router
/ \ | | n-n-n | n: LoWPAN node
n n n +---|---+
(cars)
--------------------------------------
I
|
| n n n n n n n n n I: Internet
| \|/ \|/ \|/ LBR: LoWPAN Border Router
LBR----LC------LC------LC LC: Local Controller node
| /|\ /|\ /|\ n: LoWPAN node
| n n n n n n n n n
|
LBR
...
http://www.example.com/foo{?query,number}
\_____________/
|
|
For each defined variable in [ 'query', 'number' ],
substitute "?" if it is the first substitution or "&"
thereafter, followed by the variable name, '=', and the
variable's value.
.-----------------------------------------------------------------.
| Level 1 examples, with variables having values of |
| |
| var := "value" |
| hello := "Hello World!" |
| |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| Op Expression Expansion |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| | Simple string expansion (Sec 3.2.2) |
| | |
| | {var} value |
| | {hello} Hello%20World%21 |
`-----------------------------------------------------------------'
.-----------------------------------------------------------------.
| Level 2 examples, with variables having values of |
| |
| var := "value" |
| hello := "Hello World!" |
| path := "/foo/bar" |
| |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| Op Expression Expansion |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| + | Reserved string expansion (Sec 3.2.3) |
| | |
| | {+var} value |
| | {+hello} Hello%20World! |
| | {+path}/here /foo/bar/here |
| | here?ref={+path} here?ref=/foo/bar |
|-----+-----------------------------------------------------------|
| # | Fragment expansion, crosshatch-prefixed (Sec 3.2.4) |
| | |
| | X{#var} X#value |
| | X{#hello} X#Hello%20World! |
`-----------------------------------------------------------------'
.-----------------------------------------------------------------.
| Level 3 examples, with variables having values of |
| |
| var := "value" |
| hello := "Hello World!" |
| empty := "" |
| path := "/foo/bar" |
| x := "1024" |
| y := "768" |
| |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| Op Expression Expansion |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| | String expansion with multiple variables (Sec 3.2.2) |
| | |
| | map?{x,y} map?1024,768 |
| | {x,hello,y} 1024,Hello%20World%21,768 |
| | |
|-----+-----------------------------------------------------------|
| + | Reserved expansion with multiple variables (Sec 3.2.3) |
| | |
| | {+x,hello,y} 1024,Hello%20World!,768 |
| | {+path,x}/here /foo/bar,1024/here |
| | |
|-----+-----------------------------------------------------------|
| # | Fragment expansion with multiple variables (Sec 3.2.4) |
| | |
| | {#x,hello,y} #1024,Hello%20World!,768 |
| | {#path,x}/here #/foo/bar,1024/here |
| | |
|-----+-----------------------------------------------------------|
| . | Label expansion, dot-prefixed (Sec 3.2.5) |
| | |
| | X{.var} X.value |
| | X{.x,y} X.1024.768 |
| | |
|-----+-----------------------------------------------------------|
| / | Path segments, slash-prefixed (Sec 3.2.6) |
| | |
| | {/var} /value |
| | {/var,x}/here /value/1024/here |
| | |
|-----+-----------------------------------------------------------|
| ; | Path-style parameters, semicolon-prefixed (Sec 3.2.7) |
| | |
| | {;x,y} ;x=1024;y=768 |
| | {;x,y,empty} ;x=1024;y=768;empty |
| | |
|-----+-----------------------------------------------------------|
| ? | Form-style query, ampersand-separated (Sec 3.2.8) |
| | |
| | {?x,y} ?x=1024&y=768 |
| | {?x,y,empty} ?x=1024&y=768&empty= |
| | |
|-----+-----------------------------------------------------------|
| & | Form-style query continuation (Sec 3.2.9) |
| | |
| | ?fixed=yes{&x} ?fixed=yes&x=1024 |
| | {&x,y,empty} &x=1024&y=768&empty= |
| | |
`-----------------------------------------------------------------'
.-----------------------------------------------------------------.
| Level 4 examples, with variables having values of |
| |
| var := "value" |
| hello := "Hello World!" |
| path := "/foo/bar" |
| list := ("red", "green", "blue") |
| keys := [("semi",";"),("dot","."),("comma",",")] |
| |
| Op Expression Expansion |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| | String expansion with value modifiers (Sec 3.2.2) |
| | |
| | {var:3} val |
| | {var:30} value |
| | {list} red,green,blue |
| | {list*} red,green,blue |
| | {keys} semi,%3B,dot,.,comma,%2C |
| | {keys*} semi=%3B,dot=.,comma=%2C |
| | |
|-----+-----------------------------------------------------------|
| + | Reserved expansion with value modifiers (Sec 3.2.3) |
| | |
| | {+path:6}/here /foo/b/here |
| | {+list} red,green,blue |
| | {+list*} red,green,blue |
| | {+keys} semi,;,dot,.,comma,, |
| | {+keys*} semi=;,dot=.,comma=, |
| | |
|-----+-----------------------------------------------------------|
| # | Fragment expansion with value modifiers (Sec 3.2.4) |
| | |
| | {#path:6}/here #/foo/b/here |
| | {#list} #red,green,blue |
| | {#list*} #red,green,blue |
| | {#keys} #semi,;,dot,.,comma,, |
| | {#keys*} #semi=;,dot=.,comma=, |
| | |
|-----+-----------------------------------------------------------|
| . | Label expansion, dot-prefixed (Sec 3.2.5) |
| | |
| | X{.var:3} X.val |
| | X{.list} X.red,green,blue |
| | X{.list*} X.red.green.blue |
| | X{.keys} X.semi,%3B,dot,.,comma,%2C |
| | X{.keys*} X.semi=%3B.dot=..comma=%2C |
| | |
|-----+-----------------------------------------------------------|
| / | Path segments, slash-prefixed (Sec 3.2.6) |
| | |
| | {/var:1,var} /v/value |
| | {/list} /red,green,blue |
| | {/list*} /red/green/blue |
| | {/list*,path:4} /red/green/blue/%2Ffoo |
| | {/keys} /semi,%3B,dot,.,comma,%2C |
| | {/keys*} /semi=%3B/dot=./comma=%2C |
| | |
|-----+-----------------------------------------------------------|
| ; | Path-style parameters, semicolon-prefixed (Sec 3.2.7) |
| | |
| | {;hello:5} ;hello=Hello |
| | {;list} ;list=red,green,blue |
| | {;list*} ;list=red;list=green;list=blue |
| | {;keys} ;keys=semi,%3B,dot,.,comma,%2C |
| | {;keys*} ;semi=%3B;dot=.;comma=%2C |
| | |
|-----+-----------------------------------------------------------|
| ? | Form-style query, ampersand-separated (Sec 3.2.8) |
| | |
| | {?var:3} ?var=val |
| | {?list} ?list=red,green,blue |
| | {?list*} ?list=red&list=green&list=blue |
| | {?keys} ?keys=semi,%3B,dot,.,comma,%2C |
| | {?keys*} ?semi=%3B&dot=.&comma=%2C |
| | |
|-----+-----------------------------------------------------------|
| & | Form-style query continuation (Sec 3.2.9) |
| | |
| | {&var:3} &var=val |
| | {&list} &list=red,green,blue |
| | {&list*} &list=red&list=green&list=blue |
| | {&keys} &keys=semi,%3B,dot,.,comma,%2C |
| | {&keys*} &semi=%3B&dot=.&comma=%2C |
| | |
`-----------------------------------------------------------------'
.------------------------------------------------------------------.
| NUL + . / ; ? & # |
|------------------------------------------------------------------|
| first | "" "" "." "/" ";" "?" "&" "#" |
| sep | "," "," "." "/" ";" "&" "&" "," |
| named | false false false false true true true false |
| ifemp | "" "" "" "" "" "=" "=" "" |
| allow | U U+R U U U U U U+R |
`------------------------------------------------------------------'
D
/ \
10 / \ 10
/ \
G H----------.
| | |
1 | 1 | |
| | |
B C | 10
| |\ |
| | \ |
| | \ 6 |
| | \ |
7 | 10 | E F
| | / /
| | / 6 / 5
| | / /
| |/ /
A-------S-----/
7
P
/ \
x/ \x+e
/ \
C1--c--C2
|\ /|
| \ / |
d/u | \ | d/u
| / \ |
|/ \|
A1--a--A2
|\ /|
| \ / |
d/u| \ |d/u
| / \ |
|/ \|
E1 E2
P
/ \
x/ \x+e
/ \
C1--c--C2
|\ | \
| \ | +-------+
d/u | \ | \
| +-|-----+ \
| | \ \
A1--a--A2 A3--a--A4
|\ /| | /
| \ / | | /
d/u| \ |d/u | /
| / \ | | /
|/ \| |/
E1 E2 E3
P
/ \
x/ \x+e
/ \
C1<...>C2
|\ | \
| \ | +-------+
d/u | \ | \
| +-|-----+ \
| | \ \
A1--a--A2 A3--a--A4
|\ /| | /
| \ / | | /
d/u| \ |d/u | /
| / \ | | /
|/ \| |/
E1 E2 E3
+--------+
| HAAA & | RADIUS +-----+
| Policy |<-------->| LMA |
| Profile| +-----+
+--------+ | <--- LMA-Address
^ |
| // \\
+---|------------- //---\\----------------+
( | IPv4/IPv6 // \\ )
( | Network // \\ )
+---|-----------//---------\\-------------+
| // \\
RADIUS // <- Tunnel1 \\ <- Tunnel2
| // \\
| |- MAG1-Address |- MAG2-Address
| +----+ +----+
+---->|MAG1| |MAG2|
+----+ +----+
| |
| |
MN1 MN2
+---------------+
| HAAA & |
+----------| Policy Profile|
| +---------------+
|
+---------+
|[VL]AAA &| RADIUS +-----+
| Policy |<------->| LMA |
| Profile | +-----+
+---------+ | <--- LMA-Address
^ // \\
+---|------------- //---\\----------------+
( | IPv4/IPv6 // \\ )
( | Network // \\ )
+---|-----------//---------\\-------------+
| // \\
RADIUS // <- Tunnel1 \\ <- Tunnel2
| // \\
| |- MAG1-Address |- MAG2-Address
| +----+ +----+
+---->|MAG1| |MAG2|
+----+ +----+
| |
MN1 MN2
+---------------+
| HAAA & |
+----------| Policy Profile|
| +---------------+
| |
| RADIUS
+---------+ |
|[VL]AAA &| +-----+
| Policy | | LMA |
| Profile | +-----+
+---------+ | <--- LMA-Address
^ // \\
+---|------------- //---\\----------------+
( | IPv4/IPv6 // \\ )
( | Network // \\ )
+---|-----------//---------\\-------------+
| // \\
RADIUS // <- Tunnel1 \\ <- Tunnel2
| // \\
| |- MAG1-Address |- MAG2-Address
| +----+ +----+
+---->|MAG1| |MAG2|
+----+ +----+
| |
MN1 MN2
Token | Value
----------------------------------+--------------------
IP4_TRANSPORT_SUPPORTED | 0x0000800000000000
IP4_HOA_ONLY_SUPPORTED | 0x0001000000000000
Implementation ,---. +--------+
+~~~~~~~~~~~/ \~~~~~~| Remote |
+------->-----F2->-| / \ |->---+ |
| +---------+ | Tunnel 1( ) | | |
| | transmit|-F1->-| ( ) |->+ | |
| | LC1 | +~~~~~~~~~| |~~~~| | | |
| | receive |-<--+ ( ) | F1 F2 |
| +---------+ | |Internet | | | | |
*-------<-----+ F2 | | | | | |
+---------+ | | +~~~~~~~~~| |~~~~| | | |
| transmit|-* *-| | | |--+<-* |
| LC2 | | Tunnel 2( ) | | |
| receive |-<-F1-| \ / |<-* |
+---------+ +~~~~~~~~~~~\ /~~~~~~| Router |
`-+-' +--------+
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
|LC10| |LC11| ,---. |LC20| |LC21|
+----+ +----+ / \ +-------+ +----+ +----+
| V10 | V11 / \ | Tunnel| | V20 | V21
| | ( ) | Head | | |
+--------+ +------+ | | | Router|__+----------+
|Ethernet| |Tunnel| |Internet | +---B---+ |Ethernet |
|Switch |--|Head |-| | | |Switch |
+-+--+---+ |Router| | | +---+---+ +--+--+----+
|__| +--A---+ ( )--|Option.| |__|
\ / |Impair.|
Bridge \ / |Gener. | Bridge
V20 to V21 `-+-? +-------+ V10 to V11
,---.
/ \
( Start )
\ / Implementations
`-+-' +-------+
| /| 1 `.
+---+----+ / +-------+ `.-----------+ ,-------.
| RFC | / |Check for | ,' was RFC `. YES
| | / |Equivalence.... clause x ------+
| |/ +-------+ |under | `. clear? ,' |
| Metric \.....| 2 ....relevant | `---+---' +----+-----+
| Metric |\ +-------+ |identical | No | |Report |
| Metric | \ |network | +--+----+ |results + |
| ... | \ |conditions | |Modify | |Advance |
| | \ +-------+ | | |Spec +--+RFC |
+--------+ \| n |.'+-----------+ +-------+ |request |
+-------+ +----------+
+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| ADK | Anderson-Darling K-Sample test, a test used to |
| | check whether two samples have the same statistical |
| | distribution. |
| ECMP | Equal Cost Multipath, a load-balancing mechanism |
| | evaluating MPLS Labels stacks, IP addresses, and |
| | ports. |
| EDF | The "empirical distribution function" of a set of |
| | scalar measurements is a function F(x), which for |
| | any x gives the fractional proportion of the total |
| | measurements that were smaller than or equal to x. |
| Metric | A measured quantity related to the performance and |
| | reliability of the Internet, expressed by a value. |
| | This could be a singleton (single value), a sample |
| | of single values, or a statistic based on a sample |
| | of singletons. |
| OWAMP | One-Way Active Measurement Protocol, a protocol for |
| | communication between IPPM measurement systems |
| | specified by IPPM. |
| OWD | One-Way Delay, a performance metric specified by |
| | IPPM. |
| Sample | A sample metric is derived from a given singleton |
| metric | metric by evaluating a number of distinct instances |
| | together. |
| Singleton | A singleton metric is, in a sense, one atomic |
| metric | measurement of this metric. |
| Statistical | A 'statistical' metric is derived from a given |
| metric | sample metric by computing some statistic of the |
| | values defined by the singleton metric on the |
| | sample. |
| TWAMP | Two-way Active Measurement Protocol, a protocol for |
| | communication between IPPM measurement systems |
| | specified by IPPM. |
+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
+---------------------+
| Originator A |
|---------------------|
| syslog application |
| |
|---------------------|
| syslog transport |
| TCP |
|---------------------|
v
|
/ +---------------------+
/ | Originator B |
/ |---------------------|
/ +----------------------+ | syslog application |
/ | Collector | | |
| |----------------------| |---------------------|
| | syslog application | | syslog transport |
| | | | UDP |
| |----------------------| |---------------------|
| | syslog transport | v
| | TCP | TLS | UDP | |
| |----------------------| |
| ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | |
\ / | \ /
--------- | ------------------
|
|
| +---------------------+
| | Originator C |
| |---------------------|
| | syslog application |
| | |
| |---------------------|
| | syslog transport |
| | TLS |
| |---------------------|
| v
\ /
---------------
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Caching Server 1 - IS NOT ON the DNS Whitelist |
| Caching Server 2 - IS ON the DNS Whitelist |
| Note: Transport between each host can be IPv4 or IPv6. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+----------+ +---------------+ +---------------+
| Stub | | DNS Caching | | DNS |
| Resolver | | Server 1 | | Server |
+----------+ +---------------+ +---------------+
| DNS Query: | |
| example.com A, AAAA | |
|---------------------->| |
| | |
| | DNS Query: |
| | example.com A, AAAA |
| |------------------------>|
| | |
| | | NOT on Whitelist
| | DNS Response: |
| | example.com A |
| |<------------------------|
| | |
| DNS Response: | |
| example.com A | |
|<----------------------| |
+----------+ +---------------+ +---------------+
| Stub | | DNS Caching | | DNS |
| Resolver | | Server 2 | | Server |
+----------+ +---------------+ +---------------+
| DNS Query: | |
| example.com A, AAAA | |
|---------------------->| |
| | |
| | DNS Query: |
| | example.com A, AAAA |
| |------------------------>|
| | |
| | | IS on Whitelist
| | DNS Response: |
| | example.com A, AAAA |
| |<------------------------|
| | |
| DNS Response: | |
| example.com A, AAAA | |
|<----------------------| |
"It" Hider
| |
|....."Ready or Not" Sequence.....|
| |
|-------Service List Request----->|
| |
|<-------------GUESS--------------|
| |
|----------HINT-REQUEST---------->|
| [web service] |
| |
|<----------HINT-REPLY------------|
| [COLD] |
| |
|----------HINT-REQUEST---------->|
| [print service] |
| |
|<----------HINT-REPLY------------|
| [FREEZING] |
| |
+-----------+
| |
>| Relying |
/ | Party |
// | |
// +-----------+
SAML/ // ^
HTTPS // +--|--+
// | S| |
/ S | A| |
// A | M| |
// S | L| |
// L | | |
// | | |
</ +--|--+
+------------+ v
| | +----------+
| SAML | HTTPS | |
| Identity |<--------------->| Client |
| Provider | | |
+------------+ +----------+
SASL Serv. Client IdP
|>-----(1)----->| | Advertisement
| | |
|<-----(2)-----<| | Initiation
| | |
|>-----(3)----->| | Authentication Request
| | |
|<-----(4)-----<| | Response of "="
| | |
| |<- -(5,6) - ->| Client<>IdP
| | | Authentication
| | |
|<- - - - - - - - - - -(7)- - -| Authentication Statement
| | |
|>-----(8)----->| | SASL Completion with
| | | Status
| | |
,-. ,-.
,--+ `--+--'- --'\
+----+_____+------+ { +----+ +----+ `. +------+
|GEF1| | |______| P |___| P |______| |
| |-----| PE1 | { +----+ +----+ /+| PE2 |
| | | |==========================>| ASBR |
+-:--+ | |<==========================| |
_|..__ +------+ { DS-TE/MAR Tunnels ; +------+
_,' \-| ./ -'._ !|
| Access \ / +----+ \, !|
| Network | \_ | P | | !|
| / `| +----+ / !|
`--. ,.__,| | IP/MPLS Network / !|
'`' '' ' .._,,'`.__ _/ '---' !|
| '`''' !|
C1 !|
,-. ,-. !|
,--+ `--+--'- --'\ !|
+----+_____+------+ { +----+ +----+ `. +------+
|GEF2| | |______| P |___| P |______| |
| |-----| PE4 | { +----+ +----+ /+| PE3 |
| | | |==========================>| ASBR |
+-:--+ | |<==========================| |
_|..__ +------+ { DS-TE/MAM Tunnels ; +------+
_,' \-| ./ -'._
| Access \ / +----+ \,
| Network | \_ | P | |
| / `| +----+ /
`--. ,.__,| | IP/MPLS Network /
'`' '' ' .._,,'`.__ _/ '---'
| '`'''
C2
|<-- BWMck-->|<----- ULBCck ----->|
|---------------|------------|--------------------|
0 SBWck RBWck MRBCck
Exclude Include
|<--- link ---->|<-- Test (9)-->|<--- link ----->|
|---------------|---------------|----------------| ULBCck
SBWi PBWi
Exclude Include
|<--- link ---->|<--- link ----->|
|---------------|----------------| ULBCck
SBWi PBWi
HIGH-PRIORITY-CT LSP
+----+======================+----+======================+----+
|GEF1|NORMAL-PRIORITY-CT LSP| VN | |GEF2|
| |======================| |======================| |
| |LOW-PRIORITY/BE-CT LSP| | | |
+----+======================+----+======================+----+
|<----- ULBk <= RBTk ---->|
LSP-p |------------------------|-------------------------|
A B E
|<-- ULBk <= RBTk -->|
LSP-s |---------------|--------------------|-------------|
A C D E
MAG LMA
(1) | |
MN1-------| (2) PBU |
|--------------------------->|
| * (3)
| (4) PBA |
|<---------------------------|
* (5) |
(6) | |
MN2-------| |
* (7)........................|
(8) | |
MN3-------| |
* (9)........................|
| |
| (10) PBU |
|--------------------------->|
| * (11)
| (12) PBA |
|<---------------------------|
* (13)
| |
| (14) BRI |
|<---------------------------|
| * (15)
| (16) BRA |
|--------------------------->|
* (17) |
| |
| | |
| >--DHCPDISCOVER--> | |
| on VPN "abc" | |
| | >--DHCPDISCOVER----> |
| | Relay Agent Info: |
| | VSS type 0:"abc" |
| | VSS-Control |
| | |
| | <----DHCPOFFER-----< |
| | Relay Agent Info: |
| | VSS type 0:"abc" |
| | |
| <---DHCPOFFER----< | |
| on VPN "abc" | |
| | |
| >--DHCPREQUEST---> | |
| on VPN "abc" | |
| | >--DHCPREQUEST-----> |
| | Relay Agent Info: |
| | VSS type 0:"abc" |
| | VSS-Control |
| | |
| | <----DHCPACK-------< |
| | Relay Agent Info: |
| | VSS type 0:"abc" |
| | |
| <---DHCPACK------< | |
| on VPN "abc" | |
| | |
... ... ...
| | |
| >--DHCPDISCOVER--> | |
| on unknown VPN | |
| | >--DHCPDISCOVER----> |
| | |
| | <----DHCPOFFER-----< |
| | Relay Agent Info: |
| | VSS type 0:"abc" |
| | |
| <---DHCPOFFER----< | |
| on VPN "abc" | |
| | |
| >--DHCPREQUEST---> | |
| on VPN "abc" | |
| | >--DHCPREQUEST-----> |
| | Relay Agent Info: |
| | VSS type 0:"abc" |
| | VSS-Control |
| | |
| | <----DHCPACK-------< |
| | Relay Agent Info: |
| | VSS type 0:"abc" |
| | |
| <---DHCPACK------< | |
| on VPN "abc" | |
| | |
| | |
... ... ...
|
ASP(/MSP) | ASA/MSA(/MSP)
|
|
+-------+ | +-------+
| | | | |
|AAAV |-----------|--------|AAAH |
| | | | |
+-------+ | +-------+
| |
| |
| |
| |
+-----+ +------+ |
+----+ | NAS/| |DHCP | |
| MN |------|DHCP |----|Server| |
+----+ |Relay| | | |
+-----+ +------+ |
|
|
+--------+ | +--------+
| HA | | | HA |
| in ASP | | |in MSP |
+--------+ | +--------+
|
--------------ASP------>|<--ASA+MSA--
|
+----+ +------+ +-------+ +-----+
| | | | | | | |
| MN/| |NAS/ | | DHCP | |AAAH |
|User| |DHCP | | Server| | |
| | |relay | | | | |
+----+ +------+ +-------+ +-----+
| | | |
| 1 | 1 | |
|<------------->|<---------------------->|
| | | |
| | | |
| 2 | | |
|-------------->| | |
| | | |
| | 3 | |
| |------------>| |
| | | |
| | 4 | |
| |<------------| |
| | | |
| 5 | | |
|<--------------| | |
| | | |
MIPv6-HoA == MN-HoA -> MAG1
+------+
|HA/LMA|-----------------------+
+------+ |
//\\ |
+-------//--\\--------+ |
( // \\ PMIPv6 ) |
( // \\ domain) +--------------+
+----//--------\\-----+ ( Non-PMIPv6 )
// \\ ( domain )
// \\ +--------------+
// \\ |
+----+ +----+ +----+
|MAG1| |MAG2| | AR |
+----+ +----+ +----+
| | |
[MN]
MIPv6-HoA == MN-HoA -> MAG_1
+-------+
|HA/LMA1|-----------------------+
+-------+ |
//\\ +----+
+-------//--\\--------+ |LMA2|
( // \\ home ) +----+
( // \\ PMIPv6) +------||------+
( // \\domain) ( ||visited)
+---//----------\\----+ ( ||PMIPv6 )
// \\ ( ||domain )
// \\ +------||------+
+----+ +----+ +----+
|MAG1| |MAG2| |MAG3|
+----+ +----+ +----+
| | |
[MN]
MIPv6-HoA -> MN_CoA
+-------+
|HA/LMA1|-----------------------+
+-------+ |
//\\ +----+
+-------//--\\--------+ |LMA2| MN_CoA -> MAG3
( // \\ home ) +----+
( // \\ PMIPv6) +------||------+
( // \\domain) ( ||visited)
+---//----------\\----+ ( ||PMIPv6 )
// \\ ( ||domain )
// \\ +------||------+
+----+ +----+ +----+
|MAG1| |MAG2| |MAG3|
+----+ +----+ +----+
| | |
[MN]
+-----------+
| IPv6 host | ----------------->
+-----------+ movement
+----------+
| MIPv6 MN | ----------------->
+----------+ movement
+----+ +------+ +------+ +----+
| MN | | MAG2 | | LMA1 | | HA |
+----+ +------+ +------+ +----+
| | | |
| | | +-----------------+
| | | | HoA -> CoA_1 |
| | | | binding present |
| | | +-----------------+
| | | |
| CoA conf/confirm | PBU(CoA_1,MAG_2) | |
| <--------------->| ----------------->| |
| | +-----------------+|
| | | CoA_1 -> MAG_2 ||
| | | binding updated ||
| | +-----------------+|
| | PBA | |
| | <----------------| |
| | | |
+----+ +------+ +------+ +----+
| MN | | MAG3 | | LMA2 | | HA |
+----+ +------+ +------+ +----+
| CoA config | PBU(CoA_2,MAG_3) | |
|<---------------->|------------------->| |
| | +-----------------+ |
| | | CoA_2 -> MAG_3 | |
| | | binding created | |
| | +-----------------+ |
| | PBA | |
| |<-------------------| |
| | | |
| | BU (HoA, CoA_2) | |
|---------------------------------------------------->|
| | | |
| | | +-----------------+
| | | | HoA -> CoA_2 |
| | | | binding updated |
| | | +-----------------+
| | BA | |
|<----------------------------------------------------|
+-----------+
| Relying |
>| Party / |
/ | SASL |
// | Server |
// +-----------+
// ^
OpenID // +--|--+
// | O| | G
/ S | p| | S
// A | e| | S
// S | n| | A
// L | I| | P
// | D| | I
</ +--|--+
+------------+ v
| | +----------+
| OpenID | OpenID | |
| Provider |<--------------->| Client |
| | | |
+------------+ +----------+
SASL Serv. RP/Client OP
|>-----(1)----->| | Advertisement
| | |
|<-----(2)-----<| | Initiation
| | |
|> - - (3) - - - - - - - - - ->| Discovery
| |
|>- - -(4)- - - - - - - - - - >| Association
|<- - -(4)- - - - - - - - - - <|
| | |
|>-----(5)----->| | Indirect Auth Request
| | |
|<-----(6)-----<| | Client "=" Response
| | |
| |>- - (7)- - ->| Client GET to the OP (ext.)
| | |
| |<- - (8)- - ->| Client / OP Auth. (ext.)
| | |
|<- - -(9)- - - + - - - - - - <| HTTPS Indirect id_res
| | |
|<- - -(10)- - - - - - - - - ->| Optional
| | | check_authentication
| | |
|>-----(11)---->| | SASL completion with status
MN HAC HA
-- --- --
| | |
| /-------------------------\ | |
|/ \| |
|\ TLS session setup /| |
| \-------------------------/ | |
| | |
| /-------------------------\ | |
|/ MN Authentication \| |
|\ /| |
| \-------------------------/ | |
| | |
| /-------------------------\ | |
|/ HAC provisions the MN \| |
|\ keys, SPI, & MIPv6 parms /| |
| \-------------------------/ | |
| |--MNID, keys, SPI->|
| | |
| /--------------------------------------------\ |
|/ MN-HA SA established; Secures \ |
|\ signaling and optionally user traffic / |
| \--------------------------------------------/ |
| |
|------------BU(encrypted)----------------------->|
| |
|<---------BAck(encrypted)------------------------|
+------+ +------+ +------+
|Mobile| TLS |Home | AAA | AAA |
| Node |<----------->|Agent |<---------->|Server|
| | |Contrl| | |
+------+ +------+ +------+
^ ^ ^
| | |
| BU/BA/../ | e.g., AAA | AAA
| (Data) | |
| v |
| +---------+ |
| | MIPv6 | |
+--------------->| Home |<-------------+
| Agent(s)|
+---------+
+-------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+
|Ciphersuite |Integ. Algorithm |Encr. Algorithm |
+-------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+
|NULL_SHA |HMAC-SHA1-96 |NULL |
|NULL_SHA256 |AES-XCBC-MAC-96 |NULL |
|3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA |HMAC-SHA1-96 |TripleDES-CBC |
|AES_128_CBC_SHA |HMAC-SHA1-96 |AES-CBC with 128-bit keys |
|AES_128_CBC_SHA256 |AES-XCBC-MAC-96 |AES-CBC with 128-bit keys |
+-------------------+----------------+---------------------------+
MN HAC
| |
| Request/MHAuth-Init (...) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| Response/MHAuth-Init (...) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| Request/MHAuth-Done (...) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| Response/MHAuth-Done (...) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
MN HAC
| |
| Request/MHAuth-Init (...) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| Response/MHAuth-Init (..., |
| eap-payload=EAP-Request/Identity) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| Request/MHAuth-Mid (eap-payload= |
| EAP-Response/Identity) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| Response/MHAuth-Mid (eap-payload=EAP-Request/...) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
: :
: ..EAP-method specific exchanges.. :
: :
| |
| Request/MHAuth-Done (eap-payload=EAP-Response/..., |
| ..., auth) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| Response/MHAuth-Done (eap-payload=EAP-Success, |
| ..., auth) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
Description | Value
----------------------------------+----------------------------------
non-encrypted IP packet | 0
encrypted IP packet | 1
mobility header | 8
+------+ +--------+ +---------------+
|SAVI I|-------------|SWITCH I|-------|rest of the net|
+------+ +--------+ +---------------+
| |
| +--------+
| | SAVI II|
| +--------+
| +----------+ |
+---|SWITCH II |-----+
+----------+
|
+-----+
| Host|
+-----+
+------+ +-----------+ +---------------+
| Host |-------------|SAVI device|-------|rest of the net|
+------+ +-----------+ +---------------+
+------+ +-------------+ +-----------+ +---------------+
| Host |----|Legacy device|-----|SAVI device|----|rest of the net|
+------+ +-------------+ +-----------+ +---------------+
Possible L2 Trigger/Information
|
|
______________ ______v_____ __________________
| MANET | | | | |
| Neighborhood | | Relay Set | | Other Heuristics |
| Discovery |----------->| Selection |<------|(Preference, etc.)|
| Protocol | neighbor | Algorithm | | Net Management |
|______________| info |____________| |__________________|
\ /
\ /
neighbor\ / Dynamic Relay
info* \ ____________ / Set Status
\ | SMF | / (State, {neighbor info})
`-->| Relay Set |<--'
| State |
-->|____________|
/
/
______________
| Coexistent |
| MANET |
| Unicast |
| Process |
|______________|
+-------+---------------+-----------------------+-------------------+
| Code | Summary | Description | Reference |
+-------+---------------+-----------------------+-------------------+
| 200 | OK | Request has | RFC6231 |
| | | succeeded. | |
| 400 | Syntax error | Request is | RFC6231 |
| | | syntactically | |
| | | invalid: it is not | |
| | | valid with respect to | |
| | | the XML schema or it | |
| | | violates a | |
| | | co-occurrence | |
| | | constraint for a | |
| | | request element. | |
| 405 | dialogid | Request uses a | RFC6231 |
| | already | dialogid identifier | |
| | exists | for a new dialog that | |
| | | is already used by | |
| | | another dialog on the | |
| | | MS. | |
| 430 | Unsupported | Request contains a | RFC6231 |
| | record | <record> element that | |
| | configuration | the MS is unable to | |
| | | record with on the | |
| | | available input media | |
| | | streams. | |
| 431 | Unsupported | The request contains | RFC6231 |
| | foreign | attributes or | |
| | namespace | elements from another | |
| | attribute or | namespace that the MS | |
| | element | does not support. | |
| 432 | Unsupported | The request tries to | RFC6231 |
| | multiple | start another dialog | |
| | dialog | on the same | |
| | capability | conference or | |
| | | connection where a | |
| | | dialog is already | |
| | | running. | |
| 433 | Unsupported | The request contains | RFC6231 |
| | collect and | <collect> and | |
| | record | <record> elements and | |
| | capability | the MS does not | |
| | | support these | |
| | | operations | |
| | | simultaneously. | |
| 434 | Unsupported | The request contains | RFC6231 |
| | VAD | a <record> element | |
| | capability | where Voice Activity | |
| | | Detection (VAD) is | |
| | | required, but the MS | |
| | | does not support VAD. | |
| 435 | Unsupported | The request contains | RFC6231 |
| | parallel | a prompt <par> | |
| | playback | element whose | |
| | | configuration is not | |
| | | supported by the MS. | |
| 439 | Other | Request requires | RFC6231 |
| | unsupported | another capability | |
| | capability | not supported by the | |
| | | MS. | |
+-------+---------------+-----------------------+-------------------+
S0 S3
.............. ..............
. . . .
. +-----+ . . .
. | CE0 |-----------+ . +-----+ .
. +-----+ . | . | CE5 | .
. . | . +--+--+ .
. +-----+ . | . | .
. | CE1 |-------+ | .......|......
. +-----+ . | | /
. . | | /
.............. | | /
| | SP Network /
.....|...|.............................../.....
. | | / .
. +-+---+-+ +-------+ / .
. | PE0 |-------| P |-- | .
. +-+---+-+ +-------+ \ | .
. / \ \ +---+---+ .
. | -----+ --| PE2 | .
. | | +---+---+ .
. | +---+---+ / .
. | | PE1 | / .
. | +---+---+ / .
. | \ / .
...|.............|.............../.............
| | /
| | /
| | /
S1 | | S2 /
.............. | ........|........../......
. . | . | | .
. +-----+ . | . +--+--+ +--+--+ .
. | CE2 |-----+ . | CE3 | | CE4 | .
. +-----+ . . +-----+ +-----+ .
. . . .
.............. ..........................
+-----------+-------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Encaps | Description | Reference |
| Type | | |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 0 | Reserved | - |
| | | |
| 1 | Frame Relay | RFC 4446 |
| | | |
| 2 | ATM AAL5 SDU VCC transport | RFC 4446 |
| | | |
| 3 | ATM transparent cell transport | RFC 4816 |
| | | |
| 4 | Ethernet (VLAN) Tagged Mode | RFC 4448 |
| | | |
| 5 | Ethernet Raw Mode | RFC 4448 |
| | | |
| 6 | Cisco HDLC | RFC 4618 |
| | | |
| 7 | PPP | RFC 4618 |
| | | |
| 8 | SONET/SDH Circuit Emulation Service | RFC 4842 |
| | | |
| 9 | ATM n-to-one VCC cell transport | RFC 4717 |
| | | |
| 10 | ATM n-to-one VPC cell transport | RFC 4717 |
| | | |
| 11 | IP Layer 2 Transport | RFC 3032 |
| | | |
| 15 | Frame Relay Port mode | RFC 4619 |
| | | |
| 17 | Structure-agnostic E1 over packet | RFC 4553 |
| | | |
| 18 | Structure-agnostic T1 (DS1) over packet | RFC 4553 |
| | | |
| 19 | VPLS | RFC 4761 |
| | | |
| 20 | Structure-agnostic T3 (DS3) over packet | RFC 4553 |
| | | |
| 21 | Nx64kbit/s Basic Service using | RFC 5086 |
| | Structure-aware | |
| | | |
| 25 | Frame Relay DLCI | RFC 4619 |
| | | |
| 40 | Structure-agnostic E3 over packet | RFC 4553 |
| | | |
| 41 (1) | Octet-aligned payload for | RFC 4553 |
| | Structure-agnostic DS1 circuits | |
| | | |
| 42 (2) | E1 Nx64kbit/s with CAS using | RFC 5086 |
| | Structure-aware | |
| | | |
| 43 | DS1 (ESF) Nx64kbit/s with CAS using | RFC 5086 |
| | Structure-aware | |
| | | |
| 44 | DS1 (SF) Nx64kbit/s with CAS using | RFC 5086 |
| | Structure-aware | |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------+-----------+
+-----------------------------------+
| PSN Transport | VPN | IP | VPN label is the
| Header | Label | Packet | demultiplexing field
+-----------------------------------+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| DS | ECN |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+---------+------------------------------------------------+
|Arriving | Arriving Outer Header |
| Inner +---------+------------+------------+------------+
| Header | Not-ECT | ECT(0) | ECT(1) | CE |
+---------+---------+------------+------------+------------+
| Not-ECT | Not-ECT |Not-ECT(!!!)|Not-ECT(!!!)| <drop>(!!!)|
| ECT(0) | ECT(0) | ECT(0) | ECT(1) | CE |
| ECT(1) | ECT(1) | ECT(1) (!) | ECT(1) | CE |
| CE | CE | CE | CE(!!!)| CE |
+---------+---------+------------+------------+------------+
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| ECN Bits || 00 | 10 | 01 | 11 || DSCP |
|==============++==========+==========+==========+==========++=========|
| RFC 3168 || Not-ECT | ECT(0) | ECT(1) | CE || Any |
|==============++==========+==========+==========+==========++=========|
| Baseline || Not-PCN | NM | EXP | PM || PCN-n |
|==============++==========+==========+==========+==========++=========|
| 3-In-1 || Not-PCN | NM | ThM | ETM || PCN-n |
|==============++==========+==========+==========+==========++=========|
| 3-In-2 || Not-PCN | NM | CU | ThM || PCN-n |
| ||----------+----------+----------+----------++---------|
| || Not-PCN | CU | CU | ETM || PCN-m |
|==============++==========+==========+==========+==========++=========|
| PSDM || Not-PCN | Not-ETM | Not-ThM | PM || PCN-n |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-----------------+ +------------------+
| User U | | Server S (U,W) |
| | (U, X) | |
| |----------------------------->| |
| | | |
| | (S, Y) | |
| |<-----------------------------| |
| | | |
| | V_U | |
| |----------------------------->| |
| | | |
| | V_S | |
| |<-----------------------------| |
| | | |
+-----------------+ +------------------+
,------------------------------------. ,----------------.
| Rest of the Internet +-------+ Remote Host R |
`--+-----------+------------------+--' `----------------'
| | | LR[1] ... LR[m]
,---+----. ,---+----. ,----+---.
| ISP[1] | | ISP[2] | ...... | ISP[n] |
`---+----' `---+----' `----+---'
| | |
,---+-----------+------------------+---.
| Multi-Homed Site S assigned |
| prefixes P[1], P[2], ..., P[n] |
| |
| ,--------. L[1] = P[1]:iid[1], |
| | Host H | L[2] = P[2]:iid[2], ... |
| `--------' L[n] = P[n]:iid[n] |
`--------------------------------------'
+------+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----------+
| Peer | | SAP | | CAP | | EA Server |
+--+---+ +--+--+ +--+--+ +-----+-----+
| | | |
a. | [EAP-Initiate/ | | |
| Re-auth-start | | |
| (E flag)] | | |
|<---------------| | |
| | | |
b. | EAP-Initiate/ | | |
| Re-auth | | |
| (E flag) | | |
|--------------->| | |
c. | | AAA(EAP-Initiate/Re-auth(E flag))|
| |--------------------------------->|
| | | +---------+---------+
| | | | CA authorized & |
d. | | | | and EA Keying |
| | | | Distribution |
| | | +---------+---------+
| | | |
| | | |
f. | | AAA (EAP-Finish/Re-auth(E flag)) |
| |<---------------------------------|
g. | EAP-Finish/ | | |
| Re-auth(E flag)| | |
|<---------------| | |
| | | |
+-----------+ +---------+
| | | |
| EA Server | | CAP |
| | | |
+-----|-----+ +----|----+
| |
| |
| AAA Request (pMSK) |
e.1|------------------------->|
| |
| |
| |
| AAA Response (Success) |
e.2|<-------------------------|
| |
| |
| |
+-----------+ +-------------------------------+ +-----------+
| | | application-layer data models | | network |
| generic | +-------------------------------+ | management|
| infra- | | transport-layer data models | | infra- |
| structure | +-------------------------------+ | structure |
| data | | network-layer data models | | data |
| models | +-------------------------------+ | models |
| | | link-layer data models | | |
+-----------+ +-------------------------------+ +-----------+
+-------------+---------------+------------------+------------------+
| Protocol | Data Modeling | Data Model | Proprietary Data |
| | | Extensions | Modeling |
| | | | Extensions |
+-------------+---------------+------------------+------------------+
| SNMP | MIB modules | New MIB modules | Enterprise- |
| (S. 2.1) | defined with | specified in new | specific MIB |
| | SMI | RFCs | modules |
| | (S. 2.1.3) | | |
| | | | |
| Syslog | Structured | With the | Enterprise- |
| (S. 2.2) | Data Elements | procedure to add | specific SDEs |
| | (SDEs) | Structured Data | |
| | (S. 4.2.1) | ID in [RFC5424] | |
| | | | |
| IPFIX | IPFIX | With the | Enterprise- |
| (S. 2.3) | Information | procedure to add | specific |
| | Elements, | Information | Information |
| | IPFIX IANA | Elements | Elements |
| | registry at | specified in | [RFC5101] |
| | [IANA-IPFIX] | [RFC5102] | |
| | (S. 2.3) | | |
| | | | |
| PSAMP | PSAMP | With the | Enterprise- |
| (S. 2.3) | Information | procedure to add | specific |
| | Elements, as | Information | Information |
| | an extension | Elements | Elements |
| | to IPFIX | specified in | [RFC5101] |
| | [IANA-IPFIX], | [RFC5102] | |
| | and PSAMP | | |
| | IANA registry | | |
| | at | | |
| | [IANA-PSAMP] | | |
| | (S. 2.3) | | |
| | | | |
| NETCONF | YANG modules | New YANG modules | Enterprise- |
| (S. 2.4.1) | (S. 2.4.2) | specified in new | specific YANG |
| | | RFCs following | modules |
| | | the guideline in | |
| | | [RFC6087] | |
| | | | |
| IPPM OWAMP/ | IPPM metrics | New IPPM metrics | Not applicable |
| TWAMP | (*) (S. 3.4) | (S. 3.4) | |
| (S. 3.4) | | | |
| | | | |
| RADIUS | TLVs | RADIUS-related | Vendor-Specific |
| (S. 3.5) | | registries at | Attributes |
| | | [IANA-AAA] and | [RFC2865] |
| | | [IANA-PROT] | |
| | | | |
| Diameter | AVPs | Diameter-related | Vendor-Specific |
| (S. 3.6) | | registry at | Attributes |
| | | [IANA-AAA] | [RFC2865] |
| | | | |
| CAPWAP | TLVs | New bindings | Vendor-specific |
| (S. 3.7) | | specified in new | TLVs |
| | | RFCs | |
+-------------+---------------+------------------+------------------+
+----------------+ +----------------+
| | | |
| IAB | | IAOC |
| | | |
+==========+-----+ +-+--------------+
| | .
| RSOC | .
| | .
+----+-----+ .
| .
| .
| ...................
| . .
+--------V---V----+ .
| | .
| RFC | .
| Series | .
| Editor | .
| | .
+--------+--------+ .
| .
| .................
| . .
+--+----------------+ .
| . | .
| . | .
+---V-----V--+ +--V----V---+
| RFC | | RFC |
| Production | | Publisher |
| Center | | |
+------------+ +-----------+
+---------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| | Modified |
| +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| | <Removed> | SERVER | CLIENT | NONE |
| | | (default) | | |
+===+===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+
| | <Absent> | -- | REQUEST / | -- | -- |
| O | | | ADD | | |
| r +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| i | SERVER | CANCEL | REQUEST | CANCEL | CANCEL |
| g | (default) | | | | |
| i +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| n | CLIENT | -- | REQUEST / | -- | -- |
| a | | | ADD | | |
| l +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| | NONE | -- | REQUEST / | -- | -- |
| | | | ADD | | |
+---+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| Delivery | Description |
| Status | |
| Code | |
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| 1.0 | The scheduling message is pending. That is, the |
| | server is still in the process of sending the message. |
| | The status code value can be expected to change once |
| | the server has completed its sending and delivery |
| | attempts. |
| | |
| 1.1 | The scheduling message has been successfully sent. |
| | However, the server does not have explicit information |
| | about whether the scheduling message was successfully |
| | delivered to the recipient. This state can occur with |
| | "store and forward" style scheduling protocols such as |
| | iMIP [RFC6047] (iTIP using email). |
| | |
| 1.2 | The scheduling message has been successfully |
| | delivered. |
| | |
| 3.7 | The scheduling message was not delivered because the |
| | server did not recognize the calendar user address as |
| | a valid calendar user. Note that this code applies to |
| | both "Organizer" and "Attendee" calendar user |
| | addresses. |
| | |
| 3.8 | The scheduling message was not delivered due to |
| | insufficient privileges. Note that this code applies |
| | to privileges granted by both the "Organizer" and |
| | "Attendee" calendar users. |
| | |
| 5.1 | The scheduling message was not delivered because the |
| | server could not complete delivery of the message. |
| | This is likely due to a temporary failure, and the |
| | originator can try to send the message again at a |
| | later time. |
| | |
| 5.2 | The scheduling message was not delivered because the |
| | server was not able to find a way to deliver the |
| | message. This is likely a permanent failure, and the |
| | originator ought not try to send the message again, at |
| | least without verifying/correcting the calendar user |
| | address of the recipient. |
| | |
| 5.3 | The scheduling message was not delivered and was |
| | rejected because scheduling with that recipient is not |
| | allowed. This is likely a permanent failure, and the |
| | originator ought not try to send the message again. |
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------+
+-------> MPLS-TC-STD-MIB <-----------------------------------------+
^ ^ ^
| | |
| MPLS-LSR-STD-MIB <--------------------------------+ |
| ^ |
| | |
+<----------------------- MPLS-LDP-STD-MIB ---------------->+ |
^ ^ ^ |
| | | |
+<-- MPLS-LDP-GENERIC-STD-MIB ------>+ | |
^ | |
| | |
+<------ MPLS-FTN-STD-MIB --------------------------------->+ |
^ | ^ |
| V | |
+<------------- MPLS-TE-STD-MIB -->+----------------------->+ |
^ GMPLS-TC-STD-MIB ------------>+
| ^ ^
| | |
+---+ +<-- GMPLS-LABEL-STD-MIB -->+
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
| | | | |
+----> PW-TC-STD-MIB | GMPLS-LSR-STD-MIB --------------->+
^ | ^ ^ ^
| | | | |
| IANA-PWE3-MIB | | | IANA-GMPLS-TC-MIB |
| ^ | | | ^ |
| | | | | | |
| | +<--- GMPLS-TE-STD-MIB ------------->+
| | ^ ^
+<--- PW-STD-MIB <------+ | |
^ ^ | |
| | | |
+<--- PW-ENET-STD-MIB ->+ | |
^ ^ | |
| | | |
| | | |
+<---------------- PW-MPLS-STD-MIB--------------------------------->+
+------------------------- +
| IPFIX | NetFlow | Others |
+------------------------- +
| ^ |
| Flow Export |
| ^ |
| +-------------+ |
| | Monitoring | |
| | Plane | |
| +-------------+ |
| ^ |
| traffic information |
| ^ |
| +-------------+ |
| | | |
traffic ---|---->| Forwarding |------|---->
| | Plane | |
| +-------------+ |
| |
| DUT |
+------------------------- +
+-----------+
| |
| Collector |
| |
|Flow Record|
| analysis |
| |
+-----------+
^
| Flow Export
|
| Export Interface
+--------+ +-------------+ +----------+
| | | | | traffic |
| traffic| (*)| | | receiver |
| sender |-------->| DUT |--------->| |
| | | | | traffic |
| | | | | analysis |
+--------+ +-------------+ +----------+
+-------+ +----------------------+ +-----------+
| MN | | AR | |DHCP Server|
+-------+ |DHCP | Relay | +-----------+
| |Client | Agent | |
| +----------------------+ |
|1 Initial NW entry | |
|or attach procedure| |
|<----------------->| |
| |2 Solicit |
| |---------> Relay-forward |
| | --------------->|
| | 3 Relay-reply |
| |Advertise <---------------|
| |<-------- |
| |4 Request |
| |---------> Relay-forward |
| | --------------->|
| | 5 Relay-reply |
| |Reply <---------------|
| |<-------- |
|6 Attach | |
| Completed | |
|<----------------->| |
|7 Router | |
| Solicitation | |
|------------------>| |
| 8 Router | |
| Advertisement | |
|<------------------| |
+----------+ +--------------+ +-----------+
| MN | | AR | |DHCP Server|
| |DHCP | | DHCP |DHCP | +-----------+
| |Client| |Server|Client |
+----------+ +--------------+
| Initial NW entry | |
|or attach procedure | |
|<-----------------> | |
| | DHCPv6-PD exchange |
| | similar to Steps 2-5 |
| Solicit | of Figure 2 (IA_PD) |
|---------------------->| |
| Advertise | |
|<----------------------| |
| Request | |
|---------------------->| |
| | |
| | |
| | Use prefix in IA_PD |
| Reply | to assign IAADDR |
|<--------------------- | |
+-------+ +-------+ +-----------+
| MN | | AR | |DHCP Server|
+-------+ +-------+ +-----------+
| | |
| 1 De-registration | |
| handover, or other | |
|<--------------------->| |
| |2 Relay-forward/Release|
| |---------------------->|
| | |
| |3 Relay-reply/Reply |
| |<--------------------- |
| | |
| | |
+--------------+ +-----------------+ +---------+
| | | | | |
+-----+ +-----+ | Provider +--------+ | |
|IPv6 | | 6rd |__| IPv4 | Border |__| IPv6 |
|Host | | CE | | Network | Router | | Network |
+-----+ +-----+ | +--------+ | |
| Customer LAN | | | | |
+--------------+ +-----------------+ +---------+
+--------------------+-----------+
| 32-bit Gateway IPv4 address |
+--------------------+-----------+
|<---IPv4MaskLen --->| o bits | Gateway or manually
/ / generated value, unique
Configured / / / for the Gateway
| / / |
| / / V
| V p bits | o bits | n bits |m bits | 64 bits |
+----------------+------------+---------+-------+----------------+
| | Gateway |Customer | | |
| Common prefix | Identifier | Site |subnet | interface ID |
| | | Index | ID | |
+----------------+------------+---------+-------+----------------+
|<------ GI 6rd delegated prefix ------>|
PW PW
End Service End Service
| |
|<------- Pseudowire ------->|
| |
| Server |
| |<- PSN Tunnel ->| |
| V V |
------- +-----+-----+ +-----+-----+ -------
) | | |================| | | (
Client ) | MPLS| PE1 | PW1 | PE2 | MPLS| ( Client
MPLS PSN )+ LSR1+............................+ LSR2+( MPLS PSN
) | | | | | | (
) | | |================| | | (
------- +-----+-----+ +-----+-----+ --------
^ ^
| |
| |
|<---- Emulated Service----->|
| |
Virtual physical Virtual physical
termination termination
+------------------------------------------------+
| |
| +--------+ +--------+ |
| | | Pkt +-----+ | | |
------+ +---------+ PW1 +--------+ +------
| | Client | AC +-----+ | Server | |
Client | | LSR | | LSR | | Server
Network | | | Pkt +-----+ | | | Network
------+ +---------+ PW2 +--------+ +------
| | | AC +-----+ | | |
| +--------+ +--------+ |
| |
+------------------------------------------------+
+--------+----------------------------------------------------+
| | Codepoint in ECN field of IP header |
| DSCP | <RFC3168 codepoint name> |
| +--------------+-------------+-------------+---------+
| | 00 <Not-ECT> | 10 <ECT(0)> | 01 <ECT(1)> | 11 <CE> |
+--------+--------------+-------------+-------------+---------+
| DSCP n | not-PCN | NM | ThM | ETM |
+--------+--------------+-------------+-------------+---------+
. . . . . . PCN-domain . . . . . .
. ,---------. ,--------. .
. _| PCN- |___________________| PCN- |_ .
. / | ingress | | egress | \ .
.| `---------' `--------' |.
| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .|
,---------. ,--------.
_____| Tunnel | | Tunnel |____
| Ingress | - - ECN preserved inside tunnel - - | Egress |
`---------' `--------'
+=====================================+======================+
| Softwire-ID/Context-ID/IPv4/Port | Public IPv4/Port |
+=====================================+======================+
| SWID-1/CID-1/a.b.c.d/TCP-port1 | e.f.g.h/TCP-port2 |
| | |
| SWID-1/CID-2/a.b.c.d/TCP-port3 | e.f.g.h/TCP-port4 |
+-------------------------------------+----------------------+
+===================+==============+=======================+
| | IPv4 address| Network-type |
| Softwire +----+----+---+----+----+------+------+
| | up | op | s | v4 | v6 | v4v6 | MPLS |
+====================+====+====+===+====+====+======+======+
| GRE with GRE Key | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
| MPLS VPN | x | x | | | | | x |
| IPv4/IPv6-in-MPLS | x | x | x | | | | x |
| IPv4-in-IPv4 | x | | | x | | | |
| IPv4-in-IPv6 | x | | | | x | | |
| IPv4-in-IPv6 w/ FL | x | x | x | | x | | |
+====================+====+====+===+====+====+======+======+
AD Access Gateway AAA/Policy AFTR
| | | |
|----(1)-------->| | |
| (2)<-------------->| |
| (3) | |
| |<------(4)------------------->|
| (5) | |
|<---(6)-------->| | |
| | | |
+ -------------------------+
-------- ------------- | ---------- ______ |
|EAP peer|<---->|Authenticator|<--> | |EAP Server|___(______) |
-------- ------------- | ---------- | DB | |
. . |AAA (______) |
. i1 . +--------------------------+
.<----------------. i2 . .
. .------------> .
. i1 .
.-------------------------------------->.
. CB_success/failure(i1, i2,info) .
.<--------------------------------------.
-----------
| TK | MK |
-----------
| |
v v
--------
| CTK |
--------
|
v
----------------
| | |
v v v
------- ------ -------
| TEK | | MSK | | EMSK |
------- ------- --------
+-------------------+-----------+-------+
| MTAs selected | 484,980 | - |
| MTAs responding | 371,779 | 76.7% |
| SUBMITTER enabled | 17,425 | 4.7% |
| MXLogic banner | 16,914 | 4.6% |
+-------------------+-----------+-------+
P_encounter
^
|
P_encounter_max + - - .-------------------------------------
| /
| / .
| /
| / .
| /
| / .
|/
+-------+-------------------------------------> I
I_typ
+==================================================================+
| Condition | Action | New State |
+==================+===================================+===========+
| New Neighbor | Start Hello procedure for neighbor| HELLO |
| | Keep waiting for more neighbors | WAIT_NB |
+==================================================================+
+==================================================================+
| Condition | Action | New State |
+==================+===================================+===========+
| Hello TLV rcvd | | HELLO |
+------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------+
| Enter ESTAB state| Start Information Exchange Phase | INFO_EXCH |
+------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------+
| Neighbor Gone | | WAIT_NB |
+==================================================================+
+==================================================================+
| Condition | Action | New State |
+=================+====================================+===========+
| SYN || SYNACK | Send ACK message (notes 2 and 3) | ESTAB |
+-----------------+------------------------------------+-----------+
| ACK && B && C | Send ACK message (note 3) | ESTAB |
+-----------------+------------------------------------+-----------+
| ACK && !(B && C)| Send RSTACK message | ESTAB |
+==================================================================+
| +-------------+ | A. Delivery Predictabilities | +-------------+ |
| Subsidiary |--->---->---->---->---->---->---->| Subsidiary |
| | State | | C. Bundle Responses | | State | |
| Machine 1: | | Machine 1: |
| | Initiator | | B. Bundle Offers | | Listener | |
| Role |<----<----<----<----<----<----<---| Role |
| +-------------+ | D. Requested Bundles | +-------------+ |
| +-------------+ | A. Delivery Predictabilities | +-------------+ |
| Subsidiary |<----<----<----<----<----<----<---| Subsidiary |
| | State | | C. Bundle Responses | | State | |
| Machine 2: | | Machine 2: |
| | Listener | | B. Bundle Offers | | Initiator | |
| Role |--->---->---->---->---->---->---->| Role |
| +-------------+ | D. Requested Bundles | +-------------+ |
+==================================================================+
| Condition | Action | New State |
+==================+===================================+===========+
| On Entry | Check Initiator Start Point | WAIT_DICT |
+------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------+
| RIBDi | Update Dictionary (note 1) | |
| | If Dictionary Conflict found: | |
| | Abort Exchange |(finished) |
| | Else: | |
| | Start TP | WAIT_RIB |
+------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------+
| HelloAck | Abort Exchange | WAIT_DICT |
+==================================================================+
FEC_Sender2---------| |--------FEC_Receiver2
| |
FEC_Sender1-------IP/MPLS network
|-----------FEC_Receiver11
|-----------FEC_Receiver12
|-----------FEC_Receiver13
---- EAP-Initiate/ ----> ----AAA(EAP-Initiate/ ---------->
Re-auth/ Re-auth/
[Bootstrap] [Bootstrap])
<--- EAP-Finish/ ------> <---AAA(rMSK,EAP-Finish/---------
Re-auth/ Re-auth/
[Bootstrap] [Bootstrap])
---- EAP-Initiate/ ----> ----AAA(EAP-Initiate/ ---------->
Re-auth/ Re-auth/
Bootstrap Bootstrap)
<--- EAP-Finish/ ------> <---AAA(rMSK,EAP-Finish/---------
Re-auth/ Re-auth/
Bootstrap Bootstrap)
---- EAP-Initiate/ -------> ----AAA(EAP-Initiate/ -------->
Re-auth Re-auth)
<--- EAP-Finish/ ---------- <---AAA(rMSK,EAP-Finish/-------
Re-auth Re-auth)
1 | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+
| |
| _..----''''''''''''''''''''
| ,-''
| ,'
| / Mass at
| / +infinity
| / = fraction
|| lost
|/
0 |_____________________________________
Code Len Algorithms
+-----+-----+----+----+----+
| 145 | n | A1 | A2 | A3 | ....
+-----+-----+----+----+----+
v v v
| | |
| Begins initialization |
| | |
| _____________/|\____________ |
|/DHCPDISCOVER | DHCPDISCOVER \|
| w/FORCERENEW- | w/FORCERENEW- |
| NONCE-CAPABLE | NONCE-CAPABLE |
| | |
Determines | Determines
configuration | configuration
| | |
|\ | /|
| \__________ | _________/ |
| DHCPOFFER \ | /DHCPOFFER |
|w/FORCERENEW \ | /w/FORCERENEW|
|NONCE-CAPABLE \| /NONCE-CAPABLE|
| | |
| Collects replies |
| | |
| Selects configuration |
| | |
| _____________/|\____________ |
|/ DHCPREQUEST | DHCPREQUEST\ |
| w/Forcerenew- | w/Forcerenew- |
| Nonce-Capable | Nonce-Capable |
| | |
| | Commits configuration
| | |
| |Creates 128-bit Forcerenew Nonce
| | |
| | _____________/|
| |/ DHCPACK |
| | w/Auth-Proto= |
| | Forcerenew- |
| | Nonce |
| | |
|Client stores Forcerenew Nonce |
| | |
| Initialization complete |
| | |
. . .
. . .
| | |
| Forcerenew |
| | _____________/|
| |/ DHCPFORCE |
| | w/Auth-Proto= |
| | Forcerenew- |
| | Digest(HMAC)|
| | |
| Client checks HMAC digest |
| using stored Forcerenew Nonce |
| | |
| |\____________ |
| | DHCPREQUEST\ |
| | w/FORCERENEW- |
| | NONCE-CAPABLE |
| | |
| | Commits configuration
| | |
| |Creates 128-bit Forcerenew Nonce
| | |
| | _____________/|
| |/ DHCPACK |
| | w/Auth-Proto= |
| | Forcerenew- |
| | Nonce |
| | |
| | |
| | |
. . .
. . .
| | |
| Graceful shutdown |
| | |
| |\ ____________ |
| | DHCPRELEASE \|
| | |
| | Discards lease
| | |
v v v
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
|MN1 | |MN2 | |MAG1| |LMA |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | |
| data | data |
|<--------------------->|<------------->|
| | | |
| | data | data |
| |<--------->|<------------->|
| | | LR decision
| | | LRI(Opt1) |
| | |<--------------|
| | | |
| | | LRA(Opt2) |
| | |-------------->|
| | | |
| data | |
|<--------------------->| |
| | | |
| | data | |
| |<--------->| |
| | | |
| | | |
Internet
:
|
|
+-----+
| LMA |
+-----+
|
|
+----+-----+
| |
+----+ +----+
|MAG1| |MAG2|
+----+ +----+
: :
+---+ +---+
|MN1| |MN2|
+---+ +---+
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
|MN1 | |MN2 | |MAG1| |MAG2| |LMA |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | |
| data | data |
|<--------------------->|<----------------------->|
| | | | |
| | data | data |
| |<--------------------->|<----------->|
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | LRI(Opt1) |
| | |<------------------------|
| | | | |
| | | | LRI(Opt2) |
| | | |<------------|
| | | | |
| | | LRA(Opt3) |
| | |------------------------>|
| | | | |
| | | | LRA(Opt4) |
| | | |------------>|
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| data | data | |
|<--------------------->|<--------->| |
| | | | |
| | data | |
| |<--------------------->| |
| | | | |
| | | | |
In this scenario, both the MNs are attached to the same MAG, but are
anchored at two different LMAs. MN1 is anchored at LMA1, and MN2 is
anchored at LMA2. Note that the two LMAs are part of the same
Provider Domain.
Internet
: :
+------------------+
| |
+----+ +----+
|LMA1| |LMA2|
+----+ +----+
| |
| |
+------------------+
|
|
|
+-----+
| MAG |
+-----+
: :
+---+ +---+
|MN1| |MN2|
+---+ +---+
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
|MN1 | |MN2 | |MAG | |LMA1| |LMA2|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | |
| data | data | data |
|<--------------------->|<--------->|<----------->|
| | | | |
| | data | data |
| |<--------->|<----------------------->|
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | LRI(Opt1) | |
| | |---------->| |
| | | | |
| | | LRI(Opt2) |
| | |------------------------>|
| | | | |
| | | LRA(Opt3) | |
| | |<----------| |
| | | | |
| | | LRA(Opt4) |
| | |<------------------------|
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| data | | |
|<--------------------->| | |
| | | | |
| | data | | |
| |<--------->| | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
+--------------+ +--------------+
| Intermediate | +--------------+ | Intermediate |
| Router C | | Core Router D| | Router E |
| (default->D) | | (A->C; G->E) | | (default->D) |
| (A->B) | +--------------+ | (G->F) |
+-------+------+ +------+-------+
| |
X---+---+--------------------------------------+---+---X
| AERO Link |
+-----+--------+ +--------+-----+
| Edge Router B| | Edge Router F|
| (default->C) | | (default->E) |
+--------------+ +--------------+
.-. .-.
,-( _)-. ,-( _)-.
.-(_ IPv6 )-. .-(_ IPv6 )-.
(__ EUN ) (__ EUN )
`-(______)-' `-(______)-'
| |
+--------+ +--------+
| Host A | | Host G |
+--------+ +--------+
--------
/ \
| CSP |
\ /
--------
*
*
* /\
* / \
---------------------- |CDNI| ----------------------
/ Upstream CDN \ | | / Downstream CDN \
| +-------------+ | Control Interface| +-------------+ |
|******* Control |<======|====|========>| Control *******|
|* +------*----*-+ | | | | +-*----*------+ *|
|* * * | | | | * * *|
|* +------*------+ | Logging Interface| +------*------+ *|
|* ***** Logging |<======|====|========>| Logging ***** *|
|* * +-*-----------+ | | | | +-----------*-+ * *|
|* * * * | Request Routing | * * * *|
.....*...+-*---------*-+ | Interface | +-*---------*-+...*.*...
. |* * *** Req-Routing |<======|====|========>| Req-Routing *** * *| .
. |* * * +-------------+.| | | | +-------------+ * * *| .
. |* * * . CDNI Metadata | * * *| .
. |* * * +-------------+ |. Interface | +-------------+ * * *| .
. |* * * | Distribution|<==.===|====|========>| Distribution| * * *| .
. |* * * | | | . \ / | | | * * *| .
. |* * * |+---------+ | | . \/ | | +---------+| * * *| .
. |* * ***| +---------+| | ....Request......+---------+ |*** * *| .
. |* *****+-|Surrogate|************************|Surrogate|-+***** *| .
. |******* +---------+| | Acquisition | |+----------+ *******| .
. | +-------------+ | | +-------*-----+ | .
. \ / \ * / .
. ---------------------- ---------*------------ .
. * .
. * Delivery .
. * .
. +--*---+ .
...............Request.............................| User |..Request..
| Agent|
+------+
+-----------+-----------+---------------+------------------------+
| Property | Parameter | Value | Reference |
+-----------+-----------+---------------+------------------------+
| EXPERTISE | LEVEL | beginner | RFC 6715, Section 3.2 |
| EXPERTISE | LEVEL | average | RFC 6715, Section 3.2 |
| EXPERTISE | LEVEL | expert | RFC 6715, Section 3.2 |
| HOBBY | LEVEL | high | RFC 6715, Section 3.2 |
| HOBBY | LEVEL | medium | RFC 6715, Section 3.2 |
| HOBBY | LEVEL | low | RFC 6715, Section 3.2 |
| INTEREST | LEVEL | high | RFC 6715, Section 3.2 |
| INTEREST | LEVEL | medium | RFC 6715, Section 3.2 |
| INTEREST | LEVEL | low | RFC 6715, Section 3.2 |
+-----------+---------------------------+------------------------+
+----+---------------------+
| I1 | Coefficient |
+----+---------------------+
| | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 |
| 0 | a a a a a a a a a a |
| | |
| 1 | b d b c c b c b b b |
| | |
| 2 | c b b b b b b b b b |
| | |
| 3 | b c c c c b c b b b |
| | |
| 4 | c d d d d c c c c c |
| | |
| 5 | a f d d c c c c b b |
| | |
| g | a c c c c c c c c b |
| | |
| 7 | c d g e e e f e f f |
| | |
| 8 | c e f f e f e g e e |
| | |
| 9 | c e e h e f e f f e |
| | |
| 10 | e d d d c d c c c c |
| | |
| 11 | b f f g e f e f f f |
| | |
| 12 | c h e g f f f f f f |
| | |
| 13 | c h f f f f f g f e |
| | |
| 14 | d d f e e f e f e e |
| | |
| 15 | c d d f f e e e e e |
| | |
| 16 | c e e g e f e f f f |
| | |
| 17 | c f e g f f f e f e |
| | |
| 18 | c h e f e f e f f f |
| | |
| 19 | c f e g h g f g f e |
| | |
| 20 | d g h e g f f g e f |
| | |
| 21 | c h g e e e f e f f |
| | |
| 22 | e f f e g g f g f e |
| | |
| 23 | c f f g f g e g e e |
| | |
| 24 | e f f f d h e f f e |
| | |
| 25 | c d e f f g e f f e |
| | |
| 26 | c d c d d e c d d d |
| | |
| 27 | b b c c c c c d c c |
| | |
| 28 | e f f g g g f g e f |
| | |
| 29 | d f f e e e e d d c |
| | |
| 30 | c f d h f f e e f e |
| | |
| 31 | e e f e f g f g f e |
+----+---------------------+
+----+------------------------------------------------+
| I1 | Coefficient |
+----+------------------------------------------------+
| | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 |
| | |
| 0 | i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i |
| | |
| 1 | k l l l l l k k k k k j j j i l |
| | |
| 2 | k n n l p m m n k n m n n m l l |
| | |
| 3 | i k j k k j j j j j i i i i i j |
| | |
| 4 | i o n m o m p n m m m n n m m l |
| | |
| 5 | i l n n m l l n l l l l l l k m |
| | |
| 6 | i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i |
| | |
| 7 | i k o l p k n l m n n m l l k l |
| | |
| 8 | i o k o o m n m o n m m n l l l |
| | |
| 9 | k j i i i i i i i i i i i i i i |
| | |
| 10 | i j i i i i i i i i i i i i i j |
| | |
| 11 | k k l m n l l l l l l l k k j l |
| | |
| 12 | k k l l m l l l l l l l l k j l |
| | |
| 13 | l m m m o m m n l n m m n m l m |
| | |
| 14 | i o m n m p n k o n p m m l n l |
| | |
| 15 | i j i j j j j j j j i i i i j i |
| | |
| 16 | j o n p n m n l m n m m m l l m |
| | |
| 17 | j l l m m l l n k l l n n n l m |
| | |
| 18 | k l l k k k l k j k j k j j j m |
| | |
| 19 | i k l n l l k k k j j i i i i i |
| | |
| 20 | l m l n l l k k j j j j j k k m |
| | |
| 21 | k o l p p m n m n l n l l k l l |
| | |
| 22 | k l n o o l n l m m l l l l k m |
| | |
| 23 | j l l m m m m l n n n l j j j j |
| | |
| 24 | k n l o o m p m m n l m m l l l |
| | |
| 25 | i o j j i i i i i i i i i i i i |
| | |
| 26 | i o o l n k n n l m m p p m m m |
| | |
| 27 | l l p l n m l l l k k l l l k l |
| | |
| 28 | i i j i i i k j k j j k k k j j |
| | |
| 29 | i l k n l l k l k j i i j i i j |
| | |
| 30 | l n n m p n l l k l k k j i j i |
| | |
| 31 | k l n l m l l l k j k o m i i i |
+----+------------------------------------------------+
+----+-------------------+
| I1 | Coefficient |
+----+-------------------+
| | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 |
| | |
| 0 | A B A A A A A A A |
| | |
| 1 | B A A A A A A A A |
| | |
| 2 | A A A A A A A A A |
| | |
| 3 | B B B A A A A B A |
| | |
| 4 | A B A A A A A A A |
| | |
| 5 | A B A A A A A A A |
| | |
| 6 | B A B B A A A B A |
| | |
| 7 | A B B A A B B A A |
| | |
| 8 | A A B B A B A B B |
| | |
| 9 | A A B B A A B B B |
| | |
| 10 | A A A A A A A A A |
| | |
| 11 | A B A B B B B B A |
| | |
| 12 | A B A B B B B B A |
| | |
| 13 | A B B B B B B B A |
| | |
| 14 | B A B B A B B B B |
| | |
| 15 | A B B B B B A B A |
| | |
| 16 | A A B B A B A B A |
| | |
| 17 | A A B B B A B B B |
| | |
| 18 | A B B A A B B B A |
| | |
| 19 | A A A B B B A B A |
| | |
| 20 | A B B A A B A B A |
| | |
| 21 | A B B A A A B B A |
| | |
| 22 | A A A A A B B B B |
| | |
| 23 | A A B B A A A B B |
| | |
| 24 | A A A B A B B B B |
| | |
| 25 | A B B B B B B B A |
| | |
| 26 | A A A A A A A A A |
| | |
| 27 | A A A A A A A A A |
| | |
| 28 | A A B A B B A B A |
| | |
| 29 | B A A B A A A A A |
| | |
| 30 | A A A B B A B A B |
| | |
| 31 | B A B B A B B B B |
+----+-------------------+
+----+---------------------------------------------+
| I1 | Coefficient |
+----+---------------------------------------------+
| | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 |
| | |
| 0 | C C C C C C C C C C C C C C D |
| | |
| 1 | C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C |
| | |
| 2 | C C D C C D D D C D D D D C C |
| | |
| 3 | C C C C C C C C C C C C D C C |
| | |
| 4 | C D D C D C D D C D D D D D C |
| | |
| 5 | C C D C C C C C C C C C C C C |
| | |
| 30 | D C C C C C C C C C C D C C C |
| | |
| 31 | C C D C C D D D C C D C C D C |
+----+---------------------------------------------+
+----+----------------------------------------+
| I1 | Codebook (Q8) |
+----+----------------------------------------+
| | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 |
| | |
| 0 | 12 35 60 83 108 132 157 180 206 228 |
| | |
| 1 | 15 32 55 77 101 125 151 175 201 225 |
| | |
| 2 | 19 42 66 89 114 137 162 184 209 230 |
| | |
| 3 | 12 25 50 72 97 120 147 172 200 223 |
| | |
| 4 | 26 44 69 90 114 135 159 180 205 225 |
| | |
| 5 | 13 22 53 80 106 130 156 180 205 228 |
| | |
| 6 | 15 25 44 64 90 115 142 168 196 222 |
| | |
| 7 | 19 24 62 82 100 120 145 168 190 214 |
| | |
| 8 | 22 31 50 79 103 120 151 170 203 227 |
| | |
| 9 | 21 29 45 65 106 124 150 171 196 224 |
| | |
| 10 | 30 49 75 97 121 142 165 186 209 229 |
| | |
| 11 | 19 25 52 70 93 116 143 166 192 219 |
| | |
| 12 | 26 34 62 75 97 118 145 167 194 217 |
| | |
| 13 | 25 33 56 70 91 113 143 165 196 223 |
| | |
| 14 | 21 34 51 72 97 117 145 171 196 222 |
| | |
| 15 | 20 29 50 67 90 117 144 168 197 221 |
| | |
| 16 | 22 31 48 66 95 117 146 168 196 222 |
| | |
| 17 | 24 33 51 77 116 134 158 180 200 224 |
| | |
| 18 | 21 28 70 87 106 124 149 170 194 217 |
| | |
| 19 | 26 33 53 64 83 117 152 173 204 225 |
| | |
| 20 | 27 34 65 95 108 129 155 174 210 225 |
| | |
| 21 | 20 26 72 99 113 131 154 176 200 219 |
| | |
| 22 | 34 43 61 78 93 114 155 177 205 229 |
| | |
| 23 | 23 29 54 97 124 138 163 179 209 229 |
| | |
| 24 | 30 38 56 89 118 129 158 178 200 231 |
| | |
| 25 | 21 29 49 63 85 111 142 163 193 222 |
| | |
| 26 | 27 48 77 103 133 158 179 196 215 232 |
| | |
| 27 | 29 47 74 99 124 151 176 198 220 237 |
| | |
| 28 | 33 42 61 76 93 121 155 174 207 225 |
| | |
| 29 | 29 53 87 112 136 154 170 188 208 227 |
| | |
| 30 | 24 30 52 84 131 150 166 186 203 229 |
| | |
| 31 | 37 48 64 84 104 118 156 177 201 230 |
+----+----------------------------------------+
+----+------------------------------------------------------------+
| I1 | Codebook (Q8) |
+----+------------------------------------------------------------+
| | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 |
| | |
| 0 | 7 23 38 54 69 85 100 116 131 147 162 178 193 208 223 239 |
| | |
| 1 | 13 25 41 55 69 83 98 112 127 142 157 171 187 203 220 236 |
| | |
| 2 | 15 21 34 51 61 78 92 106 126 136 152 167 185 205 225 240 |
| | |
| 3 | 10 21 36 50 63 79 95 110 126 141 157 173 189 205 221 237 |
| | |
| 4 | 17 20 37 51 59 78 89 107 123 134 150 164 184 205 224 240 |
| | |
| 5 | 10 15 32 51 67 81 96 112 129 142 158 173 189 204 220 236 |
| | |
| 6 | 8 21 37 51 65 79 98 113 126 138 155 168 179 192 209 218 |
| | |
| 7 | 12 15 34 55 63 78 87 108 118 131 148 167 185 203 219 236 |
| | |
| 8 | 16 19 32 36 56 79 91 108 118 136 154 171 186 204 220 237 |
| | |
| 9 | 11 28 43 58 74 89 105 120 135 150 165 180 196 211 226 241 |
| | |
| 10 | 6 16 33 46 60 75 92 107 123 137 156 169 185 199 214 225 |
| | |
| 11 | 11 19 30 44 57 74 89 105 121 135 152 169 186 202 218 234 |
| | |
| 12 | 12 19 29 46 57 71 88 100 120 132 148 165 182 199 216 233 |
| | |
| 13 | 17 23 35 46 56 77 92 106 123 134 152 167 185 204 222 237 |
| | |
| 14 | 14 17 45 53 63 75 89 107 115 132 151 171 188 206 221 240 |
| | |
| 15 | 9 16 29 40 56 71 88 103 119 137 154 171 189 205 222 237 |
| | |
| 16 | 16 19 36 48 57 76 87 105 118 132 150 167 185 202 218 236 |
| | |
| 17 | 12 17 29 54 71 81 94 104 126 136 149 164 182 201 221 237 |
| | |
| 18 | 15 28 47 62 79 97 115 129 142 155 168 180 194 208 223 238 |
| | |
| 19 | 8 14 30 45 62 78 94 111 127 143 159 175 192 207 223 239 |
| | |
| 20 | 17 30 49 62 79 92 107 119 132 145 160 174 190 204 220 235 |
| | |
| 21 | 14 19 36 45 61 76 91 108 121 138 154 172 189 205 222 238 |
| | |
| 22 | 12 18 31 45 60 76 91 107 123 138 154 171 187 204 221 236 |
| | |
| 23 | 13 17 31 43 53 70 83 103 114 131 149 167 185 203 220 237 |
| | |
| 24 | 17 22 35 42 58 78 93 110 125 139 155 170 188 206 224 240 |
| | |
| 25 | 8 15 34 50 67 83 99 115 131 146 162 178 193 209 224 239 |
| | |
| 26 | 13 16 41 66 73 86 95 111 128 137 150 163 183 206 225 241 |
| | |
| 27 | 17 25 37 52 63 75 92 102 119 132 144 160 175 191 212 231 |
| | |
| 28 | 19 31 49 65 83 100 117 133 147 161 174 187 200 213 227 242 |
| | |
| 29 | 18 31 52 68 88 103 117 126 138 149 163 177 192 207 223 239 |
| | |
| 30 | 16 29 47 61 76 90 106 119 133 147 161 176 193 209 224 240 |
| | |
| 31 | 15 21 35 50 61 73 86 97 110 119 129 141 175 198 218 237 |
+----+------------------------------------------------------------+
+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| i | +0 | +1 | +2 | +3 |
+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 0 | 4096 | 4095 | 4091 | 4085 |
| | | | | |
| 4 | 4076 | 4065 | 4052 | 4036 |
| | | | | |
| 8 | 4017 | 3997 | 3973 | 3948 |
| | | | | |
| 12 | 3920 | 3889 | 3857 | 3822 |
| | | | | |
| 16 | 3784 | 3745 | 3703 | 3659 |
| | | | | |
| 20 | 3613 | 3564 | 3513 | 3461 |
| | | | | |
| 24 | 3406 | 3349 | 3290 | 3229 |
| | | | | |
| 28 | 3166 | 3102 | 3035 | 2967 |
| | | | | |
| 32 | 2896 | 2824 | 2751 | 2676 |
| | | | | |
| 36 | 2599 | 2520 | 2440 | 2359 |
| | | | | |
| 40 | 2276 | 2191 | 2106 | 2019 |
| | | | | |
| 44 | 1931 | 1842 | 1751 | 1660 |
| | | | | |
| 48 | 1568 | 1474 | 1380 | 1285 |
| | | | | |
| 52 | 1189 | 1093 | 995 | 897 |
| | | | | |
| 56 | 799 | 700 | 601 | 501 |
| | | | | |
| 60 | 401 | 301 | 201 | 101 |
| | | | | |
| 64 | 0 | -101 | -201 | -301 |
| | | | | |
| 68 | -401 | -501 | -601 | -700 |
| | | | | |
| 72 | -799 | -897 | -995 | -1093 |
| | | | | |
| 76 | -1189 | -1285 | -1380 | -1474 |
| | | | | |
| 80 | -1568 | -1660 | -1751 | -1842 |
| | | | | |
| 84 | -1931 | -2019 | -2106 | -2191 |
| | | | | |
| 88 | -2276 | -2359 | -2440 | -2520 |
| | | | | |
| 92 | -2599 | -2676 | -2751 | -2824 |
| | | | | |
| 96 | -2896 | -2967 | -3035 | -3102 |
| | | | | |
| 100 | -3166 | -3229 | -3290 | -3349 |
| | | | | |
| 104 | -3406 | -3461 | -3513 | -3564 |
| | | | | |
| 108 | -3613 | -3659 | -3703 | -3745 |
| | | | | |
| 112 | -3784 | -3822 | -3857 | -3889 |
| | | | | |
| 116 | -3920 | -3948 | -3973 | -3997 |
| | | | | |
| 120 | -4017 | -4036 | -4052 | -4065 |
| | | | | |
| 124 | -4076 | -4085 | -4091 | -4095 |
| | | | | |
| 128 | -4096 | | | |
+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+-------+------------------+
| Index | Subframe Offsets |
+-------+------------------+
| 0 | 0 0 0 0 |
| | |
| 1 | 0 0 1 1 |
| | |
| 2 | 1 1 0 0 |
| | |
| 3 | -1 0 0 0 |
| | |
| 4 | 0 0 0 1 |
| | |
| 5 | 1 0 0 0 |
| | |
| 6 | -1 0 0 1 |
| | |
| 31 | 5 2 -2 -5 |
| | |
| 32 | 8 3 -2 -7 |
| | |
| 33 | -9 -3 3 9 |
+-------+------------------+
+-------+---------------------+
| Index | Filter Taps (Q7) |
+-------+---------------------+
| 0 | -6 27 61 39 5 |
| | |
| 1 | -11 42 88 4 1 |
| | |
| 2 | -2 60 65 6 -4 |
| | |
| 3 | -1 -5 73 56 1 |
| 28 | 0 -6 120 55 -36 |
| | |
| 29 | -13 44 122 4 -24 |
| | |
| 30 | 81 5 11 3 7 |
| | |
| 31 | 2 0 9 10 88 |
+-------+---------------------+
+-------------+-----------------------+-------------+---------------+
| Signal Type | Quantization Offset | Pulse Count | PDF |
| | Type | | |
+-------------+-----------------------+-------------+---------------+
| Inactive | Low | 0 | {2, 254}/256 |
| | | | |
| Inactive | Low | 1 | {207, 49}/256 |
| | | | |
| Inactive | Low | 2 | {189, 67}/256 |
| Unvoiced | High | 6 or more | {190, 66}/256 |
| | | | |
| Voiced | Low | 0 | {1, 255}/256 |
| | | | |
| Voiced | Low | 1 | {162, 94}/256 |
| | | | |
| Voiced | Low | 2 | {152, |
| | | | 104}/256 |
| | | | |
| Voiced | Low | 3 | {147, |
| | | | 109}/256 |
| | | | |
| Voiced | Low | 4 | {144, |
| | | | 112}/256 |
| | | | |
| Voiced | Low | 5 | {141, |
| | | | 115}/256 |
| | | | |
| Voiced | Low | 6 or more | {138, |
| | | | 118}/256 |
| | | | |
| Voiced | High | 0 | {8, 248}/256 |
| | | | |
| Voiced | High | 1 | {203, 53}/256 |
| | | | |
| Voiced | High | 2 | {187, 69}/256 |
| | | | |
| Voiced | High | 3 | {176, 80}/256 |
| | | | |
| Voiced | High | 4 | {168, 88}/256 |
| | | | |
| Voiced | High | 5 | {161, 95}/256 |
| | | | |
| Voiced | High | 6 or more | {154, |
| | | | 102}/256 |
+-------------+-----------------------+-------------+---------------+
4.0*LTP_scale_Q14
res[i] = ----------------- * clamp(-1.0,
gain_Q16[s]
d_LPC-1
__ a_Q12[k]
out[i] - \ out[i-k-1] * --------, 1.0)
/_ 4096.0
k=0
d_LPC-1
65536.0 __ a_Q12[k]
res[i] = ----------- * (lpc[i] - \ lpc[i-k-1] * --------)
gain_Q16[s] /_ 4096.0
k=0
4
e_Q23[i] __ b_Q7[k]
res[i] = --------- + \ res[i - pitch_lags[s] + 2 - k] * -------
2.0**23 /_ 128.0
k=0
d_LPC-1
gain_Q16[i] __ a_Q12[k]
lpc[i] = ----------- * res[i] + \ lpc[i-k-1] * --------
65536.0 /_ 4096.0
k=0
+--------+--------+------+-------+-------+-------------+------------+
| Frame | 2.5 ms | 5 ms | 10 ms | 20 ms | Start | Stop |
| Size: | | | | | Frequency | Frequency |
+--------+--------+------+-------+-------+-------------+------------+
| Band | Bins: | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 0 Hz | 200 Hz |
| | | | | | | |
| 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 200 Hz | 400 Hz |
| | | | | | | |
| 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 400 Hz | 600 Hz |
| | | | | | | |
| 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 600 Hz | 800 Hz |
| | | | | | | |
| 4 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 800 Hz | 1000 Hz |
| | | | | | | |
| 5 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 1000 Hz | 1200 Hz |
| | | | | | | |
| 6 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 1200 Hz | 1400 Hz |
| | | | | | | |
| 7 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 1400 Hz | 1600 Hz |
| | | | | | | |
| 8 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 16 | 1600 Hz | 2000 Hz |
| | | | | | | |
| 9 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 16 | 2000 Hz | 2400 Hz |
| | | | | | | |
| 10 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 16 | 2400 Hz | 2800 Hz |
| | | | | | | |
| 11 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 16 | 2800 Hz | 3200 Hz |
| | | | | | | |
| 12 | 4 | 8 | 16 | 32 | 3200 Hz | 4000 Hz |
| | | | | | | |
| 13 | 4 | 8 | 16 | 32 | 4000 Hz | 4800 Hz |
| | | | | | | |
| 14 | 4 | 8 | 16 | 32 | 4800 Hz | 5600 Hz |
| | | | | | | |
| 15 | 6 | 12 | 24 | 48 | 5600 Hz | 6800 Hz |
| | | | | | | |
| 16 | 6 | 12 | 24 | 48 | 6800 Hz | 8000 Hz |
| | | | | | | |
| 17 | 8 | 16 | 32 | 64 | 8000 Hz | 9600 Hz |
| | | | | | | |
| 18 | 12 | 24 | 48 | 96 | 9600 Hz | 12000 Hz |
| | | | | | | |
| 19 | 18 | 36 | 72 | 144 | 12000 Hz | 15600 Hz |
| | | | | | | |
| 20 | 22 | 44 | 88 | 176 | 15600 Hz | 20000 Hz |
+--------+--------+------+-------+-------+-------------+------------+
+---+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
+---+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 0 | 90 | 110 | 118 | 126 | 134 | 144 | 152 | 162 | 172 | 200 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| 0 | 80 | 100 | 110 | 119 | 127 | 137 | 145 | 155 | 165 | 200 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| 0 | 75 | 90 | 103 | 112 | 120 | 130 | 138 | 148 | 158 | 200 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| 0 | 69 | 84 | 93 | 104 | 114 | 124 | 132 | 142 | 152 | 200 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| 0 | 63 | 78 | 86 | 95 | 103 | 113 | 123 | 133 | 143 | 200 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| 0 | 56 | 71 | 80 | 89 | 97 | 107 | 117 | 127 | 137 | 200 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| 0 | 49 | 65 | 75 | 83 | 91 | 101 | 111 | 121 | 131 | 200 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| 0 | 40 | 58 | 70 | 78 | 85 | 95 | 105 | 115 | 125 | 200 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| 0 | 34 | 51 | 65 | 72 | 78 | 88 | 98 | 108 | 118 | 198 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| 0 | 29 | 45 | 59 | 66 | 72 | 82 | 92 | 102 | 112 | 193 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| 0 | 20 | 39 | 53 | 60 | 66 | 76 | 86 | 96 | 106 | 188 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| 0 | 18 | 32 | 47 | 54 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 | 183 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| 0 | 10 | 26 | 40 | 47 | 54 | 64 | 74 | 84 | 94 | 178 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| 0 | 0 | 20 | 31 | 39 | 47 | 57 | 67 | 77 | 87 | 173 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| 0 | 0 | 12 | 23 | 32 | 41 | 51 | 61 | 71 | 81 | 168 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 25 | 35 | 45 | 55 | 65 | 75 | 163 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 17 | 29 | 39 | 49 | 59 | 69 | 158 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 23 | 33 | 43 | 53 | 63 | 153 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 26 | 36 | 46 | 56 | 148 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 30 | 45 | 129 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 20 | 104 |
+---+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+------------+ +---------+
| Sample | | SILK |------+
+->| Rate |--->| Encoder | V
+-----------+ | | Conversion | | | +---------+
| Optional | | +------------+ +---------+ | Range |
->| High-pass |--+ | Encoder |---->
| Filter | | +--------------+ +---------+ | | Bit-
+-----------+ | | Delay | | CELT | +---------+ stream
+->| Compensation |->| Encoder | ^
| | | |------+
+--------------+ +---------+
+----------+ +--------+ +---------+
| Sample | | Stereo | | SILK |
------>| Rate |--->| Mixing |--->| Core |---------->
Input |Conversion| | | | Encoder | Bitstream
+----------+ +--------+ +---------+
+---+
+--------------------------------->| |
+---------+ | +---------+ | |
|Voice | | |LTP |12 | |
+-->|Activity |--+ +----->|Scaling |-----------+---->| |
| |Detection|3 | | |Control |<--+ | | |
| +---------+ | | +---------+ | | | |
| | | +---------+ | | | |
| | | |Gains | | | | |
| | | +-->|Processor|---|---+---|---->| R |
| | | | | |11 | | | | a |
| \/ | | +---------+ | | | | n |
| +---------+ | | +---------+ | | | | g |
| |Pitch | | | |LSF | | | | | e |
| +->|Analysis |---+ | |Quantizer|---|---|---|---->| |
| | | |4 | | | |8 | | | | E |-->
| | +---------+ | | +---------+ | | | | n | 2
| | | | 9/\ 10| | | | | c |
| | | | | \/ | | | | o |
| | +---------+ | | +----------+ | | | | d |
| | |Noise | +--|-->|Prediction|--+---|---|---->| e |
| +->|Shaping |---|--+ |Analysis |7 | | | | r |
| | |Analysis |5 | | | | | | | | |
| | +---------+ | | +----------+ | | | | |
| | | | /\ | | | | |
| | +----------|--|--------+ | | | | |
| | | \/ \/ \/ \/ \/ | |
| | | +----------+ +------------+ | |
| | | | | |Noise | | |
-+-------+-----+----->|Pre-filter|--------->|Shaping |-->| |
1 | | 6 |Quantization|13 | |
+----------+ +------------+ +---+
+--------+ +----------+
|2 x Down| |Time- |
+->|sampling|->|Correlator| |
| | | | | |4
| +--------+ +----------+ \/
| | 2 +-------+
| | +-->|Speech |5
+---------+ +--------+ | \/ | |Type |->
|LPC | |Down | | +----------+ | |
+->|Analysis | +->|sample |-+------------->|Time- | +-------+
| | | | |to 8 kHz| |Correlator|----------->
| +---------+ | +--------+ |__________| 6
| | | |3
| \/ | \/
| +---------+ | +----------+
| |Whitening| | |Time- |
-+->|Filter |-+--------------------------->|Correlator|----------->
1 | | | | 7
+---------+ +----------+
/ \ ___
| // \\
| // \\ ____
|_// \\___// \\ ____
| / ___ \ / \\ // \\
P |/ / \ \_/ \\_____// \\
o | / \ ____ \ / \\
w | / \___/ \ \___/ ____ \\___ 1
e |/ \ / \ \
r | \_____/ \ \__ 2
| \
| \___ 3
|
+---------------------------------------->
Frequency
16 d
__ -k -L __ -k
Wana(z) = (1 - \ a_ana(k) * z )*(1 - z * \ b_ana(k) * z )
/_ /_
k=1 k=-d
16 d
__ -k -L __ -k
Wsyn(z) = (1 - \ a_syn(k) * z )*(1 - z * \ b_syn(k) * z )
/_ /_
k=1 k=-d
+------------+------+-------------+--------+
| | hash | certificate | |
| error-code | hash | | e-text |
| error-code | | | e-text |
+------------+------+-------------+--------+
|<-------------- Emulated Service ---------------->|
| |
| |<------- Pseudo Wire ------>| |
| | | |
| | |<-- PSN Tunnels-->| | |
| V V V V |
V AC +----+ +----+ AC V
+-----+ | | PE1|==================| | | +-----+
| |----------|....|...PW1.(active)...|....|----------| |
| | | |==================| | | CE2 |
| CE1 | +----+ |PE2 | | |
| | +----+ | | +-----+
| | | |==================| |
| |----------|....|...PW2.(standby)..| |
+-----+ | | PE3|==================| |
AC +----+ +----+
|<-------------- Emulated Service ---------------->|
| |
| |<------- Pseudowire ------->| |
| | | |
| | |<-- PSN Tunnels-->| | |
| V V V V |
V AC +----+ +----+ AC V
+-----+ | |....|.......PW1........|....| | +-----+
| |----------| PE1|...... .........| PE3|----------| |
| CE1 | +----+ \ / PW3 +----+ | CE2 |
| | +----+ X +----+ | |
| | | |....../ \..PW4....| | | |
| |----------| PE2| | PE4|--------- | |
+-----+ | |....|.....PW2..........|....| | +-----+
AC +----+ +----+ AC
Native |<----------- Pseudowires ----------->| Native
Service | | Service
(AC) | |<-PSN1-->| |<-PSN2-->| | (AC)
| V V V V V V |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
+----+ | |T-PE1|=========|S-PE1|=========|T-PE2| | +----+
| |-------|......PW1-Seg1.......|.PW1-Seg2......|-------| |
| CE1| | |=========| |=========| | | CE2|
| | +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ | |
+----+ |.||.| |.||.| +----+
|.||.| +-----+ |.||.|
|.||.|=========| |========== .||.|
|.||...PW2-Seg1......|.PW2-Seg2...||.|
|.| ===========|S-PE2|============ |.|
|.| +-----+ |.|
|.|============+-----+============= .|
|.....PW3-Seg1.| | PW3-Seg2......|
==============|S-PE3|===============
| |
+-----+
|<----- Provider ----->|
Core
+------+ +------+
| n-PE |::::::::::::::::::::::| n-PE |
Provider | (P) |.......... .........| (P) | Provider
Access +------+ . . +------+ Access
Network X Network
(1) +------+ . . +------+ (2)
| n-PE |.......... .........| n-PE |
| (B) |......................| (B) |
+------+ +------+
+-------+ +-------+
| | PW | |
| PE1 |====================| PE2 |
| | | |
+-------+ +-------+
-----------------------------------
| |
| ------------------
| Y | Received Label | N
| -------| Mapping msg? |--------------
| | ------------------ |
| -------------- |
| | | |
| ------- ------- |
| | C=0 | | C=1 | |
| ------- ------- |
| | | |
| | ---------------- |
| | | Control Word | N |
| | | Capable? |----------- |
| | ---------------- | |
| | Y | | |
| | | | |
| | ---------------- | |
| | | Control Word | N | |
| | | Preferred? |---- | |
| | ---------------- | | |
| | Y | | | |
| --------------------- | | | |
| |Control Word change| | | | ----------------
| |from NOT PREFERRED | | | | | Control Word |
| | to PREFERRED? | | | | | Preferred? |
| --------------------- | | | ----------------
| Y | | N | | | N | Y |
| | Delete, and | | | | |
| | configure Send Send Send Send Send
| | new PW again C=1 C=0 C=0 C=0 C=1
| | | | | |
| ---------------------------- ----------------------------------
| |Send Label Release msg, | | If receive the same as sent, |
| |send Label Withdraw msg if| | PW setup is complete. If not: |
| |has sent Label Mapping msg| ----------------------------------
| ---------------------------- | | | |
| | ------------------- -----------
| ------------------- | Receive | | Receive |
| | Receive Label | | C=1 | | C=0 |
| | Release message | ------------------- -----------
| ------------------- | |
| | Wait for the Send
| ------------------- next message Wrong C-bit
| | Send Label | |
| | Request message | Send Label
| ------------------- Mapping message
| |
-------------
+-----------------------------------+
| Metering Process |
| +-----------+ Selected |
Observed | | Selection | Packet +-------+ | Stream of
Packet -->| Process |---------->| Cache |--> Flow Records or
Stream | +-----------+ Stream +-------+ | Packet Reports
+-----------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------+
| Metering Process |
| +-----------+ Selected |
Observed | | Selection | Packet |
Packet -->| Process |----------+ +-------+ |
Stream | +-----------+ Stream +->| | | Stream of
| ... | Cache |--> Flow Records or
| +-----------+ Selected +->| | | Packet Reports
Observed | | Selection | Packet | +-------+ |
Packet -->| Process |----------+ |
Stream | +-----------+ Stream |
+-------------------------------------+
+---+ 0..* +---+ +---+ 0..* 1 +---+
| A |<>------| B | | A |-------->| B |
+---+ +---+ +---+ +---+
(a) Aggregation (b) Unidirectional association
+---------------+
| RDNSS with | | Enterprise
+------+ | public + |----| Intranet
| | | enterprise's | |
| |===== VPN =======| private names | |
| | +---------------+ +----+
| MIF | | FW |
| node | +----+
| | +---------------+ |
| |----- WLAN ------| RDNSS with |----| Public
| | | public names | | Internet
| | +---------------+ +----+
| | | FW |
| | +---------------+ +----+
| |---- cellular ---| RDNSS with | |
+------+ | public + | | Operator
| operator's |----| Intranet
| private names | |
+---------------+
+--------------------| |
+------+ IPv6 | RDNSS A |------| IPv6
| |-- interface 1 --| saying Peer is | |
| | | at: 2001:0db8:0::1 | |
| MIF | +--------------------+ +------+
| node | | Peer |
| | +--------------------+ +------+
| | IPv6 | RDNSS B | |
| |-- interface 2 --| saying Peer is | |
+------+ | at: 2001:0db8:1::1 |------| IPv6
+--------------------+ |
+-------------------| +-------+
+------+ IPv6 | RDNSS A |----| NAT64 |
| |-- interface 1 --| saying Peer is | +-------+
| | | at: A_Pref96:IPv4 | |
| MIF | +-------------------+ | +------+
| node | IPv4 +---| Peer |
| | +-------------------+ | +------+
| | IPv6 | RDNSS B | |
| |-- interface 2 --| saying Peer is | +-------+
+------+ | at: B_Pref96:IPv4 |----| NAT64 |
+-------------------+ +-------+
Information from | Information from | Resulting RDNSS
more trusted | less trusted | preference
interface A | interface B | selection
--------------------------+------------------------+-----------------
1. Medium preference | Medium preference | Default:
default | default | A, then B
--------------------------+------------------------+-----------------
2. Medium preference | High preference default| Default:
default | | A, then B
| Specific domains | Specific:
| | A, then B
--------------------------+------------------------+-----------------
3. Low preference default | Medium preference | Default:
| default | B, then A
--------------------------+------------------------+-----------------
4. Low preference default | Medium preference | Default:
| default | B, then A
Specific domains | | Specific:
| | A, then B
--------------------------+------------------------+-----------------
Application Node DHCPv6 server DHCPv6 server
on interface 1 on interface 2
| | |
| +-----------+ |
(1) | | open | |
| | interface | |
| +-----------+ |
| | |
(2) | |---option REQ-->|
| |<--option RESP--|
| | |
| +-----------+ |
(3) | | store | |
| | domains | |
| +-----------+ |
| | |
| +-----------+ |
(4) | | open | |
| | interface | |
| +-----------+ |
| | | |
(5) | |---option REQ------------------->|
| |<--option RESP-------------------|
| | | |
| +----------+ | |
(6) | | store | | |
| | domains | | |
| +----------+ | |
| | | |
Application Node RDNSS RDNSS
on interface 1 on interface 2
| | | |
(1) |--Name REQ-->| | |
| | | |
| +----------------+ | |
(2) | | RDNSS | | |
| | prioritization | | |
| +----------------+ | |
| | | |
(3) | |------------DNS resolution------>|
| |<--------------------------------|
| | | |
(4) |<--Name resp-| | |
| | | |
+-----+ 6to4 Tunnel +--------+ +------+ IPv6 +----+
| CPE |-------------|6to4 BR |--| PT66 |--------- |Host|
+-----+ IPv4 +--------+ +------+ Provider +----+
Network Prefix
Unified or Separate
Functions/Platforms
| 6to4 IPv4 Path | Native IPv6 Path |
----------- ----------- -------------
/ IPv4 Net \ / IPv6 Net \ / IPv6 Internet \
+------+ +--------+ +-------+ +---------+
| CPE | PrefixA |6to4-PMT| PrefixB |Peering| |IPv6 HOST|
+------+ +--------+ +-------+ +---------+
\ / \ / \ /
---------- ------------ --------------
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 Bits
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
2002 : 0C98 : 2C01 : 0000 : xxxx : xxxx : xxxx : xxxx
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| | | | | |
---- ---- | | | |
| | | | | |
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
2001 : 0db8 : 0c98 : 2c01 : xxxx : xxxx : xxxx : xxxx
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
+--------+ +-------+ +--------+
| Client | | Relay | | Server |
+--------+ +-------+ +--------+
<----------> <---------->
peer connection A peer connection B
+------+ ---------> +------+ ---------> +------+
| | 1. Request | | 2. Request | |
| NAS | | DRL | | HMS |
| | 4. Answer | | 3. Answer | |
+------+ <--------- +------+ <--------- +------+
example.net example.net example.com
+------+ ---------> +------+ ---------> +------+
| | RADIUS Request | | Diameter Request | |
| NAS | | TLA | | HMS |
| | RADIUS Answer | | Diameter Answer | |
+------+ <--------- +------+ <--------- +------+
example.net example.net example.com
+----------+
| AVP Flag |
| rules |
|----+-----|
AVP Section | |MUST |
Attribute Name Code Defined Data Type |MUST| NOT |
-----------------------------------------|----+-----|
Acct- 85 9.8.2 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Interim-Interval | | |
Accounting- 483 9.8.7 Enumerated | M | V |
Realtime-Required | | |
Acct- 50 9.8.5 UTF8String | M | V |
Multi-Session-Id | | |
Accounting- 485 9.8.3 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Record-Number | | |
Accounting- 480 9.8.1 Enumerated | M | V |
Record-Type | | |
Acct- 44 9.8.4 OctetString| M | V |
Session-Id | | |
Accounting- 287 9.8.6 Unsigned64 | M | V |
Sub-Session-Id | | |
Acct- 259 6.9 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Application-Id | | |
Auth- 258 6.8 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Application-Id | | |
Auth-Request- 274 8.7 Enumerated | M | V |
Type | | |
Authorization- 291 8.9 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Lifetime | | |
Auth-Grace- 276 8.10 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Period | | |
Auth-Session- 277 8.11 Enumerated | M | V |
State | | |
Re-Auth-Request- 285 8.12 Enumerated | M | V |
Type | | |
Class 25 8.20 OctetString| M | V |
Destination-Host 293 6.5 DiamIdent | M | V |
Destination- 283 6.6 DiamIdent | M | V |
Realm | | |
Disconnect-Cause 273 5.4.3 Enumerated | M | V |
Error-Message 281 7.3 UTF8String | | V,M |
Error-Reporting- 294 7.4 DiamIdent | | V,M |
Host | | |
Event-Timestamp 55 8.21 Time | M | V |
Experimental- 297 7.6 Grouped | M | V |
Result | | |
-----------------------------------------|----+-----|
+----------+
| AVP Flag |
| rules |
|----+-----|
AVP Section | |MUST |
Attribute Name Code Defined Data Type |MUST| NOT |
-----------------------------------------|----+-----|
Experimental- 298 7.7 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Result-Code | | |
Failed-AVP 279 7.5 Grouped | M | V |
Firmware- 267 5.3.4 Unsigned32 | | V,M |
Revision | | |
Host-IP-Address 257 5.3.5 Address | M | V |
Inband-Security | M | V |
-Id 299 6.10 Unsigned32 | | |
Multi-Round- 272 8.19 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Time-Out | | |
Origin-Host 264 6.3 DiamIdent | M | V |
Origin-Realm 296 6.4 DiamIdent | M | V |
Origin-State-Id 278 8.16 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Product-Name 269 5.3.7 UTF8String | | V,M |
Proxy-Host 280 6.7.3 DiamIdent | M | V |
Proxy-Info 284 6.7.2 Grouped | M | V |
Proxy-State 33 6.7.4 OctetString| M | V |
Redirect-Host 292 6.12 DiamURI | M | V |
Redirect-Host- 261 6.13 Enumerated | M | V |
Usage | | |
Redirect-Max- 262 6.14 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Cache-Time | | |
Result-Code 268 7.1 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Route-Record 282 6.7.1 DiamIdent | M | V |
Session-Id 263 8.8 UTF8String | M | V |
Session-Timeout 27 8.13 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Session-Binding 270 8.17 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Session-Server- 271 8.18 Enumerated | M | V |
Failover | | |
Supported- 265 5.3.6 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Vendor-Id | | |
Termination- 295 8.15 Enumerated | M | V |
Cause | | |
User-Name 1 8.14 UTF8String | M | V |
Vendor-Id 266 5.3.3 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Vendor-Specific- 260 6.11 Grouped | M | V |
Application-Id | | |
-----------------------------------------|----+-----|
+------------------+
| Diameter |
| Redirect Agent |
+------------------+
^ | 2. command + 'E' bit
1. Request | | Result-Code =
joe@example.com | | DIAMETER_REDIRECT_INDICATION +
| | Redirect-Host AVP(s)
| v
+-------------+ 3. Request +-------------+
| example.com |------------->| example.net |
| Relay | | Diameter |
| Agent |<-------------| Server |
+-------------+ 4. Answer +-------------+
(Origin-Host=nas.example.net) (Origin-Host=nas.example.net)
(Origin-Realm=example.net) (Origin-Realm=example.net)
(Destination-Realm=example.com) (Destination-Realm=example.com)
(Route-Record=nas.example.net)
+------+ ------> +------+ ------> +------+
| | (Request) | | (Request) | |
| NAS +-------------------+ DRL +-------------------+ HMS |
| | | | | |
+------+ <------ +------+ <------ +------+
example.net (Answer) example.net (Answer) example.com
(Origin-Host=hms.example.com) (Origin-Host=hms.example.com)
(Origin-Realm=example.com) (Origin-Realm=example.com)
1. Request +---------+ Link Broken
+-------------------------->|Diameter |----///----+
| +---------------------| | v
+------+--+ | 2. answer + 'E' set | Relay 2 | +--------+
|Diameter |<-+ (Unable to Forward) +---------+ |Diameter|
| | | Home |
| Relay 1 |--+ +---------+ | Server |
+---------+ | 3. Request |Diameter | +--------+
+-------------------->| | ^
| Relay 3 |-----------+
+---------+
+---------+ 1. Request +---------+ 2. Request +---------+
| Access |------------>|Diameter |------------>|Diameter |
| | | | | Home |
| Device |<------------| Relay |<------------| Server |
+---------+ 4. Answer +---------+ 3. Answer +---------+
(Missing AVP) (Missing AVP)
+-----------------------------------------------+
| Command Code |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
Attribute Name |CER|CEA|DPR|DPA|DWR|DWA|RAR|RAA|ASR|ASA|STR|STA|
--------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
Acct-Interim- |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0-1|0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Interval | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accounting-Realtime-|0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0-1|0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Required | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Acct-Application-Id |0+ |0+ |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Auth-Application-Id |0+ |0+ |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |
Auth-Grace-Period |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Auth-Request-Type |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Auth-Session-State |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Authorization- |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Lifetime | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0+ |0+ |
Destination-Host |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |0-1|0 |
Destination-Realm |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |
Disconnect-Cause |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Error-Message |0 |0-1|0 |0-1|0 |0-1|0 |0-1|0 |0-1|0 |0-1|
Error-Reporting-Host|0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0-1|0 |0-1|0 |0-1|
Failed-AVP |0 |0-1|0 |0-1|0 |0-1|0 |0-1|0 |0-1|0 |0-1|
Firmware-Revision |0-1|0-1|0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Host-IP-Address |1+ |1+ |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Inband-Security-Id |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Multi-Round-Time-Out|0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Origin-Host |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |
Origin-Realm |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |
Origin-State-Id |0-1|0-1|0 |0 |0-1|0-1|0-1|0-1|0-1|0-1|0-1|0-1|
Product-Name |1 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Proxy-Info |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0+ |0+ |0+ |0+ |0+ |0+ |
Redirect-Host |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0+ |0 |0+ |0 |0+ |
Redirect-Host-Usage |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0-1|0 |0-1|0 |0-1|
Redirect-Max-Cache- |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0-1|0 |0-1|0 |0-1|
Time | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Result-Code |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |1 |
Re-Auth-Request-Type|0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Route-Record |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0+ |0 |0+ |0 |0+ |0 |
Session-Binding |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Session-Id |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |
Session-Server- |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Failover | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Session-Timeout |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Supported-Vendor-Id |0+ |0+ |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Termination-Cause |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |
User-Name |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0-1|0-1|0-1|0-1|0-1|0-1|
Vendor-Id |1 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Vendor-Specific- |0+ |0+ |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Application-Id | | | | | | | | | | | | |
--------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+-----------+
| Command |
| Code |
+-----+-----+
Attribute Name | ACR | ACA |
------------------------------+-----+-----+
Acct-Interim-Interval | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Acct-Multi-Session-Id | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Accounting-Record-Number | 1 | 1 |
Accounting-Record-Type | 1 | 1 |
Acct-Session-Id | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Accounting-Sub-Session-Id | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Accounting-Realtime-Required | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Acct-Application-Id | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Auth-Application-Id | 0 | 0 |
Class | 0+ | 0+ |
Destination-Host | 0-1 | 0 |
Destination-Realm | 1 | 0 |
Error-Reporting-Host | 0 | 0+ |
Event-Timestamp | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Failed-AVP | 0 | 0-1 |
Origin-Host | 1 | 1 |
Origin-Realm | 1 | 1 |
Proxy-Info | 0+ | 0+ |
Route-Record | 0+ | 0 |
Result-Code | 0 | 1 |
Session-Id | 1 | 1 |
Termination-Cause | 0 | 0 |
User-Name | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Vendor-Specific-Application-Id| 0-1 | 0-1 |
------------------------------+-----+-----+
+---------+
| |
| AAA |
| |
+---------+
|
|
|
|
+--------+ +---------+ +--------+ +----------+
| IPv4 |----| |----| NAT- |----| IPv4 |
| Host | | NAS | | device | | Internet |
| | | | | | | |
+--------+ +---------+ +--------+ +----------+
+---------+
| |
| AAA |
| |
+---------+
|
|
|
+--------+ +---------+ +--------+ +----------+
| | | (C) | | | | |
| Host |----| NAS |----| NAT- |----| IPv4 |
| | | | | device | | Internet |
+--------+ +---------+ +--------+ +----------+
+---------+
| (C) |
| AAA |---------
| | |
+---------+ |
| |
| |
| |
+--------+ +---------+ +---------+ +----------+
| IPv4/ | | | | | | IPv4 |
| IPv6 |----| NAS |----| NAT- |----| Internet |
| Host | | | | device | | |
+--------+ +---------+ +---------+ +----------+
NAT controller (DNCA Diameter peer) NAT device (DNCA Diameter peer)
| |
| |
| |
Trigger |
| |
| NCR |
|------------------------------------------>|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| If able to comply
| with request, then
| create session state
| |
| |
| NCA |
|<------------------------------------------|
| |
| |
NAT controller (DNCA Diameter peer) NAT device (DNCA Diameter peer)
| |
| |
| |
Change of session |
attributes |
| |
| NCR |
|------------------------------------------>|
| |
| |
| If able to comply
| with the request:
| update session state
| |
| |
| NCA |
|<------------------------------------------|
| |
NAT controller (DNCA Diameter peer) NAT device (DNCA Diameter peer)
| |
| |
| |
DNCA Session Established |
| |
| NCR |
|------------------------------------------>|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Look up corresponding session
| and associated NAT-bindings
| |
| NCA |
|<------------------------------------------|
| |
| |
| |
NAT controller (DNCA Diameter peer) NAT device (DNCA Diameter peer)
| |
| |
Trigger |
| |
| STR |
|------------------------------------------->|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Send accounting stop |
|<-------------------------------------------|
| reporting all session bindings |
| |
| |
| Remove NAT-bindings
| of session
| |
| Terminate session /
| Remove session state
| |
| |
| |
| STA |
|<-------------------------------------------|
| |
| |
NAT controller (DNCA Diameter peer) NAT device (DNCA Diameter peer)
| |
| |
| Trigger
| |
| ASR |
|<-------------------------------------------|
| |
| |
| |
| ASA |
|------------------------------------------->|
| |
| |
| |
| On successful ASA |
|<------Session Termination Procedure------->|
+---------+
| AVP |
| Flag |
| rules |
+-----------------------------------------------|-----+---+---------+
| AVP | | | |
| Attribute Name Code Data Type |MUST |MAY| Encr |
+-----------------------------------------------+-----+---+---------+
|Acct-Interim-Interval 85 Unsigned32 | M | P | Y |
|Auth-Application-Id 258 Unsigned32 | M | P | N |
|Destination-Host 293 DiamIdent | M | P | N |
|Destination-Realm 283 DiamIdent | M | P | N |
|Error-Message 281 UTF8String | M | P | N |
|Error-Reporting-Host 294 DiamIdent | M | P | N |
|Failed-AVP 279 Grouped | M | P | N |
|Origin-Host 264 DiamIdent | M | P | N |
|Origin-Realm 296 DiamIdent | M | P | N |
|Origin-State-Id 278 Unsigned32 | M | P | N |
|Proxy-Info 284 Grouped | M | P | N |
|Result-Code 268 Unsigned32 | M | P | N |
|Route-Record 282 DiamIdent | M | | N |
|Session-Id 263 UTF8String | M | P | Y |
|User-Name 1 UTF8String | M | P | Y |
+-----------------------------------------------+-----+---+---------+
Table 1: DIAMETER AVPs from the Diameter Base Protocol
The following table describes the AVPs reused from the Diameter
Network Access Server Application [RFC4005]; their AVP Code values,
types, and possible flag values; and whether the AVP MAY be
encrypted. The [RFC6733] specifies the AVP Flag rules for AVPs in
Section 4.5. The Diameter AVP rules are defined in the [RFC6733],
Section 4.
+---------------------+
| AVP Flag Rules |
+------------------+------+------------|----+-----+----+-----|----+
| | AVP | | | |SHLD| MUST| |
| Attribute Name | Code | Value Type|MUST| MAY | NOT| NOT|Encr|
|------------------|------|------------|----+-----+----+-----|----|
| NAS-Port | 5 | Unsigned32 | M | P | | V | Y |
| NAS-Port-Id | 87 | UTF8String | M | P | | V | Y |
| Calling-Station- | 31 | UTF8String | M | P | | V | Y |
| Id | | | | | | | |
| Framed-IP-Address| 8 | OctetString| M | P | | V | Y |
| Framed-Interface-| 96 | Unsigned64 | M | P | | V | Y |
| Id | | | | | | | |
| Framed-IPv6- | 97 | OctetString| M | P | | V | Y |
| Prefix | | | | | | | |
+------------------+------+------------|----+-----+----+-----|----+
Table 2: Reused NASREQ Diameter application AVPs. Please refer to
[RFC6733] for the definition of the Diameter AVP Flag rules and the
associated abbreviations used in the table.
The following table describes the AVPs reused from the "Traffic
Classification and Quality of Service (QoS) Attributes for Diameter"
[RFC5777]; their AVP Code values, types, and possible flag values;
and whether the AVP MAY be encrypted. [RFC6733] specifies the AVP
Flag rules for AVPs in Section 4.5. The Diameter AVP rules are
defined in [RFC6733], Section 4.
+---------+
| AVP |
| Flag |
| Rules |
+-----------------------------------------------|-----+---+---------+
| AVP | | | |
| Attribute Name Code Data Type |MUST |MAY| Encr |
+-----------------------------------------------+-----+---+---------+
|Port 530 Integer32 | M | P | Y |
|Protocol 513 Enumerated | M | P | Y |
|Direction 514 Enumerated | M | P | Y |
+-----------------------------------------------+-----+---+---------+
+---------+
| AVP |
| Flag |
| Rules |
+-----------------------------------------------|-----+---+---------+
| AVP | | | |
| Attribute Name Code Data Type |MUST |MAY| Encr |
+-----------------------------------------------+-----+---+---------+
|Address-Realm 301 OctetString | M,V | | Y |
|Logical-Access-Id 302 OctetString | V | M | Y |
|Physical-Access-ID 313 UTF8String | V | M | Y |
+-----------------------------------------------+-----+---+---------+
+---------+
| AVP |
| Flag |
| Rules |
+--------------------------------------------------|-----+---+------+
| AVP | | | |
| Attribute Name Code Sect. Data Type |MUST |MAY| Encr |
+--------------------------------------------------+-----+---+------+
|NC-Request-Type 595 8.7.1 Enumerated | M | P | Y |
|NAT-Control-Install 596 8.7.2 Grouped | M | P | Y |
|NAT-Control-Remove 597 8.7.3 Grouped | M | P | Y |
|NAT-Control-Definition 598 8.7.4 Grouped | M | P | Y |
|NAT-Internal-Address 599 8.7.5 Grouped | M | P | Y |
|NAT-External-Address 600 8.7.6 Grouped | M | P | Y |
|Max-NAT-Bindings 601 8.7.7 Unsigned32 | M | P | Y |
|NAT-Control- 602 8.7.8 OctetString| M | P | Y |
| Binding-Template | | | |
|Duplicate- 603 8.7.9 UTF8String | M | P | Y |
| Session-Id | | | |
|NAT-External-Port- 604 8.7.10 Enumerated | M | P | Y |
| Style | | | |
|NAT-Control-Record 605 9.2.1 Grouped | M | P | Y |
|NAT-Control- 606 9.2.2 Enumerated | M | P | Y |
| Binding-Status | | | |
|Current-NAT-Bindings 607 9.2.3 Unsigned32 | M | P | Y |
+--------------------------------------------------+-----+---+------+
+-------------------+
| Command Code |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Attribute Name NCR NCA |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
|NC-Request-Type 1 1 |
|NAT-Control-Install 0-1 0 |
|NAT-Control-Remove 0-1 0 |
|NAT-Control-Definition 0 0 |
|Current-NAT-Bindings 0 0 |
|Duplicate-Session-Id 0 0-1 |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
+-------------------+
| Command Code |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Attribute Name NCR NCA |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
|NC-Request-Type 1 1 |
|NAT-Control-Install 0 0 |
|NAT-Control-Remove 0 0 |
|NAT-Control-Definition 0 0+ |
|NAT-External-Address 0+ 0 |
|Current-NAT-Bindings 0 1 |
|Duplicate-Session-Id 0 0 |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
The following table lists DNCA-specific AVPs, which may or may not be
present in ACR and ACA messages.
+-------------------+
| Command Code |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Attribute Name ACR ACA |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
|NAT-Control-Record 0+ 0 |
|Current-NAT-Bindings 1 0 |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
endpoint NAT controller (within NAS) NAT device
| | |
| | |
| 1. Trigger | |
|--------------------------->| |
| +-------------------------------------+ |
| | 2. Determine that NAT control | |
| | is required for the endpoint | |
| +-------------------------------------+ |
| | |
| | |
| ...................................
| .| 3. Diameter Base CER/CEA |.
| .|<----------------------------->|.
| ...................................
| | |
| | |
| | 4. NCR |
| |------------------------------>|
| | |
| | 5. DNCA session
| | established
| | |
| | 6. NCA |
| |<------------------------------|
| | |
| | |
| 7. Data traffic |
|----------------------------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | |
| | 8. NAT-bindings
| | created as per
| | directives in the
| | DNCA session
| | |
NAT controller NAT device
| |
| |
+--------------+ |
| 1. Trigger | |
+--------------+ |
| |
| |
| 2. STR |
|-------------------------------------->|
| |
| 3. DNCA session
| lookup
| 4. ACR |
|<--------------------------------------|
| |
| 5. ACA |
|-------------------------------------->|
| |
| |
| 6. DNCA bindings
| and session cleanup
| |
| 7. STA |
|<--------------------------------------|
| |
+--------+
|Diameter|
|Server |
+--------+
^
Back-End | IKEv2 Server<->HAAA Server
Support | Interaction
Protocol | (this document)
v
+---------+ +---------------+
| IKEv2 | Front-End Protocol |IKEv2 Server/ |
| Peer |<-------------------->|Diameter Client|
+---------+ IKEv2 +---------------+
+-------------------+
| Command Code |
|---------+---------+
AVP Name | IKESKR | IKESKA |
-------------------------------|---------+---------+
Key | 0 | 0-1 |
Key-SPI | 0-1 | 0 |
IKEv2-Nonces | 1 | 0 |
IKEv2-Identity | 1 | 0 |
Responder-Identity | 0 | 0-1 |
+---------+---------+
Command Code | Value
---------------------------------+------
IKEv2-SK-Request/Answer | 329
Application Identifier | Value
-------------------------------+------
Diameter IKE SK (IKESK) | 11
+---LoST-Sync-->\\ //<--LoST-Sync----+
| ----- |
| |
\/ \/
----- -----
// \\ // \\
/ \ / \
| Forest | | Forest |
| Guide | | Guide |
| Austria | | Finland
\ / \ /
+--------->\\ //<--------+ \\ //
| ----- | -----
| /\ | |
LoST | LoST //------\\
Sync LoST Sync |Co-Located|
| Sync | | LoST |
\/ | \/ | Server |
//----\\ \/ //----\\ \\------//
| LoST | //----\\ | LoST |
| Server | | LoST | | Server |
| 'East' | | Server | |'Vienna'|
\\----// | 'West' | \\----//
\\----//
+---------+ +---------+
| Node B | | Node A |
| acting | | acting |
| as | | as |
| LoST | | LoST |
| Sync | | Sync |
| Dest. | | Source |
+---------+ +---------+
| |
| |
| |
| <getMappingsRequest> |
|----------------------------->|
| |
| <getMappingsResponse> |
|<-----------------------------|
| |
| |
| |
+---------+ +---------+
| Node A | | Node B |
| acting | | acting |
| as | | as |
| LoST | | LoST |
| Sync | | Sync |
| Source | | Dest. |
+---------+ +---------+
| |
| |
| |
| <pushMappingsRequest> |
|----------------------------->|
| |
| <pushMappingsResponse> |
|<-----------------------------|
| |
| |
| |
Layer | IP | ILNP
---------------+----------------------+---------------
Application | FQDN or IP Address | FQDN
Transport | IP Address | Identifier
Network | IP Address | Locator
Physical i/f | IP Address | MAC address
---------------+----------------------+---------------
site . . . . +----+
network . .-----+ CN |
. . . . +------+ link1 . . +----+
. . | +------. .
. D . | | . .
. .----+ SBR | . Internet .
. H . | | . .
. . | +------. .
. . . . +------+ link2 . .
. .
. . . .
site . . . . +----+
network . .-----+ CN |
. . . . +------+ . . +----+
. . | +------. .
. . | | . .
. .----+ SBR | . Internet .
. H . | | . .
. . | | . .
. . . . +------+ . .
. .
. . . .
site . . . .
network . .
. . . . +------+ L_1 . .
. . | +------. .
. . | | . .
. .----+ SBR | . Internet .
. . | | . .
. H . | +------. .
. . . . +------+ L_2 . .
. .
. . . .
site . . . .
network . .
. . . . +-------+ L_1 . .
. . | +------. .
. . | | . .
. .---+ SBR_A | . .
. . | | . .
. . | | . .
. . +-------+ . .
. . ^ . .
. . | CP . Internet .
. . v . .
. . +-------+ L_2 . .
. . | +------. .
. . | | . .
. .---+ SBR_B | . .
. . | | . .
. . | | . .
. . . . +-------+ . .
. .
. . . .
site . . . .
network A . .
. . . . +-------+ L_A . .
. . | +------. .
. . | | . .
. .---+ SBR_A | . .
. . | | . .
. H(1) . | | . .
. . +-------+ . .
. . . . . . . .
. H(2) . . Internet .
. . . . . . . .
. . +-------+ L_B . .
. H(3) . | +------. .
. . | | . .
. .---+ SBR_B | . .
. . | | . .
. . | | . .
. . . . +-------+ . .
site . .
network B . . . .
site ISP_1
network SBR . . .
. . . . +------+ L_1 . .
. . | ra1+------. .
. .----+ | . .
. H . | ra2+-- . .
. . . . +------+ . .
. . .
Figure 6.2a: ILNP Mobile Network before Handover
site ISP_1
network SBR . . .
. . . . +------+ L_1 . .
. . | ra1+------. . . . .
. .----+ | . .
. H . | ra2+------. .
. . . . +------+ L_2 . . . . .
. .
. . .
ISP_2
Figure 6.2b: ILNP Mobile Network during Handover
site ISP_2
network SBR . . .
. . . . +------+ . .
. . | ra1+-- . .
. .----+ | . .
. H . | ra2+------. .
. . . . +------+ . .
. . .
Figure 6.2c: ILNP Mobile Network after Handover
/* IPv6 */
| 64 bits | 64 bits |
+-------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| IPv6 Unicast Routing Prefix | Interface Identifier |
+-------------------------------------+-------------------------+
/* ILNPv6 */
| 64 bits | 64 bits |
+-------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Locator | Node Identifier (NID) |
+-------------------------------------+-------------------------+
/* IPv6 */
| 3 | 45 bits | 16 bits | 64 bits |
+---+---------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
|001|global routing prefix| subnet ID | Interface Identifier |
+---+---------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
/* ILNPv6 */
| 64 bits | 64 bits |
+---+---------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
| Locator (L64) | Node Identifier (NID) |
+---+---------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
/* IPv6 */
| 3 | 45 bits | 16 bits | 64 bits |
+---+---------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
|001|global routing prefix| subnet ID | Interface Identifier |
+---+---------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
/* ILNPv6 */
| 64 bits | 64 bits |
+---+---------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
| Locator (L64) | Node Identifier (NID) |
+---+---------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
+<-------- L_pp --------->+<- L_ss -->+
24 bits 8 bits
+------------------------+----------+
| Locator (L32) |
+------------------------+----------+
+<------- L_pp --------->+<- L_ss ->+
new DNS RR type | Purpose
-----------------+------------------------------------------------
NID | store the value of a Node Identifier
L32 | store the value of a 32-bit Locator for ILNPv4
L64 | store the value of a 64-bit Locator for ILNPv6
LP | points to a (several) L32 and/or L64 record(s)
-----------------+------------------------------------------------
site . . . . +----+
network SBR . .-----+ CN |
. . . . +------+ L_1 . . +----+
. . | +------. .
. .L_L | | . .
. .----+ | . Internet .
. H . | | . .
. . | | . .
. . . . +------+ . .
. .
. . . .
24 bits 8 bits
+------------------------+----------+
| Locator (L32) |
+------------------------+----------+
+<------- L_pp --------->+<- L_ss ->+
site . . . . +----+
network SBR . .-----+ CN |
. . . . +------+ L_1 . . +----+
. . | sbr1+------. .
. .L_L | | . .
. .----+ | . Internet .
. H . | | . .
. . | sbr2+------. .
. . . . +------+ L_2 . .
. .
. . . .
site . . . .
network . .
. . . . +-------+ L_1 . .
. . | +------. .
. . | | . .
. .---+ SBR_A | . .
. . | | . .
. . | | . .
. . +-------+ . .
. . ^ . .
. . | CP . Internet .
. . v . .
. . +-------+ L_2 . .
. . | +------. .
. . | | . .
. .---+ SBR_B | . .
. . | | . .
. . | | . .
. . . . +-------+ . .
. .
. . . .
site ISP_1
network SBR . . .
. . . . +------+ L_1 . .
. . L_L | ra1+------. .
. .----+ | . .
. H . | ra2+-- . .
. . . . +------+ . .
. . .
site ISP_1
network SBR . . .
. . . . +------+ L_1 . .
. . L_L | ra1+------. . . . .
. .----+ | . .
. H . | ra2+------. .
. . . . +------+ L_2 . . . . .
. .
. . .
ISP_2
site ISP_2
network SBR . . .
. . . . +------+ . .
. . L_L | ra1+-- . .
. .----+ | . .
. H . | ra2+------. .
. . . . +------+ L_2 . .
. . .
site . . . .
network SBR . .
. . . . +------+ L_1 . .
. . | sbr1+------. .
. H2 .L_L | | . .
. H3 .----+ | . Internet .
. . | | . .
. H1 . | sbr2+------. .
. . . . +------+ L_2 . .
. .
. . . .
site . . . . +----+
network SBR . .-----+ CN |
. . . . +------+ L1,L2 . . +----+
. . | sbr1+--------. .
. H2 .L_L | | . .
. H3 .----+ sbr2+--------. Internet .
. . | | L3,L4 . .
. . | | . .
. H1 . | sbr3+--------. .
. . . . +------+ L5,L6 . .
. .
. . . .
site . . . . +----+
network SBR . .-----+ CN |
. . . . +------+ L_1 . . +----+
. . | +------. .
. H2 .L_L | | . .
. .----+ | . Internet .
. V*H1 . | | . .
. . | | . .
. . . . +------+ . .
. .
. . . .
site . . . . +----+
network 1 SBR1 . .-----+ CN |
. . . . +------+ L_1 . . +----+
. . | +------. .
. .L_L1| | . .
. .----+ | . Internet .
. V*H1 . | | . .
. . | | . .
. . . . +---+--+ . .
: . .
: . .
. . . . +---+--+ L_2 . .
. . | +------. .
. H2 .L_L2| | . .
. .----+ | . .
. . | | . .
. . | | . .
. . . . +------+ . .
site SBR2 . .
network 2 . . . .
v
|
+--+--+
| | src=[I_H, L_1], L_X --- (7b)
| LRR | dst=[I_H, L_X], L_1 --- (7c)
| |
+--+--+
|
v
<UDP: I_H, I_CN, P_H, P_CN><ILNP: L_X, L_CN> --- (7d)
+--------+ +---------------+
| |--(A)- Authorization Request ->| Resource |
| | | Owner |
| |<-(B)-- Authorization Grant ---| |
| | +---------------+
| |
| | +---------------+
| |--(C)-- Authorization Grant -->| Authorization |
| Client | | Server |
| |<-(D)----- Access Token -------| |
| | +---------------+
| |
| | +---------------+
| |--(E)----- Access Token ------>| Resource |
| | | Server |
| |<-(F)--- Protected Resource ---| |
+--------+ +---------------+
+--------+ +---------------+
| |--(A)------- Authorization Grant --------->| |
| | | |
| |<-(B)----------- Access Token -------------| |
| | & Refresh Token | |
| | | |
| | +----------+ | |
| |--(C)---- Access Token ---->| | | |
| | | | | |
| |<-(D)- Protected Resource --| Resource | | Authorization |
| Client | | Server | | Server |
| |--(E)---- Access Token ---->| | | |
| | | | | |
| |<-(F)- Invalid Token Error -| | | |
| | +----------+ | |
| | | |
| |--(G)----------- Refresh Token ----------->| |
| | | |
| |<-(H)----------- Access Token -------------| |
+--------+ & Optional Refresh Token +---------------+
+----------+
| Resource |
| Owner |
| |
+----------+
^
|
(B)
+----|-----+ Client Identifier +---------------+
| -+----(A)-- & Redirection URI ---->| |
| User- | | Authorization |
| Agent -+----(B)-- User authenticates --->| Server |
| | | |
| -+----(C)-- Authorization Code ---<| |
+-|----|---+ +---------------+
| | ^ v
(A) (C) | |
| | | |
^ v | |
+---------+ | |
| |>---(D)-- Authorization Code ---------' |
| Client | & Redirection URI |
| | |
| |<---(E)----- Access Token -------------------'
+---------+ (w/ Optional Refresh Token)
+----------+
| Resource |
| Owner |
| |
+----------+
^
|
(B)
+----|-----+ Client Identifier +---------------+
| -+----(A)-- & Redirection URI --->| |
| User- | | Authorization |
| Agent -|----(B)-- User authenticates -->| Server |
| | | |
| |<---(C)--- Redirection URI ----<| |
| | with Access Token +---------------+
| | in Fragment
| | +---------------+
| |----(D)--- Redirection URI ---->| Web-Hosted |
| | without Fragment | Client |
| | | Resource |
| (F) |<---(E)------- Script ---------<| |
| | +---------------+
+-|--------+
| |
(A) (G) Access Token
| |
^ v
+---------+
| |
| Client |
| |
+---------+
+----------+
| Resource |
| Owner |
| |
+----------+
v
| Resource Owner
(A) Password Credentials
|
v
+---------+ +---------------+
| |>--(B)---- Resource Owner ------->| |
| | Password Credentials | Authorization |
| Client | | Server |
| |<--(C)---- Access Token ---------<| |
| | (w/ Optional Refresh Token) | |
+---------+ +---------------+
+---------+ +---------------+
| | | |
| |>--(A)- Client Authentication --->| Authorization |
| Client | | Server |
| |<--(B)---- Access Token ---------<| |
| | | |
+---------+ +---------------+
+--------+ +---------------+
| |--(A)- Authorization Request ->| Resource |
| | | Owner |
| |<-(B)-- Authorization Grant ---| |
| | +---------------+
| |
| | +---------------+
| |--(C)-- Authorization Grant -->| Authorization |
| Client | | Server |
| |<-(D)----- Access Token -------| |
| | +---------------+
| |
| | +---------------+
| |--(E)----- Access Token ------>| Resource |
| | | Server |
| |<-(F)--- Protected Resource ---| |
+--------+ +---------------+
(A) GLOBAL IPv4 ISP NETWORK
+------------------+
6a44 customer network(s) |GLOBAL IPv4 | Upstream
+-----------+ ---| MTU >= 1308 +--- IPv4 network
---| Private | | ingress filtering| (<== no route
+----+ | IPv4 +-----+ | IPv6 optional | to 6a44 relays)
| |-----| |NAT44|----+ |
+----+ | +-----+ | +-------------+
6a44 ---|MTU >= 1308| | --+6a44 relay(s)|--- Upstream
client(s) | no | ---| +-------------+ IPv6 network
|native IPv6| | |
+-----------+ +------------------+
(B) PRIVATE IPv4 ISP NETWORK
+------------------+
|PRIVATE IPv4 |
| as above |
---| |
| +--------------+
| --+ ISP NAT44(s) |--- Upstream
as above ----+ +--------------+ IPv4 network
| |
| +--------------+
---| --+6a44 relay(s) |--- Upstream
| +--------------+ IPv6 network
| |
+------------------+
Customer network ISP network
+--------------+ +------------------+
Client |IPv4 CPE |IPv4 |
+----+ | +-----+ | +----------+
| ^ |-----| |NAT44|----+ |6a44 relay|---- IPv6
+-|-^+ | +-----+ | +----------+^
| | | ^ | ^ | ^ | |
| | +----------|---+ | +---------|--------+ |
| | | ^ | | |
| | >0/0| | |N/32< | |
| | | | |
| | Mapping | |
| | <a:w>-<N:Z> (*) | |
| | | |
| |A:W< >B:W| |
| |
IPv6 |C.N.Z.A/128< |C/48<
|0 47|48 79|80 95|96 127|
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 6a44-network | Customer-site |Tunnel | 6a44-client |
| IPv6 prefix | IPv4 address |mapped | local IPv4 |
| (C) | (N) |port(Z)| address (A) |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
6a44-client
<-- UDP/IPv4 address -->
<------------ 6a44-client IPv6 prefix --------->
<---------------- 6a44-client IPv6 address --------------------->
Octets: |0 |20 |28 |68 |
+----------+---+-------------------+-------//-----+
| IPv4 |UDP| IPv6 header | IPv6 payload |
+----------+---+-------------------+-------//-----+
Octets: |0 |20 |60 |
+----------+-------------------+-------//-----+
| IPv4 | IPv6 header | IPv6 payload |
+----------+-------------------+-------//-----+
"6a44-client IPv6 prefix" field
. from a 6a44 client = 0 (also denoted by ::/96)
. from a 6a44 relay = 6a44-client IPv6 prefix
|
Octets: |0 |20 |28| |40 |48
+----------+---+--|-+---+
| IPv4 |UDP| . | . |
+----------+---+----+-|-+
|
"Bubble ID" field
. from a 6a44 client: a client-selected value
. from a 6a44 relay:
- in a response bubble, copy of the received Bubble ID
- in an error-signaling bubble, 0
Initialization
________v________
/ \
| "6a44 disabled" |------------<-----------------+
\_________________/ ^
v no v6-add AND v4-add ^
+--------->--------------v ^
^ +--------------v--------------+ ^
^ | Reset the Attempt count | ^
^ | Renew the Bubble ID | ^
^ +--------------+--------------+ ^
^ +----->-------------v ^
^ ^ +--------------v--------------+ ^
^ ^ | Send a bubble | ^
^ ^ +--------------v--------------+ ^
^ ^ ________v________ ^
^ ^ Timer T1 / \ 4 attempts without answer ^
^ +----<-----| "Bubble sent" |-------->----------------+ ^
^ (1 to 1.5 s)\_________________/ v ^
^ v \ v6-add OR no v4-add v ^
^ Bubble received v +-----------------------------+
^ v-----------------<-----------+ v ^
^ _________v_________ ^ v ^
^ Timer T2 / \Bubble received ^ v ^
+----------<---| "Bubble received" |-------->----------+ v ^
^ (30 s - 4*T1)\___________________/ v ^
^ \ v6-add OR no v4-add v ^
^ +------->--------------------+
^ v ^
^ +----------------------------------+ ^
^ _______v________ ^
^ Timer T3 / \ v6-add OR no v4-add ^
+-----------<----| "No 6a44 relay" |----->-----------------------+
(30 min) \_________________/
(IPv4, A, B, UDP[W, W, ::/96, <current Bubble ID>])
|
+-------+--------+ |
| | 6a44 | |
| | client +------>---------- >B:W
| |function|A:W< UDP/IPv4
+-------+--------+
Host
[IPv6, <C.N.Z.A>, <C.N..E>,...]
|
| (IPv4, A, A2, IP-in-IP[encapsulated packet])
| |
+----|--+--------+ |
| | | 6a44 | |
| -->--+ client +------>------ >A2
| IPv6 |function|<A IPv4
+-------+--------+
Host
[IPv6, <C.N.Z.A>, X != <C.N...>, ...]
|
| (IPv4, B, A, UDP(W, W, [encapsulated packet])
| |
+----|--+--------+ |
| | | 6a44 | |
| -->--+ client +------>---------- >B:W
| IPv6 |function|A:W< UDP/IPv4
+-------+--------+
Host
(IPv4, B, A, UDP(W, W, [<C.N.Z>, <current Bubble ID>])
|
+-------+--------+ |
| | 6a44 | |
| | client +------<---------- <B:W
| | |A:W< UDP/IPv4
+-------+--------+
Host
(updates C.N.Z)
(IPv4, E, A, IP-in-IP, [IPv6, <C.N..A2>, <C.N.Z.A>, ...])
|
[decapsulated packet] |
| |
+----|--+--------+ |
| | | 6a44 | |
| --<--+ client +------<------ <A2
| IPv6 | |A< IPv4
+-------+--------+
Host
(IPv4, B, A, UDP(W, W, [IPv6, X, <C.N.Z.A>,...])
|
[decapsulated packet] |
| |
+----|--+--------+ |
| | | 6a44 | |
| --<--+ client +------<---------- <B:W
| IPv6 | |A:W< UDP/IPv4
+-------+--------+
Host
[IPv6, (X != <C...> AND != <Teredo(IPv4=B)>), <C.<N != B>.Z...>,...]
|
(IPv4, B, N, UDP(W, Z, |
[encapsulated packet])) |
| |
| +--------+ |
| >B:W | 6a44 |C/48< |
N:Z< ---<--------| relay |-------<---- C.N.Z...<
IPv4 | | IPv6
+--------+
(IPv4, N, B, UDP(Z, W, [::/96, Bubble ID]))
|
IPv4 | +--------+
------->----| |
>B:W| 6a44 |
| relay |
N:Z< -------<----| |
IPv4 | +--------+
|
|
(IPv4, B, N, UDP(W, Z, [<C.N.Z>, Bubble ID]))
(IPv4, N1, B, UDP(Z1, W, [IPv6, <C.N1.Z1...>, <C.N2.Z2...>, ...]))
|
IPv4 | +--------+
------->----| |
>B:W| 6a44 |
| relay |
| |
N2.Z2< -------<----| |
IPv4 | +--------+
| 6a44 relay
|
(IPv4, B, N2, UDP(W, Z2, [encapsulated packet]))
(IPv4, N, B, UDP(Z, W, [IPv6, <C.N.Z...>,
| (X != <C...> AND != <Teredo(IPv4=B)), ...]))
|
| [decapsulated packet]
| |
| +--------+ |
| B:W>| 6a44 | |
>B:W --->----------| relay |------->---- >
IPv4 | | IPv6
+--------+
198.51.100.8/30
198.51.100.4/30
10.1.1.0/30 10.1.1.4/30 198.51.100.0/30
.9 .10
.1 .2 .5 .6 ------------ .6 .5 .2 .1
R1-----------R2-----------R3--| |--R4----------R5----------R6
+---------+--------+ Location +-----------+
| | | Dereference | Location |
| LIS - LS +---------------+ Recipient |
| | | Protocol | |
+----+----+--------+ (3) +-----+-----+
| `. |
| Policy `. |
Location | Exchange `. |
Configuration | (*) | |
Protocol | +----+----+ |
(1) | | Rule | Location |
| | Maker | Conveyance |
+-----+----+ +---------+ Protocol |
| | (2) |
| Target +------------------------------+
| |
+----------+
An example scenario envisioned by this document is shown in Figure 3.
This diagram shows how a location dereference protocol fits with
location configuration and conveyance. [RFC5808] contains more
information on this scenario and others like it.
+-------------+
+------------+ | Location | +-----------+
| End Device | | Information | | Location |
| (Target) | | Server | | Recipient |
+-----+------+ +------+------+ +-----+-----+
| | |
.- + - - - - - - - - - - - - + -. |
: | locationRequest | : |
. |----(for location URI)-->| . |
: | | : Location |
. | locationResponse | . Configuration |
: |<-----(location URI)-----| : |
. | | . |
`- + - - - - - - - - - - - - + -' |
| | |
| Location Conveyance |
|~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~(location URI)~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~>|
| | |
| .- + - - - - - - - - - - - - + -.
| : | locationRequest | :
| . |<------(for civic)-------| .
| Dereferencing : | | :
| . | locationResponse | .
| : |--------(PIDF-LO)------->| :
| . | | .
| `- + - - - - - - - - - - - - + -'
| | |
+===============================================+
| 0 | Reserved |
+===+===========================================+
| 1 | Operator-Identifier as a variable-length |
| | Private Enterprise Number (PEN) |
+===+===========================================+
| 2 | Realm of the Operator |
+===+===========================================+
------------------ ------
| 0x03 | o | r | g | | 0x00 | length = 4
------------------ ------
----------------------------------------- ------
| 0x04 | i | e | t | f | 0x03 | o | r | g | | 0x00 | length = 9
----------------------------------------- ------
.-----------------------------. -
| GBS | ^ 1 ifEntry
| (TPS-TC) | v ifType: g9981(263), g9982(264),
+-----------------+---+-------+ - g9983(265), etc.
| TPS-TC \ | | | ^
+---------\ | | | | N ifEntry (N=1..32)
| PMS-TC )BCE 1 |...| BCE N | ) ifType: adsl(94), shdsl(169),
+---------/ | | | | vdsl(97), vdsl2(251),
| PMD / | | | v etc.
'-----------------+---+-------' -
+------------------------------------------+
| Autonomous System | +----+
| | |EP1 |
| /---+---| |
| To ----\ +----+ +----+ / | +----+
| Other \|FIR1|----------|FSR1|/ |
|Routers /| | | |\ |
| ----/ +----+ +----+ \ | +----+
| \---+---|EP2 |
| | | |
| | +----+
+------------------------------------------+
+-------+ +-------+
| CSP-1 | | CSP-2 |
+-------+ +-------+
| |
,--,--,--./ ,--,--,--.
,-' `-. ,-' `-.
(CDN Provider 'A')=====(CDN Provider 'B')
`-. (CDN-A) ,-' `-. (CDN-B) ,-'
`--'--'--' `--'--'--'
|
+----------+
| End User |
+----------+
=== CDN Interconnection
+-------+
|Content|
+-------+
|
,--,--,--. ,--,--,--.
,-' ISP A `-. ,-' ISP B `-.
( (CDN-A) )=====( (CDN-B) )
`-. ,-' `-. ,-'
`--'--'--' `--'--'--'
| |
+------------+ +---------------+
+ EU A (home)| | EU A (nomadic)|
+------------+ +---------------+
=== CDN Interconnection
+------------+
| TV Channel |
+------------+
| \
,-,--,-. \ ,-,--,-. ,-,--,-.
,' `. ,' `. ,' CDN-C `.
( CDN-A ) ( CDN-B )==( offload )
`. ,' `. ,' `. ,'
`-'--'-' `-'--'-' `-'--'-'
For this purpose, the algorithm described in Section 6.5.2 uses a
grid that ensures the same location information is reported while the
Target remains in the same geographical area.
,-----.
,----,-'. `-.
,-' / `-. \
,' / _...._ `. \
/ ,-'......`._\ :
; /|...........\: |
| / :.....x......+ ;
: | \...........;| /
\ | \........./ | /
`. \ `-.....,' ,''
'-.\ `-----'|
``.-----' ,'
`._ _,'
`'''
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
// | min | max | | |
// | lat | lat | Examples | o |
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
// | | | Tropics and subtropics | |
// | -45 | 45 | Africa | 0 |
// | | | Australia | |
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
// | | | Continental US | |
// | 25 | 50 | Mediterranean | 25 |
// | | | most of China | |
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
// | | | | |
// | 35 | 55 | Southern and Central | 35 |
// | | | Europe | |
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
// | | | | |
// | 45 | 60 | Central and Northern | 45 |
// | | | Europe | |
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
// | | | | |
// | 55 | 65 | most of Scandinavia | 55 |
// | | | | |
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
// | | | | |
// | 60 | 70 | | 60 |
// | | | | |
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
// | | | most of | |
// | -50 | -25 | Chile and Argentina | -50 |
// | | | New Zealand | |
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
// | | | | |
// | -35 | -55 | | -35 |
// | | | | |
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
// | | | | |
// | -45 | -60 | | -45 |
// | | | | |
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
// | | | | |
// | -55 | -65 | | -55 |
// | | | | |
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
// | | | | |
// | -60 | -70 | | -60 |
// | | | | |
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
ASBR3
***
* *
+------------* *-----------+
| AS1 * * |
| *** |
| |
| |
| |
| RR1 *** RR2 |
| *** * * *** |
|* * * P * * *|
|* * * * * *|
| *** *** *** |
| |
| IBGP |
| |
| |
| *** *** |
| * * * * |
+-----* *---------* *----+
* * * *
*** ***
ASBR1 ASBR2
EBGP
Figure 1: Simple route reflection
ASBR3
***
* *
+------------* *-----------+
| AS1 * * |
| *** |
| |
| RR1 RR2 |
| *** *** |
|* * *** * *|
|* * * * * *|
| *** * P * *** |
|* * * * * *|
|* * *** * *|
| *** *** |
| RR1' IBGP RR2'|
| |
| |
| *** *** |
| * * * * |
+-----* *---------* *----+
* * * *
*** ***
ASBR1 ASBR2
ASBR3
***
* *
+------------* *-----------+
| AS1 * * |
| IBGP *** |
| |
| *** |
| * * |
| RR1 * P * RR2 |
| *** * * *** |
|* * *** * *|
|* * * *|
| *** RR' *** |
| *** |
| * * |
| * * |
| *** |
| *** *** |
| * * * * |
+-----* *---------* *----+
* * * *
*** ***
ASBR1 ASBR2
---------------------------------------------------------------------
initial new DNSKEY DS change DNSKEY removal
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA_0 -----------------------------> SOA_1 ------------------------>
RRSIG_par(SOA) --------------------> RRSIG_par(SOA) --------------->
DS_K_1 ----------------------------> DS_K_2 ----------------------->
RRSIG_par(DS) ---------------------> RRSIG_par(DS) ---------------->
Child:
SOA_0 SOA_1 -----------------------> SOA_2
RRSIG_Z_10(SOA) RRSIG_Z_10(SOA) -------------> RRSIG_Z_10(SOA)
DNSKEY_K_1 DNSKEY_K_1 ------------------>
DNSKEY_K_2 ------------------> DNSKEY_K_2
DNSKEY_Z_10 DNSKEY_Z_10 -----------------> DNSKEY_Z_10
RRSIG_K_1(DNSKEY) RRSIG_K_1 (DNSKEY) ---------->
RRSIG_K_2 (DNSKEY) ----------> RRSIG_K_2(DNSKEY)
---------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------
initial new DS new DNSKEY DS removal
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA_0 SOA_1 ------------------------> SOA_2
RRSIG_par(SOA) RRSIG_par(SOA) ---------------> RRSIG_par(SOA)
DS_K_1 DS_K_1 ----------------------->
DS_K_2 -----------------------> DS_K_2
RRSIG_par(DS) RRSIG_par(DS) ----------------> RRSIG_par(DS)
Child:
SOA_0 -----------------------> SOA_1 ---------------------------->
RRSIG_Z_10(SOA) -------------> RRSIG_Z_10(SOA) ------------------>
DNSKEY_K_1 ------------------> DNSKEY_K_2 ----------------------->
DNSKEY_Z_10 -----------------> DNSKEY_Z_10 ---------------------->
RRSIG_K_1 (DNSKEY) ----------> RRSIG_K_2 (DNSKEY) --------------->
--------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------
initial new DNSKEY DS change DNSKEY removal
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA_0 --------------------------> SOA_1 ---------------------->
RRSIG_par(SOA) -----------------> RRSIG_par(SOA) ------------->
DS_S_1 -------------------------> DS_S_2 --------------------->
RRSIG_par(DS_S_1) --------------> RRSIG_par(DS_S_2) ---------->
Child:
SOA_0 SOA_1 ----------------------> SOA_2
RRSIG_S_1(SOA) RRSIG_S_1(SOA) ------------->
RRSIG_S_2(SOA) -------------> RRSIG_S_2(SOA)
DNSKEY_S_1 DNSKEY_S_1 ----------------->
DNSKEY_S_2 -----------------> DNSKEY_S_2
RRSIG_S_1(DNSKEY) RRSIG_S_1(DNSKEY) ---------->
RRSIG_S_2(DNSKEY) ----------> RRSIG_S_2(DNSKEY)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
initial new DS new RRSIG DS removal
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA_0 SOA_1 -------------------------> SOA_2
RRSIG_par(SOA) RRSIG_par(SOA) ----------------> RRSIG_par(SOA)
DS_S_1 DS_S_1 ------------------------>
DS_S_2 ------------------------> DS_S_2
RRSIG_par(DS) RRSIG_par(DS) -----------------> RRSIG_par(DS)
----------------------------------------------------------------
initial new RRSIGs new DNSKEY
----------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA_0 -------------------------------------------------------->
RRSIG_par(SOA) ----------------------------------------------->
DS_K_1 ------------------------------------------------------->
RRSIG_par(DS_K_1) -------------------------------------------->
----------------------------------------------------------------
new DS DNSKEY removal RRSIGs removal
----------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA_1 ------------------------------------------------------->
RRSIG_par(SOA) ---------------------------------------------->
DS_K_2 ------------------------------------------------------>
RRSIG_par(DS_K_2) ------------------------------------------->
Child:
-------------------> SOA_3 SOA_4
-------------------> RRSIG_Z_10(SOA)
-------------------> RRSIG_Z_11(SOA) RRSIG_Z_11(SOA)
------------------->
-------------------> DNSKEY_K_2 DNSKEY_K_2
------------------->
-------------------> DNSKEY_Z_11 DNSKEY_Z_11
------------------->
-------------------> RRSIG_K_2(DNSKEY) RRSIG_K_2(DNSKEY)
----------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------
revoke DNSKEY
---------------------------------
Parent:
----------------------------->
----------------------------->
----------------------------->
----------------------------->
Inception Signing Expiration
time time time
| | | | |
|------------------|---------------------------------|.....|.....|
| | | | |
+/-jitter
| Inception offset | |
|<---------------->| Validity Period |
| |<---------------------------------------->|
Inception Signing Reuse Reuse Reuse New Expiration
time time RRSIG time
| | | | | | |
|------------------|-------------------------------|-------|
| | | | | | |
<-----> <-----> <-----> <----->
Re-Sign Period
----------------------------------------------------------------
initial new RRSIGs new DNSKEY
----------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA_0 -------------------------------------------------------->
RRSIG_par(SOA) ----------------------------------------------->
DS_S_1 ------------------------------------------------------->
RRSIG_par(DS_S_1) -------------------------------------------->
----------------------------------------------------------------
new DS DNSKEY removal RRSIGs removal
----------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA_1 ------------------------------------------------------->
RRSIG_par(SOA) ---------------------------------------------->
DS_S_2 ------------------------------------------------------>
RRSIG_par(DS_S_2) ------------------------------------------->
Child:
-------------------> SOA_3 SOA_4
-------------------> RRSIG_S_1(SOA)
-------------------> RRSIG_S_2(SOA) RRSIG_S_2(SOA)
------------------->
-------------------> DNSKEY_S_2 DNSKEY_S_2
-------------------> RRSIG_S_1(DNSKEY)
-------------------> RRSIG_S_2(DNSKEY) RRSIG_S_2(DNSKEY)
----------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------
initial new RRSIGs new DNSKEY
----------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA_0 -------------------------------------------------------->
RRSIG_par(SOA) ----------------------------------------------->
DS_K_1 ------------------------------------------------------->
RRSIG_par(DS_K_1) -------------------------------------------->
----------------------------------------------------------------
new DS revoke DNSKEY DNSKEY removal
----------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA_1 ------------------------------------------------------->
RRSIG_par(SOA) ---------------------------------------------->
DS_K_2 ------------------------------------------------------>
RRSIG_par(DS_K_2) ------------------------------------------->
Child:
-------------------> SOA_3 SOA_4
-------------------> RRSIG_Z_1(SOA) RRSIG_Z_1(SOA)
-------------------> RRSIG_Z_2(SOA) RRSIG_Z_2(SOA)
-------------------> DNSKEY_K_1_REVOKED
-------------------> DNSKEY_K_2 DNSKEY_K_2
------------------->
-------------------> DNSKEY_Z_2 DNSKEY_Z_2
-------------------> RRSIG_K_1(DNSKEY)
-------------------> RRSIG_K_2(DNSKEY) RRSIG_K_2(DNSKEY)
----------------------------------------------------------------
RRSIGs removal
----------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
------------------------------------->
------------------------------------->
------------------------------------->
------------------------------------->
----------------------------------------------------------------
initial new RRSIGs new DNSKEY
----------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA_0 -------------------------------------------------------->
RRSIG_par(SOA) ----------------------------------------------->
DS_S_1 ------------------------------------------------------->
RRSIG_par(DS_S_1) -------------------------------------------->
----------------------------------------------------------------
new DS revoke DNSKEY DNSKEY removal
----------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA_1 ------------------------------------------------------->
RRSIG_par(SOA) ---------------------------------------------->
DS_S_2 ------------------------------------------------------>
RRSIG_par(DS_S_2) ------------------------------------------->
-------------------> RRSIG_Z_10(SOA)
-------------------> RRSIG_S_2(SOA) RRSIG_S_2(SOA)
-------------------> DNSKEY_S_1_REVOKED
-------------------> DNSKEY_Z_10
-------------------> DNSKEY_S_2 DNSKEY_S_2
-------------------> RRSIG_S_1(DNSKEY) RRSIG_S_1(DNSKEY)
-------------------> RRSIG_S_2(DNSKEY) RRSIG_S_2(DNSKEY)
----------------------------------------------------------------
RRSIGs removal
----------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
------------------------------------->
------------------------------------->
------------------------------------->
------------------------------------->
+--------+ -----
| | / \
Encap IPv6 Flow | 6rd | | IPv6 |
- - -> | Relay | <- > | Net |
+---------+ / | | \ /
| | / +--------+ -----
| 6rd + <----- -----
| | / \
| Client | IPv4 Flow | IPv4 |
| + < - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -> | Net |
| | \ /
+---------+ -----
+---------+ IPv4 Encapsulation +------------+
| +- - - - - - - - - - - + |
| 6rd +----------------------+ 6rd +------------
| | IPv6 Packet | Relay | IPv6 Packet
| Client +----------------------+ +------------
| +- - - - - - - - - - - + | ^
+---------+ ^ +------------+ |
| |
| |
IPv4 (Tools/Mgmt) IPv6 Flow Analysis
+--------+ -----
| | / \
IPv4 Flow | CGN | | |
- - -> + + < -> | |
+---------+ / | | | |
| CPE | <- - - / +--------+ | IPv4 |
|---------+ | Net |
| |
+---------+ IPv4 Flow | |
| CPE | <- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > | |
|---------+ \ /
-----
+--------+ -----
| | / \
IPv4 Flow | CGN | | IPv4 |
- - -> + + < -> | Net |
+---------+ / | | \ /
| | <- - - / +--------+ -------
| Dual |
| Stack | -----
| CPE | IPv6 Flow / IPv6 \
| | <- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > | Net |
|---------+ \ /
-----
The operator can also move Dual Stack endpoints to DS-Lite
retroactively to help optimize the IPv4 address-sharing deployment by
removing the IPv4 address assignment and routing component. To
minimize traffic needing translation, the operator should have
already moved most content to IPv6 before the IPv6-only phase is
implemented.
+--------+ -----
| | / \
Encap IPv4 Flow | AFTR | | IPv4 |
-------+ +---+ Net |
+---------+ / | | \ /
| | / +--------+ -----
| DS-Lite +------- -----
| | / \
| Client | IPv6 Flow | IPv6 |
| +-------------------------------| Net |
| | \ /
+---------+ -----
+---------+ IPv6 Encapsulation +------------+
| + - - - - - - - - - - -+ |
| AFTR +----------------------+ AFTR +------------
| | IPv4 Packet | | IPv4 Packet
| Client +----------------------+ +------------
| + - - - - - - - - - - -+ | ^
+---------+ ^ ^ +------------+ |
| | |
| | |
IPv6 (Tools/Mgmt) | IPv4 Packet Flow Analysis
|
Midstream IPv4 Packet Flow Analysis (Encapsulation Aware)
+--------+ -----
| | / \
IPv6 Flow | NAT64 | | IPv4 |
-------+ DNS64 +---+ Net |
+---------+ / | | \ /
| | / +--------+ -----
| IPv6 +------- -----
| | / \
| Only | IPv6 Flow | IPv6 |
| +-------------------------------| Net |
| | \ /
+---------+ -----
No Resp. or
+------------+ DNS Info. +-----------+ No Resp.
Start --> | Ask DHCP(1)| ---------> | Ask DNS(3)| ------>
+------------+ +-----------+ Terminate(4)
/ \ \
Only KRB / \ DNS and \ KRB Info.
Info. / \ KRB Info. \
/ \ \
| | |
| V |
V No Ans. +-----------+ KRB Info. V
Use Info. <-------- | Ask DNS(6)| ---------> Use Info.
from DHCP +-----------+ from DNS
(2), (7) (5), (8)
Attribute Name |Enc|
----------------------+---+
AUTH | N |
EAP-Payload | X |
Integrity-Algorithm | N |
Key-Id | N |
Nonce | N |
PRF-Algorithm | N |
Result-Code | N |
Session-Lifetime | X |
Termination-Cause | X |
----------------------+---+
Attribute Name |Enc|
----------------------+---+
PaC-Information | N |
Relayed-Message | N |
----------------------+---+
Attribute Name |Enc|
----------------------+---+
Encryption-Algorithm | N |
Encryption-Encap | N |
----------------------+---+
Attribute Name |Enc|
----------------------+---+
Example-AVP | Y |
----------------------+---+
MRCPv2 client MRCPv2 Media Resource Server
|--------------------| |------------------------------------|
||------------------|| ||----------------------------------||
|| Application Layer|| ||Synthesis|Recognition|Verification||
||------------------|| || Engine | Engine | Engine ||
||Media Resource API|| || || | || | || ||
||------------------|| ||Synthesis|Recognizer | Verifier ||
|| SIP | MRCPv2 || ||Resource | Resource | Resource ||
||Stack | || || Media Resource Management ||
|| | || ||----------------------------------||
||------------------|| || SIP | MRCPv2 ||
|| TCP/IP Stack ||---MRCPv2---|| Stack | ||
|| || ||----------------------------------||
||------------------||----SIP-----|| TCP/IP Stack ||
|--------------------| || ||
| ||----------------------------------||
SIP |------------------------------------|
| /
|-------------------| RTP
| | /
| Media Source/Sink |------------/
| |
|-------------------|
Idle Speaking Paused
State State State
| | |
|----------SPEAK-------->| |--------|
|<------STOP-------------| CONTROL |
|<----SPEAK-COMPLETE-----| |------->|
|<----BARGE-IN-OCCURRED--| |
| |---------| |
| CONTROL |-----------PAUSE--------->|
| |-------->|<----------RESUME---------|
| | |----------|
|----------| | PAUSE |
| BARGE-IN-OCCURRED | |--------->|
|<---------| |----------| |
| | SPEECH-MARKER |
| |<---------| |
|----------| |----------| |
| STOP | RESUME |
| | |<---------| |
|<---------| | |
|<---------------------STOP-------------------------|
|----------| | |
| DEFINE-LEXICON | |
| | | |
|<---------| | |
|<---------------BARGE-IN-OCCURRED------------------|
Idle Recognizing Recognized
State State State
| | |
|---------RECOGNIZE---->|---RECOGNITION-COMPLETE-->|
|<------STOP------------|<-----RECOGNIZE-----------|
| | |
| |--------| |-----------|
| START-OF-INPUT | GET-RESULT |
| |------->| |---------->|
|------------| | |
| DEFINE-GRAMMAR |----------| |
|<-----------| | START-INPUT-TIMERS |
| |<---------| |
|------| | |
| INTERPRET | |
|<-----| |------| |
| | RECOGNIZE |
|-------| |<-----| |
| STOP |
|<------| |
|<-------------------STOP--------------------------|
|<-------------------DEFINE-GRAMMAR----------------|
+------------+-----------------------+------------------------------+
| Cause-Code | Cause-Name | Description |
+------------+-----------------------+------------------------------+
| 000 | success | RECOGNIZE completed with a |
| | | match or DEFINE-GRAMMAR |
| | | succeeded in downloading and |
| | | compiling the grammar. |
| | | |
| 001 | no-match | RECOGNIZE completed, but no |
| | | match was found. |
| | | |
| 002 | no-input-timeout | RECOGNIZE completed without |
| | | a match due to a |
| | | no-input-timeout. |
| | | |
| 003 | hotword-maxtime | RECOGNIZE in hotword mode |
| | | completed without a match |
| | | due to a |
| | | recognition-timeout. |
| | | |
| 004 | grammar-load-failure | RECOGNIZE failed due to |
| | | grammar load failure. |
| | | |
| 005 | grammar-compilation- | RECOGNIZE failed due to |
| | failure | grammar compilation failure. |
| | | |
| 006 | recognizer-error | RECOGNIZE request terminated |
| | | prematurely due to a |
| | | recognizer error. |
| | | |
| 007 | speech-too-early | RECOGNIZE request terminated |
| | | because speech was too |
| | | early. This happens when the |
| | | audio stream is already |
| | | "in-speech" when the |
| | | RECOGNIZE request was |
| | | received. |
| | | |
| 008 | success-maxtime | RECOGNIZE request terminated |
| | | because speech was too long |
| | | but whatever was spoken till |
| | | that point was a full match. |
| | | |
| 009 | uri-failure | Failure accessing a URI. |
| | | |
| 010 | language-unsupported | Language not supported. |
| | | |
| 011 | cancelled | A new RECOGNIZE cancelled |
| | | this one, or a prior |
| | | RECOGNIZE failed while this |
| | | one was still in the queue. |
| | | |
| 012 | semantics-failure | Recognition succeeded, but |
| | | semantic interpretation of |
| | | the recognized input failed. |
| | | The RECOGNITION-COMPLETE |
| | | event MUST contain the |
| | | Recognition result with only |
| | | input text and no |
| | | interpretation. |
| | | |
| 013 | partial-match | Speech Incomplete Timeout |
| | | expired before there was a |
| | | full match. But whatever was |
| | | spoken till that point was a |
| | | partial match to one or more |
| | | grammars. |
| | | |
| 014 | partial-match-maxtime | The Recognition-Timeout |
| | | expired before full match |
| | | was achieved. But whatever |
| | | was spoken till that point |
| | | was a partial match to one |
| | | or more grammars. |
| | | |
| 015 | no-match-maxtime | The Recognition-Timeout |
| | | expired. Whatever was spoken |
| | | till that point did not |
| | | match any of the grammars. |
| | | This cause could also be |
| | | returned if the recognizer |
| | | does not support detecting |
| | | partial grammar matches. |
| | | |
| 016 | grammar-definition- | Any DEFINE-GRAMMAR error |
| | failure | other than |
| | | grammar-load-failure and |
| | | grammar-compilation-failure. |
+------------+-----------------------+------------------------------+
Idle Recording
State State
| |
|---------RECORD------->|
| |
|<------STOP------------|
| |
|<--RECORD-COMPLETE-----|
| |
| |--------|
| START-OF-INPUT |
| |------->|
| |
| |--------|
| START-INPUT-TIMERS |
| |------->|
| |
Idle Session Opened Verifying/Training
State State State
| | |
|--START-SESSION--->| |
| | |
| |----------| |
| | START-SESSION |
| |<---------| |
| | |
|<--END-SESSION-----| |
| | |
| |---------VERIFY--------->|
| | |
| |---VERIFY-FROM-BUFFER--->|
| | |
| |----------| |
| | VERIFY-ROLLBACK |
| |<---------| |
| | |
| | |--------|
| | GET-INTERMEDIATE-RESULT |
| | |------->|
| | |
| | |--------|
| | START-INPUT-TIMERS |
| | |------->|
| | |
| | |--------|
| | START-OF-INPUT |
| | |------->|
| | |
| |<-VERIFICATION-COMPLETE--|
| | |
| |<--------STOP------------|
| | |
| |----------| |
| | STOP |
| |<---------| |
| | |
|----------| | |
| STOP | |
|<---------| | |
| |----------| |
| | CLEAR-BUFFER |
| |<---------| |
| | |
|----------| | |
| CLEAR-BUFFER | |
|<---------| | |
| | |
| |----------| |
| | QUERY-VOICEPRINT |
| |<---------| |
| | |
|----------| | |
| QUERY-VOICEPRINT | |
|<---------| | |
| | |
| |----------| |
| | DELETE-VOICEPRINT |
| |<---------| |
| | |
|----------| | |
| DELETE-VOICEPRINT | |
|<---------| | |
+------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+
| Cause-Code | Cause-Name | Description |
+------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+
| 000 | success | VERIFY or |
| | | VERIFY-FROM-BUFFER |
| | | request completed |
| | | successfully. The verify |
| | | decision can be |
| | | "accepted", "rejected", |
| | | or "undecided". |
| 001 | error | VERIFY or |
| | | VERIFY-FROM-BUFFER |
| | | request terminated |
| | | prematurely due to a |
| | | verifier resource or |
| | | system error. |
| 002 | no-input-timeout | VERIFY request completed |
| | | with no result due to a |
| | | no-input-timeout. |
| 003 | too-much-speech-timeout | VERIFY request completed |
| | | with no result due to too |
| | | much speech. |
| 004 | speech-too-early | VERIFY request completed |
| | | with no result due to |
| | | speech too soon. |
| 005 | buffer-empty | VERIFY-FROM-BUFFER |
| | | request completed with no |
| | | result due to empty |
| | | buffer. |
| 006 | out-of-sequence | Verification operation |
| | | failed due to |
| | | out-of-sequence method |
| | | invocations, for example, |
| | | calling VERIFY before |
| | | QUERY-VOICEPRINT. |
| 007 | repository-uri-failure | Failure accessing |
| | | Repository URI. |
| 008 | repository-uri-missing | Repository-URI is not |
| | | specified. |
| 009 | voiceprint-id-missing | Voiceprint-Identifier is |
| | | not specified. |
| 010 | voiceprint-id-not-exist | Voiceprint-Identifier |
| | | does not exist in the |
| | | voiceprint repository. |
| 011 | speech-not-usable | VERIFY request completed |
| | | with no result because |
| | | the speech was not usable |
| | | (too noisy, too short, |
| | | etc.) |
+------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+
+----+ +----+ +-----------+
|Host| | AN | |Edge Router|
+----+ +----+ +-----------+
| RS | |
|---------->| |
| | |
| |Tunneled RS(LIO)|
| |--------------->|
| | |
| |Tunneled RA(LIO)|
| |<---------------|
| RA | |
|<----------| |
| | |
,---------. ,---------.
|Transport| |Transport|
| Sender | . |Receiver |
| | /|___________________________________________| |
| ,-<---------------Congestion-Feedback-Signals--<--------. |
| | |/ | | |
| | |\ Transport Layer Feedback Flow | | |
| | | \ ___________________________________________| | |
| | | \| | | |
| | | ' ,-----------. . | | |
| | |_____________| |_______________|\ | | |
| | | IP Layer | | Data Flow \ | | |
| | | |(Congested)| \ | | |
| | | | Network |--Congestion-Signals--->-' |
| | | | Device | \| |
| | | | | /| |
| `----------->--(new)-IP-Layer-ConEx-Signals-------->| |
| | | | / | |
| |_____________| |_______________ / | |
| | | | |/ | |
`---------' `-----------' ' `---------'
Protocols
Y: <--- [L, E] Y signals L to X
X ------------- Y
Data Plane:
X-Y: <L, ELI, EL> Label Stack from X -> Y
Label Stack Operations:
X: +<L, ELI, EL> X pushes <L, ELI, EL>
Y: -<L, ELI, EL> Y pops <L, ELI, EL>
A: <--- [TL4, 1]
B: <-- [TL3, 1]
W: <-- [TL2, 1]
Y: <-- [TL0, 1]
X --------------- A --------- B --- W ---------- Y
Data Plane:
X-A: <TL4, ELI, EL>
A-B: <TL3,ELI,EL>
B-W: <TL2,ELI,EL>
W-Y: <TL0,ELI,EL>
Label Stack Operations:
X: +<TL4, ELI, EL>
A: TL4~TL3
B: TL3~TL2
W: TL2~TL0
Y: -<TL0, ELI, EL>
A: <--- [TL4, 1]
B: <-- [TL3, 1]
W: <-- [TL2, 1]
Y: <-- [TL0, 1]
X --------------- A --------- B --- W ---------- Y
Data Plane:
X-A: <TL4>
A-B: <TL3>
B-W: <TL2>
W-Y: <TL0>
Label Stack Operations:
X: +<TL4>
A: TL4~TL3
B: TL3~TL2
W: TL2~TL0
Y: -<TL0>
A: <--- [TL4, 1]
B: <-- [TL3, 1]
W: <-- [TL2, 1]
Y: <-- [3, 1]
X --------------- A --------- B --- W ---------- Y
Data Plane:
X-A: <TL4, ELI, EL>
A-B: <TL3,ELI,EL>
B-W: <TL2,ELI,EL>
W-Y: <ELI,EL>
Label Stack Operations:
X: +<TL4, ELI, EL>
A: TL4~TL3
B: TL3~TL2
W: -TL2
Y: -<ELI, EL>
A: <--- [TL4, 1]
B: <-- [TL3, 1]
W: <-- [TL2, 1]
Y: <-- [3, 1]
VPN: <------------------------------------------ [AL]
X --------------- A --------- B --- W ---------- Y
Data Plane:
X-A: <TL4, AL>
A-B: <TL3, AL>
B-W: <TL2, AL>
W-Y: <AL>
Label Stack Operations:
X: +<TL4, AL>
A: TL4~TL3
B: TL3~TL2
W: -TL2
Y: -<AL>
A: <--- [TL4, 1]
B: <-- [TL3, 1]
W: <-- [TL2, 1]
Y: <-- [3, 1]
VPN: <--------------------------------------------- [AL]
X --------------- A ------------ B --- W ---------- Y
Data Plane:
X-A: <TL4,ELI,EL,AL>
A-B: <TL3,ELI,EL,AL>
B-W: <TL2,ELI,EL,AL>
W-Y: <ELI,EL,AL>
Label Stack Operations:
X: +<TL4,ELI,EL,AL>
A: TL4~TL3
B: TL3~TL2
W: -TL2
Y: -<ELI,EL,AL>
LDP: <--- [L4, 1] <------- [L3, 1] <--- [3, 1]
RSVP-TE: <-- [Rn, 0]
<-- [3, 0]
X --------------- A --------- B --- W ---------- Y
Data Plane:
X-A: <L4, ELI, EL>
A-B: <Rn,L3,ELI,EL>
B-W: <L3,ELI,EL>
W-Y: <ELI,EL>
Label Stack Operations:
X: +<L4, ELI, EL>
A: <L4~L3>+Rn
B: -Rn
W: -L3
Y: -<ELI, EL>
Bit | Name | Attribute | Attribute | RRO
No | | Flags Path | Flags Resv |
----+--------------------------+------------+------------+-----
9 Entropy Label Capability Yes Yes No
+-----------+ +----------+
|Third-Party| |Management|
| Monitor | >>>>>>>>| System |<<<<<
+-----------+ ^ +----------+ ^
: ^ ^ ^
: | ^ ^
+---------------+ : | +-------------+ +-------------+
| +-----------+ | : | |+-----------+| |+-----------+|
| | Monitor | |..:...|.......|| Monitor ||........|| Monitor ||
| +-----------+ | | |+-----------+| |+-----------+|
| |------+------>| |------->| |
| RTP Sender | |RTP Mixer or | |RTP Receiver |
| | |Translator | | |
+---------------+ +-------------+ +-------------+
+-------------+
/------| policy |
+----+ / | server 1 |
| |---/ +-------------+
| UA | ...
| |---\ +-------------+
+----+ \ | policy |
\------| server n |
+-------------+
domain 1
+-----------+
/------| proxy |----...
+----+ / +-----------+
| |---/ +-----------+
| | | policy |
| UA |============| server |
| | +-----------+
| |**** +-----------+
+----+ * | policy |
*******|enforcement|****...
+-----------+
UA A Proxy A Proxy B UA B
| | | |
| INVITE offer | | |
|---------------->| | | (1)
| 488 | | |
| + Policy-Contact| | |
|<----------------| | | (2)
| ACK | | |
|---------------->| | |
| | PS A | |
| | | |
| PolicyChannel | | |
| + InfoOffer | | |
|------------------->| | | (3)
| PolicyChannel | | |
| + PolicyOffer | | |
|<-------------------| | | (4)
| | | |
| | | |
| INVITE offer' | INVITE offer' | INVITE offer' |
| + Policy-ID | | + Policy-Contact|
|---------------->|--------------->|---------------->| (5)
| | | |
| | PS B | |
| | | |
| | | PolicyChannel |
| | | + InfoOffer' |
| | | + InfoAnswer |
| | |<-------------------| (6)
| | | PolicyChannel |
| | | + PolicyOffer |
| | | + PolicyAnswer |
| | |------------------->| (7)
| | | |
| | | |
| OK answer' | OK answer' | OK answer' |
|<----------------|<---------------|<----------------| (8)
| ACK |
|--------------------------------------------------->|
| | | |
| | | |
| PolicyChannel | | |
| + InfoOffer' | | |
| + InfoAnswer' | | |
|------------------->| | | (9)
| PolicyChannel | | |
| + PolicyOffer | | |
| + PolicyAnswer | | |
|<-------------------| | | (10)
| | | |
UA A Proxy A Proxy B UA B
| | | |
| INVITE | | |
|---------------->| | | (1)
| 488 | | |
| + Policy-Contact| | |
|<----------------| | | (2)
| ACK | | |
|---------------->| | |
| | PS A | |
| | | |
| PolicyChannel | | |
|------------------->| | | (3)
| PolicyChannel | | |
|<-------------------| | | (4)
| | | |
| | | |
| INVITE | INVITE | INVITE |
| + Policy-ID | | + Policy-Contact|
|---------------->|--------------->|---------------->| (5)
| | | |
| | PS B | |
| | | |
| | | PolicyChannel |
| | | + InfoOffer |
| | |<-------------------| (6)
| | | PolicyChannel |
| | | + PolicyOffer |
| | |------------------->| (7)
| | | |
| | | |
| OK offer' | OK offer' | OK offer' |
|<----------------|<---------------|<----------------| (8)
| | | |
| | | |
| PolicyChannel | | |
| + InfoOffer' | | |
| + InfoAnswer | | |
|------------------->| | | (9)
| PolicyChannel | | |
| + PolicyOffer | | |
| + PolicyAnswer | | |
|<-------------------| | | (10)
| | | |
| ACK answer' |
|--------------------------------------------------->| (11)
| | | |
| | | |
| | | PolicyChannel |
| | | + InfoOffer' |
| | | + InfoAnswer' |
| | |<-------------------| (12)
| | | PolicyChannel |
| | | + PolicyOffer |
| | | + PolicyAnswer |
| | |------------------->| (13)
| | | |
Header field where proxy ACK BYE CAN INV OPT REG UPD
_______________________________________________________________
Policy-ID R rd - - - c - - c
Policy-Contact R a - - - c - - c
Policy-Contact 488 a - - - c - - c
Table 1: Policy-ID and Policy-Contact Header Fields
Header field where proxy PRA PUB SUB NOT INF MSG REF
_______________________________________________________________
Policy-ID R rd c - - - - - -
Policy-Contact R a c - - - - - -
Policy-Contact 488 a c - - - - - -
Table 2: Policy-ID and Policy-Contact Header Fields
Header Field Parameter Name Predefined Reference
Values
_____________________________________________________________________
Policy-Contact non-cacheable Yes this document
UA A P A PS A PS B P B UA B
| | | | | |
|(1) INV <o> | | | |
|-------->| | | | |
|(2) 488 <ps uri> | | | |
|<--------| | | | |
|(3) ACK | | | | |
|-------->| | | | |
|(4) SUBSCRIBE <o> | | | |
|------------------>| | | |
|(5) 200 OK | | | |
|<------------------| | | |
|(6) NOTIFY <po> | | | |
|<------------------| | | |
|(7) 200 OK | | | |
|------------------>| | | |
|(8) INV <ps id, o'>| | | |
|-------->| | | | |
| |(9) INV <o'> | | |
| |---------------------------->| |
| | | | |(10) INV <o', ps uri>
| | | | |-------->|
| | | |(11) SUBSCRIBE <o', a>
| | | |<------------------|
| | | |(12) 200 OK |
| | | |------------------>|
| | | |(13) NOTIFY <po, pa>
| | | |------------------>|
| | | |(14) 200 OK |
| | | |<------------------|
| | | | |(15) 200 OK <a'>
| | | | |<--------|
| |(16) 200 OK <a'> | | |
| |<----------------------------| |
|(17) 200 OK <a'> | | | |
|<--------| | | | |
|(18) ACK | | | | |
|------------------------------------------------>|
|(19) SUBSCRIBE <o', a'> | | |
|------------------>| | | |
|(20) 200 OK | | | |
|<------------------| | | |
|(21) NOTIFY <po, pa> | | |
|<------------------| | | |
|(22) 200 OK | | | |
|------------------>| | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
UA A P A PS A PS B P B UA B
| | | | | |
|(1) INV | | | | |
|-------->| | | | |
|(2) 488 <ps uri> | | | |
|<--------| | | | |
|(3) ACK | | | | |
|-------->| | | | |
|(4) SUBSCRIBE | | | |
|------------------>| | | |
|(5) 200 OK | | | |
|<------------------| | | |
|(6) NOTIFY | | | |
|<------------------| | | |
|(7) 200 OK | | | |
|------------------>| | | |
|(8) INV <ps id> | | | |
|-------->| | | | |
| |(9) INV | | | |
| |---------------------------->| |
| | | | |(10) INV <ps uri>
| | | | |-------->|
| | | |(11) SUBSCRIBE <o> |
| | | |<------------------|
| | | |(12) 200 OK |
| | | |------------------>|
| | | |(13) NOTIFY <po> |
| | | |------------------>|
| | | |(14) 200 OK |
| | | |<------------------|
| | | | |(15) 200 OK <o'>
| | | | |<--------|
| |(16) 200 OK <o'> | | |
| |<----------------------------| |
|(17) 200 OK <o'> | | | |
|<--------| | | | |
|(18) SUBSCRIBE <o', a> | | |
|------------------>| | | |
|(19) 200 OK | | | |
|<------------------| | | |
|(20) NOTIFY <po, pa> | | |
|<------------------| | | |
|(21) 200 OK | | | |
|------------------>| | | |
|(22) ACK <a'> | | | |
|------------------------------------------------>|
| | | |(23) SUBSCRIBE <o', a'>
| | | |<------------------|
| | | |(24) 200 OK |
| | | |------------------>|
| | | |(25) NOTIFY <po, pa>
| | | |------------------>|
| | | |(26) 200 OK |
| | | |<------------------|
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
UA A P A PS A PS B P B UA B
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
|(1) INV <o> | | | |
|-------->| | | | |
| |(2) INV <o, uri PSA> | |
| |---------------------------->| |
| | | | |(3) INV <o, uri PSA, uri PSB>
| | | | |-------->|
| | |(4) SUBSCRIBE <o, a> |
| | |<----------------------------|
| | |(5) 200 OK | |
| | |---------------------------->|
| | |(6) NOTIFY <po, pa>| |
| | |---------------------------->|
| | |(7) 200 OK | |
| | |<----------------------------|
| | | |(8) SUBSCRIBE <o', a'>
| | | |<------------------|
| | | |(9) 200 OK |
| | | |------------------>|
| | | |(10) NOTIFY <po, pa>
| | | |------------------>|
| | | |(11) 200 OK |
| | | |<------------------|
| | |(12) SUBSCRIBE <o", a"> |
| | |<----------------------------|
| | |(13) 200 OK | |
| | |---------------------------->|
| | |(14) NOTIFY <po, pa> |
| | |---------------------------->|
| | |(15) 200 OK | |
| | |<----------------------------|
| | | |(16) SUBSCRIBE <o", a">
| | | |<------------------|
| | | |(17) 200 OK |
| | | |------------------>|
| | | |(18) NOTIFY <po, pa>
| | | |------------------>|
| | | |(19) 200 OK |
| | | |<------------------|
| | | | |(20) 200 OK <a">
| | | | |<--------|
| |(21) 200 OK <a"> | | |
| |<----------------------------| |
|(22) 200 OK <a"> | | | |
|<--------| | | | |
|(23) ACK | | | | |
|------------------------------------------------>|
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
Policy Server Alice Bob
| | |
|(1) SUBSCRIBE | |
|<------------------| |
|(2) 200 OK | |
|------------------>| |
|(3) NOTIFY | |
|------------------>| |
|(4) 200 OK | |
|<------------------| |
| |(5) INVITE |
| |------------------>|
| | |
| |(6) 200 OK |
| |<------------------|
| |(7) ACK |
| |------------------>|
|(8) SUBSCRIBE | |
|<------------------| |
|(9) 200 OK | |
|------------------>| |
|(10) NOTIFY | |
|------------------>| |
|(11) 200 OK | |
|<------------------| |
| | |
+------------+
s_1 --------> | |
. Source | Source | +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
. Flows | Block |==> ..|SB_(j+1)| | SB_j | |SB_(j-1)| ..
s_n --------> | Generation | +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
+------------+
+-------...-----+-------...-----+- -+-------...-----+
| Payload_1 | Payload_2 | . . . | Payload_n |
+-------...-----+-------...-----+- -+-------...-----+
\______ _______|______ _______| |______ _______|
\/ \/ \/
FID_1,Len_1 FID_2,Len_2 FID_n,Len_n
+------+
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ | | -------> r_1
.. |SB_(j+1)| | SB_j | |SB_(j-1)| .. ==> | FEC | Repair .
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ |Scheme| Flows .
| | -------> r_k
+------+
<------------------ Source Block (SB) ------------------->
| | | | | |
+-------...-----+-------...-----+- -+-------...-----+ |
| Payload_1 | Payload_2 | . . . | Payload_n |0|
+-------...-----+-------...-----+- -+-------...-----+ |
| | | | | |
| Symbol_1 | Symbol_2 | Symbol_3 | . . . | Symbol_m |
|<-------->|<-------->|<-------->| |<-------->|
+------+
Symbol_1,..,Symbol_m => | FEC | => Symbol_u,..,Symbol_1
| Enc. |
+------+
<-------- Source Block 1 -------->
+------------+-------------------+
| $1 $2 $3 $4| #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 | 0..00
+------------+-------------------+
\__________________ __________________/
\/
@1 @2 @3 @4 @5 @6 @7 @8 @9 @10
<---- Source Block 2 ---->
+----------------+-------+
| $5 $6 $7 $8 $9 | #7 #8 |0..00
+----------------+-------+
\______________ _____________/
\/
@11 @12 @13 @14 @15 @16 @17
<-------- Source Block 1 -------->
+------------+-------------------+
| $1 $2 X X | #1 X #3 #4 #5 #6 |
+------------+-------------------+
tt tt tt
|<---------->| |<---------->| |<---------->|
| | | | | |
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+
| Packet 1 | | Packet 2 | | Packet 3 |
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+
| | |
|<--------------------->|<--------------------->|
packet interval 1 packet interval 2
-----------------------------------------------------------------
| Domain 5 |
| ----- |
| |PCE 5| |
| ----- |
| |
| ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- |
| | Domain 1 | | Domain 2 | | Domain 3 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | ----- | | ----- | | ----- | |
| | |PCE 1| | | |PCE 2| | | |PCE 3| | |
| | ----- | | ----- | | ----- | |
| | | | | | | |
| | ----| |---- ----| |---- | |
| | |BN11+---+BN21| |BN23+---+BN31| | |
| | - ----| |---- ----| |---- - | |
| | |S| | | | | |D| | |
| | - ----| |---- ----| |---- - | |
| | |BN12+---+BN22| |BN24+---+BN32| | |
| | ----| |---- ----| |---- | |
| | | | | | | |
| | ---- | | | | ---- | |
| | |BN13| | | | | |BN33| | |
| -----------+---- ---------------- ----+----------- |
| \ / |
| \ ---------------- / |
| \ | | / |
| \ |---- ----| / |
| ----+BN41| |BN42+---- |
| |---- ----| |
| | | |
| | ----- | |
| | |PCE 4| | |
| | ----- | |
| | | |
| | Domain 4 | |
| ---------------- |
| |
-----------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------
| Domain 5 |
| ---- |
| |PCE5| |
| ---- |
| |
| ---- ---- ---- |
| | |---| |---| | |
| | D1 | | D2 | | D3 | |
| | |---| |---| | |
| ---- ---- ---- |
| \ ---- / |
| \ | | / |
| ----| D4 |---- |
| | | |
| ---- |
| |
----------------------------
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
|Imp1| |Imp1| ,---. |Imp2| |Imp2|
+----+ +----+ / \ +-------+ +----+ +----+
| V100 | V200 / \ | Tunnel| | V300 | V400
| | ( ) | Head | | |
+--------+ +------+ | |__| Router| +----------+
|Ethernet| |Tunnel| |Internet | +---B---+ |Ethernet |
|Switch |--|Head |-| | | |Switch |
+-+--+---+ |Router| | | +---+---+--+--+--+----+
|__| +--A---+ ( ) |Network| |__|
\ / |Emulat.|
U-turn \ / |"netem"| U-turn
V300 to V400 `-+-' +-------+ V100 to V200
Implementations ,---. +--------+
+~~~~~~~~~~~/ \~~~~~~| Remote |
+------->-----F2->-| / \ |->---. |
| +---------+ | Tunnel ( ) | | |
| | transmit|-F1->-| ID 1 ( ) |->. | |
| | Imp 1 | +~~~~~~~~~| |~~~~| | | |
| | receive |-<--+ ( ) | F1 F2 |
| +---------+ | |Internet | | | | |
*-------<-----+ F1 | | | | | |
+---------+ | | +~~~~~~~~~| |~~~~| | | |
| transmit|-* *-| | | |<-* | |
| Imp 2 | | Tunnel ( ) | | |
| receive |-<-F2-| ID 2 \ / |<----* |
+---------+ +~~~~~~~~~~~\ /~~~~~~| Switch |
`-+-' +--------+
+------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | |
| ti.obs (P) | s1 | s2 | sA |
| | | | |
.............|.............|.............|.............|
| | | | |
| s2 | 0.25 (0.28) | | |
| | | | |
...........................|.............|.............|
| | | | |
| sA | 0.60 (0.19) |-0.80 (0.57) | |
| | | | |
...........................|.............|.............|
| | | | |
| sB | 2.64 (0.03) | 0.07 (0.31) |-0.52 (0.48) |
| | | | |
+------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
+------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | |
| ti.obs (P) | p1 | p2 | p3 |
| | | | |
.............|.............|.............|.............|
| | | | |
| p2 | 0.06 (0.32) | | |
| | | | |
.........................................|.............|
| | | | |
| p3 | 1.09 (0.12) | 0.37 (0.24) | |
| | | | |
...........................|.............|.............|
| | | | |
| p4 |-0.81 (0.57) |-0.13 (0.37) | 1.36 (0.09) |
| | | | |
+------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
0 8 16 24 31
.-------------------------------------------.
| Protocol | PDU | |
| Version | Type | Session ID |
| 0 | 0 | |
+-------------------------------------------+
| |
| Length=12 |
| |
+-------------------------------------------+
| |
| Serial Number |
| |
`-------------------------------------------'
0 8 16 24 31
.-------------------------------------------.
| Protocol | PDU | |
| Version | Type | Session ID |
| 0 | 1 | |
+-------------------------------------------+
| |
| Length=12 |
| |
+-------------------------------------------+
| |
| Serial Number |
| |
`-------------------------------------------'
0 8 16 24 31
.-------------------------------------------.
| Protocol | PDU | |
| Version | Type | reserved = zero |
| 0 | 2 | |
+-------------------------------------------+
| |
| Length=8 |
| |
`-------------------------------------------'
0 8 16 24 31
.-------------------------------------------.
| Protocol | PDU | |
| Version | Type | Session ID |
| 0 | 3 | |
+-------------------------------------------+
| |
| Length=8 |
| |
`-------------------------------------------'
0 8 16 24 31
.-------------------------------------------.
| Protocol | PDU | |
| Version | Type | Session ID |
| 0 | 7 | |
+-------------------------------------------+
| |
| Length=12 |
| |
+-------------------------------------------+
| |
| Serial Number |
| |
`-------------------------------------------'
0 8 16 24 31
.-------------------------------------------.
| Protocol | PDU | |
| Version | Type | reserved = zero |
| 0 | 8 | |
+-------------------------------------------+
| |
| Length=8 |
| |
`-------------------------------------------'
Cache Router
~ ~
| <----- Reset Query -------- | R requests data (or Serial Query)
| |
| ----- Cache Response -----> | C confirms request
| ------- IPvX Prefix ------> | C sends zero or more
| ------- IPvX Prefix ------> | IPv4 and IPv6 Prefix
| ------- IPvX Prefix ------> | Payload PDUs
| ------ End of Data ------> | C sends End of Data
| | and sends new serial
~ ~
Cache Router
~ ~
| -------- Notify ----------> | (optional)
| |
| <----- Serial Query ------- | R requests data
| |
| ----- Cache Response -----> | C confirms request
| ------- IPvX Prefix ------> | C sends zero or more
| ------- IPvX Prefix ------> | IPv4 and IPv6 Prefix
| ------- IPvX Prefix ------> | Payload PDUs
| ------ End of Data ------> | C sends End of Data
| | and sends new serial
~ ~
Cache Router
~ ~
| <----- Serial Query ------ | R requests data
| ------- Cache Reset ------> | C cannot supply update
| | from specified serial
| <------ Reset Query ------- | R requests new data
| ----- Cache Response -----> | C confirms request
| ------- IPvX Prefix ------> | C sends zero or more
| ------- IPvX Prefix ------> | IPv4 and IPv6 Prefix
| ------- IPvX Prefix ------> | Payload PDUs
| ------ End of Data ------> | C sends End of Data
| | and sends new serial
~ ~
Cache Router
~ ~
| <----- Serial Query ------ | R requests data
| ---- Error Report PDU ----> | C No Data Available
~ ~
Cache Router
~ ~
| <----- Reset Query ------- | R requests data
| ---- Error Report PDU ----> | C No Data Available
~ ~
+-----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| Field | Size | Description |
| | (bits) | |
+-----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| Version | 8 | Current version supported and is to be |
| | | set to 2. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Reserved | 8 | Reserved field, MUST be set to 0. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Status | 16 | Indicates success or failure for the |
| | | entire message. In a Control-Request, the|
| | | value of the Status field is ignored by |
| | | the receiver and SHOULD be set to 0. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Sequence | 32 | Used to map requests to responses. This |
| Number | | is a monotonically increasing number. |
| | | Implementations MAY reset the sequence |
| | | number to 0 after a reboot, and it SHOULD |
| | | wrap around after all bits have been |
| | | exceeded. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Total | 32 | Carries the total length of the Control |
| Length | | message in number of octets. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Send | 64 | This field is set to the time the command |
| Timestamp | | was submitted for transmission and is |
| | | updated for a response. This field MAY |
| | | be used when security is of concern in |
| | | order to prevent replay attacks. SHOULD |
| | | be updated when the response is sent. |
| | | When not being used, it MUST be set to all|
| | | 0's. The format is as given in RFC 5905. |
+-----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Field | Size | Description |
| | (bits) | |
+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Command | 16 | Indicates that the CSLD is to simulate |
| | | UDP traffic measurements. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Status | 16 | Not used for a request and MUST be set |
| | | to 0. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Command- | 32 | Indicates the length of the CSLD in |
| Length | | octets. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Address | 8 | Indicates the address type and is set to|
| Type | | one of the values in the "Cisco SLA |
| | | Protocol Address Family Registry": |
| | | 2 - IPv4 addresses, 3 - IPv6 addresses. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Role | 8 | Indicates the role of the endpoint |
| | | receiving the Control message and is |
| | | set as follows: 1 - Responder. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Reserved | 16 | Reserved and MUST be set to 0. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Session | 32 | Carries a session identifier that is a |
| Identifier | | locally significant unique value to the |
| | | originator of the message. MUST be 0 |
| | | when not specified. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Control | 128 | Set to the address from which the |
| Source | | Sender initiates Control messages. For |
| Address | | IPv4 addresses, only the first 32 bits |
| | | are filled and the remaining bits MUST |
| | | be set to 0. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Control | 128 | Set to the address on the Responder |
| Destination | | where the Control message will be sent. |
| Address | | For IPv4 addresses, only the first 32 |
| | | bits are filled and the remaining bits |
| | | MUST be set to 0. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Measurement | 128 | Set to the address of the Sender from |
| Source | | where the measurement packets will |
| Address | | originate. For IPv4 addresses, only the|
| | | first 32 bits are filled and the |
| | | remaining bits MUST be set to 0. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Measurement | 128 | Set to the address on the Responder |
| Destination | | towards which the measurement packets |
| Address | | will be sent and is a way to identify |
| | | an ingress interface on the Responder. |
| | | For IPv4 addresses, only the first 32 |
| | | bits are filled and the remaining bits |
| | | MUST be set to 0. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Control | 16 | Indicates the port on the Sender from |
| Source Port | | which the Control message is sent. If |
| | | not set, the value should be derived |
| | | from the incoming packet. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Reserved | 16 | Reserved Field, MUST be set to 0. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Measurement | 16 | Indicates the UDP Port on the Sender |
| Source Port | | from which the measurement packets will |
| | | be sent. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Measurement | 16 | Indicates the UDP Port on the Responder |
| Destination | | towards which the measurement packets |
| Port | | will be sent. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Duration | 32 | This is the duration in milliseconds |
| | | that the port needs to be kept open for |
| | | accepting Measurement Phase messages. |
| | | Measurement messages received after the |
| | | duration MUST be ignored. |
+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------+
+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Field | Size | Description |
| | (bits) | |
+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Measurement-| 16 | Carries the type of measurement being |
| Type | | performed; 1 - Reserved, 2 - Reserved, |
| | | 3 - UDP-Measurement |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Reserved | 16 | Reserved field and MUST be set to 0. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Sender Send | 64 | Carries the timestamp when the |
| Time | | measurement message was submitted for |
| | | transmission by the Sender. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Responder | 64 | Carries the timestamp when the |
| Receive | | measurement message was received by |
| Time | | the Responder. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Responder | 64 | Carries the timestamp when the |
| Send Time | | measurement message was submitted for |
| | | transmission by the Responder. It MUST |
| | | be 0 in the Sender-to-Responder |
| | | direction. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Sender | 64 | Carries the timestamp when the Sender |
| Receive | | received the measurement message. It |
| Time | | MUST be 0 in both directions on the |
| | | wire and is filled on the Sender side |
| | | as soon as the measurement message is |
| | | received. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Sender | 64 | Gives an estimate of the Sender clock |
| Clock | | skew measured in seconds and fractional |
| Offset | | seconds. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Responder | 64 | Gives an estimate of the Responder |
| Clock | | clock skew measured in seconds and |
| Offset | | fractional seconds. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Sender | 32 | The sequence number of the measurement |
| Sequence | | message on the Sender side. This field |
| Number | | is monotonically increasing and MAY |
| | | wrap around. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Responder | 32 | The sequence number of the measurement |
| Sequence | | message on the Responder side. This |
| Number | | field is monotonically increasing and |
| | | MAY wrap around. |
| --------- | --------- | -------------------------- |
| Data | 32 bit | This field is used to pad up to the |
| | aligned | configured request data size. The |
| | | minimum size for this field SHOULD be |
| | | 64 octets. |
+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------+
+-------------+ ========== +----------+
| Attacker |-AuthProto--|AAA Server|
+-------------+ ========== +----------+
|
AuthProto
|
+--------------+ ========== +----------------+
|AuthorizedUser|-AuthProto--|Decoy AAA Server|
+--------------+ ========== +----------------+
Encoding Symbol Length (E)
< -------------------------------------------------------------- >
+----+----+-----------------------+------------------------------+
|F[0]|L[0]| ADU[0] | Pad[0] |
+----+----+----------+------------+------------------------------+
|F[1]|L[1]| ADU[1] | Pad[1] |
+----+----+----------+-------------------------------------------+
|F[2]|L[2]| ADU[2] |
+----+----+------+-----------------------------------------------+
|F[3]|L[3]|ADU[3]| Pad[3] |
+----+----+------+-----------------------------------------------+
\_______________________________ _______________________________/
\/
simple FEC encoding
Host A Host B
------------------------ ------------------------
Address A1 Address A2 Address B1 Address B2
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
| | | |
| (initial connection setup) | |
|----------------------------------->| |
|<-----------------------------------| |
| | | |
| (additional subflow setup) |
| |--------------------->| |
| |<---------------------| |
| | | |
| | | |
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+-------+-----------------------+
| Kind | Length |Subtype| |
+---------------+---------------+-------+ |
| Subtype-specific data |
| (variable length) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+-------+-------+---------------+
| Kind | Length |Subtype|Version|A|B|C|D|E|F|G|H|
+---------------+---------------+-------+-------+---------------+
| Option Sender's Key (64 bits) |
| |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Option Receiver's Key (64 bits) |
| (if option Length == 20) |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+-------+-----+-+---------------+
| Kind | Length = 12 |Subtype| |B| Address ID |
+---------------+---------------+-------+-----+-+---------------+
| Receiver's Token (32 bits) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Sender's Random Number (32 bits) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+-------+-----+-+---------------+
| Kind | Length = 16 |Subtype| |B| Address ID |
+---------------+---------------+-------+-----+-+---------------+
| |
| Sender's Truncated HMAC (64 bits) |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Sender's Random Number (32 bits) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+-------+-----------------------+
| Kind | Length = 24 |Subtype| (reserved) |
+---------------+---------------+-------+-----------------------+
| |
| |
| Sender's HMAC (160 bits) |
| |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Host A Host B
------------------------ ----------
Address A1 Address A2 Address B1
---------- ---------- ----------
| | |
| SYN + MP_CAPABLE(Key-A) |
|--------------------------------------------->|
|<---------------------------------------------|
| SYN/ACK + MP_CAPABLE(Key-B) |
| | |
| ACK + MP_CAPABLE(Key-A, Key-B) |
|--------------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | SYN + MP_JOIN(Token-B, R-A) |
| |------------------------------->|
| |<-------------------------------|
| | SYN/ACK + MP_JOIN(HMAC-B, R-B) |
| | |
| | ACK + MP_JOIN(HMAC-A) |
| |------------------------------->|
| |<-------------------------------|
| | ACK |
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+-------+----------------------+
| Kind | Length |Subtype| (reserved) |F|m|M|a|A|
+---------------+---------------+-------+----------------------+
| Data ACK (4 or 8 octets, depending on flags) |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| Data sequence number (4 or 8 octets, depending on flags) |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| Subflow Sequence Number (4 octets) |
+-------------------------------+------------------------------+
| Data-Level Length (2 octets) | Checksum (2 octets) |
+-------------------------------+------------------------------+
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Data Sequence Number (8 octets) |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| Subflow Sequence Number (4 octets) |
+-------------------------------+------------------------------+
| Data-Level Length (2 octets) | Zeros (2 octets) |
+-------------------------------+------------------------------+
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+-------+-----+-+--------------+
| Kind | Length |Subtype| |B| AddrID (opt) |
+---------------+---------------+-------+-----+-+--------------+
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+-------+-------+---------------+
| Kind | Length |Subtype| IPVer | Address ID |
+---------------+---------------+-------+-------+---------------+
| Address (IPv4 - 4 octets / IPv6 - 16 octets) |
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Port (2 octets, optional) |
+-------------------------------+
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+-------+-------+---------------+
| Kind | Length = 3+n |Subtype|(resvd)| Address ID | ...
+---------------+---------------+-------+-------+---------------+
(followed by n-1 Address IDs, if required)
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+-------+-----------------------+
| Kind | Length |Subtype| (reserved) |
+---------------+---------------+-------+-----------------------+
| Option Receiver's Key |
| (64 bits) |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+-------+----------------------+
| Kind | Length=12 |Subtype| (reserved) |
+---------------+---------------+-------+----------------------+
| |
| Data Sequence Number (8 octets) |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
Host A Host B
| Middlebox M |
| | |
| SYN(MP_CAPABLE) | SYN |
|-------------------|---------------->|
| SYN/ACK |
|<------------------------------------|
a) MP_CAPABLE option stripped on outgoing path
Host A Host B
| SYN(MP_CAPABLE) |
|------------------------------------>|
| Middlebox M |
| | |
| SYN/ACK |SYN/ACK(MP_CAPABLE)|
|<----------------|-------------------|
b) MP_CAPABLE option stripped on return path
+---------------+
| | Main Content +-----------+
| Main RTP |------------->| | Output Content
| Content | | Splicer |--------------->
+---------------+ ---------->| |
| +-----------+
|
| Substitutive Content
|
|
+-----------------------+
| Substitutive RTP |
| Content |
| or |
| Local File Storage |
+-----------------------+
.--------------------------------.
/ \
| Traffic Encap'd to Site's |
| +-----+ RLOC(s) | LISP Site:
| |P-ITR|=========> |
| +-----+ +--+ +-----+ |
| | |PE+------+CE 1 |-|
| | Originated Route +--+ +-----+ | +----+
| V 192.0.2.0/24 | |-|Host|
| +--| +-----+ | +----+
| |PE+------+CE 2 |-| 192.0.2.1
| +---+ +--+ +-----+ |
\ |PE | /
'---------------+-+-+------------' Site EID-Prefix:
| 192.0.2.0/24
| ^
| |
+--+--+ | Traffic
Non LISP Site: | CE | | to
+--+--+ | 192.168.2.1
| |
-----------
|
+----+
|Host|
+----+
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
| Domain A | | Domain B |
| +---------+ +---------+ |
| | ITR A |----------->| ETR B | |
| +---------+ +---------+ |
| | | |
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
+----------+ +-------------+
| LISP | | non-LISP |
| Domain A | | Domain B |
| +-------+ +-----------+ | |
| | ETR A |<-------| Proxy-ITR |<-------| |
| +-------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | |
+----------+ +-------------+
+----------+ +-------------+
| LISP | | non-LISP |
| Domain A | | Domain B |
| +-------+ +-----------+ | |
| | ITR A |------->| Proxy-ETR |------->| |
| +-------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | |
+----------+ +-------------+
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
| Domain A | | Domain B |
| +---------+ | |
| | ITR A.1 |--- | |
| +---------+ \ +---------+ |
| | ------->| ETR B | |
| | ------->| | |
| +---------+ / | | |
| | ITR A.2 |--- -----| ITR B | |
| | | / +---------+ |
| | ETR A.2 |<----- | |
| +---------+ | |
| | | |
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
+---------------+--------------------------------------------+
|Version Number | Time before Wrap-Around |
| Size (bits) +---------------------+----------------------+
| |Granularity: Minutes | Granularity: Seconds |
| | (mapping changes | (mapping changes |
| | every 1 minute) | every 1 second) |
+-------------------------------------+----------------------+
| 32 | 8171 years | 136 years |
| 30 | 2042 years | 34 years |
| 24 | 31 years | 194 days |
| 16 | 45 days | 18 hours |
| 15 | 22 days | 9 hours |
| 14 | 11 days | 4 hours |
| 13 | 5.6 days | 2.2 hours |
| 12 | 2.8 days | 1.1 hours |
+---------------+---------------------+----------------------+
Success
+-->------>------>------>------>------>--+
| |
No Static | No Dynamic Success | Success
+-->--+ | +-->--+ +--->----->---+ +-->--+
| | | | | | | | |
| v | | v | v | v
+-----------------+ +---------------------+ +-------------------+
| No Context (NC) | | Static Context (SC) | | Full Context (FC) |
+-----------------+ +---------------------+ +-------------------+
^ | ^ |
| Static Context | | Context Damage Assumed |
| Damage Assumed | | |
+-----<------<------<-----+ +-----<------<------<-----+
+--------+--------+--...--+--------+
list: | item 1 | item 2 | | item n |
+--------+--------+--...--+--------+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
PS = 1: | X | Reserved | Index |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| XI_k | XI_k + 1 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| MSN |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| Opt Type = 2 | Opt Len = 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| Opt Type = 3 | Opt Len = 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| Opt Type = 9 | Opt Len = 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
The network configuration illustrated in Figure 3 shows a typical
topology of a data center network. Servers are hierarchically
connected through Top-of-Rack (ToR) switches, also known as access
switches, and each set of racks is aggregated through an End-of-Row
(EoR) switch. The EoR switches are aggregated to the core switches,
which may be connected to other clouds, such as an external WAN or a
native FC SAN.
_ __ _ __
/ \_/ \_ / \_/ \_
\_ \ \_ \ ....
/ SAN _/ / WAN _/
\__ _/ \__ _/
\_/ \_/
| |
| |
+------+ +------+
Core | | | |
FCoE over | | | |
RBridge | | | |
(FCRB) +------+ +------+
| \___ ___/ |
| \ / |
| \/ |
EoR +----+_______/\_______+----+
FCoE over | | | |
RBridge | | | |
(FCRB) +----+ +----+
/ \ / \
/ \ / \
ToR +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+
FCoE over | | | | | | | |
RBridge | | | | | | | |
(FCRB) +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+
/ \ / \ / \ / \
/ \ / \ / \ / \
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
Servers/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ENodes +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
A B C D E F G H
+--------+ +--------+ +-----------+
| DHCP | DHCP | Device | XML | Recipient | e.g., Presence
| Server |--------->| |-------->| | Agent
+--------+ +--------+ +-----------+
_.-----,===.
| | (''''')
| | `---'
| |
| | ,---------,
| | ,---, |Emergency|
| | /|,-.|----->| Number |
| | / |110| '---------'
| | / |`-'|
|_|/ | 2 | ,---------,
| | | 1 | |Lamp Post|
| | | 2 |----->| Number |
|-| | 1 | '---------'
| |\ | 0 |
| | \ | 1 |
| | \ | 4 |
| | \|,,,|
_ | |
``-..|.|
``--.._
`'--.._
OLD
+----------------+--------+------------+--------------------------+
| From | mail | standard | [RFC5322] |
+----------------+--------+------------+--------------------------+
+----------------+--------+------------+--------------------------+
| Sender | mail | standard | [RFC5322] |
+----------------+--------+------------+--------------------------+
+----------------+--------+------------+--------------------------+
| Resent-From | mail | standard | [RFC5322] |
+----------------+--------+------------+--------------------------+
+----------------+--------+------------+--------------------------+
| Resent-Sender | mail | standard | [RFC5322] |
+----------------+--------+------------+--------------------------+
NEW
+----------------+--------+------------+--------------------------+
| From | mail | standard | [RFC5322] [RFC6854] |
+----------------+--------+------------+--------------------------+
+----------------+--------+------------+--------------------------+
| Sender | mail | standard | [RFC5322] [RFC6854] |
+----------------+--------+------------+--------------------------+
+----------------+--------+------------+--------------------------+
| Resent-From | mail | standard | [RFC5322] [RFC6854] |
+----------------+--------+------------+--------------------------+
+----------------+--------+------------+--------------------------+
| Resent-Sender | mail | standard | [RFC5322] [RFC6854] |
+----------------+--------+------------+--------------------------+
OLD:
+--------------+-----------------+
| UTF8=ACCEPT | [RFC5738] |
| UTF8=ALL | [RFC5738] |
| UTF8=APPEND | [RFC5738] |
| UTF8=ONLY | [RFC5738] |
| UTF8=USER | [RFC5738] |
+--------------+-----------------+
NEW:
+------------------------+---------------------+
| UTF8=ACCEPT | [RFC6855] |
| UTF8=ALL (OBSOLETE) | [RFC5738] [RFC6855]|
| UTF8=APPEND (OBSOLETE) | [RFC5738] [RFC6855]|
| UTF8=ONLY | [RFC6855] |
| UTF8=USER (OBSOLETE) | [RFC5738] [RFC6855]|
+------------------------+---------------------+
Encoding Symbol Length (E)
< ----------------------------------------------------------------- >
+----+--------+-----------------------+-----------------------------+
|F[0]| L[0] | ADU[0] | Pad[0] |
+----+--------+----------+------------+-----------------------------+
|F[1]| L[1] | ADU[1] | Pad[1] |
+----+--------+----------+------------------------------------------+
|F[2]| L[2] | ADU[2] |
+----+--------+------+----------------------------------------------+
|F[3]| L[3] |ADU[3]| Pad[3] |
+----+--------+------+----------------------------------------------+
\_________________________________ ________________________________/
\/
simple FEC encoding
|<-------------- Emulated Service ---------------->|
| |
| |<------- Pseudowire ------>| |
| | | |
| | |<-- PSN Tunnels-->| | |
| V V V V |
V AC +----+ +----+ AC V
+-----+ | | PE1|==================| | | +-----+
| |----------|....|...PW1.(active)...|....|----------| |
| | | |==================| | | CE2 |
| CE1 | +----+ |PE2 | | |
| | +----+ | | +-----+
| | | |==================| |
| |----------|....|...PW2.(standby)..| |
+-----+ | | PE3|==================| |
AC +----+ +----+
|<-------------- Emulated Service ---------------->|
| |
| |<------- Pseudowire ------>| |
| | | |
| | |<-- PSN Tunnels-->| | |
| V V (not shown) V V |
V AC +----+ +----+ AC V
+-----+ | |....|.......PW1........|....| | +-----+
| |----------| PE1|...... .........| PE3|----------| |
| CE1 | +----+ \ / PW3 +----+ | CE2 |
| | +----+ X +----+ | |
| | | |....../ \..PW4....| | | |
| |----------| PE2| | PE4|--------- | |
+-----+ | |....|.....PW2..........|....| | +-----+
AC +----+ +----+ AC
Native |<-----------Pseudowire ------------->| Native
Service | | Service
(AC) | |<-PSN1-->| |<-PSN2-->| | (AC)
| V V V V V V |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
+----+ | |T-PE1|=========|S-PE1|=========|T-PE2| | +----+
| |-------|......PW1-Seg1.......|PW1-Seg2.......|-------| |
| | | |=========| |=========| | | |
| CE1| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ | |
| | |.| +-----+ +-----+ | CE2|
| | |.|===========| |=========| | | |
| | |.....PW2-Seg1......|.PW2-Seg2......|-------| |
+----+ |=============|S-PE2|=========|T-PE4| | +----+
+-----+ +-----+ AC
Native |<-----------Pseudowire ------------->| Native
Service | | Service
(AC) | |<-PSN1-->| |<-PSN2-->| | (AC)
| V V V V V V |
| +-----+ |
| |=============| |=============| |
| |.....PW3-Seg1......|.PW3-Seg2....| |
| |.|===========|S-PE3|===========|.| |
| |.| +-----+ |.| |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
+----+ | |T-PE1|=========|S-PE1|=========|T-PE2| | +----+
| |-------|......PW1-Seg1.......|PW1-Seg2.......|-------| |
| | | |=========| |=========| | | |
| CE1| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ | |
| | |.| |.| +-----+ +-----+ | CE2|
| | |.| |.|=========| |=========| | | |
| | |.| |...PW2-Seg1......|.PW2-Seg2......|-------| |
+----+ |.| |===========|S-PE2|=========|T-PE4| | +----+
|.| +-----+ +-----+ AC
|.| +-----+ |.|
|.|=============| |===========|.|
|.......PW4-Seg1......|.PW4-Seg2....|
|===============|S-PE4|=============|
+-----+
Native |<------------Pseudowire ------------>| Native
Service | | Service
(AC) | |<-PSN1-->| |<-PSN2-->| | (AC)
| V V V V V V |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
+----+ | |T-PE1|=========|S-PE1|=========|T-PE2| | +----+
| |-------|......PW1-Seg1.......|.PW1-Seg2......|-------| |
| CE1| | |=========| |=========| | | CE2|
| | +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ | |
+----+ |.||.| |.||.| +----+
|.||.| +-----+ |.||.|
|.||.|=========| |========== .||.|
|.||...PW2-Seg1......|.PW2-Seg2...||.|
|.| ===========|S-PE2|============ |.|
|.| +-----+ |.|
|.|============+-----+============= .|
|.....PW3-Seg1.| | PW3-Seg2......|
==============|S-PE3|===============
| |
+-----+
Alice Bob
| (1) Offer (SRTP and RTP) |
|--------------------------------->|
| |
| (2) Answer (RTP) |
|<---------------------------------|
| |
Alice P1 Bob
+---INV--------->| | Line 1
| | |
|<---------100---+ | Line 2
| | |
| +---INV-------->| Line 3
| | |
| |<--------100---+ Line 4
| | |
| |<--------180---+ Line 5
| | |
|<---------180---+ | Line 6
| | |
| |<--------200---+ Line 7
| | |
|<---------200---+ | Line 8
| | |
+---ACK--------->| | Line 9
| | |
| |---ACK-------->| Line 10
Figure 2 depicts the call flow.
Bob Bob
Alice P2 (Instance 1) (Instance 2)
+---INV--->| | | Line 1
| | | |
|<---100---+ | | Line 2
| | | |
| +---INV--->| | Line 3
| | | |
| +---INV----+-------->| Line 4
| | | |
| |<---100---+ | Line 5
| | | |
| |<---------+---100---+ Line 6
| | | |
| |<---180---+---------+ Line 7
| | | |
|<---180---+ | | Line 8
| | | |
| |<---180---+ | Line 9
| | | |
|<---180---+ | | Line 10
| | | |
| |<---200---+ | Line 11
| | | |
|<---200---+ | | Line 12
| | | |
| +---CANCEL-+-------->| Line 13
| | | |
| |<---------+---487---+ Line 14
| | | |
| +---ACK----+-------->| Line 15
| | | |
| |<---------+---200---+ Line 16
+----------------------+
|+--------------------+|
||+------------------+||
||| P2P Application |||
||| Windows XP |||
||| +--+ |||
||+--------|N |------+||
|| VMware |e | ||
|+---------|t |-------+|
| Linux |IF| capture|
+----------| |--------+
+--+
+---------+ GetLocation +-------------GeoIP DB Server---------+
| | +-----------+ | +----------+ +-----------+ |
| |--|IP Address |-->| | GeoIP DB | |BGP daemon | |
| | +-----------+ | +----------+ +-----------+ |
| | | +-------------+ +----------------+ |
| | +-----------+ | | District | | Routing | |
| |--|AS Code: |---| | Information | |Information(BGP)| |
| | |Regional | | | | | | |
|P2P Peers| |Information| | | Range of | |AS Code(origin) | |
| or | +-----------+ | | IP Addresses| | | |
| Control | | +-------------+ +----------------+ |
| Server | +-------------------------------------+
| | | ^
| | PeerSelection v |
| | +-----------+ +--------------------------------------+
| |--|IP Address |-->| +--Priority Node Selection System--+ |
| | | List | | | | |
| | +-----------+ | | Peer Candidate Ranking | |
| | +-----------+ | | | |
| |--| Ranking |-->| +----------------------------------+ |
| | +-----------+ +--------------------------------------+
+---------+
+------+
| v6 |
| host |
+--+---+
|
.---+---.
/ \
/ IPv6 \
| Internet |
\ /
UE / Mobile Phone `---------'
+----------------------+ |
| +----+ | | .---+---. .------.
| | v6 +----+ +------+ / \ +------+ / \
| +----+ | | | / IPv6 PDP \ | | / IPv4 \
| +---+ CLAT +---+ Mobile Core +---+ PLAT +--+ Internet |
| | | | \ GGSN / | | \ /
| | +------+ \ ' +------+ `----+---'
| +-----+ | | `-------' |
| | v4p +---+ | +--+---+
| +-----+ | | | v4g |
+----------------------+ | host |
+------+
Uplink 1 Uplink 2
| |
+---+---+ +---+---+
+---- |Gateway| --------- |Gateway| -----+
| +-------+ +-------+ |
| Enterprise Network |
| +------+ +------+ +------+ |
| | APP | |DHCPv6| | DNS | |
| |Server| |Server| |Server| |
| +---+--+ +---+--+ +--+---+ |
| | | | |
| ---+--+---------+------+---+- |
| | | |
| +--+---+ +---+--+ |
| |Router| |Router| |
| +--+---+ +---+--+ |
| | | |
| -+---+----+-------+---+--+- |
| | | | | |
| +-+--+ +--+-+ +--+-+ +-+--+ |
| |Host| |Host| |Host| |Host| |
| +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ |
+----------------------------------------+
....... .......
. --- . --- --- --- --- . --- .
.|CE1|----|PE1|----|P1 |-----|P2 |----|PE2|-----|CE2|.
. --- . --- --- --- --- . --- .
....... | | .......
(VPN1) | | (VPN1)
| |
....... | | .......
. --- . | | . --- .
.|CE3|------+ +-------|CE4|.
. --- . . --- .
....... .......
(VPN2) (VPN2)
<--------Customer MPLS-TE LSP for VPN2-------->
^ ^
| |
VRF instance VRF instance
___________________________________________
( )
( IPv6 Clients in the Internet )
(___________________________________________)
|
-------------
| Ingress |
| router |
-------------
____________|_____________
|
-------------
| IPv6 stack|
|-----------|
| HTTP proxy|
|-----------|
| IPv4 stack|
-------------
____________|_____________
|
-------------
| IPv4 stack|
|-----------|
| HTTP |
| server |
-------------
+-----------------+
+------------+ | NAT or firewall |
| PCP client |-<network>-+ with +---<Internet>
+------------+ | PCP server |
+-----------------+
CLOSE_MSG or
(NO_TRAFFIC and EXPIRY) +---------+ NO_TRAFFIC and EXPIRY
+-------------->| |<------------+
| |NO_ENTRY | |
| +-----------| |---------+ |
| | +---------+ | |
| | ^ | | |
| | NO_TRAFFIC | | | |
| | or | | | |
| | CLOSE_MSGS | | | |
| | | | | |
| |PEER request | | MAP request| |
| V | | V |
+---------+ | | +---------+
+-->| "P", | | | M-R | "M", |<--+
P-R | | PEER |-----------|--|-------->| MAP | | M-R or
+---| mapping| | | | mapping|---+ P-R or
+---------+ | | +---------+ CLOSE_MSGS
| ^ | | ^ |
| |PEER request | | MAP request| |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | outbound | |
| | | | TRAFFIC | |
| | | V | |
| | +---------+ | |
| +-----------| "I", |---------+ |
| | implicit| |
+-------------->| mapping |<------------+
TRAFFIC and EXPIRY +---------+ TRAFFIC and EXPIRY
.
:
| Internet
............... | ...................
| ISP network
External pool: |
192.0.2.1/26 |
++------++ External realm
........... | CGN |...............
++------++ Internal realm
10.0.0.1 | |
| |
| | ISP network
............. | .. | ................
| | Customer premises
10.0.0.100 | | 10.0.0.101
++------++ ++------++
| CPE1 | | CPE2 | etc.
++------++ ++------++
X1:x1 X1':x1' X2:x2
+---+from X1:x1 +---+from X1:x1 +---+
| C | to X2:x2 | | to X2:x2 | S |
| l |>>>>>>>>>>>>| C |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>| e |
| i | | G | | r |
| e |<<<<<<<<<<<<| N |<<<<<<<<<<<<<<| v |
| n |from X2:x2 | |from X2:x2 | e |
| t | to X1:x1 | | to X1:x1 | r |
+---+ +---+ +---+
+-------+ +--------+ +--------+
| R1 | | R2 | PRI| R3 |
| UR/HE |--| HE/MID |----| MP/T/E |
| | | PLR |----| |
+-------+ +--------+ BKP+--------+
+-------+ +--------+ +--------+
| R1 | | R2 | | R3 |
| UR/HE | | HE/MID |PRI | MP/T/E |
| |----| PLR |----| |
+-------+ +--------+ +--------+
|BKP |
| +--------+ |
| | R6 | |
|----| BKP |----|
| MID |
+--------+
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| R1 | | R2 |PRI | R3 |PRI | R4 |
| UR/HE |----| HE/MID |----| MP/MID |------| T/E |
| | | PLR |----| | | |
+--------+ +--------+ BKP+--------+ +--------+
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| R1 | | R2 |PRI | R3 | PRI | R4 |
| UR/HE |----| HE/MID |----| MID |------| MP/T/E |
| | | PLR | | | | |
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
|BKP |
-----------------------------
+--------+ +--------+PRI+--------+PRI+--------+PRI+--------+
| R1 | | R2 | | R3 | | R4 | | R5 |
| UR/HE |--| HE/MID |---| MID |---| MP |---| T/E |
| | | PLR | | | | | | |
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
BKP| |
--------------------------
T' {not valid yet} |---------------------|----------------
| translation stage |
T ----------------|---------------------| {no longer valid}
refresh refresh + expiry
Bit | Bit | Meaning | Reference
Number | Name | |
-------+------+----------------------------------------+----------
0 | S | SONET/SDH Test support | RFC 6898
1 | D | DWDM support | RFC 6898
2 | C | Data Channel consistency check support | RFC 6898
_----_
_( )_
:-----------------( Internet )---------------:
| (_ _) |
| '----' |
| |
: |
(IPv4 Traffic Offload Point) |
: |
| |
........................................................|....
| | |
+--------+ | +---------------------+ |
| Local | | | Services requiring | |
|Services| | | mobility, or service| |
+--------+ | | treatment | |
| | +---------------------+ |
| +---+ | |
| |NAT| | |
| +---+ | |
+-----| _----_ | |
+-----+ _( )_ +-----+ |
[MN]----| MAG |======( IP )======| LMA |----------
+-----+ (_ _) +-----+ Internet
'----'
.
.
[Access Network] . [Home Network]
..........................................................
MN MAG(NAT) LMA
|------>| | 1. Mobile Node Attach
| |------->| 2. Proxy Binding Update (IPv4TS)
| |<-------| 3. Proxy Binding Acknowledgement (IPv4TS)
| |========| 4. Tunnel/Route Setup
| + | 5. Installing the traffic offload rules
|------>| | 6. IPv4 packet from mobile node
| + | 7. Offload rule applied (Tunnel/offload)
| | |
Caller Callee
sip:123@a.com sip:456@b.com
| |
| INVITE sip:456@b.com | [original call]
| From: sip:123@a.com |
|------------------------->|
| |
| 487 |
| Call-Info:<sip:456@z.b.com>;purpose=call-completion;m=NR
|<-------------------------|
| |
| SUBSCRIBE sip:456@z.b.com;m=NR [initial SUBSCRIBE]
| From: sip:123@a.com |
| Contact: sip:123@y.a.com |
| Request-Disposition: parallel
| Call-Id: abcd-efgh |
| Event: call-completion |
|------------------------->|
| |
| 200 |
|<-------------------------|
| |
| NOTIFY sip:123@y.a.com | [initial NOTIFY]
| Body: cc-state: queued |
|<-------------------------|
| |
| SUBSCRIBE sip:456@b.com;m=NR [another init. SUB.]
| From: sip:foo@example.com|
| Request-Disposition: parallel
| Call-Id: abcd-efgh |
| Event: call-completion |
|------------------------->|
| |
| 482 | [duplicate SUB. rej.]
|<-------------------------|
| |
| NOTIFY sip:123@y.a.com | [CC invoked]
| Body: cc-state: ready |
| URI: sip:recall@z.b.com
|<-------------------------|
| |
| INVITE sip:recall@z.b.com;m=NR [CC call]
| From: sip:foo@example.com|
|------------------------->|
| |
| NOTIFY sip:123@y.a.com | [CC terminated]
| Expires = 0 |
|<-------------------------|
Caller Callee
sip:123@a.com sip:456@b.com
| |
| NOTIFY sip:123@y.a.com | [CC notification, caller not
| Body: cc-state: ready | available for CC recall]
| URI: sip:recall@z.b.com
|<-------------------------|
| |
| 200 |
|------------------------->|
| |
| PUBLISH sip:456@z.b.com | [non-availability for recall
| From: sip:123@a.com | is published]
| Contact: sip:123@y.a.com |
| Event: presence |
| Content-Type: 'app/pidf' |
| Body: status=closed |
|------------------------->|
| |
| 200 |
|<-------------------------|
| |
| | [caller becomes available
| | again]
| |
| PUBLISH sip:456@z.b.com | [availability for recall
| From: sip:123@a.com | is published]
| Contact: sip:123@y.a.com |
| Event: presence |
| Content-Type: 'app/pidf' |
| Body: status=open |
|------------------------->|
| |
| 200 |
|<-------------------------|
| |
SIP Registrar Bob's SIP UA
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| |
| REGISTER F1 |
|<------------------------------|
| |
| 200 OK F2 |
|------------------------------>|
| |
Phase 0 Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 4 Phase 0
--x--------x---------x-------------------x--------x---------
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
| | | | |
(1) (2) (3) (5) (6)
Phase 0 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 0
-------------------------------x---------x--------x---------
^ ^ ^ ^
| | | |
(1) (4) (5) (6)
+---+-----+---+ +---+-----+---+
| Application | | Media |
| Server |<-------MS Control------>| Server |
+-------------+ +-------------+
+---+-----+---+
| Media |
+----->| Server |
| +-------------+
|
+---+-----+---+ | +---+-----+---+
| Application | | | Media |
| Server |<--MS Control-----+----->| Server |
+-------------+ | +-------------+
|
| +---+-----+---+
+----->| Media |
| Server |
+-------------+
+---+-----+---+
+------------>| MRB |<----------+----<-----+---+
| +-------------+ (1)| | |
| | | |
|(2) +---+--+--+---+ | |
| | Media | | |
| +---->| Server | | |
| | +-------------+ | |
| | (1)| |
+---+--+--+---+ | +---+-----+---+ | |
| Application | | | Media | | |
| Server |<-----+-MS Control-+---->| Server |->-+ |
+-------------+ (3) | +-------------+ |
| |
| +---+-----+---+ (1)|
+---->| Media | |
| Server |--->---+
+---+-----+---+
+------------<----------------<---------+----<-----+---+
| (1) | | |
| | | |
| +---+--+--+---+ | |
| | Media | | |
V +---->| Server | | |
+------+------+ | +-------------+ | |
| MRB | | | |
+---+--+--+---+ | +---+-----+---+ | |
| Application | | | Media | | |
| Server |<-----+-MS Control-+---->| Server |->-+ |
+-------------+ | +-------------+ |
| |
| +---+-----+---+ |
+---->| Media | |
| Server |--->---+
+---+-----+---+
(1) +---+-----+---+
+---+---+------------->---------------->----------->| MRB |
| | | +---+--+--+---+ +---+-----+---+
| | +-<-| Application | | Media |
| | | Server |<--+-MS Control-+------->| Server |
| | +-------------+ | +-------------+
| | |
| | +---+--+--+---+ |
| +---<---| Application | |
| | Server |<--+-MS Control-+--+
| +-------------+ |
| |
| +---+--+--+---+ |
+---<-------| Application | |
| Server |<--+-MS Control-+--+
+-------------+
+-------<----------+----<-------+---+
| | (1) | |
| | | |
| +---+--+--+---+ | |
| | Media | | |
| +------>| Server | | |
| |(3) +-------------+ | |
| | (1)| |
+---+--+--+---+ | | +---+-----+---+ | |
| Application | (2) +---+--V--+---+ (3) | Media | | |
| Server |----->| MRB |----->| Server |->-+ |
+-------------+ +---+-----+---+ +-------------+ |
| |
| (3) +---+-----+---+ (1)|
+------>| Media | |
| Server |--->---+
+---+-----+---+
MRB MS
| |
| A1. CONTROL (MRB subscription) |
|--------------------------------------------->|
| A2. 200 OK |
|<---------------------------------------------|
| |
. .
. .
| |
| |--+ collect
| | | up-to-date
| |<-+ info
| B1. CONTROL (MRB notification) |
|<---------------------------------------------|
| B2. 200 OK |
|--------------------------------------------->|
| |
. .
. .
AS MRB
| |
| 1. HTTP POST (Consumer request) |
|--------------------------------------------->|
| |
| |
| |--+ Parse request
| | | and see if any
| |<-+ MS applies
| |
| 2. 200 OK (Consumer response) |
|<---------------------------------------------|
| |
|--+ Parse response and |
| | start session (SIP/COMEDIA/CFW) |
|<-+ with first MS reported by MRB |
| |
. .
. .
AS MRB MS1 MS2
| | | |
| 1. INVITE | | |
| (multipart/mixed) | | |
|---------------------->| | |
| 2. 100 (Trying) | | |
|<----------------------| | |
| |--+ Extract SDP and | |
| | | MRB payloads; handle | |
| |<-+ Consumer request to | |
| | pick MSs (MS1 and MS2) | |
| | | |
| | 3. INVITE | |
| | (only copy SDP from 1.) | |
| |-------------------------->| |
| | 4. 100 (Trying) | |
| |<--------------------------| |
| | |--+ Negotiate |
| | | | CFW Control |
| | |<-+ Channel |
| | 5. 200 OK | |
| |<--------------------------| |
| | 6. ACK | |
| |-------------------------->| |
| Prepare new +--| | |
| payload with | | | |
| SDP from MS and +->| | |
| Consumer reply | | |
| | | |
| 7. 200 OK | | |
| (multipart/mixed) | | |
|<----------------------| | |
| 8. ACK | | |
|---------------------->| | |
| | | |
|--+ Read Cons. reply | | |
| | and use SDP to | | |
|<-+ create CFW Chn. | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Create TCP CFW channel towards MS1 (if needed) | |
|-------------------------------------------------->| |
| | |
|<<############## TCP CONNECTION #################>>| |
| | |
| CFW SYNC | |
|++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++>| |
| | |
. . . .
. . . .
| | |
| Negotiate SIP control dialog with MS2 |
|<------------------------------------------------------------------>|
| Create TCP CFW channel towards MS2 as well (if needed) |
|------------------------------------------------------------------->|
| |
|<<######################## TCP CONNECTION ########################>>|
| |
| CFW SYNC |
|+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++>|
| |
| | | |
. . . .
. . . .
UAC AS MRB MS
| | | |
| 1. INVITE | | |
| (media SDP) | | |
|-------------->| | |
| 2. 100 Trying | | |
|<--------------| | |
| | 3. INVITE | |
| | (multipart/mixed) | |
| |---------------------->| |
| | 4. 100 (Trying) | |
| |<----------------------| |
| | |--+ Extract SDP and |
| | | | MRB payloads; handle |
| | |<-+ Consumer request to |
| | | pick Media Servers |
| | | |
| | | 5. INVITE |
| | | (only copy SDP from 3.) |
| | |-------------------------->|
| | | 6. 100 (Trying) |
| | |<--------------------------|
| | | +--|
| | | Handle media dialog | |
| | | (connection-id) +->|
| | | |
| | | 7. 200 OK |
| | |<--------------------------|
| | | 8. ACK |
| | |-------------------------->|
| | Prepare new +--| |
| | payload with | | |
| | SDP from MS and +->| |
| | Consumer reply | |
| | | |
| | 9. 200 OK | |
| | (multipart/mixed) | |
| |<----------------------| |
| | 10. ACK | |
| |---------------------->| |
| | | |
| |--+ Read Cons. reply | |
| | | and send SDP | |
| |<-+ back to UAC | |
| 11. 200 OK | | |
|<--------------| | |
| 12. ACK | | |
|-------------->| | |
| | | |
|<<*************************** RTP *******************************>>|
| | | |
| |--+ Negotiate | |
| | | CFW channel | |
| |<-+ towards MS | |
| | (if needed) | |
. . . .
. . . .
| | | |
| | |
| | Create TCP CFW channel towards MS (if needed) |
| |-------------------------------------------------->|
| | |
| |<<############## TCP CONNECTION #################>>|
| | |
| | CFW SYNC |
| |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++>|
| | |
. . . .
. . . .
Sub-namespace | Reference | IANA Registry Reference
--------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------
rfc | [RFC2648] | none
fyi | [RFC2648] | none
std | [RFC2648] | none
bcp | [RFC2648] | none
id | [RFC2648] | none
mtg | [RFC2648] | none
params | [RFC3553] | [http://www.iana.org/assignments/params]
--------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------
+--------+
| DHCPv4 | +--------------+
| Server |-...-| DHCP |
| | | Relay Agent |
+--------+ +--------------+
| |
+------+ +------+
|Modem1| |Modem2|
+------+ +------+
| | |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
|Node1| |Node2| |Node3|
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
Status Status
Code Len Code Message
+------+------+------+------+------+-- --+-----+
| 151 | n+1 |status| s1 | s2 | ... | sn |
+------+------+------+------+------+-- --+-----+
DHCPv4 Server
Code Len base-time
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 152 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Seconds in the past
Code Len from base-time
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 153 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
DHCPv4 Server
Code Len query-start-time
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 154 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
DHCPv4 Server
Code Len query-end-time
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 155 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Requestor Server
--------- ------
DHCPBULKLEASEQUERY xid 1 ----->
<----- DHCPLEASEQUERYDONE xid 1
DHCPBULKLEASEQUERY xid 2 ----->
<----- DHCPLEASEACTIVE xid 2
<----- DHCPLEASEACTIVE xid 2
<----- DHCPLEASEACTIVE xid 2
<----- DHCPLEASEQUERYDONE xid 2
DHCPBULKLEASEQUERY xid 3 ----->
DHCPBULKLEASEQUERY xid 4 ----->
<----- DHCPLEASEACTIVE xid 4
<----- DHCPLEASEACTIVE xid 4
<----- DHCPLEASEACTIVE xid 3
<----- DHCPLEASEACTIVE xid 4
<----- DHCPLEASEUNASSIGNED xid 3
<----- DHCPLEASEACTIVE xid 4
<----- DHCPLEASEACTIVE xid 3
<----- DHCPLEASEQUERYDONE xid 3
<----- DHCPLEASEACTIVE xid 4
<----- DHCPLEASEQUERYDONE xid 4
---------------------------------------
| total segments | IW=3 | IW=10 |
---------------------------------------
| 3 | 1 | 1 |
| 6 | 2 | 1 |
| 10 | 3 | 1 |
| 12 | 3 | 2 |
| 21 | 4 | 2 |
| 25 | 5 | 2 |
| 33 | 5 | 3 |
| 46 | 6 | 3 |
| 51 | 6 | 4 |
| 78 | 7 | 4 |
| 79 | 8 | 4 |
| 120 | 8 | 5 |
| 127 | 9 | 5 |
---------------------------------------
6rd CE BNG AAA Server
| | |
|-------DHCPDISCOVER------>| |
|(Parameter Request w/ 6rd option) |
| |--Access-Request(6rd Attr)-->|
| | |
| |<--Access-Accept(6rd Attr)---|
|<-------DHCPOFFER---------| |
| (6rd option) | |
| | |
DHCP RADIUS
6rd CE BNG AAA Server
| | |
|--------DHCPREQUEST------>| |
|(Parameter Request w/ 6rd option) |
| |--Access-Request(6rd Attr)-->|
| | |
| |<--Access-Accept(6rd Attr)---|
| | |
|<---------DHCPACK---------| |
| (6rd option) | |
| | |
DHCP RADIUS
Access Customer
<---------Aggregation-------><-Prem->
Network Network
+------------------+
| Access Node |
| Complex (ANX) |
+---------+ +---+ +-----+ |+---+ +---+ | +---+
| | +-|NAS|--|Eth |--||OLT|-<PON>-|ONT|-|--|HGW|
NSP---+Regional | | +---+ |Agg | |+---+ +---+ | +---+
|Broadband| | +---+ +-----+ +------------------+
|Network |-+-|NAS| |
ASP---+ | | +---+ |
| | | +---+ |
+---------+ +-|NAS| | +---+ +---+
+---| +-<PON>-|ONT|--|HGW|
| +---+ +---+
|
| +---+ +---+
+---|ONT|--|HGW|
+---+ +---+
HGW : Home Gateway
NAS : Network Access Server
PON : Passive Optical Network
OLT : Optical Line Terminal
ONT : Optical Network Terminal
FE/GE/VDSL
+---+ +---+
+----------------+ | |-|HGW|
+---------+ +-----+ | +-----+ +----+| | | +---+
| | +-|NAS |--| |Eth |--|OLT||-<PON>- | |
NSP---+Regional | | +-----+ | |Agg | | || | |ONT| +---+
|Broadband| | | | | | || | | or|-|HGW|
|Network | | +-----+ | +-----+ +----+| | |ONU| +---+
| |-+-|NAS | +----------------+ | | |
ASP---+ | | +-----+ | | | +---+
| | | +-----+ | | |-|HGW|
+---------+ +-|NAS | | +---+ +---+
+-----+ |
| +---+ +---+
+-|ONT|-|HGW|
+---+ +---+
+----------------------+
| ANX |
+---------+ +---+ +---+ |+---+ +-------+ | +---+
| | +-|NAS|--|Eth|--||OLT|-<PON>-|ONU/ONT|-|-|HGW|
NSP---+Regional | | +---+ |Agg| |+---+ +-------+ | +---+
|Broadband| | +---+ +---+ +----------------------+
|Network |-+-|NAS| |
ASP---+ | | +---+ |
| | | +---+ |
+---------+ +-|NAS| | +-------+ +---+
+---| +-<PON>-|ONU/ONT|-|HGW|
| +-------+ +---+
| +---+ +---+
+--|ONT|-----|HGW|
+---+ +---+
ANCP OMCI
+<--------------->+<----------->+
+----------------------+
| Access Node Complex |
| (ANX) |
+---------+ +---+ +---+ |+---+ +-------+ | +---+
| | +-|NAS|--|Eth|--||OLT|-<PON>-|ONU/ONT| |--|HGW|
NSP---+Regional | | +---+ |Agg| |+---+ +-------+ | +---+
|Broadband| | +---+ +---+ +----------------------+
|Network |-+-|NAS| |
ASP---+ | | +---+ |
| | | +---+ |
+---------+ +-|NAS| | +-------+ +---+
+---| +-<PON>-|ONU/ONT|--|HGW|
| +-------+ +---+
|
| +-------+ +---+
+---|ONU/ONT|--|HGW|
+-------+ +---+
+--------+
| Policy | +----+
| Server | +--<PON>---|ONT |------- HGW
+--------+ + +----+ +---+
| + +----------|ONT|----HGW
| + | +---+
| +----------------|-------------+
+----+ | +----+ | +-----+ | +---+
|NAS |---------------| | | | |-|----|HGW|
| |<------------->| | | | ONU | | +---+
+----+ ANCP | |OLT |------<PON>----| | |
| | | | | | | +---+
| | | |<------------->| |------|HGW|
| | +----+ ANCP +-----+ | +---+
| +------------------------------+
| | Access Node |
| Control Request | |
| ------------------>| Control Request |
| |-------------------->|
| | Control Response |
| Control Response |<------------------- |
|<-------------------| |
| |Admission Request |
| Admission Request |<--------------------|
|<-------------------| |
|Admission Response | |
|------------------->|Admission Response |
| |-------------------->|
|Information Report | |
|<-------------------| |
Access Node Control Access Node Control
Mechanism Mechanism
<--------------------><-------------------->
PPP, DHCP, IP
<------------------------------------------------------>
+--------+
| Policy |
| Server |
+--------+ +---+ +---+
| +---- |ONT|--------|HGW|
| | +---+ +---+
| +--------------- |-------------+
+----+ | +----+ | +-----+ | +---+
|NAS |---------------| | | | |-|----|HGW|
| |<------------->| | | | ONU | | +---+
+----+ ANCP | |OLT |------<PON>----| | |
| | | | | | | +---+
| | | |<------------->| |------|HGW|
| | +----+ OMCI +-----+ | +---+
| +-----------------------------+
| | Access Node |
| Control Request | |
| ------------------>| Control Request |
| |-------------------->|
| | Control Response |
| Control Response |<------------------- |
|<-------------------| |
| |Admission Request |
| Admission Request |<--------------------|
|<-------------------| |
|Admission Response | |
|------------------->|Admission Response |
| |-------------------->|
|Information Report | |
|<-------------------| |
Access Node Control Operating Maintenance
Mechanism Control Interface (OMCI)
<--------------------><-------------------->
PPP, DHCP, IP
<------------------------------------------------------->
+------------+ 1. VoD Request
| App. Server|<-----------------------------------------------
| Server |
+------------+
| 2. Admission-Request (VoD-Flow)
+-------+
|Policy |
|Server |
+-------+
| +
|<-|---3. Admission-Request
| |
+ | 8. Admission-Reply
+----+ + +----+ +-----+
|NAS |---------------|OLT |------<PON>-------|ONT |---HGW--CPE
| |<------------->| | +-----+ |
+----+ ANCP +----+ | |
| | | |
4.| | | |
+=================+ | | |
[Subscriber B/W ] | | |
[& OLT link B/W ] | | |
[Admission Ctrl ] | | |
+=================+PASS | | |
| | | |
| 5.Admission-Request | | |
|(Bandwidth,PON-Port-ID) | |
|-------------------> | | |
| | | |
| 6.+===============+ | |
| [ PON B/W ] | |
| [ Admission Ctrl] | |
| +===============+ PASS | |
|7.Admission-Reply | | |
| <PON-Port-ID> | | |
|<------------------- | | |
| | | |
+--------+
| Policy |
| Server |
+--------+ +---+ +---+
| +-----------|ONT|---|HGW|
| | +---+ +---+
| +--------------- |-----------------+
+----+ | +----+ | +-----+ | +---+
|NAS |------------ | | | | | |-|-|HGW|
| |<----------> | | | | |ONT/ | | +---+
+----+ ANCP | |OLT |------<PON>--------|ONU | |
| | | | | | | +---+
| | | |<----------------->| |---|HGW|
| | +----+ OMCI +-----+ | +---+
| +----------------------------------+
| | Access Node |
| | |
| |------GPON Ranging------|
| Port Status Message| ONT Port UP |
|<------------------ |<-----------------------|
|Port Configuration GPON Line/Service Profile|
|------------------> |<---------------------->|
| ONT/ONI Port UP| |
|<------------------ | |
| | |
| ANCP | OMCI |
<-------------------><----------------------->|
PPP, DHCP, IP
<------------------------------------------------------>
Internet | Internet Model |
Model | Equivalent | Reload
| in Overlay | Architecture
-------------+-----------------+------------------------------------
| | +-------+ +-------+
| Application | | SIP | | XMPP | ...
| | | Usage | | Usage |
| | +-------+ +-------+
| | ----------------------------------
| |+------------------+ +---------+
| Transport || Message |<--->| Storage |
| || Transport | +---------+
| |+------------------+ ^
| | ^ ^ |
| | | v v
Application | | | +-------------------+
| (Routing) | | | Topology |
| | | | Plug-in |
| | | +-------------------+
| | | ^
| | v v
| Network | +------------------+
| | | Forwarding & |
| | | Link Management |
| | +------------------+
| | ----------------------------------
Transport | Link | +-------+ +------+
| | |TLS | |DTLS | ...
| | +-------+ +------+
-------------+-----------------+------------------------------------
Network |
|
Link |
+--------------------------------+
| Resource-ID |
| |
| +------------+ +------------+ |
| | Kind 1 | | Kind 2 | |
| | | | | |
| | +--------+ | | +--------+ | |
| | | Value | | | | Value | | |
| | +--------+ | | +--------+ | |
| | | | | |
| | +--------+ | | +--------+ | |
| | | Value | | | | Value | | |
| | +--------+ | | +--------+ | |
| | | +------------+ |
| | +--------+ | |
| | | Value | | |
| | +--------+ | |
| +------------+ |
+--------------------------------+
Store
resource=1234
replica_number = 0
/ \
/ \
StoreKindData StoreKindData
kind=X (Single-Value) kind=Y (Array)
generation_counter = 99 generation_counter = 107
| /\
| / \
StoredData / \
storage_time = xxxxxxx / \
lifetime = 86400 / \
signature = XXXX / \
| | |
| StoredData StoredData
| storage_time = storage_time =
| yyyyyyyy zzzzzzz
| lifetime = 86400 lifetime = 33200
| signature = YYYY signature = ZZZZ
| | |
StoredDataValue | |
value="abc" | |
| |
StoredDataValue StoredDataValue
index=0 index=1
value="foo" value="bar"
JN PPP PP AP NP NNP BP
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|AttachReq Dest=JN+1| | | | |
|---------------------------------------------------------->|
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |AttachReq Dest=JN+1| |
| | | |<----------------------------|
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |AttachAns | |
| | | |---------------------------->|
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|AttachAns | | | | |
|<----------------------------------------------------------|
| | | | | | |
|ICE | | | | | |
|<===========================>| | | |
| | | | | | |
|TLS | | | | | |
|<...........................>| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|UpdateReq| | | | | |
|<----------------------------| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|UpdateAns| | | | | |
|---------------------------->| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
JN PPP PP AP NP NNP BP
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|AttachReq NP | | | | |
|---------------------------->| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |AttachReq NP | |
| | | |-------->| | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |AttachAns| | |
| | | |<--------| | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|AttachAns| | | | | |
|<----------------------------| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|ICE | | | | | |
|<=====================================>| | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|TLS | | | | | |
|<.....................................>| | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
JN NP XX TP
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
|AttachReq JN+2<<126| |
|-------->| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| |AttachReq JN+2<<126|
| |-------->| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |AttachReq JN+2<<126
| | |-------->|
| | | |
| | | |
| | |AttachAns|
| | |<--------|
| | | |
| | | |
| |AttachAns| |
| |<--------| |
| | | |
| | | |
|AttachAns| | |
|<--------| | |
| | | |
|ICE | | |
|<===========================>|
| | | |
|TLS | | |
|<...........................>|
| | | |
| | | |
JN PPP PP AP NP NNP BP
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|JoinReq | | | | | |
|---------------------------->| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|JoinAns | | | | | |
|<----------------------------| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|StoreReq Data A | | | | |
|<----------------------------| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|StoreAns | | | | | |
|---------------------------->| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|StoreReq Data B | | | | |
|<----------------------------| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|StoreAns | | | | | |
|---------------------------->| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|UpdateReq| | | | | |
|<----------------------------| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|UpdateAns| | | | | |
|---------------------------->| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
JN PPP PP AP NP NNP BP
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|AttachReq Dest=PP | | | | |
|---------------------------->| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | |AttachReq Dest=PP | | |
| | |<--------| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | |AttachAns| | | |
| | |-------->| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|AttachAns| | | | | |
|<----------------------------| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|TLS | | | | | |
|...................| | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|UpdateReq| | | | | |
|------------------>| | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|UpdateAns| | | | | |
|<------------------| | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|UpdateReq| | | | | |
|---------------------------->| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|UpdateAns| | | | | |
|<----------------------------| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|UpdateReq| | | | | |
|-------------------------------------->| | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|UpdateAns| | | | | |
|<--------------------------------------| | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
JN NP XX TP
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
|UpdateReq| | |
|---------------------------->|
| | | |
| | | |
|UpdateAns| | |
|<----------------------------|
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
+----------------------------+----------------------+
| URI suffix: | reload-config |
| Change controller: | IETF <iesg@ietf.org> |
| Specification document(s): | RFC 6940 |
| Related information: | None |
+----------------------------+----------------------+
+-----------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| Registration Technical | IETF Chair <chair@ietf.org> |
| Contact | |
| Registration Owner | IETF <iesg@ietf.org> |
| Transport Protocol | TCP |
| Port Number | 6084 |
| Service Name | reload-config |
| Description | Peer-to-Peer Infrastructure |
| | Configuration |
+-----------------------------+-------------------------------------+
|<-------------- Emulated Service ---------------->|
| |
| |<------- Pseudowire ------->| |
| | | |
| | |<-- PSN Tunnel -->| | |
| v v v v |
v AC +----+ +----+ AC v
+-----+ | | PE1|==================| PE2| | +-----+
| |----------|............PW1.............|----------| |
| CE1 | | | | | | | | CE2 |
| |----------|............PW2.............|----------| |
+-----+ ^ | | |==================| | | ^ +-----+
^ | +----+ +----+ | | ^
| | Provider Edge 1 Provider Edge 2 | |
| | | |
Customer | |Customer
Edge 1 | |Edge 2
| |
Native service Native service
Native |<-------------Pseudowire------------>| Native
Service | | Service
(AC) | |<- PSN ->| |<- PSN ->| | (AC)
| v v v v v v |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
+----+ | |T-PE1|=========|S-PE1|=========|T-PE2| | +----+
| |------|......PW.Seg't1.......PW.Seg't3......|-------| |
| CE1| | | | | | | | | |CE2 |
| |------|......PW.Seg't2.......PW.Seg't4......|-------| |
+----+ | | |=========| |=========| | | +----+
^ +-----+ ^ +-----+ ^ +-----+ ^
| | | |
| TP LSP TP LSP |
| |
|<----------------- Emulated Service ---------------->|
Native |<-------------Pseudowire------------>| Native
Service | | Service
(AC) | |<--PSN-->| |<--PSN-->| | (AC)
| V V V V V V |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
+----+ | |T-PE1|=========|S-PE1|=========|T-PE2| | +----+
| |------|......PW.Seg't1.......PW.Seg't3......|------| |
| CE1| | | | | | | | | |CE2 |
| |------|......PW.Seg't2.......PW.Seg't4......|------| |
+----+ | | |=========| |=========| | | +----+
^ +-----+ ^ +-----+ ^ +-----+ ^
| | | |
| TP LSP TP LSP |
| |
|<---------------- Emulated Service --------------->|
Native |<-------------Pseudowire------------>| Native
Service | | Service
(AC) | |<--PSN-->| |<--PSN-->| | (AC)
| V V V V V V |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
+----+ | |T-PE1|=========|S-PE1|=========|T-PE2| | +----+
| |------|......PW.Seg't1.......PW.Seg't3......|------| |
| CE1| | | | | | | | | |CE2 |
| |------|......PW.Seg't2.......PW.Seg't4......|------| |
+----+ | | |=========| |=========| | | +----+
^ +-----+ ^ +-----+ ^ +-----+ ^
| | | |
| TP LSP TP LSP |
| |
|<---------------- Emulated Service --------------->|
--------Untrusted---------->|<--->|<-------Untrusted----------
Trusted
Zone
Native |<--------------------- PW15 ------------------>| Native
Layer | | Layer
Service | |<PSN13>| |<PSN3X>| |<PSNXZ>| | Service
(AC1) V V LSP V V LSP V V LSP V V (AC2)
| +-----+ +-+ +-----+ +-----+ +-+ +-----+ |
+---+ | |T-PE1| | | |S-PE3| |S-PEX| | | |T-PEZ| | +---+
| | | | |=======| |=======| |=======| | | | |
|CE1|----|........PW1........|..PW3..|........PW5........|---|CE2|
| | | | |=======| |=======| |=======| | | | |
+---+ | 1 | |2| | 3 | | X | |Y| | Z | +---+
+-----+ +-+ +-----+ +-----+ +-+ +-----+
|<--Subnetwork 123->| |<--Subnetwork XYZ->|
Untrusted>|<-- Trusted Zone-->|<-------------Untrusted-------------
Diameter +--------+
+-------------+ ERP +-----------+ (*) | Home |
Peer <->|Authenticator|<=======>| ER server | <---> | EAP |
+-------------+ +-----------+ | server |
+--------+
(*) Diameter EAP application; explicit bootstrapping scenario only.
ER server &
Authenticator EAP Proxy Home EAP server
============= =========== ===============
------------------------->
Diameter EAP/DER
(EAP-Response)
------------------------->
Diameter EAP/DER
(EAP-Response)
(ERP-RK-Request)
<-------------------------
Diameter EAP/DEA
(EAP-Success)
(MSK)
(Key AVP (rRK))
<-------------------------
Diameter EAP/DEA
(EAP-Success)
(MSK)
[ERP-Realm]
Authenticator ER server Home Diameter server
============= ========= ====================
----------------------->
Diameter ERP/DER
(EAP-Initiate)
------------------------>
Diameter EAP/DER
(EAP-Response)
(ERP-RK-Request)
<------------------------
Diameter EAP/DEA
(EAP-Success)
(Key AVP (rRK))
(Key AVP (rMSK))
<----------------------
Diameter ERP/DEA
(EAP-Finish)
(Key AVP (rMSK))
ER server
Peer Authenticator (bootstrapped)
==== ============= ======================
[ <------------------------ ]
[optional EAP-Initiate/Re-auth-start,]
[ possibly with ERP domain name ]
----------------------->
EAP-Initiate/Re-auth
===============================>
Diameter ERP, cmd code DER
User-Name: keyName-NAI
EAP-Payload: EAP-Initiate/Re-auth
<===============================
Diameter ERP, cmd code DEA
EAP-Payload: EAP-Finish/Re-auth
Key AVP: rMSK
<----------------------
EAP-Finish/Re-auth
+------------+
| Holder of | 1. Generation
| identifier +<---------+
+----+-------+ |
| | Match
| v/
| +-------+-------+
+----------+ Repository of |
| | identifiers |
| +-------+-------+
2. Distribution | ^\
| | Match
v |
+---------+-------+ |
| User of | |
| identifier +----------+
+-----------------+ 3. Use
| "Grant on match" | "Deny on match"
---------------+------------------------+-----------------------
False positive | Elevation of privilege | Denial of service
---------------+------------------------+-----------------------
False negative | Denial of service | Elevation of privilege
---------------+------------------------+-----------------------
+----------+
| Core SIP |
+--------->| SPF |<---------+
| SIP +----------+ SIP |
v v
+-----------+ +-----------+
+-----+ SIP | SBE | | SBE | SIP
| S |<----->| | | |<----->
| I | +-----------+ +-----------+
| P | || ||
| | +-----------+ +-----------+
| U | RTP | DBE | RTP | DBE | RTP
| A |<----->| |<----------------->| | <----->
+-----+ +-----------+ +-----------+
+----------+
| Core SIP |
+--->|SPF (IPv4)|<---+
IPv4 SIP | +----------+ |IPv4 SIP
v v
+-----------+ +-----------+
| SBE | | SBE | SIP
+------->|IPv4/v6 IWF| | |<-------+
|IPv6 +-----------+ +-----------+ IPv4|
| SIP SIP|
+----+ | +-----------+ +-----------+ | +----+
|IPv6|-+IPv6 RTP| DBE |IPv4 RTP| DBE |IPv4 RTP+-|IPv4|
| UA |<-------->|IPv4/v6 IWF|<------>| |<-------->| UA |
+----+ +-----------+ +-----------+ +----+
+----------+
| Core SIP |
+--->|SPF (IPv4)|<---+
IPv4 SIP | +----------+ |IPv4 SIP
v v
+-----------+ +-----------+
| SBE | | SBE | SIP
+------->|IPv4/v6 IWF| |IPv4/v6 IWF|<-------+
|IPv6 +-----------+ +-----------+ IPv6|
| SIP SIP|
+----+ | +-----------+ +-----------+ | +----+
|IPv6|-+IPv6 RTP| DBE |IPv4 RTP| DBE |IPv6 RTP+-|IPv6|
| UA |<-------->|IPv4/v6 IWF|<------>|IPv4/v6 IWF|<-------->| UA |
+----+ +-----------+ +-----------+ +----+
+----------+
| Core SIP |
+--->|SPF (IPv4)|<---+
IPv4 SIP | +----------+ |IPv4 SIP
v v
+-----------+ +-----------+
| SBE | | SBE | SIP
+------->|IPv4/v6 IWF| |IPv4/v6 IWF|<-------+
|IPv6 +-----------+ +-----------+ IPv4|
| SIP SIP|
+----+ | +-----------+ +-----------+ | +----+
|IPv6|-+IPv6 RTP| DBE |IPv6 RTP| DBE |IPv4 RTP+-|IPv4|
| UA |<-------->| NAT66 |<------>|IPv4/v6 IWF|<-------->| UA |
+----+ +-----------+ +-----------+ +----+
2001:db8::2
+----------+
| Core SIP |
+--->|SPF (IPv4)|<---+
IPv4 SIP | +----------+ |IPv4 SIP
v v
+-----------+ +-----------+
| SBE | | SBE | SIP
+------->|IPv4/v6 IWF| |IPv4/v6 IWF|<-------+
|IPv6 +-----------+ +-----------+ IPv6|
| SIP SIP|
+----+ | +-----------+ +-----------+ | +----+
|IPv6|-+IPv6 RTP| DBE |IPv6 RTP| DBE |IPv6 RTP+-|IPv6|
| UA |<-------->| NAT66 |<------>| NAT66 |<-------->| UA |
+----+ +-----------+ +-----------+ +----+
2001:db8::2
+----------+
| Core SIP |
+--->|SPF (IPv4)|<---+
IPv4 SIP | +----------+ |IPv4 SIP
v v
+-----------+ +-----------+
| SBE | | SBE | SIP
+------->|IPv4/v6 IWF| |IPv4/v6 IWF|<-------+
|IPv6 +-----------+ +-----------+ IPv6|
| SIP SIP|
+----+ | +-----------+ | +----+
|IPv6|-+IPv6 RTP| DBE | IPv6 RTP +-|IPv6|
| UA |<-------->| NAT66 |<----------------------------->| UA |
+----+ +-----------+ +----+
2001:db8::1 2001:db8::2
+----------+
| Core SIP |
+--->|SPF (IPv4)|<---+
IPv4 SIP | +----------+ |IPv4 SIP
v v
+-----------+ +-----------+
| SBE | | SBE | SIP
+------->|IPv4/v6 IWF| |IPv4/v6 IWF|<-------+
|IPv6 +-----------+ +-----------+ IPv6|
| SIP SIP|
+----+ | | +----+
|IPv6|-+ IPv6 RTP +-|IPv6|
| UA |<---------------------------------------------------->| UA |
+----+ +----+
2001:db8::1
-----------
| Master |
|WS Device| ------------
|Lat: X |\ .---. /--------|Database A|
|Long: Y | \ ( ) / ------------
----------- \-------/ \/ o
( Internet) o
----------- /------( )\ o
| Master | / ( ) \ o
|WS Device|/ (_____) \ ------------
|Lat: X | \------|Database B|
|Long: Y | ------------
-----------
--------
|Slave |
|Device| \ \|/ ----------
| 1 | (Air) | |Database|
-------- \ | (----) /|--------|
| \ ------|------ ( ) /
| \| Master | / \
-------- /| |======= ( Internet )
|Slave | / | Device | \ /
|Device| (Air) | | ( )
| 2 | / |-----------| (----)
-------- /
o | /
o | (Air)
o | /
-------- /
|Slave | /
|Device| /
| n |
--------
\|/
|
|--|----------|
\|/ /|Access Point |\
| (Air)--/ |-------------| \
--|------ / \ -----------
|Portable|/ \ (----) | Database|
| Device | \ ( ) /----------
|--------|\ \ / \
\ X( Internet )
\ / \ /
(Air) / ( )
\ / (----)
\ /
\|---------------|/
| Metered |
| Service |
|---------------|
Figure 4 shows an example of deployment of this scenario.
\|/ White \|/ \|/ Wi-Fi \|/
| Space | | |
| | | |-|----|
(----) |-|----| |-|------|-| | Wi-Fi|
( ) |Master| | Slave |--(Air)--| Dev |
/ \ | |--(Air)--| Bridge | |------|
( Internet )---| | | to Wi-Fi |
\ / |------| |----------| \|/
( ) \ |
(----) \(Air) |-|----|
\--| Wi-Fi|
| Dev |
|------|
\|/
| ad hoc
|
|-|-------------|
| Master node | |-------------|
\|/ | with | | White-Space |
| ad hoc /| backhaul link | | Database |
| /---/ |---------------| |-------------|
---|------------/ | \ /
| Master node | | | (--/--)
| without | | -----( )
| backhaul link | | Wireless / Private \
----------------\ | Access ( net or )
\ | \ Internet )
\ \|/ | ------( /
\ | ad hoc | | (------)
\ | | / \
\--|------------- /Satellite ----------
| Master node | / Link | Other |
| with |/ | nodes |
| backhaul link | ----------
-----------------
|------------|
|White-Space |
| Database |
.---. / |------------|
|-----------| ( ) /
| Master | / \
| |========( Internet)
|-----------| \ /
| ( )
/|\ (---)
\|/ \|/ \|/ \|/ \|/ \|/ \|/
| | | | | | | .................
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
USB TV receivers connected to laptops, cell phones, tablets ...
+-----+ +------+
| |EtherPHYIn | | from some LFB(s) that
| |<---------------|Ether |<---------- generate Ethernet
| | |MACOut| packets
| | | LFB |
|Ether| +------+
|PHY | +------+
|Cop | | |
|LFB |EtherPHYOut | Ether| to some LFB(s) that
| |--------------->| MACIn|----------> may classify Ethernet
| | | LFB | packets and do IP-layer
| | | | processing
+-----+ +------+
+----------+--------------- +------------------------+--------------+
|LFB Class | LFB Class Name | Description | Reference |
|Identifier| | | |
+----------+--------------- +------------------------+--------------+
| 3 | EtherPHYCop | Define an Ethernet port| RFC 6956, |
| | | abstracted at physical | Section 5.1.1|
| | | layer. | |
| | | | |
| 4 | EtherMACIn | Define an Ethernet | RFC 6956, |
| | | input port at MAC data | Section 5.1.2|
| | | link layer. | |
| | | | |
| 5 |EtherClassifier | Define the process to | RFC 6956, |
| | | decapsulate Ethernet | Section 5.1.3|
| | | packets and classify | |
| | | the packets. | |
| | | | |
| 6 | EtherEncap | Define the process to | RFC 6956, |
| | | encapsulate IP packets | Section 5.1.4|
| | | to Ethernet packets. | |
| | | | |
| 7 | EtherMACOut | Define an Ethernet | RFC 6956 |
| | | output port at MAC | Section 5.1.5|
| | | data link layer. | |
| | | | |
| 8 | IPv4Validator | Perform IPv4 packets | RFC 6956, |
| | | validation. | Section 5.2.1|
| | | | |
| 9 | IPv6Validator | Perform IPv6 packets | RFC 6956, |
| | | validation. | Section 5.2.2|
| | | | |
| 10 | IPv4UcastLPM | Perform IPv4 Longest | RFC 6956, |
| | | Prefix Match Lookup. | Section 5.3.1|
| | | | |
| 11 | IPv6UcastLPM | Perform IPv6 Longest | RFC 6956, |
| | | Prefix Match Lookup. | Section 5.3.3|
| | | | |
| 12 | IPv4NextHop | Define the process of | RFC 6956, |
| | | selecting IPv4 next-hop| Section 5.3.2|
| | | action. | |
| | | | |
| 13 | IPv6NextHop | Define the process of | RFC 6956, |
| | | selecting IPv6 next-hop| Section 5.3.4|
| | | action. | |
| | | | |
| 14 | RedirectIn | Define the process for | RFC 6956, |
| | | CE to inject data | Section 5.4.1|
| | | packets into FE LFB | |
| | | topology. | |
| | | | |
| 15 | RedirectOut | Define the process for | RFC 6956, |
| | | LFBs in FE to deliver | Section 5.4.2|
| | | data packets to CE. | |
| | | | |
| 16 | BasicMetadata | Dispatch input packets | RFC 6956, |
| | Dispatch | to a group output | Section 5.5.1|
| | | according to a metadata| |
| | | | |
| 17 |GenericScheduler| Define a preliminary | RFC 6956, |
| | | generic scheduling | Section 5.5.2|
| | | process. | |
+----------+--------------- +------------------------+--------------+
CPE1 CPE2 BNG
| | |
(a)| | |
| | |
(b)|===================>|
| | |(c)
| | |
| (d)| |
| | |
| (e)|=========>|
| | |
| |<=========|(f)
| | |
+------------+--------------------+--------------------+------------+
| Event | Check | Action | New event |
+------------+--------------------+--------------------+------------+
| DAD-NS | * No entry for | Create an entry | - |
| message | IPv6-CPE1 in the | for IPv6-CPE1 | |
| reception. | Binding Table. | bound to Link- | |
| | | layer-CPE2 in the | |
| | | Binding Table. | |
| | * Entry for | - | Existing |
| | IPv6-CPE1 in the | | entry. |
| | Binding Table. | | |
| | | | |
| Existing | * Link-layer-CPE2 | - | - |
| entry. | bound to IPv6-CPE1 | | |
| | in the Binding | | |
| | Table. | | |
| | * Another link- | - | Conflict? |
| | layer address, | | |
| | Link-layer-CPE1, | | |
| | bound to IPv6-CPE1 | | |
| | in the Binding | | |
| | Table. | | |
| | | | |
| Conflict? | * IPv6-CPE1 | - | Reachable? |
| | associated to | | |
| | Link-layer-CPE1 in | | |
| | the Neighbor | | |
| | Cache. | | |
| | * IPv6-CPE1 | Out of scope. | - |
| | associated to | | |
| | another link-layer | | |
| | address than Link- | | |
| | layer-CPE1 in the | | |
| | Neighbor Cache. | | |
| | * IPv6-CPE1 is not | Create an entry | Reachable? |
| | in the Neighbor | for IPv6-CPE1 | |
| | Cache. | associated to | |
| | | Link-layer-CPE1 in | |
| | | the Neighbor | |
| | | Cache. | |
| Reachable? | * NUD process is | IPv6-CPE2 is bound | - |
| | negative. | to Link-layer- | |
| | | CPE2, instead to | |
| | | Link-layer-CPE1, | |
| | | in the Binding | |
| | | Table. | |
| | * NUD process is | A NA message is | - |
| | positive. | sent. | |
+------------+--------------------+--------------------+------------+
Edge Network 1 CPE-ISP _.------------.
_.----------------. Ingress/ ISP A `--.
,--'' `---. ,' `.
,' +----+ +------+ +------+ `. / +------+ +------+ \\
( |Host+--+Switch+--+ CPE +---)-(---+ PE +- - - -+ NNI | )
`. +----+ +------+ |Router| ,' \\ |Router| |Router| /
`---. Host-neighbor +------+' `.+------+ +--+---+,'
`----------------'' '--. |_.-'
`------------'|
|
Edge Network 2 ISP-ISP Ingress |
_.----------------. _.----------.|
,--'' `---. ,-'' |--.
,' +----+ +------+ +------+ `. ,+------+ +--+---+.
( |Host+--+Switch+--+ CPE +---)---+-+ PE +- - - -+ NNI | \\
`. +----+ +------+ |Router| ,' ( |Router| |Router| )
`---. +------+' \\+------+ +------+ /
`----------------'' `. ,'
'--. ISP B _.-'
`----------''
.-(::::::::) 2001:db8:1::1
.-(::: IPv6 :::)-. +-------------+
(:::: Internet ::::) | IPv6 Host E |
`-(::::::::::::)-' +-------------+
`-(::::::)-'
,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,
,----|companion gateway|--.
/ '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' :
/ |.
,-' `.
; +------------+ +------------+ )
: | Router A | | Router B | /
: | (isatap) | | (isatap) | :
: | 192.0.2.1 | | 192.0.2.1 | ;
+ +------------+ +------------+ \
fe80::*:192.0.2.1 fe80::*:192.0.2.1
| 2001:db8::/64 2001:db8::/64 |
| ;
: IPv4 Site -+-'
`-. (PRL: 192.0.2.1) .)
\ _)
`-----+--------)----+'----'
fe80::*:192.0.2.18 fe80::*:192.0.2.34
2001:db8::*:192.0.2.18 2001:db8::*:192.0.2.34
+--------------+ +--------------+
| 192.0.2.18 | | 192.0.2.34 |
| (isatap) | | (isatap) |
| Host C | | Host D |
+--------------+ +--------------+
.-(::::::::) 2001:db8:1::1
.-(::: IPv6 :::)-. +-------------+
(:::: Internet ::::) | IPv6 Host E |
`-(::::::::::::)-' +-------------+
`-(::::::)-'
,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,
,----|companion gateway|--.
/ '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' :
/ |.
,-' `.
; +------------+ +------------+ )
: | Router A | | Router B | /
: | (isatap) | | (isatap) | :
: | 192.0.2.17 | | 192.0.2.33 | ;
+ +------------+ +------------+ \
fe80::*:192.0.2.17 fe80::*:192.0.2.33
2001:db8:0:1::/64 2001:db8:0:2::/64
| ;
: IPv4 Site -+-'
`-. (PRL: 192.0.2.1) .)
\ _)
`-----+--------)----+'----'
fe80::*:192.0.2.18 fe80::*:192.0.2.34
2001:db8:0:1::*:192.0.2.18 2001:db8:0:2::*:192.0.2.34
+--------------+ +--------------+
| 192.0.2.18 | | 192.0.2.34 |
| (isatap) | | (isatap) |
| Host C | | Host D |
+--------------+ +--------------+
+-----+------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|IP-ID| IP | TCP |HTTP |PROXY|Port | HIP |ICMP |IDENT|
| |Option|Option|Header| | Set | | | |
----------+-----+------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
UDP | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | | Yes | No |
----------+-----+------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
TCP | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | | Yes | Yes |
----------+-----+------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
HTTP | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | | Yes | Yes |
----------+-----+------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Encrypted | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | | Yes | Yes |
Traffic | | | | | | | | | |
----------+-----+------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Success | High| Low | High | High | Low | 100%|Low |High |High |
Ratio | | | | | | | | | |
----------+-----+------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Possible | Low | High | Low | Med | High| No | N/A | High|High |
Perf | to | | to | to | | | | | |
Impact | Med | | Med | High | | | | | |
----------+-----+------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
OS TCP/IP | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | | Yes | Yes |
Modif | | | | | | | | | |
----------+-----+------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Deployable| Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
Today | | | | | | | | | |
----------+-----+------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Notes | (1) | (8) | (8) | (2) | (8) | (1) | (4) | (6) | (1) |
| (7) | | | | | (3) | (7) | (8) | (6) |
| | | | | | | | | (8) |
----------+-----+------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| Field | Description |
+------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| Version | 3-bit field that MUST be set to 0 in this |
| | specification and that indicates the FCAST protocol |
| | version number. |
| | |
| Reserved | 3-bit field that MUST be set to 0 in this |
| | specification and is reserved for future use. |
| | Receivers MUST ignore this field. |
| | |
| G | 1-bit field that, when set to 1, indicates that the |
| | checksum encompasses the whole Compound Object |
| | (Global checksum). When set to 0, this field |
| | indicates that the checksum encompasses only the |
| | FCAST Header. |
| | |
| C | 1-bit field that, when set to 1, indicates that the |
| | object is a CID. When set to 0, this field |
| | indicates that the transported object is a standard |
| | object. |
| | |
| Metadata | 4-bit field that defines the format of the Object |
| Format | Metadata field (see Section 7). An HTTP/1.1 |
| (MDFmt) | metainformation format [RFC2616] MUST be supported |
| | and is associated to value 0. Other formats (e.g., |
| | XML) may be defined in the future. |
| | |
| Metadata | 4-bit field that defines the optional encoding of |
| Encoding | the Object Metadata field (see Section 7). Two |
| (MDEnc) | values are currently defined. A value of 0 |
| | indicates that the field contains UTF-8 encoded |
| | [RFC3629] text. A value of 1 indicates that the |
| | field contains GZIP [RFC1952] compressed UTF-8 |
| | encoded text. |
| | |
<------------------------ Compound Object ----------------------->
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| FCAST Header | Object Data |
| (can include metadata) | (can be encoded by FCAST) |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------+
UPnP IGD-PCP
UPnP Control Interworking
Point Function PCP Server
| IGD |
| | |
| (1) AddPortMapping() | |
|----------------------->| |
| | (2) PCP MAP Request |
| |-------------------------->|
| | |
UPnP-PCP
UPnP Control Interworking
Point Function PCP Server
| | |
| (1) AddAnyPortMapping() | |
| ExternalPort=8080 | |
|------------------------>| |
| | (2) PCP MAP Request |
| |Suggested External Port=8080 |
| |---------------------------->|
| | |
| | (3) PCP MAP Response |
| | Assigned External Port=6598 |
| |<----------------------------|
| (4) AddAnyPortMapping() | |
| ReservedPort=6598 | |
|<------------------------| |
UPnP-PCP
UPnP Control Interworking
Point Function PCP Server
| | |
| (1) AddPortMapping() | |
| ExternalPort=8080 | |
|----------------------->| |
| | (2) PCP MAP Request |
| |Suggested External Port=8080 |
| | PREFER_FAILURE |
| |---------------------------->|
| | |
| | (3) PCP MAP Response |
| | Assigned External Port=8080 |
| |<----------------------------|
| (4) AddPortMapping() | |
| ExternalPort=8080 | |
|<-----------------------| |
UPnP-PCP
UPnP Control Interworking
Point Function PCP Server
| | |
| (1) AddPortMapping() | |
| ExternalPort=8080 | |
|----------------------->| |
| | (2) PCP MAP Request |
| |Suggested External Port=8080 |
| | PREFER_FAILURE |
| |---------------------------->|
| | (3) PCP MAP Response |
| | CANNOT_PROVIDE_EXTERNAL |
| |<----------------------------|
| (4) Error: | |
| ConflictInMappingEntry | |
|<-----------------------| |
| (5) AddPortMapping() | |
| ExternalPort=5485 | |
|----------------------->| |
| | (6) PCP MAP Request |
| |Suggested External Port=5485 |
| | PREFER_FAILURE |
| |---------------------------->|
| | (7) PCP MAP Response |
| | CANNOT_PROVIDE_EXTERNAL |
| |<----------------------------|
| (8) Error: | |
| ConflictInMappingEntry | |
|<-----------------------| |
....
| (a) AddPortMapping() | |
| ExternalPort=6591 | |
|----------------------->| |
| | (b) PCP MAP Request |
| |Suggested External Port=6591 |
| | PREFER_FAILURE |
| |---------------------------->|
| | (c) PCP MAP Response |
| | CANNOT_PROVIDE_EXTERNAL |
| |<----------------------------|
| (d) Error: | |
| ConflictInMappingEntry | |
|<-----------------------| |
UPnP-PCP
UPnP Control Interworking
Point Function PCP Server
| | |
| (1) DeletePortMapping() | |
|------------------------>| |
| | |
| (2) Error: | |
| NoSuchEntryInArray | |
|<------------------------| |
| | |
UPnP-PCP
UPnP Control Interworking
Point Function PCP Server
| | |
| (1) DeletePortMappingRange() | |
| StartPort=8596 | |
| EndPort =9000 | |
| Protocol =UDP | |
|----------------------------->| |
| | |
| (2) Error: | |
| PortMappingNotFound | |
|<-----------------------------| |
| | |
UPnP-PCP
UPnP Control Interworking
Point Function PCP Server
| | |
| (1) DeletePortMappingRange() | |
| StartPort=6000 | |
| EndPort =6050 | |
| Protocol =UDP | |
|----------------------------->| |
| | |
| | (2a) PCP MAP Request |
| | Protocol=UDP |
| | internal-ip-address |
| | internal-port |
| | external-ip-address |
| | external-port=6030 |
| | Requested-lifetime=0 |
| |------------------------->|
| | |
| | (2b) PCP MAP Request |
| | Protocol=UDP |
| | internal-ip-address |
| | internal-port |
| | external-ip-address |
| | external-port=6045 |
| | Requested-lifetime=0 |
| |------------------------->|
| | |
| (3) Positive answer | |
|<-----------------------------| |
| | |
+-----------------+
| |
| (S) --------> (R) --------> (D)
| |
+-----------------+
Routing Domain
+-----------------+
| |
(S) --------> (R) --------> (D) |
| |
+-----------------+
Routing Domain
+-----------------+
| |
(S) --------> (R1) -----------> (R2) --------> (D)
| |
+-----------------+
Routing Domain
+------------------------------------------------+
| |
| +--------------------------------+ |
| | Tracker | |
| +--------------------------------+ |
| | ^ ^ |
|Tracker | | Tracker |Tracker |
|Protocol| | Protocol |Protocol |
| | | | |
| V | | |
| +---------+ Peer +---------+ |
| | Peer |<----------->| Peer | |
| +---------+ Protocol +---------+ |
| | ^ |
| | |Peer |
| | |Protocol |
| V | |
| +---------------+ |
| | Peer | |
| +---------------+ |
| |
| |
+------------------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| +------------------+ |
| +------------>| A's Tracker |<----------+ |
| | +------------------+ | |
| Tracker| ^ ^ | |
| Protocol| Tracker| |Tracker |Tracker |
| | Protocol| |Protocol |Protocol |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| v v v v |
| +------+ Peer +------+ +------+ +------+ |
| | B's |<------->| B's | | C's | | C's | |
| | SN1 |Protocol | SN2 | | SN1 | | SN2 | |
| +------+ +------+ +------+ +------+ |
| ^ ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | | |
| | | Peer Protocol Peer Protocol| | |
| Peer | +-------------+ +--------------+ |Peer |
| Protocol| | | |Protocol|
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| v v v v |
| +------+ Peer +------+ +---------+ Peer +---------+ |
| | A's |<------> | B's | |A's |<------> |C's | |
| | User1|Protocol | User2| | User1 |Protocol | User3 | |
| +------+ +------+ +---------+ +---------+ |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| +-------------+ +--------------+ |
| +----->| A's Tracker | | B's Tracker |<---+ |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ | |
| Tracker| ^ ^ ^ ^ | |
| Protocol| Tracker| |Tracker | |Tracker |Tracker |
| | Protocol| |Protocol| |Protocol |Protocol|
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| v v | | v v |
| +------+ Peer +------+| | +------+Internal+------+ |
| | CDN |<------>| CDN || | | CDN |<-----> | CDN | |
| | Node1|Protocol| Node2|| | | Node3|Protocol| Node4| |
| +------+ +------+| | +------+ +------+ |
| ^ ^ | | ^ ^ |
| | | | | | | |
| | | Peer Protocol | | HTTP | | |
| Peer | +-------------+ | | +------+ |Peer |
| Protocol| | | | | Protocol |Protocol|
| | | +-+ | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| v v v v v v |
| +------+ Peer +------+ +---------+ Peer +---------+ |
| | A's |<------> | A's | |B's |<------> |B's | |
| | User1|Protocol | User2| | User3 |Protocol | User4 | |
| +------+ +------+ +---------+ +---------+ |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Tracker Protocol +---------+ Tracker Protocol |
| +-------------> | Tracker |<------------------+ |
| | +---------+ | |
| | ^ | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| V | V |
| +------+ | +------------+ |
| | STB | Tracker Protocol |Mobile Phone| |
| +------+ | +------------+ |
| ^ | ^ |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | V | |
| |Peer Protocol +---------+ Peer Protocol | |
| +-------------> | PC |<------------------+ |
| +---------+ |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Tracker Protocol +---------+ |
| +----------------> | Tracker | |
| | +---------+ |
| | ^ |
| | | |
| | | Tracker Protocol |
| | | |
| | | |
| | +---------|-------------------------------------|
| | | V |
| | | +---------+ |
| | +----------|---> | Cache |<-------------------+ |
| | | | +---------+ Tracker/Peer| |
| | | Peer | Protocol | |
| | | Protocol | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| V V | V |
| +-----------+ | ISP Domain +------------+ |
| | External | | | Inside | |
| | Peer | | | Peer | |
| +-----------+ | +------------+ |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Tracker Protocol +--------+ |
| +----------------> | Tracker| |
| | +--------+ |
| | ^ |
| | | |
| | | Tracker Protocol |
| | | |
| | +---------|------------------------------------|
| | | V |
| | | +--------+ |
| | +----------|---> | PPSP |<------------------+ |
| | | | | Proxy | DLNA | |
| | | Peer | +--------+ Protocol | |
| | | Protocol| | |
| | | | | |
| V V | V |
| +-----------+ | Home Domain +-----------+ |
| | External | | |DLNA Pres.| |
| | Peer | | |Devices | |
| +-----------+ | +-----------+ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
___ ######## ___ ######## ___
======>/LSR\********/LSR\***XX***/LSR\
\_B_/@@@@@@@@\_A_/ \_F_/
*@ #*@
*@ #*@
*@ #*@
_*@ ___ #*@
/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\======>
\_C_/@@@@@@@@\_D_/@@@@@@@@\_E_/
___ ___ ___
======>/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\======>
\_B_/########\_A_/########\_F_/
*@ @*
*@ @*
*@ @*
_*@ ___ @*_
/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\
\_C_/@@@@@@@@\_D_/@@@@@@@@\_E_/
___ ___ ___
=====>/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\======>
\_B_/########\_A_/########\_F_/
*@ @*
*@ @*
*@ @*
_*@ ___ @*_
/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\
\_C_/@@@@@@@@\_D_/@@@@@@@@\_E_/
___ ___ ___
/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\
\_B_/@@@@@@@@\_A_/########\_F_/
*@ *@
*@ *@
*@ *@
_*@ ___ _*@
/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\
\_C_/@@@@@@@@\_D_/@@@@@@@@\_E_/
___ ___ ___
/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\
\_B_/@@@@@@@@\_A_/########\_F_/
*@ *#
*@ *#
*@ *#
_*@ ___ _*#
/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\
\_C_/@@@@@@@@\_D_/@@@@@@@@\_E_/
___ ++++++++ ___ ___
/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\
\_B_/@@@@@@@@\_A_/########\_F_/
$+*@ +*$
$+*@ +*$
$+*@ +*$
$+*@ ++++++++ ___ ++++++++ +*$
/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\
\_C_/@@@@@@@@\_D_/@@@@@@@@\_E_/
$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$
|
|
V Ingress
___ _V_ ___
/LSR\ /LSR\**************/LSR\
<@@\_F_/@@@@@@@@@@@@@\_A_/@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\_B_/
@ * *
@ * *
@ * XXXX Failure
@ * *
@_* ___ __*
/LSR\*************/LSR\**************/LSR\
\_E_/@@@@@@@@@@@@@\_D_/@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\_C_/
@ @
@ @
V V
^ ^ ^
_|_ _|_ _|_
----->/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\
\_A_/========\_B_/========\_C_/
+* <+++++++++*||
+* +*||
+* +*||
+* +*||
+*_ ++++++++ ___ +++++++++*||
/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\
\_F_/<=======\_E_/========\_D_/
| | |
V V V
^ ^ ^ ^
^ ^ ^ ^
___ xxxxxxxxx_+_ xxxxxxxxxX+_xxxxxxxxxX+_ xxxxxxxx_+_
xxxxx>/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\*******/LSR\*******/LSR\
\_B_/========\_C_/========\_D_/=======\_E_/=======\_F_/
*+ <+++++++++ +++++++ ++++++++*||x
*+ +*||x
*+ +*||x
*+ +*||x
_*++++++++++ ___ +++++++++___ ++++++++___+++++++++*||x
/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\*******/LSR\*******/LSR\
\_A_/<=======\_K_/========\_J_/=======\_H_/=======\_G_/
+ + + +Xxxxxxxxxx +
v v v v v
v v v v v
1
X-------------/-------------Y
| |
| |
| |
| |
1 | | 1
| |
| |
| |
| |
S---------------------------R
2
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+
|DHCPv6 | | NAS | |Radius |
|Client | |(DHCPv6| |Server |
| | | Relay)| | |
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| | |
|---Solicit---------------->| |
| |---Access-Request---------->|
|<--Access-Accept------------|
| (e.g., DS-Lite-Tunnel-Name)|
....
| +-------+
| |DHCPv6 |
| |Server |
| | |
| +-------+
| |
|---Relay-Forward----------->|
| (RSOO(OPTION_AFTR_NAME)) |
| |
| |<--Relay-Reply--------------|
|<--Advertise---------------| (e.g., OPTION_AFTR_NAME) |
| (e.g., OPTION_AFTR_NAME) |
....
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+
|DHCPv6 | | NAS | |Radius |
|Client | |(DHCPv6| |Server/|
| | | Relay)| | DAC |
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| | |
|<-----CoA-Request-----------|
|(e.g., DS-Lite-Tunnel-Name) |
|------CoA-Ack-------------->|
....
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+
|DHCPv6 | | NAS | |Radius |
|Client | |(DHCPv6| |Server/|
| | | Relay)| | DAC |
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| | |
|<-----CoA-Request-----------|
|(e.g., DS-Lite-Tunnel-Name) |
| |
|------CoA-Ack-------------->|
....
| +-------+
| |DHCPv6 |
| |Server |
| | |
| +-------+
| |
|---Reconfigure-Request----->|
|<--Reconfigure-Reply--------|
| |
| |<--Relay-Reply -------------|
|<--Reconfigure-------------| (Reconfigure) |
| | |
....
A
| Bp is the address to use to get
| a packet to B not via P
|
S----------P----------B. . . . . . . . . .D
\ | Bp^
\ | |
\ | |
\ C |
\ |
X-------Y-------Z
Repair to Bp
X X X
| | |
| | |
| Sp |Pb |
Z...............S----------P----------B...............Y
Ps|Pc Bp
|
Cp|
C
a Ps a Dp
S----------P---------D
| | |
| a | |
A----------B |
| | |
| | |
C----------E---------F
a Ps a Dg
S----------P---------G--------D
| | | |
| a | | |
A----------B | |
| | | |
| | | |
C----------E---------F--------H
ab Ps a Dg
S----------P---------G--------D
| | | |
| a | | |
A----------B | |
| | | |
| b | | b |
C----------E---------F--------H
| |
| |
J----------K
ab Ps a Dg
S----/-----P---------G---/----D
| | | |
| a | | |
A----/-----B | |
| | | |
| b | | b |
C----/-----E---------F---/----H
| |
| |
J----------K
ab Ps a Dg
S----/-----P---------G---/----D
| | | |
| a | | |
A----/-----B | |
| | | |
| b | | b |
C----------E---------F--------H
| |
| |
J----------K
+--------------Q------C
|
|
|
A--------S-------(N)-------------P------B
|
|
|
+--------------R------D
Ql Cl
+-------------Q--------C
| Qc
|
As Sl | Pl Bl
A--------S-------(N)------------P--------B
Sa | Pb
|
| Rl Dl
+-------------R--------D
Rd
Qs Qp Qc Cqn
+--------------Q---------C
| Qr Qn Cq
|
Asn Sa Sp Sq | Ps Pq Pb Bpn
A--------S-------(N)-------------P---------B
As Sr Sn | Pr Pn Bp
|
| Rs Rp Pd Drn
+--------------R---------D
Rq Rn Dr
A------//------B------------X------//------Y------D
| | | |
| | | |
M--------------+ N--------------+
/\/\/\/\/\
\Internet/
/ \
\/\/\/\/\/
|
|(ADSL)
|
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| LAN (10.20.0.0/24) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
|.222 |.230 |.221 |.179 |.231 |.220
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +---------+
| CE | | CE | | | | | | | | Protocol|
|ZJSU | | NTT | | FE1 |.1 .2| FE |.1 .2| FE2 | | Analyzer|
+-----+ +-----+ |ZJSU |---------| NTT |---------|ZJSU | +---------+
+---------| |192.169. | | 192.168.| |------+
| .2 +-----+ 20.0.24 +-----+ 30.0/24+-----+ .2 |
| .12| |.12 |
| | | |
192.168.50.0/24 | |192.168.60.0/24
| 192.168.10.0/24 192.168.40.0/24 |
.1 | |.11 |.11 |.1
+--------+ +--------------------------------------+ +--------+
|Terminal| | SmartBits | |Terminal|
+--------+ +--------------------------------------+ +--------+
/\/\/\/\/\
\Internet/
/ \
\/\/\/\/\/
|
|(VPN)
|
+------------------------------------+
| LAN |
+------------------------------------+
| | |
| | |
+------+ +--------+ +------+
| FE | |Protocol| | CE |
| UoP | |Analyzer| | UoP |
+------+ +--------+ +------+
+------+
| CE |
| ZJSU |
+------+
^ | ^
OSPF | | | OSPF
<-----+ | +----->
+-------+ +------+ +------+
+--------+ | OSPF | | FE | | OSPF | +--------+
|Terminal|----|Router |----| NTT |-----|Router|--|Terminal|
+--------+ +-------+ +------+ +------+ +--------+
<-------------------------------------------->
Packet Forwarding
(b)
+-----+----+-----+-----+--------------+-------------------+---------+
|Test#| CE |FE(s)|Oper | LFB | Component | Result |
| | | | | | /Capability | |
+-----+----+-----+-----+--------------+-------------------+---------+
| 1 | Z | N | GET | FEObject | LFBTopology | Success |
| | N | Z | | | | Success |
| | P | Z | | | | Success |
| | N | P | | | | Success |
| | P | N | | | | Success |
| | | | | | | |
| 2 | Z | N | GET | FEObject | LFBSelector | Success |
| | N | Z | | | | Success |
| | Z | P | | | | Success |
| | P | Z | | | | Success |
| | N | P | | | | Success |
| | P | N | | | | Success |
| | | | | | | |
| 3 | Z | N | GET | EtherPHYCop | PHYPortID | Success |
| | N | Z | | | | Success |
| | Z | P | | | | Success |
| | P | Z | | | | Success |
| | N | P | | | | Success |
| | P | N | | | | Success |
| | | | | | | |
| 4 | Z | N | GET | EtherPHYCop | AdminStatus | Success |
| | N | Z | | | | Success |
| | Z | P | | | | Success |
| | P | Z | | | | Success |
| | N | P | | | | Success |
| | P | N | | | | Success |
| | | | | | | |
| 5 | Z | N | GET | EtherPHYCop | OperStatus | Success |
| | N | Z | | | | Success |
| | Z | P | | | | Success |
| | P | Z | | | | Success |
| | N | P | | | | Success |
| | P | N | | | | Success |
| | | | | | | |
| 32 | Z | N | SET | EtherPHYCop | AdminStatus | Success |
| | N | Z | | | | Success |
| | Z | P | | | | Success |
| | P | Z | | | | Success |
| | N | P | | | | Success |
| | P | N | | | | Success |
| | | | | | | |
| 33 | Z | N | SET | Ether | VlanInputTable | Success |
| | N | Z | | Classifier | | Success |
| | Z | P | | | | Success |
| | P | Z | | | | Success |
| | N | P | | | | Success |
| | P | N | | | | Success |
| | | | | | | |
| 34 | Z | N | DEL | Ether | VlanInputTable | Success |
| | N | Z | | Classifier | | Success |
| | Z | P | | | | Success |
| | P | Z | | | | Success |
| | N | P | | | | Success |
| | P | N | | | | Success |
| | | | | | | |
| 35 | Z | N | SET | Ether | VlanOutputTable | Success |
| | N | Z | | Encapsulator | | Success |
| | Z | P | | | | Success |
| | P | Z | | | | Success |
| | N | P | | | | Success |
| | P | N | | | | Success |
| | | | | | | |
| 36 | Z | N | DEL | Ether | VlanOutputTable | Success |
| | N | Z | | Encapsulator | | Success |
| | Z | P | | | | Success |
| | P | Z | | | | Success |
| | N | P | | | | Success |
| | P | N | | | | Success |
+-----+----+-----+-----+--------------+-------------------+---------+
+-----+----+-----+-------------------------+--------------+---------+
|Test#| CE |FE(s)| Item | LFBs Related | Result |
+-----+----+-----+-------------------------+--------------+---------+
| 1 | N | Z | IPv4NextHopTable SET | IPv4NextHop | Success |
| | | | | | |
| 2 | N | Z | IPv4PrefixTable SET | IPv4UcastLPM | Success |
| | | | | | |
| 3 | N | Z |Redirect OSPF packet from| RedirectIn | Success |
| | | | CE to SmartBits | | |
| | | | | | |
| 4 | N | Z |Redirect OSPF packet from| RedirectOut | Success |
| | | | SmartBits to CE | | |
| | | | | | |
| 5 | N | Z | Metadata in | RedirectOut | Success |
| | | | redirect message | RedirectIn | |
| | | | | | |
| 6 | N | Z | OSPF neighbor discovery | RedirectOut | Success |
| | | | | RedirectIn | |
| | | | | | |
| 7 | N | Z | OSPF DD exchange | RedirectOut | Success |
| | | | | RedirectIn | |
| | | | | IPv4NextHop | |
| | | | | | |
| 8 | N | Z | OSPF LSA exchange | RedirectOut | Success |
| | | | | RedirectIn | |
| | | | | IPv4NextHop | |
| | | | | IPv4UcastLPM| |
| | | | | | |
| 9 | N | Z | Data Forwarding | RedirectOut | Success |
| | | | | RedirectIn | |
| | | | | IPv4NextHop | |
| | | | | IPv4UcastLPM| |
| | | | | | |
| 10 | Z | N | IPv4NextHopTable SET | IPv4NextHop | Success |
| | | | | | |
| 11 | Z | N | IPv4PrefixTable SET | IPv4UcastLPM| Success |
| | | | | | |
| 12 | Z | N |Redirect OSPF packet from| RedirectIn | Success |
| | | | CE to other OSPF router | | |
| | | | | | |
| 13 | Z | N |Redirect OSPF packet from| RedirectOut | Success |
| | | |other OSPF router to CE | | |
| | | | | | |
| 14 | Z | N | Metadata in | RedirectOut | Success |
| | | | redirect message | RedirectIn | |
| | | | | | |
| 15 | Z | N |OSPF neighbor discovery | RedirectOut | Success |
| | | | | RedirectIn | |
| | | | | | |
| 16 | Z | N | OSPF DD exchange | RedirectOut | Failure |
| | | | | RedirectIn | |
| | | | | IPv4NextHop | |
| | | | | | |
| 17 | Z | N | OSPF LSA exchange | RedirectOut | Failure |
| | | | | RedirectIn | |
| | | | | IPv4NextHop | |
| | | | | IPv4UcastLPM| |
+-----+----+-----+-------------------------+--------------+---------+
0 1 2 3
01234567 89012345 67890123 45678901
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Kind | Length | ... |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| ...
+--------
0 1 2 3
01234567 89012345 67890123 45678901
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Kind | Length | ExID |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| option contents...
+--------+--------+--------+---
0 1 2 3
01234567 89012345 67890123 45678901
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Kind | Length | ExID |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| ExID (con't) | option contents...
+--------+--------+--------+---